CN113154694A - Heat pump system capable of realizing full-spectrum utilization of solar energy - Google Patents
Heat pump system capable of realizing full-spectrum utilization of solar energy Download PDFInfo
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- CN113154694A CN113154694A CN202110450454.9A CN202110450454A CN113154694A CN 113154694 A CN113154694 A CN 113154694A CN 202110450454 A CN202110450454 A CN 202110450454A CN 113154694 A CN113154694 A CN 113154694A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/04—Heat pumps of the sorption type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/40—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/30—Solar heat collectors for heating objects, e.g. solar cookers or solar furnaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/06—Heat pumps characterised by the source of low potential heat
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
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Abstract
A heat pump system capable of realizing full-spectrum utilization of solar energy comprises a full-spectrum solar energy subsystem and an absorption heat pump subsystem, wherein the full-spectrum solar energy subsystem comprises a norbornadiene tank, a molecular solar thermal reactor, a solar photovoltaic panel, an inverter, a vacuum tube heat collector, a separator and a chemical reactor, and the molecular solar thermal reactor, the solar photovoltaic panel and the vacuum tube heat collector are stacked from top to bottom; the norbornadiene tank is connected with the inlet of the separator through the molecular solar thermal reactor, the tetracycloalkane outlet of the separator is connected with the shell side of the chemical reactor, the shell side of the chemical reactor and the norbornadiene outlet of the separator are connected with the norbornadiene tank, and the tube side of the chemical reactor and the vacuum tube heat collector are connected with the absorption heat pump subsystem. The invention combines the molecular solar heat storage system, the solar photovoltaic panel and the solar heat collector together, realizes the full spectrum utilization of solar energy in the absorption heat pump system, greatly improves the energy utilization rate and reduces the heat loss.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a heat pump system capable of realizing full spectrum utilization of solar energy, which can obviously improve the utilization efficiency of the solar energy and belongs to the technical field of heat pumps.
Background
The absorption heat pump is a circulating system which utilizes a low-grade heat source to pump heat from a low-temperature heat source to a high-temperature heat source, is an effective device for recycling low-grade heat energy, and has the dual functions of saving energy and protecting the environment. At present, the absorption heat pump is the most widely applied as a double-effect lithium bromide absorption heat pump. Firstly, the heat energy is used as power, a large amount of electric energy is not required to be consumed, the requirement on the heat energy is not high, various low potential heat energy, waste gas and waste heat can be utilized, the comprehensive utilization of a heat source is facilitated, the energy-saving effect is good, and the economy is high. Besides the shielding pump with small power, the whole refrigerating device has no other moving parts, has the advantages of small vibration, low noise, quiet running and the like, and is particularly suitable for occasions such as hospitals, hotels, dining halls, office buildings, movie theaters and the like. Finally, the lithium bromide solution is used as the working medium, the refrigerating machine runs under the vacuum state, and the refrigerating machine is odorless, nontoxic, safe and reliable, does not have explosion danger, is praised as nuisanceless refrigerating equipment and is beneficial to meeting the requirement of environmental protection. Although the advantages of the double-effect lithium bromide absorption heat pump unit are many, the power source of the double-effect lithium bromide absorption heat pump unit is usually waste gas and waste heat, which causes consumption of fossil energy to a certain extent.
Solar energy is a free clean resource, and has the advantages of inexhaustible resources, no pollution to the environment and the like, so the technical scheme of combining the solar energy with the absorption heat pump draws attention of people. However, the solar energy and absorption heat pump are combined in a solar thermal collector, and a solar photovoltaic/thermal collector can only utilize part of solar spectrum, and does not realize cascade utilization of the solar spectrum, thereby causing great heat loss. Therefore, how to further improve the solar energy utilization efficiency of the heat pump system and reduce the heat loss becomes a problem to be solved in the technical field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a heat pump system capable of realizing full spectrum utilization of solar energy aiming at the defects of the prior art so as to improve the solar energy utilization efficiency of the heat pump system and reduce heat loss.
The problems of the invention are solved by the following technical scheme:
a heat pump system capable of realizing full-spectrum utilization of solar energy comprises a full-spectrum solar energy subsystem and an absorption heat pump subsystem, wherein the full-spectrum solar energy subsystem comprises a norbornadiene tank, a molecular solar thermal reactor, a solar photovoltaic panel, an inverter, a vacuum tube thermal collector, a separator and a chemical reactor, the chemical reactor is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and the shell side of the chemical reactor is filled with a mercury bromide photosensitive catalyst; the molecular solar thermal reactor, the solar photovoltaic panel and the vacuum tube heat collector are sequentially stacked from top to bottom; an outlet of the norbornadiene tank is connected with a mixture inlet of the separator through an isomerization material channel in the molecular solar thermal reactor, a tetracycloalkane outlet of the separator is connected with a shell side inlet of the chemical reactor, a shell side outlet of the chemical reactor and a norbornadiene outlet of the separator are connected with an inlet of the norbornadiene tank, and a tube side of the chemical reactor and a vacuum tube heat collector are respectively connected with heat source pipelines with different temperatures of the absorption heat pump subsystem through pipelines.
The heat pump system capable of realizing full-spectrum utilization of solar energy comprises an absorption heat pump subsystem, a high-pressure generator, a first low-pressure generator, a second low-pressure generator, a condenser, a low-temperature solution heat exchanger, a high-temperature solution heat exchanger and an absorber, wherein an inlet and an outlet of a heat source channel of the high-pressure generator are respectively connected with an outlet and an inlet of a pipe side of a chemical reactor, an inlet and an outlet of a heat source channel of the first low-pressure generator are respectively connected with an outlet and an inlet of a vacuum pipe heat collector, a solution channel outlet pipeline of the absorber is divided into two paths after sequentially passing through a circulating pump and a low-temperature medium channel of the low-temperature solution heat exchanger, one path is connected with an inlet of a solution channel of the second low-pressure generator through the solution channel of the first low-pressure generator, and the other path is sequentially passed through the low-temperature medium channel of the high-temperature solution heat exchanger, the solution channel of the high-pressure generator, the solution channel of the high-temperature solution heat exchanger, and the inlet of the high-temperature solution heat exchanger, The high temperature medium channel of the high temperature solution heat exchanger is connected to the solution channel inlet of the second low pressure generator, the solution channel outlet of the second low pressure generator is connected with the solution channel inlet of the absorber through the high temperature medium channel of the low temperature solution heat exchanger, the steam outlet pipeline of the high pressure generator is connected with the steam inlet of the condenser through the low temperature heat source channel of the second low pressure generator, the steam outlet pipeline of the first low pressure generator is connected with the steam inlet of the condenser, the steam outlet pipeline of the condenser is connected with the steam inlet of the absorber, the water channel inlet of the absorber is connected with the tap water pipe through the gate, the water channel inlet of the condenser is connected with the water channel outlet of the absorber, and the water channel outlet is connected with the hot water supply pipeline through the gate, so that space hot water is provided for users in winter, and domestic hot water is provided for the users in transitional seasons.
The above-mentioned heat pump system that can realize full gloss register for easy reference utilization of solar energy, absorption heat pump subsystem still includes cooling tower and evaporimeter, the inlet tube and the outlet pipe of cooling tower pass through the gate respectively with the water channel export of condenser and the water channel entry linkage of absorber, the working medium passageway of evaporimeter concatenates on the pipeline between the steam outlet of condenser and the steam inlet of absorber, and the water channel and the outside refrigerated water supply pipe way of evaporimeter are connected to provide the refrigerated water for the user in summer. The heat pump system capable of realizing full-spectrum utilization of solar energy is characterized in that the high-pressure generator, the first low-pressure generator, the second low-pressure generator, the condenser, the absorber and the evaporator are all shell-and-tube heat exchangers, and the interior of the heat pump system is of a spray type structure.
According to the heat pump system capable of realizing full-spectrum utilization of solar energy, the low-temperature solution heat exchanger and the high-temperature solution heat exchanger are both shell-and-tube heat exchangers, and lithium bromide solution is filled in each medium channel and the solution channels of all the parts connected with the medium channels.
According to the heat pump system capable of realizing full-spectrum utilization of solar energy, the molecular solar thermal reactor, the solar photovoltaic panel and the solar vacuum tube heat collector are arranged in a closed space, and the top of the closed space is a transparent window so that the solar energy can penetrate through the heat pump system; the transparent window is made of fused silica material.
According to the heat pump system capable of realizing full-spectrum utilization of solar energy, the molecular solar thermal reactor is internally provided with the water heating channel, the inlet of the water heating channel is connected with tap water, and the outlet of the water heating channel is connected with a domestic hot water supply pipeline.
According to the heat pump system capable of realizing full-spectrum utilization of solar energy, the direct current output end of the solar photovoltaic panel is connected with the inverter, and the alternating current output end of the inverter is connected with the load.
According to the heat pump system capable of realizing full-spectrum utilization of solar energy, water is filled on the tube side of the chemical reactor and in the vacuum tube heat collector.
According to the heat pump system capable of realizing full-spectrum utilization of solar energy, the molecular solar thermal reactor is made of a fused quartz material, and a cylindrical isomerization material channel is arranged in the middle of the molecular solar thermal reactor so that norbornadiene can flow through the molecular solar thermal reactor; the solar photovoltaic panel is covered by a glass plate; the top of the solar vacuum tube heat collector is provided with a glass cover, and the bottom of the solar vacuum tube heat collector is provided with a plastic seat.
The invention combines the molecular solar heat storage system, the solar photovoltaic panel and the solar heat collector together, realizes the full spectrum utilization of solar energy in the absorption heat pump system, greatly improves the energy utilization rate, and reduces the heat loss and the environmental pollution.
The invention combines the molecular solar heat storage system, the solar photovoltaic panel and the solar heat collector together by utilizing the characteristic that certain molecular isomerization materials can absorb partial ultraviolet and visible light spectrums of solar energy, thereby forming a device capable of realizing full-spectrum utilization of solar energy, and combining the device with the absorption heat pump, thereby greatly improving the utilization efficiency of the solar energy.
The system of the invention is reasonably configuredThe characteristics of each subsystem can be fully exerted, the cascade utilization of solar spectrum is realized, the energy utilization rate of the system is improved, and the emission reduction of CO is realized2The important role of (1).
The invention is mainly used in small-sized industrial, commercial and civil systems, and has the advantages that:
1. the molecular solar heat storage system, the solar photovoltaic panel and the solar heat collector are combined together, so that the cascade utilization of solar spectrums is realized, and the utilization rate of solar energy is improved.
2. The invention realizes the utilization of the full spectrum of solar energy in the absorption heat pump system, improves the energy utilization rate and reduces the environmental pollution.
3. Through the reasonable configuration of the system, the invention realizes the combination of the absorption heat pump, the solar heat collector, the molecular solar heat storage system and the solar photovoltaic, and forms a multifunctional cogeneration system for outputting the electricity, the cold and the heat of products.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a heat pump system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection of a molecular solar thermal reactor, a solar photovoltaic panel and a solar evacuated tube collector.
The reference numbers in the figures are: 1. a norbornadiene tank; 2. a molecular solar thermal reactor; 3. a solar photovoltaic panel; 3-1, glass plate; 4. a vacuum tube heat collector; 4-1, glass cover; 4-2, plastic seat; 5. a separator; 6. a chemical reactor; 7. a condenser; 8. a first low pressure generator; 9. a second low pressure generator; 10. a high voltage generator; 11. a low temperature solution heat exchanger; 12. a high temperature solution heat exchanger; 13. an evaporator; 14. an absorber; 15. a cooling tower; 16. an inverter; v1, first gate; v2, second gate; v3, third gate; v4 and a fourth gate.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a heat pump system for realizing full spectrum utilization of solar energy, which utilizes the characteristic that norbornadiene can absorb ultraviolet rays and partial visible light spectrum in solar energy, combines a molecular solar heat storage system with a solar photovoltaic panel and a solar vacuum tube heat collector to form a device capable of utilizing the full spectrum of the solar energy, and is combined with a double-effect lithium bromide absorption heat pump to generate chilled water in summer, space hot water in winter and life hot water in transitional seasons, thereby realizing the full spectrum utilization of the solar energy. The system provided by the invention is reasonable in configuration, can give full play to the characteristics of each subsystem, realizes the cascade utilization of solar spectrums, improves the utilization rate of solar energy, and provides a new form for the coupling of solar energy and a heat pump.
In the molecular solar heat storage technology, some isomerization materials can absorb sunlight ultraviolet rays and partial visible light photons to perform isomerization reaction and store the isomerization reaction in a chemical bond, the rest visible light photons and the rest infrared light photons penetrate through the molecular solar thermal reactor and are utilized by the solar photovoltaic panel to generate direct current, and finally the rest infrared light photons are utilized by the solar thermal collector, so that the cascade utilization of solar spectrums is realized, and the utilization efficiency of solar energy is greatly improved.
There are many materials for molecular solar thermal storage, such as anthracene, symmetrical bisethylene, azobenzene, tetracarbonyl-diruthenifulvalene, and norbornadiene. But the enthalpy of anthracene is lower; the concentration of the symmetric di-substituted ethylene has a great influence on the quantum yield; the azobenzene has limited solubility in polar solvent and high thermal reduction rate; the cost of tetracarbonyl-di ruthenium fulvalene is high. The norbornadiene has high weight storage density and quantum yield, is low in cost and has certain commercial value, and can perform reverse reaction under the action of some photosensitive catalysts. Therefore, the preferred material of the molecular solar thermal storage system is norbornadiene.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the invention comprises a solar full spectrum subsystem and an absorption heat pump subsystem. The solar full-spectrum subsystem comprises a norbornadiene tank 1, a molecular solar thermal reactor 2, a solar photovoltaic panel 3, an inverter 16, a vacuum tube heat collector 4, a separator 5 and a chemical reactor 6, and the absorption heat pump subsystem comprises a condenser 7, a first low-pressure generator 8, a second low-pressure generator 9, a high-pressure generator 10, a low-temperature solution heat exchanger 11, a high-temperature solution heat exchanger 12, an evaporator 13, an absorber 14 and a cooling tower 15.
The norbornadiene tank 1, the molecular solar thermal reactor 2, the separator 5 and the chemical reactor 6 are sequentially connected through a pipeline, and the norbornadiene outlets of the separator 5 and the chemical reactor 6 are connected to the norbornadiene tank 1 through a pipeline; the molecular solar thermal reactor 2, the solar photovoltaic panel 3 and the solar vacuum tube heat collector 4 form a solar full spectrum utilization device, the molecular solar thermal reactor 2 is positioned at the top and is made of fused quartz, and a cylindrical isomerization channel is arranged in the middle so that norbornadiene can flow through the molecular solar thermal reactor to absorb ultraviolet rays and part of visible light spectrum in the solar spectrum. The rest sunlight penetrates through the molecular solar thermal reactor 2, and visible light and partial infrared spectrum are absorbed by the solar photovoltaic panel 3 to generate direct current. And finally, the residual sunlight penetrates through the solar photovoltaic panel 3 and is absorbed by the vacuum tube heat collector 4 to generate heat. .
Preferably, norbornadiene is used as an isomerization material to absorb visible light and partial ultraviolet spectrum in solar energy, but azobenzene, anthracene and other substances are used as the isomerization material to absorb sunlight as the norbornadiene, and the norbornadiene is also within the protection scope of the invention.
Preferably, the invention adopts the combination of the vacuum tube heat collector, the molecular solar thermal reactor and the solar photovoltaic panel to realize the utilization of the full spectrum of solar energy, but the combination of the trough type heat collector, the dish type heat collector and the like with the molecular solar thermal reactor and the solar photovoltaic panel is also in the protection scope of the invention.
The absorption heat pump subsystem comprises a high-pressure generator 10, a first low-pressure generator 8, a second low-pressure generator 9, a condenser 7, a low-temperature solution heat exchanger 11, a high-temperature solution heat exchanger 12, an evaporator 13, an absorber 14 and a cooling tower 15; the first low pressure generator 8 and the second low pressure generator 9 are arranged in the same cavity, the first low pressure generator 8 is arranged above the second low pressure generator 9, and the high pressure generator 10 is connected with the first low pressure generator 8 in parallel and connected with other components in series in a cycle. The high-pressure generator 10, the first low-pressure generator 8, the second low-pressure generator 9, the low-temperature solution heat exchanger 11, the high-temperature solution heat exchanger 12, the evaporator 13 and the absorber 14 are all shell-and-tube heat exchangers, wherein except the low-temperature solution heat exchanger 11 and the high-temperature solution heat exchanger 12, the interiors of other parts are all in a spray type structure. Two ends of a heat source channel of the high-pressure generator 10 are respectively connected to an inlet and an outlet of the chemical reactor 6 through pipelines, and water vapor with higher temperature is conveyed to the high-pressure generator 10 to be used as a high-temperature heat source of the high-pressure generator 10 to heat lithium bromide solution with dilute concentration to generate high-temperature refrigerant vapor. The high pressure generator 10 is connected to the second low pressure generator 9 through a pipeline, and delivers high-temperature refrigerant vapor to the second low pressure generator 9, and the high-temperature refrigerant vapor is used as a low-temperature heat source of the second low pressure generator 9 and heats the medium-concentration lithium bromide solution from the high-temperature solution heat exchanger 12 to generate high-temperature refrigerant vapor; the high-pressure generator 10 is also connected to a high-temperature medium channel of the high-temperature solution heat exchanger 12 through a pipeline, and is used for conveying a medium-concentration lithium bromide solution with a higher temperature to the high-temperature solution heat exchanger 12 and preheating a dilute-concentration lithium bromide solution with a lower temperature from the low-temperature solution heat exchanger 11; the two ends of the heat source channel of the first low-pressure generator 8 are respectively connected to the inlet and the outlet of the vacuum tube heat collector 4 through pipelines, and water with higher temperature is conveyed to the low-pressure generator 8 to be used as a low-temperature heat source of the first low-pressure generator 8 to heat the lithium bromide solution with dilute concentration from the low-temperature solution heat exchanger 11 to generate high-temperature refrigerant steam; the first low pressure generator 8 is also connected to the condenser 7 and the second low pressure generator 9 through pipelines, and transmits refrigerant steam to the condenser 7 for condensation to generate condensed water; delivering the lithium bromide solution with medium concentration to a second low-pressure generator 9 for heating to generate high-temperature refrigerant steam; the second low-pressure generator 9 is respectively connected to the condenser 7 and the high-temperature end of the low-temperature solution heat exchanger 11 through pipelines, refrigerant steam is respectively conveyed to the condenser to be condensed, and the high-concentration lithium bromide solution with higher temperature is conveyed to the low-temperature solution heat exchanger 11 to preheat the dilute-concentration lithium bromide solution with lower temperature from the absorber; the condenser 7 is respectively connected to the evaporator 13 and the cooling tower 15 through pipelines, condensed water is conveyed to the evaporator to be evaporated, and cooling water with higher temperature is conveyed to the cooling tower 15 to be cooled; the evaporator 13 is connected to the absorber 14 through a pipeline, and conveys water vapor to the absorber, and the water vapor is absorbed by the high-concentration lithium bromide solution to be changed into a dilute-concentration lithium bromide solution; the absorber 14 is connected to the low-temperature end of the low-temperature solution heat exchanger 11 through a circulating pump by a pipeline, and is used for conveying a dilute-concentration lithium bromide solution and heating the dilute-concentration lithium bromide solution in the low-temperature solution heat exchanger; the absorber 14 is also connected to the condenser 7 by a line in which cooling water is fed for cooling the condenser, avoiding excessive condenser temperature; the cooling tower 15 is connected to the absorber 14 by a pipeline, and cooling water with lower temperature is input into the pipeline; the cooling device is used for cooling the absorber and reducing the temperature of the absorber; the high-temperature end of the low-temperature solution heat exchanger 11 is connected to the absorber 14 through a pipeline, and the high-concentration lithium bromide solution is conveyed to the absorber to absorb water vapor and is changed into a dilute-concentration lithium bromide solution; the outlet of the low-temperature end of the low-temperature solution heat exchanger 11 is connected to the high-pressure generator 10 through a low-temperature channel of the high-temperature solution heat exchanger by a pipeline and is evaporated by a high-temperature heat source; the high temperature end of the high temperature solution heat exchanger 12 is connected to the high temperature end of the low temperature solution heat exchanger 11 through a solution channel of the second low pressure generator 9 by a pipeline, and the lithium bromide dilute solution is conveyed in the pipeline.
In the solar full spectrum subsystem, the isomerization material channel of the molecular solar thermal reactor 2 is provided with norbornadiene (C)7H8) Input port, Tetracycloalkane (C)7H8) The water heating channel is provided with a tap water inlet and a tap water outlet; norbornadiene (C) pumped to the molecular solar thermal reactor 2 via a line7H8) And (3) an input port, which is irradiated by sunlight in the molecular solar thermal reactor 2, absorbs solar ultraviolet rays and partial visible light spectrum, and partial norbornadiene is subjected to isomerization reaction:
C7H8(norbornadiene) → C7H8(Tetracycloalkane)
Converted to tetracycloalkanes and store energy in their chemical bonds. And when the norbornadiene is subjected to isomerization reaction, some energy is generatedThe heat is dissipated, so the normal temperature water is input into the molecular solar thermal reactor 2 through a pipeline to absorb the heat, and domestic hot water with the temperature of 60 ℃ for human use is generated. The mixture of tetracycloalkane and norbornadiene produced by the subsequent reaction is conveyed to the inlet of a separator 5 through a pipeline, the separator separates the mixture of tetracycloalkane and norbornadiene, the separated norbornadiene is conveyed to a norbornadiene tank 1 through a pipeline, the separated tetracycloalkane is conveyed to a chemical reactor 6 through a pipeline, the chemical reactor 6 is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, the tetracycloalkane enters the shell side of the chemical reactor 6, and the shell side is filled with mercuric bromide (HgBr)2) The photosensitive catalyst is characterized in that the tetracycloalkane is subjected to isomerization reverse reaction under the action of the catalyst:
C7H8(Tetracycloalkane) → C7H8(norbornadiene)
Is converted into norbornadiene to release stored energy, a shell side outlet of the chemical reactor 6 is connected to the norbornadiene tank 1 through a pipeline, and the norbornadiene is conveyed into the norbornadiene tank 1; the pipe side inlet of the chemical reactor 6 is connected to the heat source channel outlet of the high pressure generator 10 by a pipeline, the corresponding pipe side outlet of the chemical reactor 6 is connected to the heat source channel inlet of the high pressure generator 10 by a pipeline, the fluid conveyed in the pipeline is water vapor, and the temperature of the fluid entering and exiting the chemical reactor 6 is 148/140 ℃; the rest sunlight penetrates through the molecular solar thermal reactor 2 to reach the solar photovoltaic panel 3, and is absorbed by the solar photovoltaic panel 3 to generate partial visible light and infrared spectrum, so that direct current is generated and is converted into alternating current for users to use through an inverter; and finally, the rest sunlight penetrates through the solar photovoltaic panel 3 and enters the vacuum tube heat collector 4, the inlet and the outlet of the vacuum tube heat collector 4 are respectively connected to the outlet and the inlet of the first low-pressure generator 8 through pipelines, and water with the temperature of 70/85 ℃ conveyed in the pipelines is used as a heat source of the first low-pressure generator 8.
Secondly, in the absorption heat pump subsystem, dilute solution at the outlet of the absorber 14 is conveyed to the inlet of the low-temperature end of the low-temperature solution heat exchanger 11 through a circulating pump by a pipeline, is preheated by high-concentration lithium bromide solution from the outlet of the second low-pressure generator 9, the preheated dilute solution is respectively conveyed to the inlet of the low-temperature end of the high-temperature solution heat exchanger 12 and the inlet of the first low-pressure generator 8 through pipelines, dilute lithium bromide solution at the outlet of the low-temperature end of the high-temperature solution heat exchanger 12 is conveyed to the inlet of the high-pressure generator 10 through a pipeline, is heated by water vapor from the chemical reactor 6 to become medium-concentration lithium bromide solution, releases refrigerant vapor, and is conveyed to the vapor inlet of the second low-pressure generator 9 through a pipeline, medium-concentration lithium bromide solution at the outlet of the high-pressure generator 10 is conveyed to the inlet of the high-temperature end of the high-temperature solution heat exchanger 12 through a pipeline, and the dilute lithium bromide solution from the low-temperature solution heat exchanger 11 is preheated and then conveyed to the second low-pressure generator 9 through a pipeline; the dilute lithium bromide solution delivered to the first low-pressure generator 8 is heated by hot water from the vacuum tube collector 4 to become a lithium bromide solution with medium concentration, refrigerant steam is released and delivered to the condenser 7 through a pipeline, the lithium bromide solution with medium concentration at the other outlet of the first low-pressure generator 8 is conveyed to the second low-pressure generator 9 through a pipeline, is heated by the refrigerant steam with higher temperature from the high-pressure generator 10 and then becomes the lithium bromide solution with high concentration, the refrigerant steam is released, the lithium bromide solution with high concentration at the outlet of the second low-pressure generator 9 is conveyed to the inlet at the high-temperature end of the low-temperature solution heat exchanger 11 through a pipeline, the lithium bromide solution with high concentration is conveyed to the absorber 14 through a pipeline after the lithium bromide solution with diluted concentration from the absorber 14 is preheated, the lithium bromide solution with high concentration is conveyed in the pipeline, absorbing the water vapor from the evaporator 13 in the absorber 14, and delivering the refrigerant vapor from the other outlet to the condenser 7 through a pipeline; the refrigerant vapor delivered to the condenser 7 is condensed into water, heat is released, and the condensed water is delivered to the evaporator 13 through a pipeline, absorbs the heat of the water delivered to the evaporator 13, and is evaporated into water vapor; the water vapor at the outlet of the evaporator is conveyed to the absorber 14 through a pipeline, and is absorbed by the high-concentration lithium bromide solution from the low-temperature solution heat exchanger 11 to be changed into dilute lithium bromide solution for the next circulation.
The absorption heat pump subsystem can operate in three modes: a summer cooling mode, a winter heating mode and a transitional season heating mode. When the system operates in a summer refrigeration mode, closing the first gate V1 and the third gate V3, opening the second gate V2 and the fourth gate V4, and absorbing heat emitted from the condenser 7 and the absorber 14 by using a cooling tower, wherein the temperature of inlet and outlet water of cooling water is 32/36 ℃; an inlet and outlet loop is connected in the evaporator 13 to generate 14/7 ℃ chilled water; when the system is operated in the heating mode in winter and transition seasons, the first gate V1 and the third gate V3 are opened, the second gate V2 and the fourth gate V4 are closed, the cooling tower does not work, the absorber 14 and the condenser 7 are connected in sequence by pipelines, the heat discharged from the condenser 7 and the absorber 14 is absorbed by water, space hot water (55/65 ℃) is generated in winter, and life hot water (25/60 ℃) is generated in the transition seasons.
In the invention, the ultraviolet wavelength range is 10 nm-400 nm, the energy stored by the norbornadiene is related to the type of the norbornadiene, for example, the absorbable wavelength range of the norbornadiene is 456nm, the quantum yield is 0.28, the energy stored by the ultraviolet absorption wavelength is 5.43W/m2, and the energy loss of two parts caused by photoisomerization is 44.3W/m2 and 11.8W/m 2. After all the absorbable wavelengths (456nm) are absorbed by the norbornadiene, the stored energy is 11.3W/m2, and the two-part energy loss caused by photoisomerization is 85.3W/m2 and 21.8W/m2 respectively. Since the two parts of energy loss are also used for producing domestic hot water, if the two parts of energy loss are calculated, the contribution ratio of ultraviolet waves to heat is 51.9%. If only the heat of the molecular isomerization stored energy is calculated, the contribution of the ultraviolet wave to the heat is 47.9%. The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit other embodiments of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the core technology of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A heat pump system capable of realizing full-spectrum utilization of solar energy is characterized by comprising a full-spectrum solar energy subsystem and an absorption heat pump subsystem, wherein the full-spectrum solar energy subsystem comprises a norbornadiene tank (1), a molecular solar thermal reactor (2), a solar photovoltaic panel (3), an inverter (16), a vacuum tube thermal collector (4), a separator (5) and a chemical reactor (6), the chemical reactor (6) is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and the shell side of the chemical reactor is filled with a mercury bromide photosensitive catalyst; the molecular solar thermal reactor (2), the solar photovoltaic panel (3) and the vacuum tube heat collector (4) are sequentially stacked from top to bottom; an outlet of the norbornadiene tank (1) is connected with a mixture inlet of the separator (5) through an isomerization material channel in the molecular solar thermal reactor (2), a tetracycloalkane outlet of the separator (5) is connected with a shell side inlet of the chemical reactor (6), a shell side outlet of the chemical reactor (6) and a norbornadiene outlet of the separator (5) are connected with an inlet of the norbornadiene tank (1), and a tube side of the chemical reactor (6) and the vacuum tube heat collector (4) are respectively connected with heat source pipelines with different temperatures of the absorption heat pump subsystem through pipelines.
2. The heat pump system capable of realizing full spectrum utilization of solar energy according to claim 1, wherein the absorption heat pump subsystem comprises a high-pressure generator (10), a first low-pressure generator (8), a second low-pressure generator (9), a condenser (7), a low-temperature solution heat exchanger (11), a high-temperature solution heat exchanger (12) and an absorber (14), an inlet and an outlet of a heat source channel of the high-pressure generator (10) are respectively connected with an outlet and an inlet of a tube side of the chemical reactor (6), an inlet and an outlet of a heat source channel of the first low-pressure generator (8) are respectively connected with an outlet and an inlet of the vacuum tube heat collector (4), an outlet pipeline of a solution channel of the absorber (14) is divided into two paths after sequentially passing through a circulating pump and a low-temperature medium channel of the low-temperature solution heat exchanger (11), one path is connected with an inlet of a solution channel of the second low-pressure generator (9) through a solution channel of the first low-pressure generator (8), the other path is connected to the solution channel inlet of a second low-pressure generator (9) through a low-temperature medium channel of a high-temperature solution heat exchanger (12), a solution channel of a high-pressure generator (10) and a high-temperature medium channel of the high-temperature solution heat exchanger (12) in sequence, the solution channel outlet of the second low-pressure generator (9) is connected with the solution channel inlet of an absorber (14) through the high-temperature medium channel of the low-temperature solution heat exchanger (11), the steam outlet pipeline of the high-pressure generator (10) is connected with the steam inlet of a condenser (7) through the low-temperature heat source channel of the second low-pressure generator (9), the steam outlet pipeline of the first low-pressure generator (8) is connected with the steam inlet of the condenser (7), the steam outlet pipeline of the condenser (7) is connected with the steam inlet of the absorber (14), the water channel inlet of the absorber (14) is connected with a tap water pipe through a gate, the inlet of the water channel of the condenser (7) is connected with the outlet of the water channel of the absorber (14), and the outlet of the water channel is connected with a hot water supply pipeline through a gate, so that space hot water is provided for users in winter, and domestic hot water is provided for users in transitional seasons.
3. The heat pump system capable of utilizing solar energy in full spectrum according to claim 2, wherein the absorption heat pump subsystem further comprises a cooling tower (15) and an evaporator (13), a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe of the cooling tower (15) are respectively connected with a water channel outlet of the condenser (7) and a water channel inlet of the absorber (14) through gates, a working medium channel of the evaporator (13) is connected in series with a pipeline between a steam outlet of the condenser (7) and a steam inlet of the absorber (14), and a water channel of the evaporator (13) is connected with an external chilled water supply pipeline, so as to provide chilled water for users in summer.
4. The heat pump system capable of realizing full spectrum utilization of solar energy according to claim 3, wherein the high-pressure generator, the first low-pressure generator, the second low-pressure generator, the condenser, the absorber and the evaporator are all shell-and-tube heat exchangers, and the interior of the heat pump system is in a spray type structure.
5. The heat pump system capable of realizing full spectrum utilization of solar energy according to claim 4, wherein the low-temperature solution heat exchanger (11) and the high-temperature solution heat exchanger (12) are shell-and-tube heat exchangers, and lithium bromide solution is filled in the solution channels of each medium channel and each component connected with each medium channel.
6. The heat pump system capable of realizing full spectrum utilization of solar energy according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the molecular solar thermal reactor (2), the solar photovoltaic panel (3) and the solar evacuated tube collector (4) are arranged in an enclosed space, and the top of the enclosed space is a transparent window which is made of fused quartz material and is transparent window.
7. The heat pump system capable of realizing full spectrum utilization of solar energy according to claim 6, wherein the molecular solar thermal reactor (2) is provided with a water heating channel, an inlet of the water heating channel is connected with tap water, and an outlet of the water heating channel is connected with a domestic hot water supply pipeline.
8. The heat pump system capable of realizing full spectrum utilization of solar energy according to claim 7, wherein the direct current output end of the solar photovoltaic panel (3) is connected with an inverter, and the alternating current output end of the inverter is connected with a load.
9. The heat pump system capable of realizing full spectrum utilization of solar energy according to claim 8, wherein the tube side of the chemical reactor (6) and the evacuated tube collector (4) are filled with water.
10. The heat pump system capable of realizing full spectrum utilization of solar energy according to claim 9, wherein the molecular solar thermal reactor (2) is made of fused silica material and is provided with a cylindrical isomerization material channel in the middle for norbornadiene to flow through; the solar photovoltaic panel (3) is covered by a glass plate (3-1); the top of the solar vacuum tube heat collector (4) is provided with a glass cover (4-1), and the bottom is provided with a plastic seat (4-2).
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114659154A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-06-24 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Solar full-spectrum ground source heat pump heating system |
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