CN113155106B

CN113155106B - Long-route bathymetric survey method and system

Info

Publication number: CN113155106B
Application number: CN202110514109.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 肖春桥; 王洪超; 布如源; 张旺; 赵晟
Original assignee: Qingdao Huanhai Offshore Engineering Survey And Research Institute Co ltd
Current assignee: Qingdao Huanhai Offshore Engineering Survey And Research Institute Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-05-12
Filing date: 2021-05-12
Publication date: 2022-11-08
Anticipated expiration: 2041-05-12
Also published as: CN113155106A

Abstract

The invention discloses a long-route bathymetric survey method and a long-route bathymetric survey system, wherein the long-route bathymetric survey method comprises the following steps: the first step, dividing the route into at least two segments; secondly, putting a tide gauge in the subsection, and measuring by the tide gauge; thirdly, after the sectional measurement is finished, recovering the tide gauge, exporting data of the tide gauge and processing the data; fourthly, repeating the second step and the third step until all the subsections are completely measured, and exporting and processing data of the tide gauge; fifthly, unifying the sea level of the tide gauge data of each segment to an elevation datum plane to complete the water depth measurement of the long route; the measuring method comprises the steps of dividing a route into a plurality of sections and measuring in sections; after each section of measurement is finished, the tide gauge data processing is carried out in time, the quality of the water depth and tide data is checked, the efficiency and the quality of the water depth measurement are greatly improved, and the consistency of the water depth measurement data is improved.

Description

Long-route bathymetric survey method and system

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ocean surveying, and relates to a long-route water depth surveying method and a long-route water depth surveying system.

Background

Routing refers to submarine cable pipeline routing, including submarine cables and submarine pipelines. The submarine cable is a cable laid on the seabed for communication and power transmission. Submarine cables include submarine optical cables, submarine power transmission cables, and the like; a subsea pipeline is a tubular installation laid on the seabed for transporting water, gas, oil or other substances.

The long route is a route which cannot be controlled by the tide station, if the tide station is arranged on the shore, the route is long when the length of the route is more than 20km, and if the tide station is arranged in the middle of the route, the route is long when the length of the route is more than 40 km.

In recent years, no matter in marine environmental protection upgrading comprehensive treatment or atmospheric environmental protection requirements, offshore power is used for replacing offshore self-power supply, or communication connection is established in an offshore three-dimensional monitoring network, and laid submarine composite cables, particularly main cables are very long and are not uncommon larger than 150 km. In addition, some large oil fields far off shore are found in succession, and very long oil/gas transportation landing pipelines are required to be laid.

However, during these long-route surveys, a significant problem has been found to be the consistency of the water depth data. The key problem of the water depth consistency is tide correction, and sufficient tide data are needed to correct the water depth so as to ensure the seamless connection of the water depths measured at different times. One tide station can control water depth data with the radius of about 20km, but in the actual operation process, only four tide stations are possibly arranged for one route with the length of 150km, one tide station is arranged at the shore, one route terminal is arranged, and two route stations are uniformly arranged in the middle. The control range of the tidal station in the middle is about 27.5km, which is more than 20km, if the tidal station is in an open sea area, the tidal station can control the tidal station, and if the tidal station is in a tidal environment, the tidal station cannot control the radius range of 27.5 km. If a tide station is added, another problem is involved, the thrown tide buoy is very easy to lose, and the probability of losing the tide buoy is very high in offshore areas due to the fact that long route survey time is generally more than one month. This is why the tide-checking stations must be installed on the shore and at the route terminal (platform in general), and the tide-checking subsurface buoy and tide-checking instrument cannot be lost.

Therefore, when the tide is tested by arranging the tide-testing subsurface buoy before the long-route measurement, the number of designed tide-testing stations may be insufficient due to the problem that the tide-testing subsurface buoy is lost, but the probability that the subsurface buoy is lost is very high due to the long-route measurement time. In a tidal environment, the number of tidal stations should be increased as much as possible, and the increase of tidal stations causes more tidal stations to be lost.

At present, the traditional long route bathymetry method is as follows: firstly, before measurement begins, a submerged buoy (generally a steel iron frame) is customized, a tide checking device is fixedly installed, a hydrological environment is integrated, and the position of a tide checking station is determined; then, the measuring ship or other ships can put the submerged buoy at a specified position, and a positioning mark is marked on navigation software, so that later salvaging is facilitated, and the measuring ship starts to operate; finally, after the measurement is completed, a diver is hired to salvage and recover the submerged buoy, and if the submerged buoy is not moved or damaged, the submerged buoy can be recovered.

The traditional measuring method is to arrange the tide station by using an oil platform. Laying the offshore tide station in the Caifen county oil field, the Qinhuang 32-6 oil field and the NB35-2 oil field; as shown in fig. 7, three tidal stations T1 and T3 are offshore, but since the T2 station is placed on an NB35-2 oilfield platform, although it is also possible to recover the tidal instrument, the circle and the oval circle represent the control range of the tidal station, the circle has a diameter of 20km, the oval circle has a long axis length of 40km and a short axis length of 20km, but the control range of the T1 and T2 stations is not connected on the route, and there is a gap of several kilometers in the middle, which results in poor data correction of the route water depth outside the control range, and the water depth of the adjacent water depth strips measured at different times is difficult to connect. And the three tide checking stations are required to be arranged on the platform before measurement, are recovered uniformly after the measurement is finished, and then return to the indoor to process the water depth data in a centralized manner, so that the indoor working pressure is huge, the construction period is prolonged, and once the tide correction is poor or the water depth data is poor, the tide correction cannot be recovered.

Therefore, the traditional long-route bathymetry method mainly has the following problems:

1. the recovery rate of the tide detecting subsurface buoy is low. The proportion of submerged buoy placed in offshore operation is very high, three submerged buoy are often placed, and only one submerged buoy can be found out. The main reasons are as follows: the offshore fishery activities are frequent, and the submerged buoy is dragged away or moved; or the submerged buoy is still on the sea floor, but once away from the position at launch, it is not searchable by divers.

2. The tide gauge subsurface buoy has high manufacturing cost. Due to long-term placement on the sea floor, submerged buoy is required to be corrosion resistant and heavy in weight. The labor and material costs for release and recovery are high. Once the tide-checking subsurface buoy is lost, tide-checking equipment and the subsurface buoy installed on the tide-checking subsurface buoy are lost, and the loss is large.

3. And the consistency of the water depth data cannot be ensured in the later-stage water depth data processing. Because the recovery rate of the subsurface buoy is low, no real test bit data exists, the water depth processing can only be realized by prediction, and the following consequences are realized: if the water depth data measured at different times for adjacent strips differ very much, the consistency of the water depth data will be very poor even if the water depth difference is 1m.

For this reason, a new approach is needed to solve the long route bathymetry problem.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a long-route bathymetric survey method and a long-route bathymetric survey system, which are used for solving the problem of water depth data consistency existing in the long-route bathymetry in the prior art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the invention discloses a water depth measuring method for a long route, which comprises the following steps:

the first step, dividing the route into at least two segments;

step two, putting a tide gauge in the subsection, and measuring by the tide gauge;

thirdly, after the sectional measurement is finished, recovering the tide gauge, exporting data of the tide gauge and processing the data;

fourthly, repeating the second step and the third step until all the sections are completely measured, and exporting and processing the data of the tide gauge;

and fifthly, unifying the sea level of the tide gauge data of each segment to an elevation datum plane to complete the long-route water depth measurement.

Preferably, in the second step, the tide gauge is thrown at the center of the segment.

Preferably, in the second step, when the tide gauge is launched in a subsection manner, after the ship AIS system displays the tide gauge, the tide gauge starts to measure.

Preferably, in the second step, the working state of the tide gauge is monitored in real time on the ship AIS system.

Preferably, in the second step, before each of the sectional measurements, the tide gauge is thrown.

Preferably, in the third step, after the sectional measurement is completed, the tide gauge is recovered, and after the tide gauge data is derived, the tide gauge is put in the next section.

Preferably, in the third step, when measuring the next segment, the tide gauge data derived from the previous segment is used, and the tide gauge data of the segment is processed with reference to the average sea level in the measuring time of the tide gauge.

Preferably, in the third step, the tide gauge data comprises tide level data and/or water depth data.

Preferably, in the third step, when the segmented tide gauge data is processed, it is found that the tide level data or the water depth data has an abnormal or missing problem, and the tide gauge data and the water depth data of the previous segment are measured again, so that the measured tide gauge data is complete and effective.

Preferably, in the third step, the data exported from the tide gauge data is in an ASCII text format, and the tide gauge data is edited into a tide level file of deep water treatment software through Excel software.

Preferably, in the third step, the water depth treatment software is CARIS HIPS and SIPS software.

Preferably, in the fifth step, since the sea levels of the segments are different, the sea level of the long-term tidal observation station closest to the sea level is adopted, and the tidal observation instrument data of each segment are unified to an elevation datum plane.

Wherein, the long-term tidal observation station is also called as a basic tidal observation station, the observation data of the station is used for calculating and determining the average sea surface and the depth reference surface of many years, and researching the tidal change rule of harbors, and the like, and continuous observation data of one year or more should be available.

Preferably, in the fifth step, the elevation datum is a 1985 national elevation datum.

A long-route bathymetric survey system is used for realizing the survey method and comprises a tide gauge, wherein the tide gauge is put on at least two sections of a route line.

Preferably, the tide gauge is installed on an anchor rod of the anchor system tide gauge subsurface buoy.

Preferably, the anchor system tide-detecting submerged buoy comprises an anchor, a rope and a floating ball, wherein the upper end of the anchor is connected with the rope, and the floating ball is mounted on the rope.

Preferably, the anchor comprises a fluke and a shank, the fluke being in welded connection with the shank.

Preferably, the anchor is an iron anchor.

Preferably, the anchor has a length of 1m.

Preferably, the tide gauge has a length of 10cm.

Preferably, the floating ball is provided with an AIS (automatic identification system) position indicator.

Preferably, said AIS indicator may be displayed on an AIS system of a vessel equipped with the AIS system, within twenty miles.

Preferably, the AIS indication marker flashes according to preset frequency, so that the AIS indication marker can be seen at night or under dark conditions, and the collision or damage of fishing boat operation is avoided.

Preferably, the AIS index mark has a endurance time of 10 days.

Preferably, the long-route water depth measurement system further comprises data processing software, wherein the software is Excel software and water depth processing software.

Preferably, the water depth processing software is the CARIS HIPS and SIPS software.

The beneficial effects of the invention are:

the invention discloses a long-route bathymetric measuring method and a long-route bathymetric measuring system, which solve the problem of poor bathymetric measurement consistency of the existing long-route bathymetric measurement; the measuring method comprises the steps of dividing a route into a plurality of sections and measuring in sections; after each section of measurement is finished, the tide gauge data processing is carried out in time, the quality of the water depth and tide data is checked, the efficiency and the quality of the water depth measurement are greatly improved, and the consistency of the water depth measurement data is improved.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and do not limit the invention. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of submarine cables of the Qinhuang island 32-6 and the Caifei Dian 11-1 oil field group shore power application engineering of the long-route water depth measuring method and the measuring system of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the position and control range of the tidal station of the long-route bathymetry method and the measuring system of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a T1 station tidal level curve of the long route bathymetry method and system of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a T2 station tidal level curve for the long route bathymetry method and system of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a T3 station tidal level curve for the long route bathymetry method and system of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram of the final water depth data for three offshore segments of the long route bathymetry method and system of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the position and control range of a conventional tide gauge station.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

In order to realize the environment-friendly comprehensive treatment of the ocean and the environment-friendly requirement of the atmosphere, shore power is used for replacing offshore oil field self power supply. A method for measuring the water depth of a long route takes the water depth measurement of submarine cable routes of an oil field cluster shore power application project of an Huang island 32-6 and a Caofeifn Dian 11-1 as an example. The total length of submarine cable routes of the Qinhuang island 32-6 and the Caofiedian 11-1 oilfield group shore power application engineering is about 143km, and five routes are related, wherein the route information is shown in a table 1 and a figure 1, and 5 routes in the table 1 correspond to the figure 1.

TABLE 1 sea cable routing for Qinhuang island 32-6, caofendin 11-1 oil field shore power application engineering

Serial number	Route name	Route length (km)
			1	Caofian county 11-1 shore power landing route	36.9
2	Qinhuang island 32-6 shore power landing route	28.2
			3	Interconnection route from Caofiedian 11-1CEPJ to Qinhuang 32-6CEPJ	62.3
4	Qinhuang island 32-6 oilfield group internal routing	7.8
			5	Caofian county 11-1 oilfield intra-cluster routing	2.5
Is totaled	/	143.2

The measuring method comprises the following steps:

firstly, dividing the route into 5 segments according to the line characteristics of the route, as shown in fig. 2, a triangle in fig. 2 represents the tide station, a circle and an elliptical circle represent the control range of the tide station, the circle diameter is 20km, the elliptical circle has a long axis length of 40km and a short axis length of 20km, and the route segments in the circle and the elliptical circle are segments, which are 5 segments corresponding to the tide station, such as TC, TJ, T1, T2 and T3, respectively. The 5 subsections are respectively controlled by 5 tide stations, namely TC and TJ of an offshore section, and T1, T2 and T3 of an offshore section; the TC and the TJ are long-term tide stations of the Caofen Dian harbor and the Jing Tang harbor respectively, the tide stations do not need to be arranged, and because the water depth measurement of the offshore segment adopts a single beam, the focus of the discussion is not taken as the key point of the discussion, and the key point is 3 offshore segments of the route, namely T1, T2 and T3 segments. The control ranges of the tide stations are overlapped, for example, a certain segmented route is simultaneously positioned in two tide stations, and the control range of one temporary tide station can be selected for measurement. The segmentation setting can be very nimble, can carry out the segmentation increase and decrease according to the weather condition.

And secondly, putting the tide gauge through a ship at the landing section to measure the water depth, wherein the tide gauge data are corrected by adopting sea levels of TC and TJ of the long-term tide stations of Caofian and Jingtang harbor. The three offshore tide gauging stations T1, T2 and T3 firstly start measuring T1 section, throw tide gauges at T1 position in FIG. 2, then start measuring two parts of routes in circle controlled by T1, monitor the dynamics of tide gauges in real time through a ship AIS system in the measuring process, and the ship AIS system is a ship automatic identification system. After the measurement is finished, the tide gauge is recovered, tide gauge data are exported, and a tide gauge curve is drawn by taking the average sea level in the T1 tide gauge measurement time as a reference, as shown in figure 3.

And thirdly, after the T1 segment measurement is finished, putting the tide gauge at the position of the T2 in the figure 2, and starting to measure the route segment in the circle controlled by the T2. Meanwhile, the water depth processing software CARIS HIPS and SIPS software is used for processing the data of the currency detection tide instrument of the T1 to obtain water depth data of the T1 section; after the interconnection route sectional measurement is completed, the tide gauge of T2 is recovered, tide gauge data is derived, and a tide gauge curve is drawn by taking the average sea level of T2 in the tide gauge measuring time as a reference, as shown in FIG. 4.

Fourthly, after the T2 subsection measurement is completed, the tide gauge is put in the position of the T3 in the graph 2, the T3 subsection route is measured, meanwhile, the water depth processing software CARIS HIPS and SIPS software is used for processing the tide gauge data of the T2 to obtain the water depth data of the interconnection route subsection, after the interconnection route subsection measurement is completed, the tide gauge of the T3 is recovered, the tide gauge data is derived, and a tide gauge curve is drawn by taking the average sea level in the tide gauge measuring time of the T3 as a reference, as shown in the graph 5.

And fifthly, after the measurement of the three offshore sections is completed, the sea levels of the water depth data of the three offshore sections are different, and a nearby long-term tide station is needed to be used, so that the sea level of the tide gauge data of each section is unified to a 1985 national elevation datum plane until the water depth data is complete and unified, all the sections are seamlessly connected, and no mutation or jump exists. As shown in fig. 6.

The long-route bathymetric survey method of the embodiment solves the difficult problem of bathymetry of the long route under different hydrological environments, reduces the cost, improves the measurement efficiency and improves the measurement flexibility.

Example 2

A long-route bathymetry system is used for realizing the measuring method of the embodiment and comprises a tide gauge and a data processing unit, wherein the tide gauge is put on at least two sections of a route line. The tide gauge is installed on an anchor rod of the anchor system tide gauge subsurface buoy. The anchor system tide gauge submerged buoy comprises an anchor, a rope and a floating ball, wherein the upper end of the anchor is connected with the rope, and the floating ball is installed on the rope. The anchor includes fluke and stock, the fluke with stock welded connection. The anchor is an iron anchor. The length of the anchor is 1m. The length of the tide gauge is 10cm. And the floating ball is provided with an AIS (automatic identification system) position indicating mark. The AIS position indicating marker can be displayed on an AIS system of a ship with the AIS system within twenty miles. The AIS position indicating marker flashes according to a certain frequency, and the lamps can be seen at night or under dark conditions, so that collision or damage in fishing boat operation can be prevented. The duration of the AIS position indicator is 10 days. The long-route water depth measurement system further comprises data processing software, wherein the software is Excel software and water depth processing software. The water depth treatment software is CARIS HIPS and SIPS software.

In the long-route water depth measuring method and the long-route water depth measuring system in the embodiment, the measuring method adopts segmented measurement, 40km is taken as one section, a tide-checking submerged buoy is put in before each section of measurement, and the submerged buoy is recovered after the measurement is finished; each section of measuring time is short and generally does not exceed one week, so that a steel tide-testing subsurface buoy with heavier mass does not need to be manufactured, only the iron anchor with the length of 1m is needed, and the cost for customizing the tide-testing subsurface buoy is saved; because the iron anchor is provided with the floating ball and the AIS position indicating mark, a measurer can put in and recover the iron anchor by himself without hiring a diver to recover the tide checking subsurface mark, so that the labor cost of the diver is saved, and the recovery rate of the tide checking subsurface mark is improved; because the floater has AIS and shows the position mark, measure boats and ships and just surround the buoy operation of diving, can monitor on boats and ships AIS system it dives the mark to test tide, has guaranteed the safety of testing tide and dive the mark. The AIS position indicating mark flashes the light according to preset frequency, so that the AIS position indicating mark can be seen at night or under dark conditions, and the fishing boat is prevented from collision or damage during operation. Because the water depth measurement time of each section is generally less than 1 week, the risk of losing the tide-testing subsurface buoy is greatly reduced; because the time is short and is diving near the operation of mark always, install on the floater AIS shows the position mark, will show this and show the position mark on surveying boats and ships's AIS system, survey AIS on the AIS system in real time and show the position that the AIS shows the position mark, will ensure to test the tide like this and do not lose with diving the mark.

According to the long-route water depth measuring method and the long-route water depth measuring system in the embodiment, after each segmented measurement is completed, the data processing of the tide gauge can be immediately carried out, the quality of water depth and tide data is checked, and re-measurement can be carried out if problems exist; when all measurements are completed, the data of the tide gauge are completely processed, so that the efficiency and the quality of water depth measurement are greatly improved, and the integrity and the uniformity of the water depth data are improved.

The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for bathymetry of long routes, wherein the routes include general routes and interconnection routes, comprising the steps of:

the first step, dividing the route of the route into at least two offshore segment sections;

secondly, putting a tide gauge in the subsection through a ship at a landing section, and measuring through the tide gauge; when the tide gauge is put in the subsection, after the ship AIS system displays the tide gauge, the tide gauge starts to measure; monitoring the working state of the tide gauge on the ship AIS system in real time; drawing a tide gauge curve by taking the average sea level in the measuring time of the tide gauge of the first offshore segment as a reference;

thirdly, after the section measurement is completed, throwing the tide gauge at the position of a second offshore section, and measuring the routing section in a circle controlled by the second offshore section; processing the tide gauge data of a first offshore segment to obtain water depth data of the first offshore segment; after the interconnection route sectional measurement is completed, the tide gauge is recovered, and the tide gauge data is exported and processed; drawing a tide gauge curve by taking the average sea level in the measuring time of the tide gauge of the second offshore segment as a reference;

fourthly, repeating the second step and the third step until all the sections are completely measured, and exporting and processing the data of the tide gauge; the tide gauge data comprise tide level data and/or water depth data; and fifthly, unifying the sea level of the tide gauge data of each segment to an elevation datum plane to complete the long-route water depth measurement.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein in the second step, the tide gauge is dropped at the center of the segment.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the tide gauges data for each of the segments are consolidated to an elevation reference surface using sea level of a long-term tide station closest thereto.

4. A long-route bathymetry system for implementing the long-route bathymetry method of any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the measuring system comprises a tide gauge which is placed on at least two segments of a route line.

5. The long route bathymetry system of claim 4 wherein said tidal gauge is mounted on the anchor rod of an anchor system tidal signature.