CN113165275A - 用于连接热塑性复合物质部件的方法 - Google Patents

用于连接热塑性复合物质部件的方法 Download PDF

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CN113165275A
CN113165275A CN201980078684.8A CN201980078684A CN113165275A CN 113165275 A CN113165275 A CN 113165275A CN 201980078684 A CN201980078684 A CN 201980078684A CN 113165275 A CN113165275 A CN 113165275A
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component
needle
components
needles
thermoplastic
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阿列克谢·维克尼亚科夫
塔西洛·威特
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Airbus Operations GmbH
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Airbus Operations GmbH
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Priority claimed from DE102018009378.7A external-priority patent/DE102018009378A1/de
Priority claimed from DE102019100451.9A external-priority patent/DE102019100451A1/de
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Publication of CN113165275A publication Critical patent/CN113165275A/zh
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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    • B29C65/72—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by combined operations or combined techniques, e.g. welding and stitching
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    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
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Abstract

由热塑性纤维复合物质制成的相连接的构件，其中所述构件通过针进行连接，所述构件在压力和转动下被引入所述构件的由此经软化的基质材料中；以及一种用于连接这样的构件的方法。

Description

用于连接热塑性复合物质部件的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于连接热塑性复合物质部件的方法。
背景技术
可以使用热塑性复合物质作为基于硬质树脂的复合物质的替代物。与常见的复合物质不同，热塑性复合物质的基质并非由聚酯或环氧树脂形成，而是由热塑性塑料制成。可以使用PEEK、PEKK、PAEK、PEAK、PPS、PEI、PA、PES作为形成这样的基质的热塑性塑料。在热塑性塑料中嵌入有增强纤维。可以使用碳纤维、凯夫拉纤维或玻璃纤维作为增强纤维。在此，增强纤维可以如在常见的纤维复合物质中那样被嵌入基质中。
可以以各种方式将由复合物质制成的工件相互连接。这样的连接可以通过粘合来进行。粘合连接并非在所有领域中都是常见且广泛的，例如在车辆结构的承载荷载的区域中。其原因在于连接缺乏可检查性：在面型地粘合的两个部件之间的粘合连接对于进行检查的观察员的眼睛而言仍是隐蔽的。另一种连接技术是使用诸如铆钉、螺钉和/或螺栓的紧固元件。为了使用这样的紧固元件，必然要在连接点钻入要连接的工件。在由热塑性复合物质制成的构件的情况下，对工件钻孔并不是普通的处理，这是因为热塑性复合工件的基质材料由于钻孔过程的摩擦热量而变热。此外，通过钻孔将承载荷载的增强纤维切断。
还已知自攻螺钉作为连接器件，这些连接器件配备有由于旋入产生的摩擦热量而可被软化的密封材料。该连接器件还以预先钻孔(伴随着对纤维材料的削弱)为前提。
即，现有技术缺乏如下连接技术，该连接技术允许在不削弱增强纤维的情况下将由热塑性复合物质制成的工件永久地相互连接。
发明内容
现在，对于本领域技术人员而言完全令人惊讶的发现：由热塑性纤维复合物质制成的相连接的构件弥补了现有技术的缺陷，其中这些构件通过针进行连接，这些构件在压力和转动下被引入这些构件的由此经软化的基质材料中。本发明还包括一种用于连接由热塑性纤维复合物质制成的构件的方法，该方法包括：对所述构件进行彼此定位，在压力下放置针，将所述针置于转动运动，从而使得所述热塑性基质材料软化并且将所述针推移穿过所述构件的经软化的基质材料，使所述热塑性基质材料硬化。本发明的意义上的针也可以是销钉或其他连接元件。
在所有情况下优选的是，所述针被布置成在穿入点或穿出点并不垂直于构件表面。还优选的是，将这些构件相互连接的针与相连接的构件的表面的角度为小于80°、优选小于70°、特别优选小于60°、并且非常特别优选小于50°。还优选的是，针是柱形的。还优选的是，所述针的表面是有凹槽的。还优选的是，多个针被布置成成对地彼此交叉的并且在此相邻的针的相对彼此的角度为大体上90°。还优选的是，对所述针的伸出的部分进行处理，使得获得平坦的构件表面。这可以通过以下方式实现，即：对这些针的伸出的部分进行弯曲，和/或对这些针的伸出部分进行切断。还优选的是，借助附加的紧固器件将针的伸出的部分固定在构件的表面上。还优选的是，附加地通过热塑性焊接方法将所述构件相互连接。这样的热塑性焊接方法可以是激光焊接、超声波焊接、感应焊接、电阻焊接或导热焊接，或这些焊接方法中的单独的方法、或这些焊接方法中的多种方法的组合。还优选的是，构件表面具有避雷材料。还优选的是，避雷材料由金属性的拉伸网格形成。还优选的是，构件表面具有由金属性的孔箔形成的避雷材料。还优选的是，借以将所述针压到所述构件表面上的力处于50与1000N之间，优选地处于100与500N之间。还优选的是，转动的所述针的转动频率为每分钟5,000-2000转。还优选的是，接着对所述针的伸出的部分进行弯曲，使得所述针的从该构件突出的部分平面式地贴靠所述或所述多个构件表面。还优选的是，接着对所述针的伸出的部分进行弯曲，使得所述针的从所述构件突出的部分以第一部分平面式地贴靠所述或所述多个构件表面并且以第二部分大体上垂直地侵入所述构件表面中。还优选的是，要连接的构件的所述针仅部分地穿过，优选相对于相应的构件厚度穿过至多2/3。还优选的是，将所述针实施成使其具有至少一个预先限定的断裂点，将所述断裂点定位成与所述构件表面大体上齐平；这样的额定断裂点可以被定位在这些针的从构件突出的两个区段上，与构件表面大体上齐平。还优选的是，所述针具有头部，将所述头部定位成与所述构件表面齐平。该头部可以是平头、半圆头或沉头。还优选的是，将这样的头部定位成与该构件表面齐平。还优选的是，附加的在引入所述针之前或期间对所述连接点进行加热(热空气、感应、激光、红外线等)。还优选的是，优选在使用预先限定的断裂点(额定断裂点)的情况下，相应地在单独的步骤中移除这些针的从构件表面突出的部分。本发明还包括一种载具，尤其具有根据本发明的构件的飞行器。
附图说明
上述的方面和本发明的其他方面、特征以及优点同样可以从实施方式的实例中得出，这些实例在下文中参照附图来说明。
具体实施方式
图1示出由热塑性纤维复合物质制成的、相连接的两个构件(1)。在此，在使用针(4)的情况下将由第一构件(2)和第二构件(3)构成的相连接的构件(1)结合在一起。针(4)被成形为柱形的并且可以具有光滑的表面(4a)或有凹槽的表面(4b)。具有光滑的表面(4a)的针在其生产时具有优点。具有光滑的表面的针可以特别容易地制造。具有有凹槽的表面(4b)的针在其加工时以及在组合成的构件(1)的耐用性方面具有优点。通过有凹槽的表面可以通过较细的针产生具有较高的功率密度的摩擦热量，这使得可以实现对针的较快速的加工。此外，有凹槽的针在热塑性基质材料硬化之后将构件(2)和(3)更好地保持在一起。附加地，在使用有凹槽的表面和较细的针的情况下，这引起的构件(2)和(3)中的承担荷载的纤维的形变较小且损坏较小，因而相连接的构件具有经改进的机械特性。
图2a和图2b示出将根据本发明的针(4)加工至根据本发明的构件(1)。将针(4)置于转动(5)并且以压力(6)将其压到构件(2)的表面上。在此，由于针(4)的尖端处产生的摩擦热量而产生具有熔化了的基质材料(7)的区域，可以将针(4)预先推移到该基质材料中。在此，构件(2)的承载荷载的纤维大体上不受损坏，而是如下地变形，即：针(4)可以穿过构件(2)的纤维层而侵入。
图3a和图3b示出相连接的构件(2，3)，其中针(4)被定向成并非彼此平行。而是针(4)彼此形成角度(8)。在图3a和图3b中，这个角度(8)为90°，然而也可以实现针(4)彼此形成另外的角度(8)。彼此成直角地布置的多个针(4)可以进一步改进相连接的构件(1)的机械特性。
针(4)同样可以与构件(2，3)的表面平行地被切断并且通过研磨和抛光使表面平整。
图四示出针(4)的在构件(2，3)的表面上突出的区段(9)，这些区段可以通过弯曲而进一步提高相连接的构件(1)的强度。为此，可以借助于弯曲工具(19)对针(4)的突出的区段(9)进行弯曲。可以有利的是，针(4)的突出的部分(9)具有多个弯曲点(11)。突出的区段(9)的支腿(12)可以在压力下被驱入构件(2)的表面中。
要注意，所描述的实施方式仅为展示性的并且不是限制性的。
虽然本发明在示例和上述说明中进行了详细的展示和说明，但旨在：此类展示和说明仅为展示性或示例性的、而非限制性的，从而本发明不受所公开的实施方式限制。在权利要求书中，词语“具有”并不排除其他要素，并且不定冠词“一个(ein)”不排除多个。
仅仅在不同的从属权利要求中提及特定的特征并不限制本发明的主题。也可以有利地使用这些特征的组合。

Claims (16)

1.由热塑性纤维复合物质制成的相连接的构件，其中所述构件通过针进行连接，所述构件在压力和转动下被引入所述构件的由此经软化的基质材料中。
2.一种用于连接由热塑性纤维复合物质制成的构件的方法，所述方法包括：
对所述构件进行彼此定位，
在压力下放置针，
将所述针置于转动运动，从而使得所述热塑性基质材料软化并且将所述针推移穿过所述构件的经软化的基质材料，
使所述热塑性基质材料硬化。
3.根据以上权利要求之一所述的构件或方法，其特征在于，所述针被布置成在穿入点或穿出点并不垂直于构件表面。
4.根据以上权利要求之一所述的构件或方法，其特征在于，所述针的表面是有凹槽的。
5.根据以上权利要求之一所述的构件或方法，其特征在于，多个针被布置成成对地彼此交叉的并且在此相邻的针的相对彼此的角度为大体上90°。
6.根据以上权利要求之一所述的构件或方法，其特征在于，对所述针的伸出的部分进行处理，使得获得平坦的构件表面。
7.根据以上权利要求之一所述的构件或方法，其特征在于，附加地通过热塑性焊接方法将所述构件相互连接。
8.根据以上权利要求之一所述的构件或方法，其特征在于，构件表面具有避雷材料。
9.根据以上权利要求之一所述的构件或方法，其特征在于，借以将所述针压到所述构件表面上的力处于50与1000N之间，优选地处于100与500N之间。
10.根据以上权利要求之一所述的构件或方法，其特征在于，转动的所述针的转动频率为每分钟5,000-2000转。
11.根据以上权利要求之一所述的构件或方法，其特征在于，接着对所述针的伸出的部分进行弯曲，使得所述针的从所述构件突出的部分以第一部分平面式地贴靠所述或所述多个构件表面并且以第二部分大体上垂直地侵入所述构件表面中。
12.根据以上权利要求之一所述的构件或方法，其特征在于，要连接的构件的所述针仅部分地穿过，优选相对于相应的构件厚度穿过至多2/3。
13.根据以上权利要求之一所述的构件或方法，其特征在于，将所述针实施成使其具有至少一个预先限定的断裂点，将所述断裂点定位成与所述构件表面大体上齐平。
14.根据以上权利要求之一所述的构件或方法，其特征在于，所述针具有头部，将所述头部定位成与所述构件表面齐平。
15.根据以上权利要求之一所述的构件或方法，其特征在于，附加的在引入所述针之前或期间对所述连接点进行加热(热空气、感应、激光、红外线等)。
16.一种载具，尤其具有根据以上权利要求之一所述的构件的飞行器。
CN201980078684.8A 2018-11-30 2019-11-29 用于连接热塑性复合物质部件的方法 Pending CN113165275A (zh)

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