CN113163431B - Mine wireless relay emergency communication system - Google Patents
Mine wireless relay emergency communication system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113163431B CN113163431B CN202110452698.0A CN202110452698A CN113163431B CN 113163431 B CN113163431 B CN 113163431B CN 202110452698 A CN202110452698 A CN 202110452698A CN 113163431 B CN113163431 B CN 113163431B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mine wireless relay emergency communication system. The system comprises a wireless relay station, a redundant base station and a wireless terminal node; the system has a link structure with multi-radio frequency full duplex receiving and transmitting, frequency division channel laneway space multiplexing, link control and data transmission separation, can be accessed into an underground Ethernet ring network through an optical fiber/bus switch and is connected with a ground wired communication system; the system adopts an efficient routing protocol to carry out relay transmission on data, and carries out wireless/wired link breakpoint recovery through a link breakpoint recovery protocol, and when a wired link is interrupted, a wireless relay station at the breakpoint takes voice data in an Ethernet ring as local data to carry out wireless relay forwarding. After the coal mine is subjected to catastrophe, the system can reliably provide wireless emergency communication service for underground persons in danger, and solves the problems of multi-stage relay time delay, bandwidth loss, system stability and the like caused by receiving and transmitting switching, channel multiplexing, signaling and data mixed transmission.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mine wireless relay emergency communication system, in particular to the fields of mine emergency communication, wireless multi-hop relay, wireless link structures, communication protocols and the like.
Background
The mine emergency communication system is an important tool for improving rescue efficiency and reducing casualties, and plays an important role in emergency rescue and safety production of coal mine accidents. After an accident happens in a coal mine, the mine emergency communication system can still provide communication with a ground dispatching room for underground distress personnel, and is key equipment for a disaster relief command department to know underground disasters, positions and conditions of trapped personnel and guide the trapped personnel to save self. The mine through-the-earth communication system can penetrate coal rocks to realize underground and ground communication. But the mine through-the-earth communication system has low working frequency and low transmission rate. In order to meet the requirement of bidirectional communication, a transmitting coil with more than one hundred meters needs to be arranged underground, the implementation cost is high, and the influence of mine accident disasters is easy to realize.
At present, a coal mine does not have a special mine emergency communication system, and a mine wired dispatching communication system is adopted as a mine emergency communication system. The mining wired dispatching communication system does not need underground power supply, can normally work as long as a cable is continuous and a telephone is not damaged, and therefore, the reliability is high. However, when a cable of the mining wired dispatching communication system is broken due to an accident, the system cannot provide communication with the ground for the underground distressed personnel. Therefore, there is a need to develop a mine wireless emergency communication system without communication cables and optical cables. The MESH is the most extensive ad hoc network multi-hop communication protocol, but the most prominent problem of the MESH communication system used for multi-hop wireless communication is that the relay hop count is limited, the effective relay hop count is affected by the bandwidth loss of each stage of relay, and the MESH and other common ad hoc network and wireless relay technologies have few relay hop counts and are difficult to meet the requirement of tens of hops in mine emergency communication.
The invention provides a multistage wireless relay mine emergency communication system, which aims to solve the problems that an underground coal mine wireless communication system is poor in anti-disaster capability, large in transmission signal attenuation, limited in wireless transmitting power, short in transmission distance and difficult to meet the requirement of 10km transmission distance, the transmission delay of mine wireless signals is high, the relay hop number is greatly influenced by the bandwidth loss of each stage of relay and the like, so that the system can meet the requirement of emergency communication in a disaster environment, and the emergency rescue capability of mine disasters is greatly improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a mine wireless relay emergency communication system, which aims to solve the problems of multistage relay time delay, bandwidth loss, system stability and the like caused by transceiving switching, channel multiplexing, and mixed transmission of signaling and data in the conventional wireless relay communication, avoid the problem of channel interference caused by mixed transmission of a wireless relay station and a redundant base station, simplify the processes of step-by-step routing addressing and routing discovery, reduce the data transmission time delay, improve the data forwarding efficiency, reduce the overhead of a protocol on a link and enhance the anti-catastrophe capability of the link. The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme to solve the technical problems:
the invention discloses a mine wireless relay emergency communication system, which comprises a wireless relay station, a redundant base station and a wireless terminal node; the wireless relay station adopts a wireless link structure with multi-radio frequency full duplex receiving and transmitting, frequency division channel laneway space multiplexing and link control and data transmission separation; the redundant base station is hung on the previous wireless relay station, and the routing protocols of the wireless relay station and the redundant base station adopt a data transparent transmission mode; the system is accessed to the existing mine communication equipment on the ground, is connected with the monitoring terminal and is accessed to the underground Ethernet ring network through the optical fiber/bus switch to form a wired communication link of the Ethernet ring network; the wireless relay station adopts a plurality of wireless radio frequency units, a relay link is decomposed into a plurality of one-to-one subchains, the relay stage number and the frequency division channel number are decoupled through the spatial multiplexing of a frequency division channel roadway, and a link control channel is separated from a data transmission channel; the routing protocol of the system carries out data exchange by the wireless relay stations at the branch laneway according to the routing table, the rest wireless relay stations only analyze data packet headers to receive local data, and non-local data is directly transmitted in a transparent mode in the extending direction of the laneway; the system adopts a redundant base station, wireless terminal bridging and local access cooperative link breakpoint recovery protocol to recover the link breakpoint, when the wired link is interrupted, the wireless relay station and the redundant base station at the broken point of the wired link access the voice data in the Ethernet ring network to the relay station through the optical fiber/bus switch, and the voice data is taken as the local data to be wirelessly relayed and forwarded.
Further, the method for separating link control and data transmission includes: the wireless relay station adopts a duplexer and a frequency band filter to divide a relay link into two independent frequency bands CHA/CHB for carrying out different-frequency full-duplex transceiving; a plurality of sub-channels CHA/B-0-CHA/B-N (N > 3) are divided in the frequency band CHA/CHB, a protection bandwidth is arranged among the sub-channels, and the sub-channels are separated by an intermediate frequency filter of a radio transceiver; the sub-channels comprise a link control dedicated channel and a relay/terminal data transmission channel; the relay station is provided with not less than 6 independent radio transceivers, one of the independent radio transceivers is used for transmitting link control signaling in a frequency band CHA/CHB, and the other independent radio transceivers is used for receiving/transmitting relay/terminal data of nodes at the front stage and the rear stage.
Further, the frequency division channel tunnel spatial multiplexing mode of the relay link includes: according to the physical arrangement sequence of the wireless relay stations in the roadway, CHB-1 and CHB-3 are used for transmitting, and CHA-1 and CHA-3 are used for receiving; CHA-1, 2, CHB-1, 2; CHB-2, 3, CHA-2, 3; CHA-1, 3, CHB-1, 3; CHB-1, 2, CHA-1, 2; performing frequency cycle allocation in a CHA-2 and 3-sending and CHB-2 and 3-receiving mode; allocating new frequency division sub-channels to the relay stations at the branch tunnels according to the number of the branch tunnels, and multiplexing the newly allocated sub-channels according to the spatial relationship among the relay stations at different branch tunnels; when the number of wireless terminal nodes linked by each relay station is fixed, the relay number is decoupled from the number of frequency division sub-channels required by the system.
Furthermore, the data transmission channel is provided with not less than 4 broadband radio transceivers in each relay station, which are respectively used for receiving/transmitting data of front-stage and back-stage relays/terminals in CHA/CHB frequency bands, and the wireless transceiver channels of the relays/terminals are accessed according to a channel roadway spatial multiplexing mode, and the relay links are decoupled into independent subchains; when the channel condition is good, each sub-chain receives and transmits continuous data according to the maximum data receiving and transmitting speed of the radio transceiver and a routing protocol, and parallel data stream exchange is carried out by a digital logic unit in the relay station; the adjacent relay stations receive and transmit control and data transmission are independent.
Furthermore, the link control dedicated channel is provided with two narrow-band high-sensitivity radio transceivers in each relay station, and adopts a time-sharing access mode; when the channel quality is good, the link control dedicated channel transmits networking and route maintenance related signaling; when the channel quality is not enough to satisfy the information bandwidth of the data transmission link, only the radio transceiver corresponding to the link control dedicated channel is accessed into the radio frequency link, and the radio frequency link is multiplexed into the data transmission link to transmit the narrowband characters and important data information.
Furthermore, the system divides the link route into an uplink/downlink structure along the extending direction of the mine roadway; the redundant base station is mounted on the previous-stage wireless relay station, and the routing protocol of the wireless relay station and the redundant base station comprises the following steps: when the link is normal, the redundant base station is hung on the previous-stage wireless relay station in a terminal mode and does not participate in data transmission of the relay link; the information source wireless relay station in the system determines the uplink/downlink position of the target wireless relay station relative to the local machine according to the routing table in the memory, and directly transmits data to the sub-chain in the direction of the target transmission path after attaching the equipment number of the target wireless relay station to the data packet header; each level of wireless relay station which is not positioned at the branch road junction performs sliding window filtering on the equipment number of the data packet head, and the data packet which is not received by the local machine is directly transmitted and forwarded to the next level of wireless relay station; when the data packet is forwarded to the wireless relay station at the branch roadway opening, the data packet is forwarded after selecting the corresponding roadway direction according to the routing table; when the target wireless relay station forwards the data stream and the data packet header is the equipment number of the target wireless relay station, carrying out complete data packet receiving and verification, extracting the target data packet from the relay data stream, and releasing the data stream; and after the data packet is checked, feeding back an ACK (acknowledgement) signaling to the front-stage wireless relay station to complete data receiving and transmitting.
Further, the redundant base station link breakpoint recovery protocol includes: when the wireless link discontinuous node fails, the adjacent wireless relay station checks the original working state of the failed node, and if the failed node is a redundant base station which is hung on a preceding wireless relay station in a terminal mode, the wireless relay station continues normal relay data transmission; if the failure node is a wireless relay station, the redundant base station mounted on the failure wireless relay station immediately starts to work, directly performs function replacement with the failure wireless relay station, the receiving and sending frequency and channel selection of the physical layer of the redundant base station are consistent with those of the original wireless relay station, directly switches over the data stream of the original wireless relay station, sends a route maintenance signaling to a source node of a link, reports the information of the failure base station, and completes route maintenance.
Further, the wireless terminal bridging link breakpoint recovery protocol includes: when a plurality of continuous nodes of a wireless link fail, bridging a link breakpoint by a single or a plurality of mobile terminal nodes; the wireless terminal node at the link breakpoint sends a networking request signaling to the wireless relay station in the link breakpoint area, if the wireless terminal node is successfully handshake-linked with the relay station in the breakpoint area, the previous wireless relay station mounting the wireless terminal node sends a temporary relay signaling to the wireless relay station, the terminal node forwards relay data of a main link, and direct bridging recovery of a single-stage terminal is completed; when a single mobile terminal node cannot directly establish a link with an original relay link within a certain time, the terminal node at the link breakpoint sends a networking request signaling to an adjacent terminal node; after receiving the networking request signaling, each terminal node in the link interruption area performs networking handshake linkage with the terminal node, tries to reconnect the original wireless relay station on which the terminal node is mounted, and forwards the signaling and continues networking request if the link cannot be performed; if the wireless relay station can be effectively linked with the wireless relay station in the breakpoint area, the terminal node positioned in the downlink direction of the link breakpoint sends back a signaling to the terminal node in the uplink direction of the link until the wireless relay station at the breakpoint in the uplink direction of the link; the wireless relay station sends a temporary relay signaling to the terminal nodes linked with the wireless relay station according to the returned information, and each terminal node carries out bidirectional data transparent transmission and forwarding according to the signaling to recover the data transmission of the communication breakpoint area.
Further, the wireless terminal bridging link breakpoint recovery protocol includes: when the multi-stage terminal nodes still cannot restore the original link, the movable wireless terminal nodes which are near the link breakpoint are close to the area where the link breakpoint is located in a mode of manual movement or autonomous movement of equipment, each movable wireless terminal node firstly determines the section of the roadway where the movable wireless terminal node is located according to the routing information of the linked wireless relay station by inquiring a global routing table, and provides moving direction navigation information for carrying personnel or a mobile device; estimating the basic position of the tunnel section where the mobile wireless terminal node is located according to the signal strength RSSI or the arrival time TOA of the mobile wireless terminal node and the linked wireless relay station, and providing mobile distance navigation information for carrying personnel or mobile devices; and when two or more movable wireless terminal nodes are linked through the route discovery recombination breakpoint, according to a route protocol, data transmission is performed through the terminal node pair, and bridging recovery of the communication breakpoint is completed.
Furthermore, in the wired communication link of the Ethernet ring network, the wireless relay stations are used as terminal equipment and are connected into the underground Ethernet ring network through the optical fiber/bus switch, and the IP of each wireless relay station is distributed by the optical fiber/bus switch; each node in the link transmits locally generated transceiving data to an optical fiber/bus switch through a bus interface while performing wireless relay data transmission, and performs uplink transmission through an Ethernet ring network after being encapsulated by data stream IP; the optical fiber/bus switch sorts and unpacks the effective data in the Ethernet ring network according to the IP address of the equipment, and sends the processed data back to each corresponding node through the bus, thereby realizing the bidirectional data exchange between the system and the Ethernet ring network.
Further, the local access cooperative link breakpoint recovery protocol includes: in a wired communication link, an optical fiber/bus switch at a breakpoint detects that Ethernet ring transmission is overtime, and forwards overtime data to a wireless relay station at the breakpoint of the wired link, wherein the wireless relay station takes the overtime data as local data for relay forwarding, each wireless relay station performs local wired transmission request according to original routing information after receiving the forwarded data, and if wired transmission is not overtime, the wireless relay forwarding is not performed; and if the local transmission request is still overtime, continuing to carry out wireless relay forwarding until overtime data is sent to the target node.
Further, the local access cooperative link breakpoint recovery protocol includes: when the wireless link is interrupted, the wireless relay station at the disconnection point detects that the wireless relay data transmission is overtime, and the wireless relay station at the disconnection point of the wireless link does not distinguish whether the wireless relay station is local data or not, the transceiving data of the relay link is uniformly accessed to the optical fiber/bus switch, the switch carries out IP encapsulation according to the equipment address in the data packet, and the Ethernet ring network carries out data transmission of the wired link; and the nodes positioned in the breakpoint area of the wireless link are sorted and unpacked by the accessed optical fiber/bus switch according to the IP addresses of the data packets, distributed to corresponding wireless relay stations and recovered from the original wireless data link transmission.
Further, the voice data is received by adopting a data pool to continuously receive and buffer the voice data stream; when each node receives a voice data packet sent from a wired/wireless link, the voice data packet is not immediately played after being analyzed, and is stored in a play buffer area, and delayed play is carried out by adopting fixed delay time to form a data pool to be played; the data in the buffer area does not distinguish the wired/wireless link source, the data is sorted according to the acquisition sequence label of the voice data packet, and when the voice data stream of any link lags, error codes and packet loss, the data is compensated by the corresponding link data of the buffer area.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wireless relay emergency communication system for a mine.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a wireless relay station according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the spectrum allocation of the wireless relay station according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of spatial multiplexing of a single lane of a frequency division channel according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of spatial multiplexing of a frequency division channel branch lane according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to a mine wireless relay emergency communication system and corresponding drawings.
The mine wireless relay emergency communication system is shown in fig. 1, and mainly comprises:
1. the wireless relay station (101) is a main component of the system, is arranged in an underground electromechanical chamber in advance, is matched with a well-protected radio frequency feeder line and an antenna in a roadway to carry out multi-stage wireless relay data transmission, and provides wireless emergency communication service of voice and important data for a wellhead to a working face; the system has the functions of mounting the redundant base station and the wireless terminal node, receiving and transmitting local voice signals and accessing wired data.
2. A redundant base station (102) which is the same as the wireless relay station equipment, is arranged between the two wireless relay stations and is a redundant part of a system wireless link; when the link is normal, the redundant base station is hung on the previous-stage wireless relay station in a terminal mode and does not participate in data transmission of the relay link; when the preceding-stage wireless relay station fails, the redundant base station mounted on the preceding-stage wireless relay station starts to work immediately, and the function of the preceding-stage wireless relay station is directly replaced with the failed wireless relay station.
3. The wireless terminal node (103) has a structure basically consistent with that of the wireless relay station, adopts a lightweight design, can be carried by underground personnel, and can also be arranged on underground mobile equipment; when the link is normal, the wireless relay station is mounted on a previous wireless relay station and does not participate in relay data forwarding, and the wireless relay station sends the separated terminal data to a wireless terminal node according to a routing protocol to realize terminal service of voice call; when the continuous multi-stage wireless relay station and the redundant base station fail, the wireless terminal node performs bridge recovery on the disconnected wireless link according to a wireless terminal bridge link breakpoint recovery protocol, provides radio navigation information for underground personnel or mobile equipment, and assists in the process.
4. And the bus/optical fiber switch (104) is used for connecting the wireless relay station and the redundant base station into the existing underground Ethernet ring and realizing a link breakpoint recovery protocol of the local wired access cooperative link.
5. The backbone wireless link (105) is a wireless link for information transmission between each wireless relay station, each redundant relay station, and each wireless terminal node.
6. And the wired optical fiber link (106) is an existing Ethernet ring network in the well, and is a wired data link of the ground communication equipment, and each stage of wireless relay station and the redundant base station are accessed into the link through a bus/optical fiber switch.
7. Relay stations and wired/wireless links (107), not shown, represent the service coverage of the mine wireless relay emergency communication system from the wellhead to the working face.
8. The switch (108), the server (109) and the monitoring terminal (110) are existing communication equipment in a ground dispatching room, and are used for collecting voice and data information transmitted from wireless/wired underground in the mine wireless relay emergency communication system, realizing voice communication between the ground dispatching room and underground personnel, and monitoring and configuring various levels of wireless relay stations.
The mine wireless relay emergency communication system is characterized in that a schematic structural diagram of a wireless relay station is shown in fig. 2, and the system mainly comprises:
1. the wireless relay station (201) is a main device of the mine wireless relay emergency communication system, and the redundant base station and the wireless terminal node are basically consistent with the basic structure of the mine wireless relay emergency communication system and are used for limiting the structural range of the wireless relay station in the figure.
2. The local voice signal access unit (202) is used for collecting the voice sent by a user, carrying out coding and compression processing to form a voice data packet, and carrying out decompression and playing on the voice data packet received by the local machine; voice data packets are exchanged with other units in the station by an internal 485 bus (206); when the equipment is a wireless relay station or a redundant base station arranged in the electromechanical chamber, local voice access service can be provided for the interior of the electromechanical chamber; when the device is used as a wireless terminal node, a voice access service of a mobile terminal is provided.
3. The external 485 bus access unit (203) is matched with an underground bus/optical fiber switch (104) to work, the wireless relay station and the redundant base station are accessed into an underground existing Ethernet ring network and used for carrying out data exchange with other units in the machine through an internal 485 bus (206) according to data which are bidirectionally received and transmitted by the bus/optical fiber switch and a local access cooperative link breakpoint recovery protocol.
4. The power management unit (204) is used for protecting and inhibiting interference of input direct current, performing voltage conversion and voltage stabilization and current limitation, and providing reliable power adaptation for each unit module in the equipment; the wireless relay station and the redundant base station are powered by an underground intrinsic safety direct current uninterrupted power supply, and the wireless terminal node is powered by a battery in the equipment.
5. And a relay data transmission bus (205) for exchanging relay data between the CHA/CHB data transmission units (207, 209), which is independent of the internal 485 bus (206), and ensures high-speed low-delay transmission of the relay data.
6. The internal 485 bus (206) is a special data bus inside the wireless relay station, and the link control unit (208) is a control host of the bus and is used for realizing local data exchange and working mode configuration of each unit in the station.
The CHA data transmission unit (207) and the CHB data transmission unit (209) are respectively provided with at least two broadband radio receiving/transmitting machines (210), (211), (214) and (215), access is carried out on a receiving and transmitting channel of a relay/terminal according to a frequency division channel roadway space multiplexing mode, the receiving and transmitting channel is specially used for receiving/transmitting data of a front-stage relay/terminal and a rear-stage relay/terminal in a CHA/CHB frequency band, and a relay link is decoupled into independent subchains; when the channel condition is good, each sub-chain receives and transmits data continuously according to the maximum receiving and transmitting speed of the radio transceiver; the data transmission unit exchanges relay forwarding data, terminal access data and local data according to a routing protocol; wherein, the relay forwarding data of the CHA/CHB frequency range is exchanged by a relay data transmission bus (205); the local machine receives and transmits data, and exchanges data with other modules in the station through an internal 485 bus (206).
8. The link control unit (208) is a core control unit of the wireless relay station, and controls each unit module in the station to exchange data with the local machine through an internal 485 bus (206); the system is provided with two high-sensitivity narrow-band radio transceivers (212) and (213), which respectively correspond to a special link control channel of a CHA/CHB frequency band and adopt a time-sharing access mode; when the channel quality is good, transmitting related signaling of networking and route maintenance; when the channel quality is not enough to satisfy the information bandwidth of the data transmission link, the radio frequency front end unit (228) can disconnect the radio frequency link from the radio transceiver corresponding to the data transmission unit, and only the radio transceiver of the link control unit is accessed into the radio frequency link, at this time, the link control unit can be multiplexed into a relay data transmission function to relay and forward narrowband characters and important data information.
9. The radio frequency front end unit (228), which is a physical radio frequency link of the wireless relay station, is directly controlled by the link control unit (208) and the CHA/CHB data transmission units (207), (209), and mainly comprises: CHA/CHB radio frequency switch groups (216), (217) for selecting a transmitting/receiving mode and a multiplexing mode for a plurality of connected radio transceivers; CHA/CHB radio frequency combiner/power divider (218), (219), (220), (221), realize the multiplexing of the radio frequency channel, change the radio frequency interface of each radio transceiver of data transmission unit and periodic line control unit into the single receiving/transmitting frequency channel; CHA/CHB radio frequency power amplifier and low noise amplifier (222), (224), (225), (227), the receive/transmit direction amplification processing to the radio frequency signal; the link transceiving switches (223), (226) realize the transceiving mode selection of the CHA/CHB link; the duplex filter (229) implements single antenna inter-frequency full duplex transceiving by the base station.
The mine wireless relay emergency communication system is characterized in that a frequency spectrum allocation schematic diagram of a wireless relay station is shown in fig. 3, and the system mainly comprises:
1. the relay station spectrum diagram (301) represents the spectrum allocation principle of the wireless relay station, and the horizontal axis represents signal frequency and the vertical axis represents frequency characteristics of each channel and band filter/duplex filter.
A CHA frequency band (302) and a CHB frequency band (303), which indicate the frequency band range of the CHA/CHB link and are determined by an A/B frequency band filter passband (304); the duplexer and the band filter of the wireless relay station divide a relay link into two independent frequency bands CHA/CHB, and the relay station can perform the inter-frequency full-duplex transceiving; a plurality of frequency sub-channels CHA/B-0-CHA/B-N (N > 3) are divided in the frequency band CHA/CHB, a guard bandwidth is arranged among the sub-channels, and the sub-channels are separated through an intermediate frequency filter of a radio transceiver.
3.A/B frequency band link control special channel CHA-0/CHB-0 (305), two narrow-band high-sensitivity narrow-band radio transceivers (212), (213) corresponding to a link control unit (208), each wireless relay station, redundant base station and mobile terminal node in the link access the channel in a time-sharing way, transmit networking and route maintenance related signaling, and when the link quality is not good, the signaling is multiplexed to relay and forward important data information such as narrow-band characters and the like.
4.A/B frequency band relay/local data transmission channels CHA-1-CHA-1N (N > 3) (306)/CHB-1-CHB-1N (N > 3) (307), a plurality of broadband data transmission radio transceiver (210), (211), (214), (215) corresponding to CHA data transmission unit (207) and CHB data transmission unit (209), for the transmission/reception of the front and rear stage relay/terminal data in CHA/CHB frequency band.
The spatial multiplexing schematic diagram of the single laneway of the frequency division channel of the mine wireless relay emergency communication system is shown in fig. 4, and mainly comprises:
1. relay stations (401-406) with physical position labels of i, i +1, i + 2. I +5 are sequentially arranged in a mine roadway, and the frequency division channel roadway spatial multiplexing mode adopts CHB-1 and 3 transmission and CHA-1 and 3 reception; CHA-1, 2, CHB-1, 2; CHB-2, 3, CHA-2, 3; CHA-1, 3, CHB-1, 3; CHB-1, 2, CHA-1, 2; CHA-2 and 3, CHB-2 and 3 receive and circularly distribute each wireless relay station; two frequency bands CHA and CHB of the wireless relay station are arranged at intervals, and two frequency division sub-channels in the transmission frequency band are used for transmitting data to the front and rear relay stations; two sub-channels within a reception band are set for receiving data from the preceding and succeeding relay stations.
2. The frequency division channel roadway space multiplexing mode is characterized in that the frequency division sub-channels of the relay stations are subjected to cyclic multiplexing of every three stations by utilizing the characteristics of wireless attenuation and limited transmission of a mine roadway, a CHA-1 channel field intensity schematic diagram (407) takes the CHA-1 channel as an example to describe that the CHA-1 channel has interference areas (408) and (409), and under the condition that the wireless transmission distance of each wireless relay station can cover the front and rear two-stage relay stations, the frequency division sub-channels cannot interfere with each other; when the number of the terminal nodes linked by each wireless relay station is fixed, the relay number is decoupled from the number of the frequency division sub-channels required by the system, and the problem of limited frequency division channel resources is effectively solved.
3. The wireless relay station and the redundant base station are fixedly installed, and the frequency division channel roadway space multiplexing mode only needs to be subjected to a distribution process once after equipment engineering installation; when the wireless relay station works normally, the CHA and CHB frequency band receiving/transmitting modes of each wireless relay station and the corresponding relation between each frequency sub-channel and the front-stage and rear-stage relay stations are not changed; and the cooperation of clock synchronization, transceiving time sequence and channel switching with the front-stage and rear-stage relay stations is not required.
The frequency division channel branch roadway spatial multiplexing schematic diagram of the mine wireless relay emergency communication system is shown in fig. 5.
1. The figure shows that the prefix number of the wireless relay link structure (506), (507) and (508) applied to the wireless relay link structure with two branch roadways represents the branch roadway number shown in the figure, and the suffix number represents the installation position number of the base station in the same roadway of each wireless relay station (510).
2. The wireless relay station (502) marked with 1 · i in the figure is positioned at a branch port of a roadway, 4 sub-channels are respectively divided in a CHA/B frequency band for relaying data transmission, wherein CHA/B-4 and CHA/B-5 are respectively used for linking 2 · 1 (504) and 3 · 1 (505) relay stations of two branch roadways, and the rest sub-channels are divided according to a single roadway spatial multiplexing mode and are respectively used for connecting 1 · i-1 (501) and 1 · i +1 (503) relay stations.
The wireless terminal and the redundant relay station of the mine wireless relay emergency communication system adopt the following methods in wireless access and channel allocation when a link is normal:
1. the redundant relay station does not participate in relay link transmission under normal conditions and is used as a terminal node to be mounted on a previous-stage relay station.
2. In order to enable the access of the terminal device not to generate interference on the relay link transmission, a sub-channel independent of the relay data transmission needs to be set in the wireless frequency band of the relay station for accessing the terminal device.
3. The terminal access adopts a frequency division channel time division multiplexing mode, and each frequency division sub-channel used for linking terminal nodes can be accessed into a plurality of wireless terminal devices in a time division mode.
4. Considering the multi-branch tunnel, the number of sub-channels to be divided for each frequency band = the maximum number of branches of the branch tunnel (except the front and back directions of the original tunnel) + the number of frequency division sub-channels for linking the terminal nodes (including redundant relay stations) + the number of spatial multiplexing of the frequency division channel tunnel (fixed value 3) + the dedicated channel for link control (fixed value 1).
The routing address, the routing table and the routing maintenance protocol of the mine wireless relay emergency communication system are realized by the following methods:
1. each wireless relay station, redundant relay station and wireless terminal node in the system have unique equipment numbers and are used for distinguishing each independent equipment, wherein the equipment No. 0 does not exist and is used as a broadcast address, and all nodes need to perform data analysis after receiving a signaling with the equipment number of a receiving party being 0.
2. The wireless relay station and the redundant relay station have unique routing addresses, the specific positions of the wireless relay station and the redundant relay station installed in a roadway are reflected, and the routing addresses are expressed in the following modes: tunnel number-physical location number-device number, where the tunnel number and the routing address with the physical location number of 0 indicate that the device is in an unedited fixed base station or mobile station mode, and the tunnel location where the device is located is not limited.
3. For the wireless relay station and the redundant base station which are fixed in the electromechanical chamber, the routing addresses default to (0-0-equipment number) after the wireless relay station and the redundant base station are produced, and the wireless relay station and the redundant base station are in an unedited fixed base station/terminal mode; after the engineering installation in the roadway is completed, the static routing allocation needs to be carried out in advance to form a global static routing table of the system, the process is carried out once after all base stations are arranged, and after the static routing allocation is carried out on each fixed base station, the local routing address and the global static routing table are solidified and stored, so that information is not lost when power failure occurs. The storage format of the global static routing table is as follows: the base station routing address-the previous base station routing address linked to-the previous base station uplink channel RSSI linked to-the previous base station downlink channel RSSI linked to.
4. For the wireless relay station and the redundant base station which are fixed on the electromechanical chamber, the system is provided with a global/local dynamic routing table besides the global static routing table; the local dynamic routing list reflects the condition of the wireless terminal linked with each base station, and the storage format is as follows: the routing address of the wireless terminal node-the local routing address-the wireless terminal uplink channel RSSI-the wireless terminal downlink channel RSSI.
5. The global dynamic routing table is used for reflecting the link condition of all wireless terminal nodes in the system, and the storage format is as follows: the routing address of the wireless terminal-the routing address of the preceding wireless relay station linked to-the wireless terminal uplink channel RSSI-the wireless terminal downlink channel RSSI; a link source node (a first node at a wellhead) periodically initiates a global routing maintenance signaling to each wireless relay station in a link and updates a global dynamic routing table of each relay station; after the last wireless relay station in each branch tunnel receives the signaling, the dynamic routing table of the local wireless relay station is superposed and returned, and the dynamic routing table is collected to the link source node, so that the periodic routing maintenance of the system is completed.
Claims (13)
1. A mine wireless relay emergency communication system comprises a wireless relay station, a redundant base station and a wireless terminal node; the wireless relay station adopts a wireless link structure with multi-radio frequency full duplex receiving and transmitting, frequency division channel laneway space multiplexing and link control and data transmission separation; the redundant base station is hung on the previous wireless relay station, and the routing protocols of the wireless relay station and the redundant base station adopt a data transparent transmission mode; the system is accessed to the existing mine communication equipment on the ground, is connected with the monitoring terminal and is accessed to the underground Ethernet ring network through the optical fiber/bus switch to form an Ethernet ring network wired communication link; the wireless relay station adopts a plurality of wireless radio frequency units, decomposes a relay link into a plurality of one-to-one subchains, decouples the relay stage number and the frequency division channel number through the space multiplexing of a frequency division channel roadway, and separates a link control channel from a data transmission channel; the routing protocol of the system carries out data exchange by the wireless relay stations at the branch laneway according to the routing table, the rest wireless relay stations only analyze data packet headers to receive local data, and non-local data is directly transmitted in a transparent mode in the extending direction of the laneway; the system adopts a redundant base station link breakpoint recovery protocol, a wireless terminal bridge link breakpoint recovery protocol and a local access cooperative link breakpoint recovery protocol to recover the link breakpoint, when the wired link is interrupted, a wireless relay station and a redundant base station at the broken point of the wired link access the voice data in the Ethernet ring to a relay station through an optical fiber/bus switch, and the voice data is taken as local data to be wirelessly relayed and forwarded.
2. The mine wireless relay emergency communication system of claim 1, wherein: the method for separating the link control and the data transmission comprises the following steps: the wireless relay station adopts a duplexer and a frequency band filter to divide a relay link into two independent frequency bands CHA/CHB for carrying out different-frequency full-duplex transceiving; a plurality of sub-channels CHA/CHB-0-CHA/CHB-N are divided in the frequency band CHA/CHB, N is more than 3, a guard bandwidth is arranged among the sub-channels, and the sub-channels are separated by an intermediate frequency filter of a radio transceiver; the sub-channels comprise a link control dedicated channel and a relay/terminal data transmission channel; the relay station is provided with not less than 6 independent radio transceivers, one of the independent radio transceivers is used for transmitting link control signaling in a frequency band CHA/CHB, and the other independent radio transceivers is used for receiving/transmitting relay/terminal data of nodes at the front stage and the rear stage.
3. The mine wireless relay emergency communication system of claim 1, wherein: the frequency division channel roadway spatial multiplexing mode of the relay link comprises the following steps: according to the physical arrangement sequence of the wireless relay stations in the roadway, CHB-1 and CHB-3 are used for transmitting, and CHA-1 and CHA-3 are used for receiving; CHA-1, 2, CHB-1, 2; CHB-2, 3, CHA-2, 3; CHA-1, 3, CHB-1, 3; CHB-1, 2, CHA-1, 2; performing frequency cycle allocation in a CHA-2 and 3-sending and CHB-2 and 3-receiving mode; allocating new frequency division sub-channels to the wireless relay stations at the branch tunnels according to the number of the branch tunnels, and multiplexing the newly allocated sub-channels according to a spatial relationship among the wireless relay stations at different branch tunnels; when the number of wireless terminal nodes linked by each relay station is fixed, the relay number is decoupled from the number of frequency division sub-channels required by the system.
4. The mine wireless relay emergency communication system of claim 1, wherein: the channel of the data transmission is provided with not less than 4 broadband radio transceivers in each wireless relay station, which are respectively used for receiving/sending the data of the front-stage relay/terminal and the rear-stage relay/terminal in the CHA/CHB frequency band, and the wireless receiving and sending channels of the relay/terminal are accessed according to the channel tunnel spatial multiplexing mode, and the relay link is decoupled into independent subchains; when the channel condition is good, each sub-chain receives and transmits continuous data according to the maximum data receiving and transmitting speed of the radio transceiver and a routing protocol, and parallel data stream exchange is carried out by a digital logic unit in the relay station; the adjacent relay stations receive and transmit control and data transmission are independent.
5. The mine wireless relay emergency communication system of claim 1, wherein: the special channel of the link control is provided with two narrow-band high-sensitivity radio transceivers in each relay station, and a time-sharing access mode is adopted; when the channel quality is good, the link control dedicated channel transmits the related signaling of networking and route maintenance; when the channel quality is not enough to satisfy the information bandwidth of the data transmission link, only the radio transceiver corresponding to the link control dedicated channel is accessed into the radio frequency link, and the radio frequency link is multiplexed into the data transmission link to transmit narrowband characters and important data information.
6. The mine wireless relay emergency communication system of claim 1, wherein: the system divides a link route into an uplink/downlink structure along the extension direction of a mine roadway; the redundant base station is mounted on the previous wireless relay station, and the routing protocol of the wireless relay station and the redundant base station comprises the following steps: when the link is normal, the redundant base station is hung on the previous-stage wireless relay station in a terminal mode and does not participate in data transmission of the relay link; an information source wireless relay station in the system confirms the uplink/downlink position of a target wireless relay station relative to the local machine according to a routing table in a memory, and directly transmits data to a sub chain in the direction of a target transmission path after attaching the equipment number of the target wireless relay station to a data packet header; each level of wireless relay station which is not positioned at the branch road junction performs sliding window filtering on the equipment number of the data packet head, and the data packet which is not received by the local machine is directly transmitted and forwarded to the next level of wireless relay station; when the data packet is forwarded to the wireless relay station at the branch roadway opening, the data packet is forwarded after selecting the corresponding roadway direction according to the routing table; when the target wireless relay station forwards the data stream and the data packet header is the equipment number of the target wireless relay station, carrying out complete data packet receiving and verification, extracting the target data packet from the relay data stream, and releasing the data stream; and after the data packet is checked, feeding back an ACK (acknowledgement) signaling to the front-stage wireless relay station to complete data receiving and transmitting.
7. The mine wireless relay emergency communication system of claim 1, wherein: the redundant base station link breakpoint recovery protocol comprises the following steps: when the wireless link discontinuous node fails, the adjacent wireless relay station checks the original working state of the failed node, and if the failed node is a redundant base station which is hung on a preceding wireless relay station in a terminal mode, the wireless relay station continues normal relay data transmission; if the failure node is a wireless relay station, the redundant base station mounted on the failure wireless relay station immediately starts to work, directly performs function replacement with the failure wireless relay station, the receiving and sending frequency and channel selection of the physical layer of the redundant base station are consistent with those of the original wireless relay station, directly switches over the data stream of the original wireless relay station, sends a route maintenance signaling to a source node of a link, reports the information of the failure base station, and completes route maintenance.
8. The mine wireless relay emergency communication system of claim 1, wherein: the breakpoint recovery protocol of the wireless terminal bridge link comprises the following steps: when a plurality of continuous nodes of a wireless link fail, bridging a link breakpoint by a single or a plurality of mobile terminal nodes; the wireless terminal node at the link breakpoint sends a networking request signaling to the wireless relay station in the link breakpoint area, if the wireless terminal node is successfully handshake-linked with the relay station in the breakpoint area, the previous wireless relay station mounting the wireless terminal node sends a temporary relay signaling to the wireless relay station, the terminal node forwards relay data of a main link, and direct bridging recovery of a single-stage terminal is completed; when a single mobile terminal node cannot directly establish a link with an original relay link within a certain time, the terminal node at the link breakpoint sends a networking request signaling to an adjacent terminal node; after receiving the networking request signaling, each terminal node in the link interruption area carries out networking handshake linkage with the terminal node, attempts to reconnect the original wireless relay station mounting the terminal node, and forwards the signaling and continues networking request if the link cannot be carried out; if the wireless relay station can be effectively linked with the wireless relay station in the breakpoint area, a signaling is returned to the terminal node in the uplink direction from the terminal node in the downlink direction of the link breakpoint until the wireless relay station at the breakpoint in the uplink direction; the wireless relay station sends a temporary relay signaling to the terminal nodes linked with the wireless relay station according to the returned information, and each terminal node carries out bidirectional data transparent transmission and forwarding according to the signaling and resumes data transmission in a communication breakpoint region.
9. The mine wireless relay emergency communication system of claim 1, wherein: the breakpoint recovery protocol of the wireless terminal bridge link comprises the following steps: when the multi-stage terminal nodes still cannot restore the original link, the movable wireless terminal nodes which are near the link breakpoint are close to the area where the link breakpoint is located in a mode of manual movement or autonomous movement of equipment, each movable wireless terminal node firstly determines the section of the roadway where the movable wireless terminal node is located according to the routing information of the linked wireless relay station by inquiring a global routing table, and provides moving direction navigation information for carrying personnel or a mobile device; estimating the basic position of the tunnel section where the mobile wireless terminal node is located according to the signal strength RSSI or the arrival time TOA of the mobile wireless terminal node and the linked wireless relay station, and providing mobile distance navigation information for carrying personnel or mobile devices; and when two or more movable wireless terminal nodes are linked through the route discovery recombination breakpoint, the data of the terminal node pair is transmitted through according to a route protocol, and the bridging recovery of the communication breakpoint is completed.
10. The mine wireless relay emergency communication system of claim 1, wherein: in the wired communication link of the Ethernet ring network, the wireless relay stations are used as terminal equipment and are connected into the underground Ethernet ring network through an optical fiber/bus switch, and the IP of each wireless relay station is distributed by the optical fiber/bus switch; each node in the link transmits locally generated transceiving data to an optical fiber/bus switch through a bus interface while performing wireless relay data transmission, and performs uplink transmission through an Ethernet ring network after being encapsulated by data stream IP; the optical fiber/bus switch sorts and unpacks the effective data in the Ethernet ring network according to the IP address of the equipment, and sends the processed data back to each corresponding node through the bus, thereby realizing the bidirectional data exchange between the system and the Ethernet ring network.
11. The mine wireless relay emergency communication system of claim 1, wherein: the local access cooperative link breakpoint recovery protocol comprises: in a wired communication link, an optical fiber/bus switch at a breakpoint detects that Ethernet ring transmission is overtime, and forwards overtime data to a wireless relay station at the breakpoint of the wired link, wherein the wireless relay station takes the overtime data as local data for relay forwarding, each wireless relay station performs local wired transmission request according to original routing information after receiving the forwarded data, and if wired transmission is not overtime, the wireless relay forwarding is not performed; and if the local transmission request is still overtime, continuing to carry out wireless relay forwarding until overtime data is sent to the target node.
12. The mine wireless relay emergency communication system of claim 1, wherein: the local access cooperative link breakpoint recovery protocol comprises the following steps: when the wireless link is interrupted, the wireless relay station at the disconnection point detects that the wireless relay data transmission is overtime, and the wireless relay station at the disconnection point of the wireless link does not distinguish whether the wireless relay station is local data or not, the transceiving data of the relay link is uniformly accessed to the optical fiber/bus switch, the switch carries out IP encapsulation according to the equipment address in the data packet, and the Ethernet ring network carries out data transmission of the wired link; and the nodes positioned in the breakpoint area of the wireless link are sorted and unpacked by the accessed optical fiber/bus switch according to the IP addresses of the data packets, distributed to corresponding wireless relay stations and recovered from the original wireless data link transmission.
13. The mine wireless relay emergency communication system of claim 1, wherein: the voice data is received by adopting a data pool to continuously receive and buffer a voice data stream; when each node receives a voice data packet sent from a wired/wireless link, the voice data packet is not immediately played after being analyzed, and is stored in a play buffer area, and delayed play is carried out by adopting fixed delay time to form a data pool to be played; the data in the buffer area does not distinguish the wired/wireless link source, the data is sorted according to the acquisition sequence label of the voice data packet, and when the voice data stream of any link lags, error codes and packet loss, the data is compensated by the corresponding link data of the buffer area.
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| CN114499584B (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-10-14 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Mining twisted-pair broadband multiple access multiplexing system |
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| CN116095888B (en) * | 2023-02-03 | 2023-11-07 | 广州市佳启智能科技有限责任公司 | Emergency control method, system, equipment and medium for highway tunnel inspection robot |
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