CN113173865A - Graphene synergistic heat storage composite material driven by visible light and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Graphene synergistic heat storage composite material driven by visible light and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113173865A CN113173865A CN202110271940.4A CN202110271940A CN113173865A CN 113173865 A CN113173865 A CN 113173865A CN 202110271940 A CN202110271940 A CN 202110271940A CN 113173865 A CN113173865 A CN 113173865A
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C245/00—Compounds containing chains of at least two nitrogen atoms with at least one nitrogen-to-nitrogen multiple bond
- C07C245/02—Azo compounds, i.e. compounds having the free valencies of —N=N— groups attached to different atoms, e.g. diazohydroxides
- C07C245/06—Azo compounds, i.e. compounds having the free valencies of —N=N— groups attached to different atoms, e.g. diazohydroxides with nitrogen atoms of azo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C245/08—Azo compounds, i.e. compounds having the free valencies of —N=N— groups attached to different atoms, e.g. diazohydroxides with nitrogen atoms of azo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with the two nitrogen atoms of azo groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings, e.g. azobenzene
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- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/14—Solid materials, e.g. powdery or granular
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a graphene synergistic heat storage composite material driven by visible light and a preparation method and application thereof. The composite material comprises o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene and reduced graphene oxide, wherein the o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene is grafted on the surface of a reduction graphene oxide lamella in a covalent coupling mode. The graphene synergistic heat storage composite material driven by visible light has excellent performances in the aspects of complete visible light driven energy storage, rapid heat release under low temperature condition and heat storage density, and is beneficial to further fully utilizing solar energy to store heat energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of heat storage functional materials, and relates to a graphene synergistic heat storage composite material driven by visible light, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The potential for fossil fuel depletion, global warming and international conflicts are creating an unsettling worldwide energy landscape. In response to these crises, there is a need to develop renewable and sustainable energy technologies and to set and implement relevant policies to reduce the dependence on traditional fossil fuels. Fossil fuel alternatives that are commonly used today include many renewable energy sources such as clean coal, nuclear power, biomass/biofuel, hydroelectric power, geothermal power, seawater, tidal power, waves, wind power, and solar power. Among them, solar energy is the most abundant, inexhaustible and inexhaustible natural resource in our solar system. Although a large amount of energy enters the earth every day, how to effectively convert sunlight into a useful energy form is currently an important problem to be solved urgently. Thus, while fully realizing the importance of solar energy in meeting the ever-increasing energy needs of human society, various technologies have been proposed to achieve efficient capture, storage and conversion of solar energy.
Among the solar energy utilization technologies, the application of azobenzene photoresponse heat storage materials in the field of photothermal conversion and storage has attracted extensive research and attention in recent years. This material can store energy from solar radiation by structural or bond rearrangement of azobenzene photosensitive molecules and then release the energy in the form of heat, which makes reversible solar energy conversion and energy storage possible within a single material system. The azobenzene photoresponse heat storage material is popular because of the advantages of no harmful substance emission, easy transportation, reusability, good renewability, heat release according to needs and the like.
However, most azobenzene photoresponsive heat storage materials still require ultraviolet light irradiation with poor penetration and harmful to organisms and organic materials to complete the transformation of isomer configuration to achieve "charging", and it also cannot achieve rapid concentrated release of stored energy under low temperature conditions, which greatly limits their practical application in practical solar energy conversion and storage. Therefore, it is still an extremely difficult task to develop an azobenzene-based photo-responsive heat storage material that can complete the configuration transformation under irradiation of visible light, and has good storage properties and the ability to rapidly and intensively release its stored energy at low temperatures.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a graphene synergistic heat storage composite material driven by visible light and a preparation method and application thereof.
The invention provides a graphene synergistic heat storage composite material which comprises o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene and reduced graphene oxide with a structure shown in a formula (I), wherein the o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene with the structure shown in the formula (I) is grafted on the surface of a reduction graphene oxide sheet layer in a covalent coupling mode;
according to an embodiment of the present invention, the sheet surface of the reduced graphene oxide is grafted with one o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene molecule per 20 to 50 carbon atoms on average; for example, on average, one ortho-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene molecule is grafted per 23 to 46 carbon atoms; as another example, on average, one ortho-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene molecule is grafted per 25 to 44 carbon atoms. Illustratively, the sheet surface of the reduced graphene oxide is grafted with an ortho-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene molecule per 20, 23, 25, 26, 28, 30, 33, 35, 38, 40, 43, 47, or 50 carbon atoms on average.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the ortho-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene with the structure shown in the formula (I) is grafted on the surface of the reduced graphene oxide sheet layer in an array manner through covalent coupling.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the graphene synergistic heat storage composite material has a structure substantially as shown in the following:
according to the embodiment of the invention, the graphene synergistic heat storage composite material has the property of driving energy storage by visible light; preferably having the property of fully visible light driven energy storage.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the energy density of the graphene synergistic heat storage composite material is not lower than 100kJ kg-1For example, an energy density of 120-400kJ kg-1Exemplary is 130kJ kg-1，133.4kJ kg-1，145.8kJ kg-1，200kJ kg-1，225.7kJ kg-1，241.9kJ kg-1，300kJ kg-1，323.7kJ kg-1，370kJ kg-1。
According to an embodiment of the invention, the graphene synergistic heat storage energy composite has a heat release temperature span range (referring to a temperature difference range from the beginning of heat release to the end of heat release) of 15-25 ℃, such as 16-24 ℃, and exemplary temperatures of 16 ℃, 19 ℃, 20 ℃, 22 ℃ and 24 ℃.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the graphene synergistic heat storage energy composite has an initial heat release temperature of 32-47 ℃, such as 33-46 ℃, exemplary 33 ℃, 37 ℃, 39 ℃, 41 ℃, 43 ℃, 46 ℃.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the graphene synergistic heat storage energy composite has an end exotherm temperature of 56-71 ℃, such as 58-70 ℃, exemplary 59 ℃, 60 ℃, 62 ℃, 64 ℃, 68 ℃.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the graphene synergistic heat storage composite material, which comprises the following steps: and (3) uniformly dispersing the diazonium salt solution of the o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene in the reduced graphene oxide, and reacting to obtain the graphene synergistic heat storage composite material.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the process for preparing the diazonium salt solution of o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene comprises: o-tetrafluoro substituted azobenzene, NaOH and NaNO2Mixing with dilute hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, and reacting to obtain the ortho-tetrafluoro substituentDiazonium salt solution of azobenzene.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method comprises the steps of:
(1) o-tetrafluoro substituted azobenzene, NaOH and NaNO2Mixing with dilute hydrochloric acid water solution, and reacting to obtain diazonium salt solution of o-tetrafluoro substituted azobenzene;
(2) and uniformly dispersing the diazonium salt solution of the o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene in the reduced graphene oxide, and stirring for reaction to obtain the graphene synergistic heat storage composite material.
Preferably, the o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene has a structure shown in formula (I).
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step (1), the molar ratio of the o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene to NaOH is 1 (0.8-1.2), preferably 1:1. Preferably, the ortho-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene is used in an amount of 2 to 10 parts by mole, for example 3 to 8 parts by mole, illustratively 2 parts by mole, 3 parts by mole, 4 parts by mole, 5 parts by mole.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the step (1), the o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene and NaNO2The molar ratio of (A) to (B) is 1 (1-1.8), preferably 1: 1.2.
According to an embodiment of the invention, in step (1), the concentration of HCl in the dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid solution is between 0.5 and 2.5mol/L, such as between 1 and 2 mol/L.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step (1), ortho-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene is first dissolved in an aqueous NaOH solution, and then NaNO is added to the solution2And after uniform mixing, slowly dropwise adding the mixed solution into a dilute hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, and reacting at low temperature to obtain the diazonium salt solution of the o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene.
According to an embodiment of the invention, in step (1), the concentration of NaOH in the aqueous NaOH solution is 10-80mg/mL, such as 20-60mg/mL, exemplary 20mg/mL, 40mg/mL, 50mg/mL, 60 mg/mL.
According to an embodiment of the invention, in step (1), the molar ratio of ortho-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene to HCl is 1 (5-15), such as 1 (8-14), exemplary 1:8, 1:10, 1:12, 1: 14.
According to an embodiment of the invention, in step (1), the low temperature conditions are provided by a cryostat.
According to an embodiment of the invention, in step (1), the low temperature reaction is carried out for a period of time ranging from 1 to 2.5 hours, for example 1.5 hours. Preferably, the reaction is a stirred reaction.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the step (1), the temperature of the low-temperature reaction is-10 to 5 ℃, preferably-5 to 3 ℃, and is exemplarily 0 ℃.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the process for preparing the ortho-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene comprises the steps of: and (3) reacting 4-amino-3, 5-difluorobenzoic acid with 3, 5-difluoroaniline to obtain the o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene.
Preferably, the preparation process of the o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene comprises the following steps:
(a) dissolving 4-amino-3, 5-difluorobenzoic acid in NaOH aqueous solution, and adding NaNO into the solution2Finally, slowly adding the mixed solution into dilute hydrochloric acid, and reacting at low temperature to obtain a diazonium salt solution;
(b) slowly dripping the diazonium salt solution into an aqueous solution of 3, 5-difluoroaniline, adjusting the pH of the system after finishing dripping, and reacting to obtain a crude product of o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene;
(c) and purifying the crude product to obtain the o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene.
Preferably, in step (a), the molar ratio of 4-amino-3, 5-difluorobenzoic acid to HCl in dilute hydrochloric acid is 1 (5-15); for example, 4-amino-3, 5-difluorobenzoic acid is used in an amount of 2 to 30 parts by mole, preferably 5 to 20 parts by mole, illustratively 2 parts by mole, 3 parts by mole, 4 parts by mole, 5 parts by mole, 6 parts by mole, 10 parts by mole, 13 parts by mole, 15 parts by mole, 20 parts by mole, 30 parts by mole;
preferably, in step (a), the concentration of NaOH in the aqueous NaOH solution is 10-80mg/mL, such as 20-60 mg/mL;
preferably, in step (a), the molar ratio of 4-amino-3, 5-difluorobenzoic acid to sodium nitrite is 1 (1-1.8), e.g. 1: 1.2;
preferably, in step (a), the molar ratio of 4-amino-3, 5-difluorobenzoic acid to NaOH is 1 (0.8-1.2), preferably 1: 1;
preferably, the concentration of HCl in the dilute hydrochloric acid is between 0.5 and 2.5mol/L, such as 1 mol/L.
Preferably, in step (a), the low temperature is provided by a cryostat.
Preferably, in step (a), the low temperature reaction is carried out for a period of time in the range of 1 to 2.5 hours, for example 1.5 hours.
Preferably, in the step (a), the temperature of the low-temperature reaction is-10 to 5 ℃, preferably-5 to 3 ℃, and is 0 ℃ for example.
Preferably, in step (b), the molar ratio of 4-amino-3, 5-difluorobenzoic acid to 3, 5-difluoroaniline is 1 (0.8-1.2), preferably 1: 1;
preferably, in step (b), the pH of the system is adjusted by adding a base. Preferably, the alkali is at least one of sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and the like, preferably sodium carbonate; preferably, the base is added as a basic solution; preferably, the concentration of the alkali in the alkali solution is 0.5-1 mol/L;
preferably, in step (b), the pH of the system is adjusted to 5-7;
preferably, in step (b), the reaction is a stirred reaction. For example, the stirring speed of the stirring reaction is 500 and 600 revolutions per minute; preferably, the reaction time is 12 to 20 hours with stirring.
Preferably, in step (b), the reaction is carried out in an inert atmosphere, for example in an argon atmosphere.
Preferably, in step (b), the purification may employ purification methods known in the art, such as column chromatography separation.
The preparation route of the o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene is as follows:
according to an embodiment of the present invention, in the step (2), the reduced graphene oxide is added in the form of an aqueous solution of reduced graphene oxide. Preferably, the concentration of the reduced graphene oxide aqueous solution is 0.5-2mg/mL, such as 0.5mg/mL, 1 mg/mL.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the step (2), the stirring reaction is performed in an inert atmosphere, for example, in an argon atmosphere.
Preferably, the stirred reaction comprises two stages: a low-temperature reaction stage and a room-temperature reaction stage. For example, a low temperature reaction stage is performed, and the reaction is stirred under-5 to 5 ℃ (preferably 0 ℃) for 2 to 14 hours, such as 4 to 10 hours, for example, 4 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 9 hours, and 10 hours; the reaction is then allowed to proceed at room temperature and the reaction is continued with stirring at 20-30 deg.C (preferably 25 deg.C) for 10-36 hours, such as 12-34 hours, illustratively 12 hours, 18 hours, 24 hours, 32 hours, 34 hours.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the step (2), the preparation process of the reduced graphene oxide includes: and under an alkaline condition, reducing the graphene oxide by adopting hydrazine hydrate, and washing and filtering to obtain the reduced graphene oxide.
Preferably, hydrazine hydrate is added to an aqueous solution of graphene oxide having a pH of 10 to 12, and reduction treatment is performed under an inert atmosphere (e.g., nitrogen). Preferably, the pH of the aqueous solution of graphene oxide may be achieved by adding concentrated ammonia water thereto. Preferably, the graphene oxide in the aqueous solution of graphene oxide is in a uniformly dispersed state. Preferably, the concentration of the aqueous solution of graphene oxide is 0.5-2mg/mL, such as 0.5mg/mL, 1 mg/mL.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the graphene oxide to the hydrazine hydrate is 1 (1-3), such as 1 (1.5-2.5).
Preferably, the temperature of the reduction treatment is 80-100 ℃; preferably, the time of the reduction treatment is 2 to 5 hours.
Preferably, the reduction treatment is carried out in an inert atmosphere, for example in a nitrogen atmosphere.
In the present invention, the "mole fraction" may refer to 1mmol or 1 mol.
The invention also provides application of the graphene synergistic heat storage composite material in a solar heat storage device.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the visible light driven graphene synergistic heat storage composite material, reduced graphene oxide is used as a template, o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene with the structure shown in the formula (I) is grafted to the surface of the reduced graphene oxide in a covalent coupling mode, and the structure of the material is observed through a scanning electron microscope, so that o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene molecules are successfully grafted to the surface of the reduced graphene oxide. The visible light driven graphene synergistic heat storage composite material at least has the performances of completely visible light driven energy storage and rapid heat release under a low temperature condition, and further has excellent heat storage density. The composite material provided by the invention is beneficial to further fully utilizing solar energy to store heat energy.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph (scale 500nm) of reduced graphene oxide prepared in example 3.
Fig. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph (1 μm on a scale) of the visible light-driven graphene synergistic heat storage composite prepared in example 3.
FIG. 3 is a nuclear magnetic characterization map of an o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene compound prepared by the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an infrared characterization map of the visible light-driven graphene synergistic heat storage composite material prepared by the invention.
Fig. 5 is a differential scanning calorimetry thermogram of the visible light driven graphene synergistic heat storage composite material prepared in example 3.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the following examples are only illustrative and explanatory of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All the technologies realized based on the above-mentioned contents of the present invention are covered in the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise indicated, the raw materials and reagents used in the following examples are all commercially available products or can be prepared by known methods.
In the synthesis process of the o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene, the equivalent weight and the 2 equivalent weight respectively represent one time and 2 times of the molar weight of the 4-amino-3, 5-difluorobenzoic acid based on the molar weight of the 4-amino-3, 5-difluorobenzoic acid.
Energy density test procedure for each composite in the following examples:
firstly, uniformly dispersing a graphene synergistic photo-thermal energy storage composite material driven by visible light in acetonitrile, and then irradiating a sample by using an LED light source of the visible light (520nm) for energy storage. After the energy storage was complete, the test was performed by DSC. The DSC was first set to 10 ℃ and stabilized for 15 minutes, after which the entire energy density testing process was completed by heating to 120 ℃ at a ramp rate of 10 ℃/min.
The grafting density of the o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene on the surface of the reduced graphene oxide sheet in the following examples was obtained by thermogravimetric analysis.
Example 1
1) Preparation of o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene: 3mmol of 4-amino-3, 5-difluorobenzoic acid was weighed out and dissolved in a beaker containing 12mL of a 10mg/mL NaOH solution, and 210mg of NaNO was added2In the mixed solution, the three are evenly mixed and then slowly added with 30mL of 0.5 mol.L-1Then, the reaction was carried out at 0 ℃ for 1.5 hours with stirring to obtain a diazonium salt solution. Then slowly dropwise adding the obtained diazonium salt solution into 10mL of aqueous solution containing 2mmol of 3, 5-difluoroaniline, and using 0.5mol/L Na after dropwise adding2CO3And (3) adjusting the pH value of the aqueous solution to 5, continuing to stir in an ice bath for 12 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere, standing after the reaction is finished, and performing reduced pressure suction filtration to obtain a precipitate, thus obtaining a crude product of the o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene. And (3) purifying the crude product by column chromatography to obtain an o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene product with the structure shown in the formula (I).
2) Preparing reduced graphene oxide: 75mL, 1mg/mL with concentrated aqueous ammonia-1Adjusting the pH value of the aqueous solution of graphene oxide to 10, adding 61.5 mu L of hydrazine hydrate with the mass fraction of 80%, stirring, performing ultrasonic treatment for 2 hours to uniformly disperse the hydrazine hydrate, reacting for 2.5 hours at the temperature of 85 ℃ under the condition of nitrogen, and washing and filtering the product for multiple times by deionized water to obtain the graphene oxideAnd reducing the graphene oxide rGO to the target, and then re-dispersing the graphene oxide rGO into deionized water.
3) The preparation of the graphene synergistic heat storage composite material driven by visible light comprises the following steps: 1.5mmol of o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene was weighed out and dissolved in a beaker containing 6mL of a 10mg/mL NaOH solution, and 105mg of NaNO was added2In the mixed solution, after the three are mixed evenly, 7.5mL of the mixture is slowly dripped into the mixture, and 1 mol.L of the mixture is added-1Then, the reaction was carried out at 0 ℃ for 1.5 hours with stirring to obtain a diazonium salt solution. Then slowly dropwise adding the diazonium salt into 30mL and 1mg/mL prepared in the step 2)-1rGO in aqueous solution. After the addition was complete, stirring was continued at 0 ℃ under argon for 4 hours, then raised to 25 ℃ and stirred for 12 hours. And after centrifuging, washing the product with deionized water and acetone for multiple times respectively, and then carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the graphene synergistic heat storage composite material driven by visible light.
In the composite material, the grafting density of the ortho-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene with the structure shown in the formula (I) on the surface of the reduced graphene oxide sheet layer is 1:43 (the ratio of the number of molecules of the ortho-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene to the number of carbon atoms); the heat storage density of the composite material reaches 145.8 kJ.kg-1。
Example 2
1) Preparation of o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene: 6mmol of 4-amino-3, 5-difluorobenzoic acid was weighed out and dissolved in a beaker containing 24mL of a 10mg/mL NaOH solution, and 462mg of NaNO was added2In the mixed solution, after the three are mixed evenly, 72mL of the mixed solution and 0.5 mol.L of the mixed solution are slowly added in a dropwise manner-1Then, the reaction was carried out at 0 ℃ for 1.5 hours with stirring to obtain a diazonium salt solution. Then slowly dropwise adding the obtained diazonium salt solution into 30mL of aqueous solution containing 6mmol of 3, 5-difluoroaniline, and using 0.6mol/L Na after dropwise adding2CO3And (3) adjusting the pH value of the aqueous solution to 5, continuing to stir in an ice bath for 14 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere, standing after the reaction is finished, and performing reduced pressure suction filtration to obtain a precipitate, thus obtaining a crude product of the o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene. And (3) purifying the crude product by column chromatography to obtain an o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene product with the structure shown in the formula (I).
2) Preparing reduced graphene oxide: with concentrated ammonia water150mL of 1mg/mL-1Adjusting the pH value of a water solution of graphene oxide to 10, adding 184.5 mu L of hydrazine hydrate with the mass fraction of 80%, stirring, performing ultrasonic treatment for 2 hours to uniformly disperse the graphene oxide, reacting for 3 hours at 90 ℃ under the condition of nitrogen, washing and filtering the product for multiple times by deionized water to obtain the target reduced graphene oxide rGO, and then re-dispersing the target reduced graphene oxide rGO into the deionized water.
3) The preparation of the graphene synergistic heat storage composite material driven by visible light comprises the following steps: 3mmol of o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene was weighed and dissolved in a beaker containing 12mL of a 10mg/mL NaOH solution, and 60mg of NaNO was added2In the mixed solution, after the three are mixed evenly, the mixture is slowly dripped into 24mL of 1 mol.L-1Then, the reaction was carried out at 0 ℃ for 1.5 hours with stirring to obtain a diazonium salt solution. Then slowly dropwise adding the diazonium salt into 60mL and 1mg/mL prepared in the step 2)-1rGO in aqueous solution. After the addition was complete, stirring was continued at 0 ℃ under argon for 6 hours, then raised to 25 ℃ and stirred for 18 hours. And after centrifuging, washing the product with deionized water and acetone for multiple times respectively, and then carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the graphene synergistic heat storage composite material driven by visible light.
In the composite material, the grafting density of the ortho-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene with the structure shown in the formula (I) on the surface of the reduced graphene oxide sheet layer is 1:35 (the ratio of the number of molecules of the ortho-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene to the number of carbon atoms); the heat storage density of the composite material reaches 225.7 kJ.kg-1。
Example 3
1) Preparation of o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene: 12mmol of 4-amino-3, 5-difluorobenzoic acid was weighed out and dissolved in a beaker containing 48mL of 10mg/mL NaOH solution, and 966mg of NaNO was added2In the mixed solution, after the three are mixed evenly, the mixture is slowly dripped into 72mL of 1 mol.L-1Then, the reaction was carried out at 0 ℃ for 1.5 hours with stirring to obtain a diazonium salt solution. The resulting diazonium salt solution was then slowly added dropwise to 30mL of an aqueous solution containing 12mmol of 3, 5-difluoroaniline, and 0.7mol/L Na was added after the addition was complete2CO3Adjusting the pH value of the aqueous solution to 5, continuing to stir in ice bath for 16 hours under the nitrogen atmosphere, and finishing the reactionThen standing and carrying out reduced pressure suction filtration to obtain a precipitate, thus obtaining the crude product of the o-tetrafluoro substituted azobenzene. And (3) purifying the crude product by column chromatography to obtain an o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene product with the structure shown in the formula (I).
2) Preparing reduced graphene oxide: 225mL, 1 mg. multidot.mL were diluted with concentrated aqueous ammonia-1Adjusting the pH value of an aqueous solution of graphene oxide to 11, adding 369 mu L of hydrazine hydrate with the mass fraction of 80%, stirring, performing ultrasonic treatment for 2 hours to uniformly disperse the aqueous solution, reacting for 4 hours at the temperature of 95 ℃ under nitrogen, washing and filtering a product for multiple times by using deionized water to obtain a target reduced graphene oxide rGO, and then re-dispersing the target reduced graphene oxide rGO into the deionized water.
3) The preparation of the graphene synergistic heat storage composite material driven by visible light comprises the following steps: 6mmol of o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene was weighed out and dissolved in a beaker containing 24mL of a 10mg/mL NaOH solution, and 420mg of NaNO was added2In the mixed solution, after the three are mixed evenly, the mixture is slowly dripped into 60mL of 1 mol.L-1Then, the reaction was carried out at 0 ℃ for 1.5 hours with stirring to obtain a diazonium salt solution. Then the diazonium salt is slowly added into 120mL and 1mg/mL prepared in the step 2) in a dropwise manner-1rGO in aqueous solution. After the addition was complete, stirring was continued at 0 ℃ under argon for 7 hours, then raised to 25 ℃ and stirred for 24 hours. And after centrifuging, washing the product with deionized water and acetone for multiple times respectively, and then carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the graphene synergistic heat storage composite material driven by visible light.
In the composite material, the grafting density of the ortho-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene with the structure shown in the formula (I) on the surface of the reduced graphene oxide sheet layer is 1:26 (the ratio of the number of molecules of the ortho-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene to the number of carbon atoms); the heat storage density of the composite material reaches 323.7 kJ.kg-1。
Example 4
1) Preparation of o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene: 20mmol of 4-amino-3, 5-difluorobenzoic acid was weighed out and dissolved in a beaker containing 40mL of a 20mg/mL NaOH solution, and 1.82g of NaNO was added2In the mixed solution, the three are evenly mixed and then slowly added with 180mL of 1 mol.L-1Then the reaction is carried out at 0 ℃ with stirring 1And 5 hours to obtain a diazonium salt solution. And then slowly dropwise adding the obtained diazonium salt solution into 100mL of aqueous solution containing 20mmol of 3, 5-difluoroaniline, adjusting the pH to 5 by using 0.8mol/L aqueous solution after dropwise adding is finished, continuously stirring in an ice bath for 18 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere, standing after the reaction is finished, and performing reduced pressure suction filtration to obtain a precipitate, thus obtaining the crude product of the ortho-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene. And (3) purifying the crude product by column chromatography to obtain an o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene product with the structure shown in the formula (I).
2) Preparing reduced graphene oxide: 300mL, 1 mg. multidot.mL were diluted with concentrated aqueous ammonia-1Adjusting the pH value of a water solution of graphene oxide to 11, adding 615 mu L of hydrazine hydrate with the mass fraction of 80%, stirring, performing ultrasonic treatment for 2 hours to uniformly disperse the graphene oxide, reacting for 4.5 hours at 97 ℃ under the condition of nitrogen, washing and filtering a product for multiple times by using deionized water to obtain a target reduced graphene oxide rGO, and then re-dispersing the target reduced graphene oxide rGO into the deionized water.
3) The preparation of the graphene synergistic heat storage composite material driven by visible light comprises the following steps: 10mmol of o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene was weighed out and dissolved in a beaker containing 20mL of a 20mg/mL NaOH solution, and 700mg of NaNO was added2In the mixed solution, the three are evenly mixed and then slowly dripped into 120mL of 1 mol.L-1Then, the reaction was carried out at 0 ℃ for 1.5 hours with stirring to obtain a diazonium salt solution. Then slowly dropwise adding the diazonium salt into 200mL and 1mg/mL prepared in the step 2)-1rGO in aqueous solution. After the addition was complete, stirring was continued at 0 ℃ under argon for 9 hours, then raised to 25 ℃ and stirred for 32 hours. And after centrifuging, washing the product with deionized water and acetone for multiple times respectively, and then carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the graphene synergistic heat storage composite material driven by visible light.
In the composite material, the grafting density of the ortho-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene with the structure shown in the formula (I) on the surface of the reduced graphene oxide sheet layer is 1:33 (the ratio of the number of molecules of the ortho-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene to the number of carbon atoms); the heat storage density of the composite material reaches 241.9 kJ.kg-1。
Example 5
1) Preparation of o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene: 30mmol of 4-amino-3, 5-difluorobenzoic acid are weighed outDissolving it in a beaker containing 30mL of 40mg/mL NaOH solution with acid, and adding 3.15mg of NaNO2In the mixed solution, after the three are mixed evenly, the mixture is slowly dripped into 300mL of 1 mol.L-1Then, the reaction was carried out at 0 ℃ for 1.5 hours with stirring to obtain a diazonium salt solution. Then slowly dropwise adding the obtained diazonium salt solution into 150mL of aqueous solution containing 30mmol of 3, 5-difluoroaniline, and adding 1mol/L Na after dropwise adding2CO3And (3) adjusting the pH value of the aqueous solution to 5, continuing to stir in an ice bath for 20 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere, standing after the reaction is finished, and performing reduced pressure suction filtration to obtain a precipitate, thus obtaining a crude product of the o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene. And (3) purifying the crude product by column chromatography to obtain an o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene product with the structure shown in the formula (I).
2) Preparing reduced graphene oxide: 375mL, 1 mg. multidot.mL were mixed with concentrated aqueous ammonia-1Adjusting the pH value of a water solution of graphene oxide to 12, adding 992.5 mu L of hydrazine hydrate with the mass fraction of 80%, stirring, performing ultrasonic treatment for 2 hours to uniformly disperse the graphene oxide, reacting for 5 hours at 100 ℃ under the condition of nitrogen, washing and filtering the product for multiple times by deionized water to obtain the target reduced graphene oxide rGO, and then re-dispersing the target reduced graphene oxide rGO into the deionized water.
3) The preparation of the graphene synergistic heat storage composite material driven by visible light comprises the following steps: 15mmol of o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene was weighed out and dissolved in a beaker containing 15mL of a 40mg/mL NaOH solution, and 1.05g of NaNO was added2In the mixed solution, the three are evenly mixed and then slowly added into 210mL of 1 mol.L-1Then, the reaction was carried out at 0 ℃ for 1.5 hours with stirring to obtain a diazonium salt solution. Then slowly dropwise adding the diazonium salt into 300mL and 1mg/mL prepared in the step 2)-1rGO in aqueous solution. After the addition was complete, stirring was continued at 0 ℃ under argon for 10 hours, then raised to 25 ℃ and stirred for 34 hours. And after centrifuging, washing the product with deionized water and acetone for multiple times respectively, and then carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the graphene synergistic heat storage composite material driven by visible light.
In the composite material, the grafting density of the o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene with the structure shown in the formula (I) on the surface of the reduced graphene oxide sheet layer is 1:47 (o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzeneThe ratio of the number of tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene molecules to the number of carbon atoms); the heat storage density of the composite material reaches 133.4 kJ.kg-1。
FIG. 3 is a nuclear magnetic spectrum of an ortho-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene product prepared in any one of the above examples. From the figure, the actual number of hydrogen atoms of the o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene is basically consistent with the number of hydrogen atoms in the spectrogram, and the nuclear magnetic results prove that the o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene compound is successfully prepared.
Fig. 4 is an infrared spectrum of the visible light-driven graphene synergistic heat storage composite material prepared in any of the embodiments. The following characteristic peaks prove that the graphene synergistic heat storage composite material driven by the target visible light is successfully prepared: 2933cm-1The absorption peak is the characteristic absorption peak of-OH in-COOH, 1682cm-1The absorption peak at (A) is a characteristic absorption peak of a carbonyl group in-COOH of 1404cm-1The absorption peak at (A) is a characteristic absorption peak of-N-1116 cm-1The absorption peak is the characteristic absorption peak of-C-F.
The visible light driven graphene synergistic heat storage composite material prepared in example 3 was characterized. As shown in fig. 2, it can be clearly seen that the visible light driven graphene synergistic heat storage composite material has clear wrinkles, and the surface thereof shows a significant rough structure; the reduced graphene oxide shown in fig. 1 has a smooth surface and good interlayer dispersibility; therefore, the structure of the graphene is obviously changed after the reduced graphene oxide is grafted by the ortho-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene, the ortho-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene is successfully grafted to the surface of the reduced graphene oxide, and the visible light-driven graphene synergistic heat storage composite material is successfully prepared.
FIG. 5 is a differential scanning calorimetry thermogram of the graphene synergistic heat storage composite material of example 3, wherein the material starts to release heat at 41 deg.C, finishes releasing heat at 60 deg.C, and releases heat at 10 deg.C for min-1At a temperature rise rate of 1.9 minutes only, the total release of the stored energy is completed and the resulting storage density reaches 323.7kJ kg-1。
The results show that the graphene synergistic heat storage composite material driven by visible light has excellent performances in the aspects of complete visible light driven energy storage, rapid heat release under low temperature conditions and heat storage density, and is beneficial to further fully utilizing solar energy to store heat energy.
The preparation of the graphene synergistic heat storage composite material driven by visible light can be realized by adjusting the process parameters recorded in the content of the invention, and the energy storage and release performance basically consistent with that of the embodiment 3 is shown.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The graphene synergistic heat storage composite material is characterized by comprising o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene and reduced graphene oxide with a structure shown in a formula (I), wherein the o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene with the structure shown in the formula (I) is grafted on the surface of a reduction graphene oxide sheet layer in a covalent coupling mode;
2. the composite material of claim 1, wherein the surface of the reduced graphene oxide sheet is grafted with an ortho-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene molecule on average per 20-50 carbon atoms.
Preferably, the ortho-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene with the structure shown in the formula (I) is grafted on the surface of the reduced graphene oxide sheet layer in an array manner through covalent coupling.
3. The composite of claim 1 or 2, wherein the graphene enhanced heat storage composite has a structure substantially as shown in the following:
4. the composite material of any of claims 1-3, wherein the graphene enhanced heat storage composite material has properties of visible light driven energy storage; preferably having the property of fully visible light driven energy storage.
Preferably, the energy density of the graphene synergistic heat storage composite material is not lower than 100kJ kg-1Preferably, the energy density is 120-400kJ kg-1。
Preferably, the heat release temperature span range of the graphene synergistic heat storage composite material is 15-25 ℃.
Preferably, the initial heat release temperature of the graphene synergistic heat storage composite material is 32-47 ℃.
Preferably, the termination exothermic temperature of the graphene synergistic heat storage composite material is 56-71 ℃.
5. The preparation method of the graphene synergistic heat storage composite material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising the following steps: and (3) uniformly dispersing the diazonium salt solution of the o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene in the reduced graphene oxide, and reacting to obtain the graphene synergistic heat storage composite material.
Preferably, the preparation process of the diazonium salt solution of o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene comprises the following steps: o-tetrafluoro substituted azobenzene, NaOH and NaNO2And mixing with dilute hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, and reacting to obtain the diazonium salt solution of the o-tetrafluoro substituted azobenzene.
Preferably, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of diazonium salt solution of o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene: o-tetrafluoro substituted azobenzene, NaOH and NaNO2Mixing with dilute hydrochloric acid water solution, and reacting to obtain diazonium salt solution of o-tetrafluoro substituted azobenzene;
(2) uniformly dispersing the diazonium salt solution of the o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene in reduced graphene oxide, and stirring for reaction to obtain the graphene synergistic heat storage composite material;
preferably, the o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene has a structure represented by the formula (I) described in claim 1.
6. The process according to claim 5, wherein in the step (1), the molar ratio of the o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene to NaOH is 1 (0.8-1.2).
Preferably, in the step (1), the o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene and NaNO are2The molar ratio of (1) to (1-1.8).
Preferably, in the step (1), the concentration of HCl in the dilute hydrochloric acid aqueous solution is 0.5-2.5 mol/L.
Preferably, in the step (1), the o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene is dissolved in the aqueous NaOH solution, and then NaNO is added to the solution2And after uniform mixing, slowly dropwise adding the mixed solution into a dilute hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, and reacting at low temperature to obtain the diazonium salt solution of the o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene.
Preferably, in the step (1), the concentration of NaOH in the NaOH aqueous solution is 10-80 mg/mL.
Preferably, in the step (1), the molar ratio of the o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene to HCl is 1 (5-15).
Preferably, in step (1), the low temperature conditions are provided by a cryostat.
Preferably, in the step (1), the low-temperature reaction time is 1 to 2.5 hours.
Preferably, in the step (1), the temperature of the low-temperature reaction is-10 to 5 ℃.
7. The production method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the production process of the o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene comprises the steps of: and (3) reacting 4-amino-3, 5-difluorobenzoic acid with 3, 5-difluoroaniline to obtain the o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene.
Preferably, the preparation process of the o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene comprises the following steps:
(a) dissolving 4-amino-3, 5-difluorobenzoic acid in NaOH aqueous solution, addingInto NaNO2Finally, slowly adding the mixed solution into dilute hydrochloric acid, and reacting at low temperature to obtain a diazonium salt solution;
(b) slowly dripping the diazonium salt solution into an aqueous solution of 3, 5-difluoroaniline, adjusting the pH value of the system after finishing dripping, and stirring for reaction to obtain a crude product of o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene;
(c) and purifying the crude product to obtain the o-tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene.
8. The production method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein in the step (2), the reduced graphene oxide is added in the form of an aqueous solution of the reduced graphene oxide. Preferably, the concentration of the reduced graphene oxide aqueous solution is 0.5-2 mg/mL.
Preferably, in step (2), the stirring reaction is carried out under an inert atmosphere.
Preferably, the stirred reaction comprises two stages: a low-temperature reaction stage and a room-temperature reaction stage. For example, a low-temperature reaction stage is firstly carried out, and the mixture is stirred for 2 to 14 hours at the temperature of between 5 ℃ below zero and 5 ℃; then the reaction is carried out at room temperature, and the reaction is continuously stirred for 10 to 36 hours at the temperature of between 20 and 30 ℃.
9. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein in the step (2), the process for preparing the reduced graphene oxide comprises: and under an alkaline condition, reducing the graphene oxide by adopting hydrazine hydrate, and washing and filtering to obtain the reduced graphene oxide.
Preferably, hydrazine hydrate is added to an aqueous solution of graphene oxide having a pH of 10 to 12, and reduction treatment is performed under an inert atmosphere (e.g., nitrogen).
Preferably, the mass ratio of the graphene oxide to the hydrazine hydrate is 1 (1-3).
Preferably, the temperature of the reduction treatment is 80-100 ℃, and the time of the reduction treatment is 2-5 hours.
10. Use of the graphene synergistic heat storage composite material of any one of claims 1 to 4 in a solar energy storage device.
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