CN113155642A - Device and method for overturning test piece in rock mass field direct shear test - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and a method for overturning a test piece in a rock mass field direct shear test. The device comprises an upper clamping device and a lower clamping device which are frame-shaped and opposite up and down, wherein the rear side of the lower clamping device is rotatably connected with a front-back telescopic adjustable reaction rod around a left-right extending axis, and a scissor-shaped diagonal draw bar which is arranged on the left side and the right side respectively and is connected with the upper clamping device and the lower clamping device in a sliding manner is connected between the lower clamping device and the upper clamping device. According to the invention, the upper and lower clamping devices and the diagonal draw bar can firmly clamp the test piece, so that the test piece can be conveniently grabbed and stressed when being turned over, and the work of the turning piece becomes lighter and safer; through the supporting effect of the reaction rod between the cave wall rock body and the test piece, the test piece can be prevented from sliding in the overturning process, and the damage to the real situation of the shearing surface is reduced. Therefore, under the action of the device, the device assists workers in overturning the test piece, and the difficulty of overturning the test piece is reduced.

Description

Device and method for overturning test piece in rock mass field direct shear test

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of rock mass field direct shear tests in geotechnical engineering, and particularly relates to a device and a method for overturning a test piece in the rock mass field direct shear test.

Background

The rock mass field direct shear test is a test in which a preset shear surface applies shear force under the action of vertical (normal) compressive stress until a test piece is subjected to shear failure, and mainly comprises three types, namely a concrete and rock mass contact surface direct shear test, a structural surface direct shear test and a rock mass direct shear test. The test aims at measuring the capability of the rock mass to resist shear failure, provides shear strength parameters (friction coefficient and cohesive force) for the stability calculation and analysis of foundation (dam), underground buildings and side slopes, and is an important link in the investigation and design of various projects, particularly large hydraulic engineering.

After the on-site direct shear test of the rock mass is finished, the test piece needs to be turned over, the area of the shear surface is measured, and the damage condition of the shear surface is recorded. However, the test piece adopted in the on-site direct shear test of various types of rock masses consists of the rock mass and a concrete protective shell, the size is more than 50cm multiplied by 35cm (length multiplied by width multiplied by height), and the weight is more than 220 Kg. And, the concrete protective housing of direct shear test piece is pour in the template more, and the surface rule is smooth, and bare-handed difficult gripping is firm. The test piece overturning device has certain difficulty in overturning the test piece without auxiliary tools on site, and usually needs multiple persons to complete the overturning. Once the test piece is out of hand, the operator is easy to be injured by crashing, and certain danger is provided.

In addition, the test piece cannot be completely lifted when the test piece is turned over, the bottom surface of the test piece slides on the shearing surface, the real conditions of the shearing surface, such as the area of the shearing surface, the distribution of scratches, the distribution of chips and the like, are damaged, and the authenticity of a test result is seriously influenced.

Therefore, the invention is urgently needed to invent a device for overturning the test piece in the rock mass field direct shear test, so that the work of overturning the test piece becomes simple, fast, light and safe, the damage condition of the shear surface is not disturbed, the technical improvement of the rock mass field direct shear test is promoted, and more real, accurate and scientific data are provided for reconnaissance design work.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a device for overturning a test piece in a rock mass field direct shear test, which is used for solving the problem of high difficulty in overturning the test piece in the rock mass field direct shear test, and adopts the following technical scheme:

a device for rock mass on-site direct shear test upset test piece, including frame shape and relative upper and lower layer folder device, the lower floor folder device rear side is connected with flexible adjustable reaction rod around the axis rotation of extending about, is connected with the fork shape diagonal draw bar of the upper and lower both ends sliding connection that sets up separately in the left and right sides between lower floor folder device and the upper folder device.

Preferably, the upper layer clamping device and the lower layer clamping device are both rectangular frame structures.

Preferably, the upper clamping device and the lower clamping device both comprise a rotating shaft extending left and right and two longitudinal beams connected in a left-right sliding mode, the two longitudinal beams are located in front of the rotating shaft, a cross beam extending left and right is lapped between front sections of the two longitudinal beams, a cross beam distance adjusting groove which is located at a lapping position, extends left and right and is communicated up and down is formed in the cross beam, a longitudinal beam distance adjusting groove which is formed in the longitudinal beam, extends front and back and is communicated up and down is formed in the lower portion of the cross beam distance adjusting groove, and a fixing bolt assembly penetrates between the longitudinal beam distance adjusting groove and the cross beam distance adjusting groove.

Preferably, two ends of the rotating shaft are respectively fixed with a rotating shaft cap blocked at the opposite back sides of the two cross beams.

Preferably, the diagonal draw bar comprises two diagonal draw bars which are mutually crossed and in an X shape, two ends of the two diagonal draw bars are respectively fixed with a sliding bolt, and the sliding bolts are inserted into sliding grooves formed in the longitudinal beam of the upper layer clamping device and the longitudinal beam of the lower layer clamping device in a sliding manner along the front-back direction.

Preferably, a lifting seat is fixed in the middle of a rotating shaft of the upper clamping device, a lifting rod rotating cylinder is fixed in the middle of a rotating shaft of the lower clamping device, a lifting rod is connected between the lifting rod rotating cylinder and the lifting seat, and the lifting rod is connected with a hand wheel lifting mechanism which is arranged on the lifting seat and controls the lifting seat to move up and down under the drive of a hand wheel.

Preferably, the front end of the reaction rod is connected with a rotary drum which is rotatably connected to the rear side of the lower-layer clamping device around an axis extending from left to right, the front end of the reaction rod is coaxially connected with a telescopic screw rod, and the front end of the telescopic screw rod is fixedly provided with a spherical crown-shaped reaction seat.

The invention also aims to provide a method for overturning the test piece in the rock mass field direct shear test by applying the device, which adopts the following technical scheme:

the method for overturning the test piece in the rock mass field direct shear test comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps of (1) fixing a frame-shaped upper clamping device on the top of a test piece in a sleeved mode, fixing a frame-shaped lower clamping device connected with the upper clamping device through a scissor-fork-shaped diagonal draw bar on the bottom of the test piece in a sleeved mode, and extending a counter force rod hinged to the rear side of the lower clamping device to a position abutting against a wall rock body; then, the test piece is turned over by taking the hinge position of the lower layer clamping device and the reaction rod as a hinge point.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the invention, the upper and lower clamping devices and the diagonal draw bar can firmly clamp the test piece, so that the test piece can be conveniently grabbed and stressed when being turned over, and the work of the turning piece becomes lighter and safer; through the supporting effect of the reaction rod between the cave wall rock body and the test piece, the test piece can be prevented from sliding in the overturning process, and the damage to the real situation of the shearing surface is reduced. Therefore, under the action of the device, the device assists workers in overturning the test piece, and the difficulty of overturning the test piece is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device for overturning the test piece in the rock mass field direct shear test of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a rear view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a lower clip assembly of the apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an upper clip device of the apparatus of the present invention.

In the figure:

1. a test piece; 2. An upper layer longitudinal beam; 3. an upper layer chute; 4. a sliding bolt; 5. a lower layer stringer; 6. a diagonal member; 7. a lower layer chute; 8. a lifting rod; 9. a middle fixing bolt; 10. a lower layer rotating shaft; 11. a reaction rod; 12. a telescopic screw; 13. a counter-force seat; 14. an upper right rotating shaft; 15. a lift valve; 16. an upper left rotating shaft; 17. a lifting seat; 18. a lifter drum; 19. a lower layer beam; 20. a lower-layer beam distance adjusting groove; 21. a lower layer longitudinal beam distance adjusting groove; 22. a transverse and longitudinal beam fixing bolt; 23. a spindle cap; 24. a longitudinal beam drum; 25. a counter-force rod drum; 26. an upper layer beam; 27. an upper-layer beam distance adjusting groove; 28. and the distance adjusting groove of the upper layer longitudinal beam.

Detailed Description

The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.

Example 1

The embodiment of the invention provides a device for overturning a test piece in a rock mass field direct shear test, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight as shown in figures 1 to 4: lower floor's folder device, upper strata folder device still include:

the diagonal draw device comprises a plurality of diagonal draw bars 6, a plurality of diagonal draw bar sliding bolts 4 and a plurality of diagonal draw bar middle fixing bolts 9, is arranged between the lower layer clamping device and the upper layer clamping device, is used for transmitting force when the test piece 1 is overturned, and ensures that the upper layer clamping device and the lower layer clamping device firmly fix the test piece 1 without slipping;

elevating gear includes: a lifting rod 8, a lifting seat 17 and a lifting valve 15, wherein the lifting device is used for adjusting the position of the upper clamping device;

the supporting device comprises a reaction rod 11, a telescopic screw 12 and a reaction seat 13, and is used for providing reaction force when the test piece 1 is overturned so that the test piece 1 does not slide;

the rotating device comprises a lower-layer rotating shaft 10, an upper-layer right rotating shaft 14, an upper-layer left rotating shaft 16, a lifting rod rotating cylinder 18, a rotating shaft cap 23, a longitudinal beam rotating cylinder 24 and a counterforce rod rotating cylinder 25, and is used for connecting the upper-layer clamping device, the lower-layer clamping device and the lifting device with the supporting device so as to rotate around a shaft, so that the test piece 1 can be turned over;

the device realizes the clamping of test piece upper portion and lower part through upper and lower layer folder device, and when the upset test piece, be convenient for catch and exert oneself, make the work of turning over a work change more high-efficient and safety.

The lifting device can adjust the distance between the upper and lower clamping device parts, and the length and the width of the upper and lower clamping devices can be freely adjusted, so that the test piece overturning device has stronger adaptability.

The supporting device can provide counter force when the test piece is turned over, and the situation that the test piece is damaged due to the fact that the shear surface slides before being lifted is prevented.

The rotating device can rotate around the shaft when the test piece is turned over, and the supporting device provides a fulcrum, so that the test piece can be turned over more efficiently.

Above-mentioned technical scheme can be when realizing traditional upset test piece process, can be suitable for not unidimensional test piece, improves a efficiency, reduces the destruction to the shear plane condition of turning over.

Example 2

On the basis of example 1, as shown in fig. 3;

the lower clip device comprises: the lower longitudinal beam fixing device comprises a lower longitudinal beam 5, a lower sliding chute 7, a lower cross beam 19, a lower longitudinal beam distance adjusting groove 21, a lower cross beam distance adjusting groove 20 and a transverse longitudinal beam fixing bolt 22;

the lower-layer longitudinal beam distance adjusting groove 21 is positioned at the outer end of the lower-layer longitudinal beam 5, is positioned inside the lower-layer longitudinal beam 5, and enables the upper surface and the lower surface of the lower-layer longitudinal beam 5 to be communicated with each other so as to adjust the length of the lower-layer clamping device;

the lower-layer beam distance-adjusting grooves 20 are positioned at two ends of the lower-layer beam 19, are arranged inside the lower-layer beam 19, and enable the upper surface and the lower surface of the lower-layer beam 19 to be communicated with each other so as to adjust the width of the lower-layer clamping device;

the lower sliding chute 7 is positioned in the middle of the lower longitudinal beam 5 and is arranged inside the lower cross beam 19, so that the left surface and the right surface of the lower cross beam 19 are communicated, and when the distance between the upper clamping device and the lower clamping device is changed, the diagonal draw bar sliding bolt 4 can freely slide in the lower sliding chute 7;

the two lower-layer longitudinal beams 5 and the lower-layer cross beam 19 penetrate through the lower-layer longitudinal beam distance adjusting grooves 21 and the lower-layer cross beam distance adjusting grooves 20 through the transverse longitudinal beam fixing bolts 22 to be fixed, and the bottom of the test piece 1 is fixed through connection with the rotating device;

the working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: the end parts of the lower-layer longitudinal beam and the lower-layer cross beam are provided with distance adjusting grooves, and the length and the width of the lower-layer clamping device can be adjusted through the movement of the distance adjusting grooves, so that the lower-layer clamping device is suitable for test pieces of different sizes. After the positions of the lower-layer longitudinal beam and the lower-layer cross beam are determined, the longitudinal beam and the cross beam are fixed through the longitudinal beam fixing bolt, so that the bottom of the test piece is restrained, and when the test piece is overturned, the bottom of the test piece can be overturned together with the overturning of the lower-layer clamping piece device. In addition, the lower layer sliding groove can enable the inclined pull rod sliding bolt to slide in the track of the inclined pull rod sliding bolt, and stretching and folding of the inclined pull rod are achieved.

Example 3

On the basis of example 1, as shown in fig. 4;

the upper clip device includes: the upper longitudinal beam 2, the upper sliding groove 3, the upper cross beam 26, the upper longitudinal beam distance-adjusting groove 28, the upper cross beam distance-adjusting groove 27 and the transverse longitudinal beam fixing bolt 22;

the upper-layer longitudinal beam distance adjusting groove 28 is positioned at the outer end of the upper-layer longitudinal beam 2, is positioned inside the upper-layer longitudinal beam 2, and enables the upper surface and the lower surface of the upper-layer longitudinal beam 2 to be communicated, so that the length of the upper-layer clamping device can be adjusted;

the upper layer beam distance-adjusting grooves 27 are located at two ends of the upper layer beam 26, are located inside the upper layer beam 26, and enable the upper layer beam 26 to penetrate through from top to bottom, and are used for adjusting the width of the upper layer clamping device;

the upper sliding groove 3 is positioned in the middle of the upper longitudinal beam 2 and is arranged inside the upper cross beam 26, so that the left surface and the right surface of the upper cross beam 26 are communicated, and when the distance between the upper clamping device and the lower clamping device is changed, the diagonal draw bar sliding bolt 4 can freely slide in the upper sliding groove 3;

the two upper-layer longitudinal beams 2 and the upper-layer cross beam 26 penetrate through the upper-layer longitudinal beam distance adjusting grooves 28 and the upper-layer cross beam distance adjusting grooves 27 through the transverse longitudinal beam fixing bolts 22 to be fixed, and the top of the test piece 1 is fixed through connection with the rotating device;

the working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: the end parts of the upper longitudinal beam and the upper cross beam are provided with distance adjusting grooves, and the length and the width of the upper clamping device can be adjusted through the movement of the distance adjusting grooves, so that the device is suitable for test pieces with different sizes. After the positions of the upper longitudinal beam and the upper cross beam are determined, the longitudinal beam and the upper cross beam are fixed through the longitudinal beam fixing bolt, so that the top of the test piece is restrained, and when the test piece is overturned, the top of the test piece can be overturned together with the overturning of the upper clamping piece device. In addition, the upper layer of sliding groove can enable the sliding bolt of the diagonal draw bar to slide in the track, so that the extension and the folding of the diagonal draw bar are realized.

Example 4

On the basis of any of examples 1 to 3, as shown in FIG. 1;

the cable-stayed device comprises: the diagonal draw bar 6, the diagonal draw bar sliding bolt 4 and the diagonal draw bar middle fixing bolt 9;

every two of the four diagonal draw bars 6 are taken as a group and are respectively positioned at the left side and the right side of the test piece 1, and the middle parts of the two diagonal draw bars 6 are connected through a diagonal draw bar middle fixing bolt 9 to form an X-shaped structure, so that the stretching and the folding can be realized;

the end parts of the two diagonal draw bars 6 respectively penetrate through the upper layer sliding groove 3 and the lower layer sliding groove 7 through the diagonal draw bar sliding bolts 4 to be connected, and when the distance between the upper layer clamping device and the lower layer clamping device is changed, the sliding bolts 4 can freely slide in the lower layer sliding groove 7 and the upper layer sliding groove 3, so that the diagonal draw bars 6 can be freely folded;

the working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: if only the lower clamping device is utilized to restrain the bottom of the test piece, when the test piece is turned over, the friction force between the longitudinal beam of the lower clamping device and the test piece is not enough to turn the test piece, and the lower clamping device cannot play a role in restraining the bottom of the test piece. Therefore, an upper clamping device is needed to be added, when the test piece is turned, the lifting rod of the lifting device can be rotated to turn the upper clamping device and the lower clamping device, and then the test piece is turned. But because the weight of the test piece is larger, the strength of the lifting rod of the lifting device is not enough to meet the requirement. Therefore, the upper clamping device can be used as a force application point to share a part of force for the lifting rod of the lifting device. The clamping device on the upper layer and the clamping device on the lower layer can be fixed by adding the diagonal pulling device, so that the test piece can be turned over along with the clamping devices on the upper layer and the lower layer, and meanwhile, part of force on the clamping devices on the upper layer can be transmitted to the clamping devices on the lower layer, so that the stress distribution of the whole piece turning device is uniform, and the size and the weight of the device are reduced.

In addition, because the height of each test piece is different, the distance between the upper clamping device and the lower clamping device needs to be adjusted, the angle of the two diagonal draw bars is required to be changed together, and the diagonal draw bar frame can be freely stretched and folded through the upper sliding groove, the lower sliding groove, the diagonal draw bar sliding bolt and the diagonal draw bar middle fixing bolt.

Example 5

On the basis of any of examples 1 to 3, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 2;

the lifting device comprises: the lifting rod 8, the lifting seat 17 and the lifting valve 15;

the lifting rod 8 is a cuboid steel column, and one surface of the lifting rod is provided with a tooth socket;

the lifting seat 17 is a rectangular sleeve, one surface of the lifting seat is provided with a tooth groove, the lifting seat 17 can be sleeved in the lifting rod 8, the tooth grooves are meshed, the lifting seat 17 can slide up and down on the lifting rod 8 by rotating the lifting valve 15, and the lifting seat 17 can be fixed when sliding to a certain position;

the working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: the lifting rod and the lifting seat are rectangular, the size of the lifting rod is equivalent, the lifting seat can be just sleeved in the lifting rod, and tooth grooves of the lifting rod and the lifting seat are meshed, so that the upper clamping device can be lifted to different positions through rotation of the lifting valve, the upper clamping device can be fixed, and the upper clamping device is guaranteed not to slide down any more, and the lifting rod and the lifting seat are suitable for test pieces with different heights.

Example 6

On the basis of any one of embodiments 1 to 4, as shown in FIG. 1;

the support device includes: a reaction rod 11, a telescopic screw 12 and a reaction seat 13;

the reaction rod 11 is a hollow cylinder, the section of the reaction rod is circular, and the inner wall of the reaction rod is provided with threads;

the telescopic screw 12 is a solid cylinder, the outer wall of the telescopic screw is provided with threads, the outer diameter of the telescopic screw 12 is the same as the inner diameter of the reaction rod 11, and the telescopic screw 12 can be screwed into the reaction rod 11 through rotation so as to adjust the length of the reaction rod 11;

the counter-force seat 13 is a spherical shell and is connected with the telescopic screw 12 through a spherical hinge, so that the direction of the counter-force seat 13 can be freely adjusted;

after the reaction rod 11, the telescopic screw 12 and the reaction seat 13 are sequentially connected, the reaction seat 13 is supported on the underground wall, and the test piece 1 is propped against without sliding when the test piece 1 is turned over;

the working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: in the traditional test piece overturning process, because the rear part of the test piece is not supported, the bottom edge of the test piece needs to be propped against the shear surface when the test piece is overturned, and the bottom edge of the test piece slides along the shear surface when the test piece is overturned, so that the difficulty of overturning the test piece is increased, and the damage to the true condition of the shear surface is also caused. Therefore, a supporting device is required to be added to solve the above problems. The length between the reaction rod and the telescopic screw rod can be adjusted through the rotation of the threads so as to adapt to different chamber wall distances. The telescopic screw rod is connected with the reaction seat through the spherical hinge, and the stress direction of the reaction seat can be flexibly adjusted to adapt to different field conditions. The counter-force seat is a spherical shell, the area of the bottom surface is increased, and the pressure born by the counter-force seat is reduced.

Example 7

On the basis of any of examples 1 to 6, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 4;

the rotating device includes: a lower layer rotating shaft 10, an upper layer right rotating shaft 14, an upper layer left rotating shaft 16, a lifting rod rotating cylinder 18, a rotating shaft cap 23, a longitudinal beam rotating cylinder 24 and a reaction rod rotating cylinder 25;

the lower layer rotating shaft 10 is used for connecting the lower layer clamping device, the supporting device and the lifting device, so that the lower layer clamping device, the supporting device and the lifting device rotate around the same shaft to turn over the test piece 1;

the two reaction rod rotating drums 25, the two lower-layer clamping device longitudinal beam rotating drums 24 and the lifting rod 8 rotating drum are respectively sleeved in the lower-layer rotating shaft 10, the two reaction rod rotating drums 25 are respectively welded and fixed with the two reaction rods 11, so that the two reaction rods 11 rotate around the lower-layer rotating shaft 10, the two lower-layer clamping device longitudinal beam rotating drums 24 are respectively welded and fixed with the two lower-layer clamping device longitudinal beams, so that the two lower-layer clamping device longitudinal beams rotate around the lower-layer rotating shaft 10, and the lifting rod rotating drum 18 is welded and fixed with the lifting rod 8, so that the lifting rod 8 rotates around the lower-layer rotating shaft 10;

the upper-layer right rotating shaft 14 and the upper-layer left rotating shaft 16 are respectively welded on two sides of the lifting seat 17 and ascend or descend together with the lifting seat 17 on the same axis;

the two upper-layer clamping device longitudinal beam rotary drums 24 are respectively sleeved in the upper-layer right rotary shaft 14 and the upper-layer left rotary shaft 16, and the two upper-layer clamping device longitudinal beam rotary drums 24 are respectively welded and fixed with the two upper-layer clamping device longitudinal beams, so that the two upper-layer clamping device longitudinal beams respectively rotate around the upper-layer right rotary shaft 14 and the upper-layer left rotary shaft 16;

the four rotating shaft caps 23 are screwed into two ends of the lower rotating shaft 10, the right end of the upper right rotating shaft 14 and the left end of the upper left rotating shaft 16 through threads respectively, so that the rotating cylinders are prevented from sliding out of the rotating shafts;

the working principle and the beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: the lower layer clamping piece device, the supporting device and the lifting device all use the lower layer rotating shaft as a rotating shaft, so that the acting force and the reacting force are mutually offset on the lower layer rotating shaft when the test piece is turned over, and the test piece is ensured not to slide. The longitudinal beam rotary drums are all sleeved on the rotary shaft and can move left and right, and the length and the width of the upper and lower layer clamping device are adjusted by matching with the distance adjusting grooves at the end parts of the longitudinal beam and the transverse beam. The rotating shaft caps are fixed at the end parts of the rotating shafts, and can be installed and removed along with the rotation of the rotating shaft caps. The diameter of the rotating shaft cap is larger than that of the rotating shaft, so that the rotating drum on the rotating shaft is prevented from sliding out. Because the upper clamping device needs to ascend and descend along with the lifting seat, and the lifting seat needs to be sleeved in the lifting rod, the upper rotating shaft needs to be divided into two sections, namely, the upper right rotating shaft and the upper left rotating shaft are respectively welded on the left side and the right side of the lifting seat.

On the basis of the combination of the above embodiments 1 to 7, the specific operation steps are as follows:

(a) debugging device

Due to the limitation of transportation and carrying conditions, the device can be disassembled into various parts to be transported to a test site, and debugging and installation are carried out according to the figures 1-4 after the parts arrive at the site. Before the upper clamping device and the lower clamping device are installed, the length and the width of the test piece 1 to be overturned are measured, and therefore the position of the cross beam and longitudinal beam fixing bolt 22 in the distance adjusting groove is determined. After the sizes of the upper clamping device and the lower clamping device are adjusted, the lifting valve 15 is rotated to enable the upper clamping device and the lower clamping device to be tightly attached together, so that the devices can be sleeved into the test piece 1 conveniently.

(b) Clamp test piece

After the device is debugged, the whole device is lifted, and the upper layer clamping device and the lower layer clamping device are sleeved into the test piece 1 from the top of the test piece 1. In step (a), in order to facilitate the sheathing of the test piece 1 by the upper and lower clamping devices, the two devices are slightly larger than the test piece 1. In addition, because the upper clamping device still needs to move upwards, the lower cross beam 19 and the lower longitudinal beam 5 of the lower clamping device should be adjusted in position, so that the bottom of the test piece 1 is firmly clamped after the cross beam fixing bolt 22 passes through the distance adjusting groove to fix the cross beam.

Then, the lifting valve 15 is rotated to lift the upper clamping device to the top of the test piece 1, at this time, the sliding bolt 4 of the diagonal draw device slides inwards along the upper sliding chute 3 and the lower sliding chute 7 respectively, and the diagonal draw bar 6 is pulled open. And then adjusting the positions of the upper-layer cross beam 26 and the upper-layer longitudinal beam 2, so that the top of the test piece 1 is firmly clamped after the transverse and longitudinal beam passes through the distance adjusting groove to be fixed by the transverse and longitudinal beam fixing bolt 22.

Finally, the telescopic screw 12 is rotated to adjust the length of the reaction rod 11, so that the reaction seat 13 can just support the cave wall rock mass. Because the cave wall rock mass is uneven, the rock mass at the supporting position of the counter-force seat 13 can be leveled before the supporting device is installed, and the counter-force seat 13 is guaranteed to be firmly supported. After the position of the reaction seat 13 is fixed, the telescopic screw 12 is rotated again by a tool such as a wrench, so that the reaction seat 13 is in close contact with the cave wall rock mass without leaving a gap. However, it should be noted that the rotation of the telescopic screw 12 should not be excessive, so as to ensure that the reaction force provided by the reaction seat 13 is not enough to push the test piece 1 away, so as to destroy the shear plane.

(c) Upset test piece

After the test piece 1 is clamped firmly and the supporting device is fixed, the test piece 1 starts to turn over. When the test piece 1 is turned over, the left end and the right end of the upper-layer cross beam 26 are held, and the test piece 1 is turned over backwards, namely in the direction of the reaction rod 11, so that the test piece 1 is turned over by 180 degrees. At this time, the upper and lower shearing planes are perpendicular to each other, and the failure of the shearing plane can be described.

(d) Reset test piece

After the shear plane failure condition is described, the left end and the right end of the upper-layer cross beam 26 are still held, the test piece 1 is turned forwards, namely in the shear plane direction, and the test piece 1 is turned 180 degrees for resetting.

(e) Dismantling device

After the test piece 1 is reset, the fixing bolts 22 of the transverse and longitudinal beams of the upper clamping device and the lower clamping device are loosened, and the transverse beam and the longitudinal beam are loosened to leave a certain gap between the devices and the test piece 1. The lifting valve 15 is rotated to make the upper clamping device fall down to be contacted with the lower clamping device, at the moment, the sliding bolt 4 of the diagonal pulling device slides outwards along the upper sliding groove 3 and the lower sliding groove 7 respectively, and the diagonal pulling rod 6 is folded. Then, the telescopic screw 12 is rotated to release the supporting device. And finally, lifting the whole piece turning device, and removing the piece turning device from the test piece 1 to complete the turning work of the whole test piece.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: through strutting arrangement, can prevent that the test piece from overturning in-process from sliding, reduce the destruction to the shear plane true condition. Through upper and lower layer folder device and draw the device to one side, can press from both sides the test piece jail, when the upset test piece, be convenient for hold in touch with exert oneself, make the work of turning over a work change more lightly and safely. Through elevating gear, can adjust the distance of upper and lower floor's folder device finished piece for this upset test piece device can be applicable to the test piece of co-altitude not. In addition, the length and the width of the upper and lower layer clamping device can be freely adjusted, so that the test piece overturning device is higher in adaptability.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims (8)

1. A device for overturning a test piece in a rock mass field direct shear test is characterized by comprising an upper clamping device and a lower clamping device which are frame-shaped and opposite up and down, wherein the rear side of the lower clamping device is rotatably connected with a front-back telescopic adjustable reaction rod around a left-right extending axis, and a scissor-shaped diagonal draw bar which is arranged on the left side and the right side respectively and is connected with the upper end and the lower end in a sliding manner is connected between the lower clamping device and the upper clamping device.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the upper and lower clip means are each rectangular frame structures.

3. The device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the upper and lower clamping devices each include a left and right extending shaft and two longitudinal beams slidably connected to the shaft, the longitudinal beams are located in front of the shaft, a left and right extending beam is connected between front sections of the longitudinal beams, a left and right extending beam distance adjusting slot is formed in the beam and extends left and right and vertically, a longitudinal beam distance adjusting slot is formed in the beam and extends front and back and vertically, and a fixing bolt assembly is inserted between the longitudinal beam distance adjusting slot and the longitudinal beam distance adjusting slot.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the two ends of the shaft are fixed with shaft caps respectively, which are blocked at the opposite sides of the two beams.

5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the diagonal members comprise two diagonal members crossing each other to form an X-shape, and sliding bolts are fixed to both ends of the two diagonal members, respectively, and slidably inserted into sliding grooves formed in the longitudinal members of the upper and lower clamping members in the front-rear direction.

6. The device as claimed in claim 3, wherein a lifting base is fixed in the middle of the rotating shaft of the upper clamping device, a lifting rod drum is fixed in the middle of the rotating shaft of the lower clamping device, a lifting rod is connected between the lifting rod drum and the lifting base, and the lifting rod is connected with a hand wheel lifting mechanism which is arranged on the lifting base and controls the lifting base to move up and down under the drive of a hand wheel.

7. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the front end of the reaction rod is connected with a rotary drum which is rotatably connected to the rear side of the lower clamping device around a left-right extending axis, the front end of the reaction rod is coaxially connected with a telescopic screw rod, and a spherical crown-shaped reaction seat is fixed at the front end of the telescopic screw rod.

8. The method for overturning the test piece in the rock mass field direct shear test is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

the method comprises the following steps of (1) fixing a frame-shaped upper clamping device on the top of a test piece in a sleeved mode, fixing a frame-shaped lower clamping device connected with the upper clamping device through a scissor-fork-shaped diagonal draw bar on the bottom of the test piece in a sleeved mode, and extending a counter force rod hinged to the rear side of the lower clamping device to a position abutting against a wall rock body; then, the test piece is turned over by taking the hinge position of the lower layer clamping device and the reaction rod as a hinge point.

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