CN113154369A - Pulverized coal and ammonia mixed fuel preheating and decomposing combustion system and method - Google Patents
Pulverized coal and ammonia mixed fuel preheating and decomposing combustion system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113154369A CN113154369A CN202110585729.XA CN202110585729A CN113154369A CN 113154369 A CN113154369 A CN 113154369A CN 202110585729 A CN202110585729 A CN 202110585729A CN 113154369 A CN113154369 A CN 113154369A
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- pyrolysis
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- pulverized coal
- boiler
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 223
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
- F23C9/06—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber for completing combustion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K1/00—Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
- F23K1/04—Heating fuel prior to delivery to combustion apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a pulverized coal and ammonia mixed fuel preheating and decomposing combustion system and a method, wherein the system comprises a boiler, each layer of combustor of the boiler is communicated with a pyrolysis furnace through a transition flue, pulverized coal is mixed with primary air and then communicated with an inlet of each pyrolysis furnace in a multipath way, and secondary air is communicated with each pyrolysis furnace in a tangential way; an outlet of the liquid ammonia storage tank is communicated with a liquid ammonia inlet of the evaporator, ammonia at an ammonia outlet of the evaporator is communicated with an ammonia nozzle of each transition flue through a main ammonia pipeline in a multi-path ammonia branch pipeline, a main adjusting valve is arranged on the main ammonia pipeline, and an adjusting valve is arranged on each ammonia branch pipeline; the invention also discloses a working method of the system, and the system and the method have the advantages of large-proportion mixed combustion of ammonia and low emission of nitrogen oxides.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mixed ammonia fuel power generation technology, in particular to a preheating and decomposing combustion system and a preheating and decomposing combustion method for pulverized coal and ammonia mixed fuel.
Background
At present, the carbon dioxide emission of coal-fired power generation in China is about 540 g/kilowatt hour, and the reduction of the carbon dioxide emission of coal-fired boilers of thermal power plants still has great potential. In order to reduce the carbon emission, the thermal power plant needs to change the traditional coal-fired power generation mode with high carbon emission, and the coal and carbon reduction is realized by burning carbon-free fuels, such as biomass, hydrogen, ammonia and other alternative fuels, at the front end.
Ammonia has fuel properties with energy density comparable to fossil fuels, and direct combustion of ammonia can reduce energy losses in the cracking to hydrogen. On the other hand, ammonia is a renewable clean carbon-free fuel, greenhouse gas emission is avoided in the combustion process, and under the large background of carbon peak and carbon neutralization, the development and utilization of an efficient low-pollution combustion technology of ammonia can become one of effective ways for solving the problem of fossil energy substitution and realizing reduction of carbon emission of thermal power units.
The laminar flame speed of ammonia is low, and the ammonia is difficult to independently and stably combust, and the blending of ammonia and hydrocarbon fuel is a main means for improving the combustion rate of ammonia. Research shows that the boiler efficiency is reduced due to the fact that the ammonia mixing proportion is improved, for a coal-fired boiler, the existing ammonia mixing proportion is difficult to break through 10%, and a new combustion technology needs to be developed to achieve ammonia mixing in a larger proportion.
The fuel nitrogen content in ammonia is too high, and high unburned ammonia and nitrogen oxides generally exist in tail gas, so how to reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides while ensuring stable combustion is a main bottleneck restricting the utilization of ammonia fuel.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a system and a method for generating power by mixed combustion of coal powder and ammonia with large proportion of mixed combustion ammonia and low emission of nitrogen oxides.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a pulverized coal and ammonia mixed fuel preheating and decomposing combustion system comprises a boiler 8, wherein each layer of combustor of the boiler 8 is communicated with a pyrolysis furnace through a transition flue, pulverized coal 1 and primary air 2 are mixed and then communicated with the inlet of each pyrolysis furnace in a multipath manner, and secondary air 3 is communicated with each pyrolysis furnace in a tangential direction; 9 exports of liquid ammonia storage tank communicate 10 liquid ammonia entry of evaporimeter, and the ammonia 11 of the ammonia export of evaporimeter 10 divides the ammonia branch road to communicate the ammonia spout of every transition flue after passing through the ammonia main line, is provided with total governing valve 12 on the ammonia main line, sets up the governing valve on every way ammonia branch road.
When the boiler 8 operates with variable load, the pyrolysis furnaces with corresponding quantity are started and stopped according to the load.
The number of the pyrolysis furnaces is 2-4.
The working method of the pulverized coal and ammonia mixed fuel preheating and decomposing combustion system comprises the following steps:
1) mixing the pulverized coal 1 and primary air 2, and respectively feeding the pulverized coal and the primary air into a first pyrolysis furnace in multiple paths; the secondary air 3 is tangentially fed into the first pyrolysis furnace to provide oxygen for combustion supporting and simultaneously carries pulverized coal to rotate and advance along the wall; in a first pyrolysis furnace, coal powder 1 is subjected to pyrolysis reaction to generate pyrolysis gas, and the main components of the generated pyrolysis gas are carbon monoxide, methane and hydrogen;
2) after liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia storage tank 9 enters the evaporator 10, the liquid ammonia is gasified into ammonia gas 11 through heat absorption; the ammonia 11 is sprayed into the transition flue of the corresponding layer through the corresponding ammonia nozzle, and in the transition flue, the ammonia 11 is mixed with the pyrolysis gas and reduces the nitrogen oxide in the pyrolysis gas;
3) pyrolysis gas and ammonia gas 11 enter the boiler 8 through each layer of transition flue of the boiler 8 to be combusted, the pyrolysis gas generates carbon dioxide and water after being combusted, the ammonia gas 11 generates nitrogen and water after being combusted, and heat released by combustion reaction is used for generating power by the boiler;
4) when 8 variable load operation of boiler, open according to the load and stop corresponding quantity's pyrolysis oven, specifically do: increasing the number of the pyrolysis furnaces in operation at high load, and reducing the number of the pyrolysis furnaces in operation at low load; when each pyrolysis furnace is started, opening a corresponding ammonia nozzle and a corresponding regulating valve; when the pyrolysis furnace is shut down, closing the corresponding ammonia nozzle and the corresponding regulating valve; the mixing proportion of ammonia gas and pulverized coal is adjusted through the main adjusting valve 12, the flow of ammonia in each layer of combustor is finely adjusted through each layer of adjusting valve, and the stable combustion of low nitrogen oxides of ammonia is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the flame speed of the coal gasification gas is not lower than that of natural gas, the fuel cost is also lower than that of natural gas, the source is more stable than that of natural gas, the influence of market price floating is small, and the cost of ammonia fuel power generation can be reduced by adopting the coal gasification gas mixed with ammonia for combustion.
The main components of the coal gasification gas are hydrogen and carbon monoxide, the flame speed of the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide can be improved simultaneously by adding ammonia into the carbon monoxide, and the flame speed can be improved to the maximum degree by using the hydrogen as the blending fuel of the ammonia, so that the flame stability of ammonia combustion is improved, and the blending proportion of the ammonia is improved. Meanwhile, ammonia is a carbon-free fuel, and the carbon emission in the coal-fired power generation process can be reduced by high-proportion blending of ammonia gas in the coal-fired boiler.
In a high-temperature strong-reducibility flue gas environment, the sprayed ammonia generates a chain reaction to generate OH and H free radicals, and the reaction of the ammonia and the nitrogen oxides can be promoted, so that the concentration of the nitrogen oxides in the coal gasification gas is reduced. When the coal gasification gas and the ammonia are mixed to be combusted, the carbon monoxide and the oxygen are combined more quickly, so that the reaction of the ammonia and the excessive oxygen can be inhibited, and the emission of nitrogen oxides in the ammonia combustion process is reduced.
According to the invention, one pyrolysis furnace is arranged at each layer of combustor of the boiler, the thermal power of each pyrolysis furnace is equal, and the volume and the manufacturing cost of the pyrolysis furnace can be reduced. The pyrolysis furnace adopts a cyclone gasification mode, so that the retention time of coal powder in the furnace can be prolonged, and the proportion of combustible components in gasified gas can be improved. The tail part of each pyrolysis furnace is provided with an independent ammonia nozzle and an independent regulating valve, the start and stop of the pyrolysis furnace are flexibly adjusted according to the load change of the unit, and the mixing proportion of ammonia and coal powder is adjusted, so that the variable load response speed of the unit is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pre-pyrolysis combustion system of pulverized coal and ammonia mixed fuel according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the following figures and specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the system for pre-pyrolysis combustion of pulverized coal and ammonia mixed fuel in the embodiment includes a boiler 8, two layers of burners of the boiler 8 are respectively communicated with a first pyrolysis furnace 4 and a second pyrolysis furnace 5 through a first layer transition flue 6 and a second layer transition flue 7, pulverized coal 1 is mixed with primary air 2 and then communicated with inlets of the first pyrolysis furnace 4 and the second pyrolysis furnace 5 in two ways, and secondary air 3 is communicated with the first pyrolysis furnace 4 and the second pyrolysis furnace 5 tangentially; an outlet of the liquid ammonia storage tank 9 is communicated with a liquid ammonia inlet of the evaporator 10, ammonia 11 at an ammonia outlet of the evaporator 10 passes through an ammonia main pipeline and then is divided into two paths of ammonia branches to be respectively communicated with ammonia nozzles of the first layer transition flue 6 and the second layer transition flue 7, a main adjusting valve 12 is arranged on the ammonia main pipeline, and a first layer adjusting valve 13 and a second layer adjusting valve 15 are respectively arranged on the two paths of ammonia branches.
The working method of the pulverized coal and ammonia mixed fuel preheating and decomposing combustion system in the embodiment is as follows:
1) the pulverized coal 1 and the primary air 2 are mixed and then are respectively sent into a first pyrolysis furnace 4 and a second pyrolysis furnace 5. The secondary air 3 is tangentially sent into the first pyrolysis furnace 4 and the second pyrolysis furnace 5, provides oxygen for combustion supporting, and simultaneously carries pulverized coal to rotate and advance along the wall. The first layer pyrolysis furnace 4 is connected with a first layer combustor of a boiler 8 through a first layer transition flue 6, the second layer pyrolysis furnace 5 is connected with a second layer combustor of the boiler 8 through a second layer transition flue 7, and the number of the pyrolysis furnaces is 2-4.
2) In the pyrolysis furnace, coal powder 1 is subjected to pyrolysis reaction to generate pyrolysis gas, and the reaction equation is as follows: 2CHxOy+(1-y)O2→2CO+xH2，3C+2O2→2CO+CO2，CO2+ C → 2CO, the main components of the generated pyrolysis gas are carbon monoxide, methane and hydrogen.
3) Liquid ammonia is stored in a liquid ammonia storage tank 9, and the liquid ammonia storage tank 9 is connected with a vaporizer 10. After entering the evaporator 10, the liquid ammonia is gasified into ammonia gas 11 by heat absorption. The ammonia gas 11 is sprayed into the first layer transition flue 6 through the first layer ammonia nozzle 14, is sprayed into the second layer transition flue 7 through the second layer ammonia nozzle 16, is mixed with the pyrolysis gas and reduces the nitrogen oxide in the pyrolysis gas, and the reaction equation is NOx+NH3→N2+H2And O. The pyrolysis gas and the ammonia gas 11 enter the boiler 8 through the transition flue to be combusted, the pyrolysis gas generates carbon dioxide and water after being combusted, and the reaction equation is CO + O2→CO2，H2+O2→H2And O. The ammonia gas 11 is combusted to produce nitrogen and water, and the reaction equation is O2+NH3→NO+H2O，O2+NO→NO2，NO+NO2+NH3→N2+H2And O. The heat released by the combustion reaction is used for generating power by a boiler.
4) When 8 variable load operation of boiler, open according to the load and stop corresponding quantity's pyrolysis oven, specifically do: the number of pyrolysis furnaces put into operation is increased at high load, and the number of pyrolysis furnaces put into operation is decreased at low load. When each pyrolysis furnace is started, opening a corresponding ammonia nozzle and a corresponding regulating valve; and when the pyrolysis furnace is shut down, closing the corresponding ammonia nozzle and the corresponding regulating valve. The mixing proportion of ammonia gas and pulverized coal is adjusted through the main adjusting valve 12, and the flow of ammonia in each layer of combustor is finely adjusted through the first layer adjusting valve 13 and the second layer adjusting valve 15, so that the stable combustion of low nitrogen oxides of ammonia is realized.
Claims (4)
1. A pulverized coal and ammonia mixed fuel preheating and pyrolysis combustion system is characterized by comprising a boiler (8), wherein each layer of combustor of the boiler (8) is communicated with a pyrolysis furnace through a transition flue, pulverized coal (1) is mixed with primary air (2) and then communicated with an inlet of each pyrolysis furnace in a multipath manner, and secondary air (3) is communicated with each pyrolysis furnace in a tangential manner; an outlet of the liquid ammonia storage tank (9) is communicated with a liquid ammonia inlet of the evaporator (10), ammonia (11) at an ammonia outlet of the evaporator (10) is communicated with an ammonia nozzle of each transition flue through a main ammonia pipeline by a plurality of paths of ammonia branches, a main adjusting valve (12) is arranged on the main ammonia pipeline, and an adjusting valve is arranged on each path of ammonia branch.
2. The pre-pyrolysis combustion system of pulverized coal and ammonia mixed fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that when the boiler (8) is operated with variable load, a corresponding number of pyrolysis furnaces are started and stopped according to the load.
3. The pre-pyrolysis combustion system for pulverized coal and ammonia mixed fuel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of the pyrolysis furnaces is 2-4.
4. The operation method of the pulverized coal and ammonia mixed fuel pre-pyrolysis combustion system as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by comprising the steps of:
1) mixing the coal powder (1) and the primary air (2), and respectively feeding the mixture into a first pyrolysis furnace in multiple paths; the secondary air (3) is tangentially fed into the first pyrolysis furnace to provide oxygen for combustion supporting and simultaneously carries pulverized coal to rotate and advance along the wall; in a first pyrolysis furnace, coal powder (1) is subjected to pyrolysis reaction to generate pyrolysis gas, and the main components of the generated pyrolysis gas are carbon monoxide, methane and hydrogen;
2) after liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia storage tank (9) enters the evaporator (10), the liquid ammonia is gasified into ammonia gas (11) through heat absorption; the ammonia (11) is sprayed into the transition flue of the corresponding layer through the corresponding ammonia nozzle, and in the transition flue, the ammonia (11) is mixed with the pyrolysis gas and reduces the nitrogen oxide in the pyrolysis gas;
3) pyrolysis gas and ammonia gas (11) enter the boiler (8) through each layer of transition flue of the boiler (8) to be combusted, the pyrolysis gas is combusted to generate carbon dioxide and water, the ammonia gas (11) is combusted to generate nitrogen and water, and heat released by combustion reaction is used for generating power by the boiler;
4) when the boiler (8) becomes the load operation, open according to the load and stop corresponding quantity's pyrolysis oven, specifically do: increasing the number of the pyrolysis furnaces in operation at high load, and reducing the number of the pyrolysis furnaces in operation at low load; when each pyrolysis furnace is started, opening a corresponding ammonia nozzle and a corresponding regulating valve; when the pyrolysis furnace is shut down, closing the corresponding ammonia nozzle and the corresponding regulating valve; the mixing proportion of ammonia gas and pulverized coal is adjusted through a main adjusting valve (12), and the flow of ammonia in each layer of combustor is finely adjusted through each layer of adjusting valve, so that the stable combustion of low nitrogen oxides of ammonia is realized.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110585729.XA CN113154369A (en) | 2021-05-27 | 2021-05-27 | Pulverized coal and ammonia mixed fuel preheating and decomposing combustion system and method |
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| CN202110585729.XA CN113154369A (en) | 2021-05-27 | 2021-05-27 | Pulverized coal and ammonia mixed fuel preheating and decomposing combustion system and method |
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Cited By (4)
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| CN114877334A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-08-09 | 西安交通大学 | Ammonia gas and pulverized coal dual-fuel burner for industrial pulverized coal boiler |
| CN115164199A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-10-11 | 天津大学 | Ammonia coal co-combustion low-nitrogen combustor, ammonia coal co-combustion low-nitrogen combustion furnace and use method thereof |
| WO2022257282A1 (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2022-12-15 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | System and method for reducing carbon dioxide emission of coal-fired unit by using ammonia combustion |
| CN117070235A (en) * | 2023-09-15 | 2023-11-17 | 天津大学 | Ammonia-assisted organic solid waste pyrolysis resource utilization device and method |
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