CN113141127A - Intelligent piezoelectric vibration energy collector - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
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Abstract
An intelligent piezoelectric vibration energy collector relates to the technical field of vibration energy collection, solves the problem of poor detection precision and effect of the existing piezoelectric vibration energy collector, and comprises a frequency sensor of a piezoelectric vibration energy collection device, a control processor and a stepping motor, wherein the collection device comprises a cantilever beam with an overhanging length capable of being adjusted along the length direction of the collection device; the frequency sensor is arranged on the acquisition device, can detect a vibration frequency signal of the external excitation source and sends the vibration frequency signal to the control processor; the control processor can adjust the overhanging length of the cantilever beam by controlling the stepping motor according to the vibration frequency signal, so that the natural frequency of the acquisition device is close to or reaches the frequency capable of resonating with an external excitation source. The cantilever beam external excitation frequency detection device can detect and sense the external excitation vibration frequency, automatically adjust the extension length of the cantilever beam, realize the matching of the natural frequency and the external excitation frequency, and improve the energy collection efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vibration energy collection, in particular to an intelligent piezoelectric vibration energy collector.
Background
The piezoelectric vibration energy collector utilizes the positive piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric material and can convert waste vibration energy in the environment into utilizable electric energy. The cantilever beam in the existing cantilever beam piezoelectric energy collector has fixed extension length. However, the vibration frequency of the external excitation source (carrier) is not single and constant, and when the frequency of the external excitation source (carrier) changes, the common acquisition device cannot sense the frequency of the external excitation at any time, and cannot make corresponding adjustment after detecting the frequency, so that the collection rate of energy is greatly reduced.
The energy collector provided in chinese patent application publication No. CN103036478A, high efficiency broadband vibration energy collector with elastic amplification mechanism, can amplify the weak vibration displacement of the base, thereby improving the energy conversion efficiency of the piezoelectric vibrator. In the chinese patent application publication No. CN105610347A, a non-linear wideband piezoelectric vibration energy harvester, a two-degree-of-freedom non-linear vibration system is composed of an elastic amplification mechanism and a bistable piezoelectric vibration energy harvester, and the gap between two permanent magnets can be adjusted, so as to widen the operating frequency band of the bistable piezoelectric vibration energy harvester, thereby realizing efficient collection of vibration energy. Chinese patent publication No. CN210839391U, "a cantilever beam type nonlinear piezoelectric vibration energy harvester", discloses that the overhanging length of the cantilever beam can be manually adjusted, thereby changing the natural frequency of the cantilever beam and making the energy harvester more effectively match with the external excitation source.
The main problem in the prior art is that when the external environment is excited to change, the length of the cantilever beam is fixed or can only be adjusted in a manual adjusting mode, automatic adjustment cannot be achieved, manual adjustment is inconvenient, and the length can only be adjusted roughly according to experience, so that the energy collecting efficiency is not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the energy collection efficiency of the conventional piezoelectric vibration energy collector is low, the invention provides an intelligent piezoelectric vibration energy collector.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
an intelligent piezoelectric vibration energy collector comprises a piezoelectric vibration energy collecting device, wherein the collecting device comprises a cantilever beam with an overhanging length capable of being adjusted along the length direction of the collecting device; the frequency sensor is arranged on the piezoelectric vibration energy acquisition device and can detect the vibration frequency of the external excitation source to obtain vibration frequency information and send the vibration frequency information to the control processor; the control processor can adjust the overhanging length of the cantilever beam by controlling the stepping motor according to the vibration frequency information, so that the natural frequency of the piezoelectric vibration energy collecting device is close to or reaches the frequency capable of resonating with an external excitation source. The invention has the beneficial effects that:
when the external environment of the intelligent piezoelectric vibration energy collector is excited and changed, the external excitation vibration frequency is detected and sensed, the extending length of the cantilever beam is automatically adjusted, and the structural parameters of the energy collection system are intelligently adjusted in time so that the natural frequency of the energy collection system is matched with the frequency of the external excitation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an intelligent piezoelectric vibration energy harvester of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partial structural view of an intelligent piezoelectric vibration energy harvester of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a transmission device of an intelligent piezoelectric vibration energy harvester of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a front view of an assembly of a cantilever interface slot of an intelligent piezoelectric vibration energy harvester of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an assembled left side view of a cantilever interface slot of an intelligent piezoelectric vibration energy harvester of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the regulation and control of an intelligent piezoelectric vibration energy harvester of the present invention
Fig. 7 is a flow chart of the operation of an intelligent piezoelectric vibration energy harvester of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. cantilever beam, 2, piezoelectric bimorph ceramic wafer, 3, a support frame, 4, a PLC controller, 5, a frequency sensor, 6, a stepping motor, 7, a transmission device, 101, a metal substrate, 102, a rack, 103, a first permanent magnet, 104, a second permanent magnet, 201, an upper piezoelectric ceramic wafer, 202, a lower piezoelectric ceramic wafer, 301, a left side plate, 302, a right side plate, 303, the axis of a left side bottom fastening screw, 304, the axis of a right side bottom fastening screw, 305, a pinch roller, 306, the axis of a left side top fastening screw, 307, a bottom plate, 401, the axis of a first screw, 601, the axis of a second screw, 701 and a gear.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
An intelligent piezoelectric vibration energy collector comprises a piezoelectric vibration energy collecting device, a frequency sensor 5, a control processor and a stepping motor 6. The piezoelectric vibration energy collecting device comprises a cantilever beam, and the extension length of the cantilever beam can be adjusted along the length direction of the cantilever beam. The frequency sensor 5 is installed on the piezoelectric vibration energy collecting device, the frequency sensor 5 can detect the vibration frequency of the external excitation source to obtain vibration frequency information, and the frequency sensor 5 can send the vibration frequency information obtained by detection to the control processor. The step motor 6 can adjust the extending length of the cantilever beam 1 by rotating. The control processor can control the stepping motor 6 to rotate, and the control processor can adjust the extending length of the cantilever beam 1 by controlling the stepping motor 6 according to the vibration frequency information. By adjusting the extension length of the cantilever beam 1, the inherent frequency of the piezoelectric vibration energy collecting device is close to or reaches the resonance frequency, so that the energy collecting efficiency of the piezoelectric vibration energy collecting device is improved.
Preferably, by adjusting the overhanging length of the cantilever beam 1, the natural frequency of the piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting device reaches a frequency range capable of resonating with an external excitation source.
One implementation manner of the control processor is as follows: the control processor is uploaded with at least two frequency bands, can determine which frequency band the vibration frequency information sent by the frequency sensor 5 is located in, and controls the stepping motor 6 to rotate according to the located frequency band so as to adjust the extension length of the cantilever beam 1. The frequency range is the natural frequency range value of the piezoelectric vibration energy collecting device, namely, the cantilever beam 1 has at least two extension length ranges, the number of the extension length ranges is the same as the number of the frequency ranges, the extension length ranges and the frequency ranges are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner, each extension length range corresponds to one natural frequency range of the piezoelectric vibration energy collecting device, the control processor is uploaded with the natural frequency range values of the piezoelectric vibration energy collecting devices corresponding to different extension length ranges of the cantilever beam 1, the control processor can judge which natural frequency range value of the piezoelectric vibration energy collecting device the vibration frequency information belongs to or is closest to, and controlling the stepping motor 6 to rotate according to the judgment result so as to adjust the extension length of the cantilever beam 1, so that the extension length of the cantilever beam 1 reaches a corresponding extension length range, and the natural frequency range value of the piezoelectric vibration energy collecting device is closer to the vibration frequency of the external excitation source and even can resonate.
Another implementation manner of the control processor is as follows: the control processor calculates the natural frequency omega of the piezoelectric vibration energy collecting device capable of resonating with the vibration frequency information according to the received vibration frequency informationnAccording to ωnAnd calculating the ideal overhanging length l of the cantilever beam 1, controlling the stepping motor 6 to rotate according to l so as to adjust the overhanging length of the cantilever beam 1, and preferably controlling the stepping motor 6 to rotate according to the ideal overhanging length of the cantilever beam 1 so as to adjust the cantilever beam 1 to the ideal overhanging length of the cantilever beam 1. The formula for l is:
wherein E is the elastic modulus of the cantilever beam 1, I is the section inertia moment of the cantilever beam 1, and meq33/140 times the mass of the cantilever beam 1 is added to the mass of the mass mounted at the end of the cantilever beam 1.
The piezoelectric vibration energy collecting device comprises a cantilever beam 1, an object block (also called a concentrated mass block or a cantilever end object block), a supporting frame 3 and a transmission device 7, and the structure is shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2.
The cantilever beam 1 is movable along its length, changing its outer elongation by moving along its length. The cantilever beam 1 is made of low-magnetism stainless steel and comprises a piezoelectric bimorph ceramic piece 2 and a metal substrate 101, wherein the piezoelectric bimorph ceramic piece 2 comprises a first piezoelectric ceramic piece and a second piezoelectric ceramic piece, and the bimorph cantilever beam 1 is formed by bonding the first piezoelectric ceramic piece and the second piezoelectric ceramic piece which have the same structure size and material property, opposite polarization directions and large piezoelectric coefficients on the upper surface and the lower surface of the metal substrate 101 of the piezoelectric bimorph cantilever beam 1 after high-temperature curing through high-strength bonding glue. The first piezoelectric ceramic piece and the second piezoelectric ceramic piece are electrically connected in series, and the piezoelectric bicrystal ceramic piece 2 is connected with an external load resistor to form a loop, so that the power supply function of the external load resistor is realized. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 as "i", "ii", and "iii", the cantilever adjustable portion of the cantilever beam 1 is divided into sections i, ii, and iii, which are equal in length.
The concentrated mass block is positioned at the end part of the extending end of the cantilever beam 1 and is connected with the end surface of the extending end, and the concentrated mass block adopts a first permanent magnet 103.
The transmission device 7 is arranged at the fixed side end of the cantilever beam 1, the transmission device 7 comprises a gear 701 and a rack 102, as shown in fig. 3, the rack 102 is fixed on the cantilever beam 1, the rack 102 is specifically arranged along the length direction of the cantilever beam 1, the rack 102 is meshed with the gear 701, the gear 701 is connected with the stepping motor 6, and the driving force provided by the stepping motor 6 realizes the control of the length of the extending end of the cantilever beam 1 by means of the transmission device 7 of the gear 701 and the rack 102.
The support frame 3 is U-shaped, and the support frame 3 includes a left side plate 301, a right side plate 302, a left side bottom fastening screw, a right side bottom fastening screw, a pressing wheel 305, and a bottom plate 307. As fig. 4 and 5, a connection sliding groove interface is opened to left side board 301 and is called the interface slot, pinch roller 305 is constituteed to steamboat evenly distributed one row, pinch roller 305 is through adhesive fixation in the inside upper and lower face of interface slot, have the rubber sleeve on the pinch roller 305, there is anti-skidding line on the rubber sleeve, easily make pinch roller 305 compress tightly cantilever beam 1, left side board 301 is fixed with bottom plate 307 by left side bottom fastening screw, the degree of compressing tightly of pinch roller 305 and cantilever beam 1 is realized adjusting through left side top fastening screw. The right side plate 302 is fixed to the bottom plate 307 by a right bottom fastening screw. The second permanent magnet 104 is fixed to the right plate 302, the second permanent magnet 104 is provided corresponding to the first permanent magnet 103, and the magnetic property of the surface of the second permanent magnet 104 facing the first permanent magnet 103 is the same as the magnetic property of the surface of the first permanent magnet 103 facing the second permanent magnet 104.
The frequency sensor 5 is mounted on the bottom plate 307 of the support frame 3, and may be provided on the left side plate 301 or the right side plate 302 if the support frame 3 is formed integrally. The control processor adopts a PLC (programmable logic controller) 4, and the PLC 4 can be fixed on the left side plate 301 through a first screw. The stepping motor 6 is fixed on the left side plate 301 through a second screw, and the transmission device 7 is engaged with a gear 701 connected with the stepping motor 6 and a rack 102 fixed on the cantilever beam 1 for transmission. The straight lines of the respective screw mounting positions are shown only by broken lines in fig. 1 and 2, and the screws are not shown. The frequency sensor 5 is used for detecting the vibration frequency of a carrier (such as an aircraft), the frequency sensor 5 is connected with the PLC 4 through an information connecting line, and the PLC 4 is connected with the stepping motor 6 through an information connecting line. The frequency sensor 5 transmits the acquired vibration frequency information to the PLC 4 through an information connecting line, the PLC 4 outputs motor control information, and the motor control information is transmitted to the stepping motor 6 through the information connecting line.
An intelligent piezoelectric vibration energy collector can divide the vibration frequency of a detected external excitation source into three frequency bands of low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency, after the vibration frequency of the external excitation source detected by a frequency sensor 5 is transmitted to a PLC (programmable logic controller) 4, the PLC 4 sends an instruction (namely motor control information) to a stepping motor 6 according to the current position of a cantilever beam 1, the cantilever beam 1 reaches one of three expected positions (I, II and III sections) through positive rotation (corresponding to the cantilever beam 1 extending outwards) or reverse rotation (corresponding to the cantilever beam 1 retracting inwards) and the number of rotation turns by utilizing a gear 701 connected with a motor output shaft and a rack 102 connected with the cantilever beam 1, so that the natural frequency of the piezoelectric vibration energy collector is matched with the carrier motion frequency, namely close to a resonance condition, and the energy collection efficiency is maximized. Like fig. 6, PLC controller 4 includes AD module and orientation module, and step motor 6 can be through rotating the spacing (I section) of cantilever beam 1I, spacing (II sections) of cantilever beam 1 II and spacing (III sections) of cantilever beam 1 III. When the sensor detects that the frequency of the external excitation source is in a low-frequency band (preferably, the frequency of the external excitation source is lower than the low-frequency band), the PLC 4 can automatically adjust the cantilever position of the cantilever beam 1 to the outermost end, namely, the I section, by matching with the stepping motor 6 and the transmission device 7; when the frequency of the external excitation source is detected to be in the intermediate frequency band, the PLC 4 judges that the frequency belongs to the intermediate frequency band cantilever beam 1 II limiting frequency, and the PLC 4 can automatically adjust the cantilever position of the cantilever beam 1 piezoelectric vibration collector to reach the middle limiting position, namely II section by matching with the stepping motor 6 and the transmission device 7; when the frequency of the external excitation source is detected to be in a high-frequency band (preferably, the frequency of the external excitation source is higher than the high-frequency band), the PLC 4 cooperates with the stepping motor 6 and the transmission device 7 to change the cantilever position of the piezoelectric vibration collector of the cantilever beam 1 to reach the innermost end, namely the section III, of the limited position. The invention adopts intelligent detection and automatic adjustment technology, and utilizes the programmable logic controller to carry out the flow design of input sampling detection, user program execution detection and output control, so that the cantilever beam type piezoelectric vibration energy collector can sense the change of the vibration frequency of external excitation, and can automatically adjust the external elongation, thereby intelligently changing the natural frequency of the collector and enabling the natural frequency to be matched with the vibration frequency of the external excitation. The specific process is shown in fig. 7, the frequency sensor 5 measures the frequency of the carrier vibration and then sends the frequency to the a/D module of the PLC controller 4 for data conversion, and then the frequency is processed and judged by the positioning module, the positioning module judges whether the frequency belongs to a low frequency band, that is, the cantilever beam 1 i limiting frequency, if the frequency belongs to the low frequency band, that is, the cantilever beam 1 i limiting frequency, the positioning module controls the operation of the stepping motor 6, if the frequency does not belong to a high frequency band, that is, the cantilever beam 1 iii limiting frequency, the positioning module judges whether the frequency belongs to a medium frequency band, that is, the positioning module controls the operation of the stepping motor 6, and the length of the cantilever beam 1 is adjusted by the operation of the stepping motor 6.
The principle on which the invention is based is as follows: stiffness coefficient of cantilever beam 1
l0Is the overhanging length of the cantilever beam 1; natural vibration frequency of piezoelectric vibration energy collecting device
When the vibration frequency omega of the external excitation source is close to the natural frequency of the piezoelectric vibration energy collecting device, namely the resonance frequency range is reached, the system resonates at the moment, and the collecting efficiency of the energy collector can be maximized. Because the external excitation source is not limited to a single frequency, the intelligent cantilever beam 1 energy harvesting can automatically adjust the cantilever beam1 length l0And further, the natural frequency of the intelligent piezoelectric vibration collector is matched with the vibration frequency of the external excitation source.
When the external environment excitation changes, the cantilever beam 1 overhanging length is automatically adjusted through the detection and sensing of the external excitation vibration frequency, and the structural parameters of the energy acquisition system are intelligently adjusted in time, so that the natural frequency of the energy acquisition system is matched with the external excitation frequency. According to the invention, the natural frequency of the cantilever beam 1 is matched with the frequency of external excitation by changing the extending length of the cantilever beam 1 of the cantilever beam type piezoelectric vibration energy collector, so that the purpose of widening the working frequency band of the piezoelectric vibration energy collector is achieved, and the energy collection efficiency is improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the functional implementation of the control processor, the specific structure of the piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting device, and the like are only examples. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An intelligent piezoelectric vibration energy collector comprises a piezoelectric vibration energy collecting device, wherein the collecting device comprises a cantilever beam (1) with an overhanging length capable of being adjusted along the length direction of the collecting device, and is characterized by further comprising a frequency sensor (5), a control processor and a stepping motor (6); the frequency sensor (5) is arranged on the piezoelectric vibration energy collecting device and can detect the vibration frequency of the external excitation source to obtain vibration frequency information and send the vibration frequency information to the control processor; the control processor can adjust the overhanging length of the cantilever beam (1) by controlling the stepping motor (6) according to the vibration frequency information, so that the natural frequency of the piezoelectric vibration energy acquisition device approaches or reaches the frequency capable of resonating with an external excitation source.
2. An intelligent piezoelectric vibration energy harvester according to claim 1, wherein the control processor is capable of adjusting the overhanging length of the cantilever beam (1) by controlling the stepping motor (6) according to the vibration frequency information, so that the natural frequency of the piezoelectric vibration energy harvester reaches a frequency range capable of resonating with an external excitation source.
3. An intelligent piezoelectric vibration energy harvester according to claim 1 wherein the control processor is loaded with at least two frequency bands, the control processor being capable of determining which frequency band the vibration frequency information is located in and controlling the stepper motor (6) to rotate to adjust the overhang length of the cantilever beam (1) in accordance with the frequency band in which the vibration frequency information is located.
4. An intelligent piezoelectric vibration energy harvester according to claim 3 wherein the control processor carries at least two frequency bands, in particular the control processor carries the values of the natural frequency ranges of the piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting device corresponding to different extension length ranges of the cantilever beam (1).
5. An intelligent piezoelectric vibration energy harvester according to claim 1 wherein the control processor is capable of calculating the natural frequency of the piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting device in resonance with the received vibration frequency, calculating the desired overhang length of the cantilever beam (1) based on the natural frequency of the piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting device, and controlling the stepper motor (6) to rotate the adjustable cantilever beam (1) based on the desired overhang length of the cantilever beam (1).
6. An intelligent piezoelectric vibration energy harvester according to claim 5 wherein the ideal overhang length/, of the cantilever beam (1) is calculated by the formula:
wherein E is the elastic modulus of the cantilever beam (1), I is the section inertia moment of the cantilever beam (1), omeganIs the natural frequency m of the piezoelectric vibration energy collecting deviceeqThe mass of the object block arranged at the end part of the cantilever beam (1) is 33/140 times of the mass of the cantilever beam (1)And (c).
7. An intelligent piezoelectric vibration energy harvester according to claim 1 wherein the cantilever beam (1) is capable of telescoping along its length.
8. An intelligent piezoelectric vibration energy harvester according to claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric vibration energy harvester comprises a support frame (3), a cantilever beam (1), an object block and a transmission device (7), the cantilever beam (1), the frequency sensor (5), the control processor and the stepping motor (6) are all arranged on the support frame (3), the object block is fixedly connected to the tail end of the cantilever beam (1), the transmission device (7) is connected with the cantilever beam (1) and the stepping motor (6), and the stepping motor (6) adjusts the extending length of the cantilever beam (1) through the transmission device (7).
9. The intelligent piezoelectric vibration energy harvester of claim 8, wherein the support frame (3) is U-shaped, the support frame (3) comprises a left side plate (301), a right side plate (302), a bottom plate (307) and a pressing wheel (305) for pressing the cantilever beam (1), the frequency sensor (5) is arranged on the bottom plate (307), the left side plate (301) and the right side plate (302) are both connected with the bottom plate (307), the pressing wheel (305) and the cantilever beam (1) are both arranged on the left side plate (301), the right side plate (302) is provided with a second permanent magnet (104) corresponding to an object block, and the object block is the first permanent magnet (103).
10. An intelligent piezoelectric vibration energy harvester according to claim 8 wherein the actuator (7) comprises a gear (701) connected to the stepper motor (6) and a rack (102) engaging the gear (701), the rack (102) being disposed on the cantilever beam (1) along the length of the cantilever beam (1).
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113821927A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2021-12-21 | 华北电力科学研究院有限责任公司 | Method and device for evaluating unstable vibration influence of rotating machinery overhanging section |
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| CN205622542U (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-10-05 | 浙江工商大学 | Nonlinearity wide band piezoelectricity vibration energy harvester |
| CN210839391U (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2020-06-23 | 陈维娇 | Cantilever beam type nonlinear piezoelectric vibration energy collector |
| CN112636632A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-09 | 上海工程技术大学 | Nonlinear two-degree-of-freedom multi-resonance piezoelectric energy collector |
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- 2021-04-28 CN CN202110467175.3A patent/CN113141127A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN203859705U (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2014-10-01 | 浙江海洋学院 | Piezoelectric vibration energy collecting device with adjustable inherent frequency |
| CN205622542U (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-10-05 | 浙江工商大学 | Nonlinearity wide band piezoelectricity vibration energy harvester |
| CN210839391U (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2020-06-23 | 陈维娇 | Cantilever beam type nonlinear piezoelectric vibration energy collector |
| CN112636632A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-09 | 上海工程技术大学 | Nonlinear two-degree-of-freedom multi-resonance piezoelectric energy collector |
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| CN113821927A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2021-12-21 | 华北电力科学研究院有限责任公司 | Method and device for evaluating unstable vibration influence of rotating machinery overhanging section |
| CN113821927B (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2024-05-28 | 华北电力科学研究院有限责任公司 | Method and device for evaluating unstable vibration influence of outer extending section of rotary machine |
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