Antibacterial paper based on nano-micro heterojunction structure and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of special paper preparation, and particularly relates to antibacterial paper based on a nano-micro heterojunction structure and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The fiber-based material such as paper is considered as the most promising packaging material, can meet the consumption requirements of recycling, biodegradation, light weight and recycling, and is widely applied to the fields of sanitary care products, special medical products, industrial wiping products and the like. Similar to the textile industry, paper mostly adopts natural fibers or artificial cellulose fibers, the natural fibers are easy to absorb moisture, and under the condition of proper temperature and humidity, macromolecular structures of the natural fibers are easy to be hydrolyzed by enzymes secreted by infected microorganisms to release nutrient substances, so that the microorganisms obtain more nutrients and propagate in large quantities, and finally the paper is mildewed. Therefore, there is an important scientific significance in developing and developing functional paper which has antibacterial properties and can inhibit microorganisms on the surface of paper.
At present, the research of domestic antibacterial paper is still in the primary stage, and the preparation method mainly comprises surface sizing, surface coating, spraying, dipping, adding in pulp, cellulose modification technology, printing ink adding method and the like; common processing methods are wet cloth addition, surface sizing, spraying, dipping, coating, or other methods of introducing antibacterial groups into a material to achieve its antibacterial properties. Commonly used antimicrobial agents include mainly: natural antibacterial agents, organic antibacterial agents, inorganic antibacterial agents, and the like.
Wherein the natural antimicrobial comprises: natural mineral, natural animal and natural plant antibacterial agents. For example, chinese patent CN105040509A provides a method for producing nano chitosan-based quaternary ammonium alkyl starch ether composite antibacterial paper, which is to mix nano chitosan and quaternary ammonium alkyl starch ether to prepare a nano chitosan-based quaternary ammonium alkyl starch ether composite papermaking dry strength agent, and add the dry strength agent into paper pulp to make paper, thereby obtaining antibacterial paper with good antibacterial performance and excellent physical properties. Although the natural antibacterial agent has high use safety, good compatibility with human bodies and no stimulation, the natural antibacterial agent has poor thermal stability, short duration of the drug effect and easy yellowing, so the application range is limited.
The organic antibacterial agent mainly comprises: organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt antibacterial agent, organic guanidine antibacterial agent, organic phenol antibacterial agent, etc. The organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt antibacterial agent has poor binding force with fibers, and can be used together with reactive resin to improve the durability of application; the organic phenol antibacterial agent has special pungent smell; since the organic guanidine antibacterial agent has a small molecular weight, it is easily decomposed at high temperature and loses antibacterial activity, and poor stability becomes a factor that restricts the use of the organic guanidine antibacterial agent.
The inorganic antibacterial agent mainly comprises: namely inorganic antibacterial agents and photocatalytic semiconductor antibacterial agents containing antibacterial metals (silver, copper, zinc, silver, nickel, etc.). For example, chinese patent CN105780590A provides a method for producing silver-loaded antibacterial paper, which combines prebiotics and silver-loaded antibacterial agents in the antibacterial paper, so as to achieve fast and good sterilization and bacteriostasis effects, and simultaneously, well inhibit the growth and growth of microbes in the antibacterial paper, thereby preventing the growth of microbes from damaging the quality of the antibacterial paper and ensuring the quality of the antibacterial paper. Although silver-based antibacterial agents have the advantages of wide antibacterial spectrum, strong antibacterial activity and the like, ag belongs to heavy metals, and plays an antibacterial role depending on the precipitation of silver ions, so that heavy metal poisoning can be caused by long-term ingestion of human bodies. Meanwhile, silver-based antibacterial agents are easily discolored during storage, and in addition, silver-based antibacterial materials are not suitable for wet tissues, facial masks and the like and are easily yellowed. Chinese invention patent CN107858862A provides a preparation and application of a precipitation-free antibacterial dust-free paper, which utilizes a pre-synthesized rare earth mineral doped nano metal oxide to be added into a cross-linking agent of the paper, and endows the paper with an antibacterial function by a spraying mode, wherein the mode adopts rare earth minerals, the cost is higher, and the antibacterial activity of the rare earth mineral doped nano metal oxide depends on the excitation of light, and the antibacterial performance is weaker in dark or low-light environments. Therefore, the antibacterial technology which has good antibacterial property and safety and is suitable for different application scenes is sought, and has important scientific and practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the antibacterial paper based on the nano-micro heterojunction structure, which has a high-efficiency and durable antibacterial function and does not have any negative influence on the color and the hand feeling of the paper, and the preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the preparation method of the antibacterial paper based on the nano-micro heterojunction structure is provided, micron metal oxide of the same metal element and a precursor containing metal are added into a cross-linking agent for paper, and are uniformly stirred to form a homogeneous cross-linking system; in the paper making process link of paper production, according to the liquid carrying rate of 80-120%, spraying the homogeneous phase crosslinking system on the front and back surfaces of paper in a spraying mode, adopting high-temperature drying treatment, growing nano oxide on the surface of micron metal oxide adsorbed by the paper in situ to form heterojunction with a strawberry nano-microsphere structure, and then performing calendaring and roll dropping to obtain the antibacterial paper based on the nano-micro heterojunction structure.
In the technical scheme of the invention, soluble metal salt, weak base and a complexing dispersant are placed in a hydrothermal reaction kettle or a microwave reaction kettle and react to generate micron metal oxide with the size range of 400-1000 nm; preparing soluble metal salt into aqueous solution, adding a proper amount of urea and a complexing dispersant, and uniformly stirring to obtain the precursor containing the metal.
The invention adds micron metal oxide and metal-containing precursor into the cross-linking agent for paper, the molar ratio of their metal elements is 7-15; the mass concentration of the micron metal oxide and the precursor containing the metal in the crosslinking agent for the paper is 8-12%.
The soluble metal salt comprises one or more of acetate, nitrate, sulfate and oxalate; the complexing dispersant comprises one or more of hyaluronic acid, amino acid, polypeptide, cyclodextrin and polyvinylpyrrolidone; the weak base comprises urea, ammonia water, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and triethanolamine.
The technical scheme of the invention also comprises the antibacterial paper based on the nano-micro heterojunction structure, which is obtained by the preparation method.
The principle of the invention is as follows: by means of a high-temperature environment in paper production, nanometer oxides with smaller grain sizes grow on the surfaces of the micron metal oxides in situ to form heterojunctions of a strawberry nano microsphere structure, and the high-efficiency antibacterial performance is realized by utilizing the catalytic action of the heterojunctions, so that the paper with the antibacterial function is obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the paper obtained by the invention not only has high-efficiency and lasting antibacterial function, but also has antibacterial performance independent of light excitation, and has wider application prospect.
2. The antibacterial agent in the antibacterial paper provided by the invention has no precipitation, is efficient and durable in antibiosis, has no negative influence on the color and hand feeling of the paper, and can be widely applied to the field needing safe and efficient antibiosis.
Drawings
Fig. 1 and 2 are scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope images of the nano micro material on the antibacterial paper provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention, respectively.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The starting materials for the preparation process according to the invention are commercially available or can be prepared by processes known in the art. The antibacterial property test was carried out in accordance with JIS L1902 2015 (verification of antibacterial activity and effect of textile: quantitative test (absorption method).
Example 1:
respectively dispersing zinc acetate and urea in water to prepare 0.01M aqueous dispersion; according to the proportion of 1:3, adding the aqueous dispersion of zinc acetate and urea into a 500-milliliter flask, adding an appropriate amount of 0.1 percent PVP, reacting in a hydrothermal reaction kettle at 150 ℃ for 30 minutes, cooling, centrifugally separating, removing sediment at the bottom, and obtaining micron-sized zinc oxide dispersion; respectively dispersing zinc acetate and urea in water to prepare 0.01M aqueous dispersion; according to the following steps: 3 into a 500 ml flask, adding an appropriate amount of 0.1% pvp, to obtain a zinc-containing precursor; according to the molar ratio of zinc of 10:1, mixing micron metal zinc oxide and a zinc-containing precursor, adding the mixture into special crosslinking agent polyacrylate for paper according to the mass concentration of 10%, uniformly stirring to form a homogeneous crosslinking system, spraying the homogeneous crosslinking system on the front and back surfaces of paper in a spraying manner according to the proportion of 100% in a paper making process link of paper production, drying at a high temperature of 165 ℃, calendaring, and rolling to obtain the paper product with an antibacterial function.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope images of the calcined nano material of the antibacterial paper provided in this embodiment are shown; fig. 1 and 2 show that the antibacterial paper product prepared by the processing method of the embodiment has strawberry-shaped nano/micro zinc oxide material on the surface.
The antibacterial effect of the paper product prepared by the process of this example is shown in table 1.
Table 1:
the test results shown in table 1 indicate that the antibacterial paper provided in this example has excellent antibacterial effects both in the presence and absence of light.
Example 2:
respectively dispersing molybdenum nitrate and sodium bicarbonate in water to prepare 0.01M aqueous dispersion; according to volume 1:3, adding the molybdenum nitrate and sodium bicarbonate water dispersion into a 500-milliliter flask, adding an appropriate amount of 0.1 percent PVP, reacting in a hydrothermal reaction kettle at 150 ℃ for 30 minutes, cooling, centrifugally separating, and removing bottom sediment to obtain micron-sized molybdenum oxide dispersion; respectively dispersing molybdenum nitrate and urea in water to prepare 0.01M aqueous dispersion; according to volume 1:3 into a 500 ml flask, adding an appropriate amount of 0.1% pvp to the aqueous dispersion of molybdenum nitrate and urea to obtain a molybdenum-containing precursor; according to the molar ratio of molybdenum of 10:1, adding the micron molybdenum oxide and the molybdenum-containing drive body into the special cross-linking agent polyacrylate for paper according to the mass ratio of 8%, uniformly stirring to form a homogeneous cross-linking system, spraying the homogeneous system on the front and back surfaces of the paper in a spraying mode according to the ratio of 100% in a paper making process link of paper production, drying at a high temperature of 165 ℃, calendaring, and rolling to obtain the dust-free paper with an antibacterial function.
Example 3:
respectively dispersing zinc nitrate and sodium bicarbonate in water to prepare 0.01M aqueous dispersion; according to volume 1:3, adding the zinc nitrate and sodium bicarbonate water dispersion into a 500 ml flask, adding an appropriate amount of 0.1 percent PVP, reacting in a microwave reactor at 170 ℃ for 15min, cooling, centrifugally separating, and removing bottom sediment to obtain micron-sized zinc oxide dispersion; respectively dispersing zinc nitrate and urea in water to prepare 0.01M aqueous dispersion; according to volume 1:3 into a 500 ml flask, adding an appropriate amount of 0.1% pvp, to obtain a zinc-containing precursor; according to the zinc molar ratio of 10:1, adding micrometer metal zinc oxide and a zinc-containing precursor into a special paper cross-linking agent vinyl acetate according to the mass ratio of 10%, uniformly stirring to form a homogeneous cross-linking system, spraying the homogeneous system on the front and back surfaces of paper in a spraying manner according to the ratio of 100% in a papermaking process link of paper production, drying at a high temperature of 165 ℃, calendaring, and rolling to obtain the paper with an antibacterial function.