CN113173801B - 一种多孔材料及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种多孔材料及其制备方法与应用,以质量百分比计,多孔材料由如下成分制得:纤维基料50‑70%,助烧剂10‑25%,造孔剂0‑30%,粘结剂14‑30%。所述多孔材料具有孔隙率高、孔隙均匀、比表面积大的特点,能大幅提高导液效率。该多孔材料无游离的纤维,对人体无害。同时,该多孔材料抗压性好、强度高、热稳定性好,易于生产制备,可作为雾化芯原料广泛应用于雾化器技术领域,由其制得的雾化芯易于自动化装配,降低了雾化器的生产难度。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于陶瓷材料技术领域,具体地说,涉及一种陶瓷多孔材料及其制备方法以及在雾化装置中的应用。
背景技术
电子烟一般由主机(装有电池)、雾化器(将烟油填入)二部分组成。其中,雾化器的工作原理是:电源供电至电阻加热元件,电阻加热元件通电发热,高温的电阻加热元件使储存在雾化芯内的液体挥发、雾化。雾化器一般可作为医用雾化装置或用于电子烟领域以取代传统香烟,随着人们对健康的关注度越来越高,传统香烟在吸食过程中产生的大量有害物质越来越被人们排斥,电子烟作为一种传统香烟的替代品能大大降低吸烟过程中产生的有害物质,同时电子烟也作为一种戒烟产品得到了消费者的认可。
雾化器中,雾化芯的原料目前一般为有机棉和多孔陶瓷两种,其中有机棉存在高温下容易糊芯且不容易实现自动化装配的技术问题;而多孔陶瓷的孔径难以控制且孔分布不均,这导致吸食过程中口感差的问题。
上述技术问题促使行业内技术人员寻找雾化芯原料的替代品,科研人员发现玻璃纤维和陶瓷纤维具有熔点高、稳定性强、比表面积大的优点,具有运用在雾化芯中的潜力,但是这两种材料存在无法直接使用的问题,若直接用作雾化芯原料,细小游离的纤维容易被人体吸收,从而易对人体造成伤害,因此开发一种对人体无害、易于组装且不影响口感的雾化芯原料成为当前亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
为此,本发明正是要解决上述技术问题,从而提出一种对人体无害、易于组装且不影响口感的多孔材料及其制备方法以及在雾化装置中的应用。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案为:
本发明第一方面提供一种多孔材料,其以质量百分比计,由如下成分制得:纤维基料50-70%,助烧剂10-25%,造孔剂0-30%,粘结剂14-30%。
作为优选,以质量百分比计,包括如下成分:纤维基料50-65%,助烧剂14-20%,造孔剂6-20%,粘结剂14-24%。
作为优选,所述纤维基料为玻璃纤维和/或陶瓷纤维。
作为优选,所述纤维基料为石英玻璃纤维、钙铝硼硅酸盐玻璃、硅酸铝陶瓷纤维、硅酸钙镁陶瓷纤维中的至少一种,所述纤维基料的平均粒度为200目。
作为优选,所述助烧剂为纳米级二氧化硅(其为溶胶态),微米级硼硅酸盐玻璃、钠钙硅酸盐玻璃、氧化硼、氧化钙粉末中的至少一种,所述粉末平均粒度不低于300目,或者所述助烧剂为亚微米级硼酸镁晶须。
作为优选,所述造孔剂为聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂、聚苯乙烯、淀粉、石墨、竹炭、活性炭、竹纤维、蔗糖中的至少一种;所述造孔剂的粒度为80~350目。
作为优选,所述粘结剂为有机粘结剂,所述有机粘结剂为石蜡、松香、虫胶、乙烯-醋酸乙烯、硬脂酸、蜂蜡、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛中的至少一种。
本发明第二方面提供一种制备所述的多孔材料的方法,其包括如下步骤:
按比例将各原料混合均匀;
将混合均匀的原料制成生坯;
将所述生坯在600-1100℃下烧结,得到多孔材料。
作为优选,所述原料通过球磨和/或加热搅拌混合均匀;所述生坯通过模压、热压铸或热浇铸制得。
本发明第三方面提供一种所述的多孔材料在雾化芯中的应用。
本发明的上述技术方案相比现有技术具有以下优点:
本发明所述的多孔材料,以质量百分比计,由如下成分制得:纤维基料50-70%,助烧剂10-25%,造孔剂0-30%,粘结剂14-30%。所述多孔材料具有孔隙率高、孔隙均匀、比表面积大的特点,能大幅提高导液效率。该多孔材料无游离的纤维,对人体无害。同时,该多孔材料抗压性好、强度高、热稳定性好,易于生产制备,可作为雾化芯原料广泛应用于雾化器技术领域,由其制得的雾化芯易于自动化装配,降低了雾化器的生产难度。
附图说明
为了使本发明的内容更容易被清楚的理解,下面根据本发明的具体实施例并结合附图,对本发明作进一步详细的说明,其中
图1是本发明实施例所述的多孔材料的扫描电镜图;
图2是本发明实施例所述的多孔材料的孔径分布曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明,本发明中涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此,限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。另外,各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合,但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础,当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在,也不在本发明要求的保护范围之内。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种多孔材料,以质量百分比计,由50%纤维基料、25%助烧剂,25%粘结剂制得,其中,纤维基料为陶瓷纤维,本实施例中优选为硅酸铝纤维,其平均粒度为200目,助烧剂为硼硅酸盐玻璃粉,其平均粒度不低于300目,粘结剂为有机粘结剂,本实施中优选为石蜡和硬脂酸的混合物。
本实施例中所述多孔材料采用如下步骤制备:
S1、按上述比例将硅酸铝纤维与硼硅酸盐玻璃粉置于球磨罐中进行球磨,球料比为2:1,球磨时间为0.5-2h,本实施例中优选为0.5h;将石蜡与硬脂酸按照1:0.05的质量比置于加热搅拌机中,在70℃下使石蜡和硬脂酸彻底融化后,得到融化的有机粘结剂,将硅酸铝纤维与硼硅酸盐玻璃粉与融化的有机粘结剂搅拌混合均匀。
S2、将步骤S1得到的混合均匀的原料注入热压铸机,制备多孔材料生坯。
S3、将制得的多孔材料生坯置于烧结炉中在600℃下烧结,保温30min,得到多孔材料。
经测试,得到的多孔材料孔隙率在50%以上,强度高,吸油、锁油效果好,适用于雾化器的雾化芯原料,尤其适用于电子烟雾化芯原料,为便于组装、提高导油效率,可将多孔材料制备为中空的鼎状或圆柱状雾化芯。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种多孔材料,以质量百分比计,由70%纤维基料、10%助烧剂,5%造孔剂,15%粘结剂制得,其中,纤维基料为玻璃纤维,本实施例中优选为石英玻璃纤维,其平均粒度为200目,助烧剂为纳米二氧化硅(溶胶态,溶液质量分数约30%),造孔剂为淀粉,造孔剂的粒度为350目,粘结剂为有机粘结剂,本实施中优选为石蜡及少量蜂蜡。
本实施例中所述多孔材料采用如下步骤制备:
S1、按上述比例将石英玻璃纤维、纳米二氧化硅(溶胶态)初步搅拌混合数分钟后在200℃烘箱内烘干40min,冷却后与淀粉置于球磨罐中进行球磨,球料比为2:1,球磨时间为0.5-2h,本实施例中优选为1h;将石蜡与蜂胶置于加热搅拌机中,在110℃下使石蜡和蜂蜡彻底融化后,得到融化的有机粘结剂,将石英玻璃纤维、纳米二氧化硅、淀粉与融化的有机粘结剂搅拌混合均匀。
S2、将步骤S1得到的混合均匀的原料注入热压铸机,制备多孔材料生坯。
S3、将制得的多孔材料生坯置于烧结炉中在1100℃下烧结,保温30min,得到多孔材料。
经测试,得到的多孔材料孔隙率在50%以上,强度高,吸油、锁油效果好,适用于雾化器的雾化芯原料,尤其适用于电子烟雾化芯原料,为便于组装、提高导油效率,可将多孔材料制备为中空的鼎状或圆柱状雾化芯。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种多孔材料,以质量百分比计,由60%纤维基料、15%助烧剂,15%造孔剂,20%粘结剂制得,其中,纤维基料为玻璃纤维粉,本实施例中优选为钙铝硼硅酸盐玻璃纤维(无碱玻璃纤维),其平均粒度为200目,助烧剂为硼硅酸盐玻璃粉,其平均粒度不低于300目,造孔剂为聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂(PMMA),造孔剂的粒度为200目,粘结剂为有机粘结剂,本实施中优选为聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。
本实施例中所述多孔材料采用如下步骤制备:
S1、按上述比例将钙铝硼硅酸盐玻璃纤维、硼硅酸盐玻璃粉、PMMA置于球磨罐中进行球磨,球料比为2:1,球磨时间为0.5-2h,本实施例中优选为1h;将聚乙烯醇缩丁醛置于加热搅拌机中,在150℃下使聚乙烯醇缩丁醛彻底融化后,得到融化的有机粘结剂,将硅酸钙镁陶瓷纤维、钠钙硅酸盐玻璃粉、PMMA与融化的有机粘结剂搅拌混合均匀。
S2、将步骤S1得到的混合均匀的原料注入热浇铸机,制备多孔材料生坯。
S3、将制得的多孔材料生坯置于烧结炉中在660℃下烧结,保温30min,得到多孔材料。
经测试,得到的多孔材料孔隙率在50%以上,强度高,吸油、锁油效果好,适用于雾化器的雾化芯原料,尤其适用于电子烟雾化芯原料,为便于组装、提高导油效率,可将多孔材料制备为中空的鼎状或圆柱状雾化芯。
实施例4
本实施例提供一种多孔材料,以质量百分比计,由51%纤维基料、20%助烧剂,12%造孔剂,17%粘结剂制得,其中,纤维基料为玻璃纤维,本实施例中优选为钙铝硼硅酸盐玻璃纤维与石英玻璃纤维的混合物,二者质量比为1:1,纤维基料的平均粒度为200目,助烧剂为氧化硼、氧化钙的混合物,二者质量比为2:1,助烧剂的平均粒度不低于300目,造孔剂为竹炭、活性炭的混合物,二者质量比为1:1,造孔剂的粒度为80目,粘结剂为有机粘结剂,本实施中优选为石蜡。
本实施例中所述多孔材料采用如下步骤制备:
S1、按上述比例将钙铝硼硅酸盐玻璃纤维与、石英玻璃纤维、氧化硼、氧化钙、竹炭、活性炭置于球磨罐中进行球磨,球料比为2:1,球磨时间为0.5-2h,本实施例中优选为1.5h;将石蜡置于加热搅拌机中,在70℃下使石蜡彻底融化后,得到融化的有机粘结剂,将纤维基料、助烧剂、造孔剂与融化的有机粘结剂搅拌混合均匀。
S2、将步骤S1得到的混合均匀的原料注入模压设备,模压制备多孔材料生坯。
S3、将制得的多孔材料生坯置于烧结炉中在680℃下烧结,保温30min,得到多孔材料。
经测试,得到的多孔材料孔隙率在50%以上,强度高,吸油、锁油效果好,适用于雾化器的雾化芯原料,尤其适用于电子烟雾化芯原料,为便于组装、提高导油效率,可将多孔材料制备为中空的鼎状或圆柱状雾化芯。
实施例5
本实施例提供一种多孔材料,以质量百分比计,由65%纤维基料、14%助烧剂,7%造孔剂,14%粘结剂制得,其中,纤维基料为陶瓷纤维,本实施例中优选为硅酸铝陶瓷纤维、硅酸钙镁陶瓷纤维的混合物,二者质量比为2:1,纤维基料的平均粒度为200目,助烧剂为亚微米级硼酸镁晶须,造孔剂为石墨,造孔剂的粒度为150目,粘结剂为有机粘结剂,本实施中优选为石蜡、硬脂酸的混合物,二者质量比为1:0.1。
本实施例中所述多孔材料采用如下步骤制备:
S1、按上述比例将硅酸铝陶瓷纤维、硅酸钙镁陶瓷纤维、亚微米级硼酸镁晶须、石墨置于球磨罐中进行球磨,球料比为2:1,球磨时间为0.5-2h,本实施例中优选为1.2h;将石蜡、硬脂酸置于加热搅拌机中,在70℃下使石蜡、硬脂酸彻底融化后,得到融化的有机粘结剂,将纤维基料、助烧剂、造孔剂与融化的有机粘结剂搅拌混合均匀。
S2、将步骤S1得到的混合均匀的原料注入热压铸机,压铸制备多孔材料生坯。
S3、将制得的多孔材料生坯置于烧结炉中在700℃下烧结,保温30min,得到多孔材料。
经测试,得到的多孔材料孔隙率在50%以上,强度高,吸油、锁油效果好,适用于雾化器的雾化芯原料,尤其适用于电子烟雾化芯原料,为便于组装、提高导油效率,可将多孔材料制备为中空的鼎状或圆柱状雾化芯。
实验例
对实施例3制得的多孔材料进行扫描电镜(SEM)测试以及孔径分布测试,测试结果如图1和图2所示。
由该多孔材料的扫描电镜图片可看出,多孔材料中分布有高密度的孔隙,由孔径分布测试图中可看出,样品的孔隙率达到了50%以上,且孔径分布范围较窄。
显然,上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例,而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。
Claims (9)
1.一种多孔材料在雾化芯中的应用,其特征在于,以质量百分比计,由如下成分制得:纤维基料50-70%,助烧剂10-25%,造孔剂0-30%,粘结剂14-30%;其中,所述纤维基料为石英玻璃纤维、钙铝硼硅酸盐玻璃、硅酸铝陶瓷纤维、硅酸钙镁陶瓷纤维中的至少一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多孔材料在雾化芯中的应用,其特征在于,以质量百分比计,包括如下成分:纤维基料50-65%,助烧剂14-20%,造孔剂6-20%,粘结剂14-24%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的多孔材料在雾化芯中的应用,其特征在于,所述纤维基料的平均粒度为200目。
4.根据权利要求1所述的多孔材料在雾化芯中的应用,其特征在于,所述助烧剂为纳米级二氧化硅,微米级硼硅酸盐玻璃、钠钙硅酸盐玻璃、氧化硼、氧化钙粉末中的至少一种,所述粉末平均粒度不低于300目。
5.根据权利要求4所述的多孔材料在雾化芯中的应用,其特征在于,所述助烧剂为亚微米级硼酸镁晶须。
6.根据权利要求1所述的多孔材料在雾化芯中的应用,其特征在于,所述造孔剂为聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂、聚苯乙烯、淀粉、石墨、竹炭、活性炭、竹纤维、蔗糖中的至少一种;所述造孔剂的粒度为80~350目。
7.根据权利要求1所述的多孔材料在雾化芯中的应用,其特征在于,所述粘结剂为有机粘结剂,所述有机粘结剂为石蜡、松香、虫胶、乙烯-醋酸乙烯、硬脂酸、蜂蜡、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛中的至少一种。
8.一种制备如权利要求1-7任一项所述的多孔材料的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
按比例将各原料混合均匀;
将混合均匀的原料制成生坯;
将所述生坯在600-1100℃下烧结,得到多孔材料。
9.根据权利要求8所述的多孔材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述原料通过球磨和/或加热搅拌混合均匀;所述生坯通过模压、热压铸或热浇铸制得。
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