CN113137864B - Alloy raw material preheating device and method - Google Patents

Alloy raw material preheating device and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113137864B
CN113137864B CN202110548038.2A CN202110548038A CN113137864B CN 113137864 B CN113137864 B CN 113137864B CN 202110548038 A CN202110548038 A CN 202110548038A CN 113137864 B CN113137864 B CN 113137864B
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flue gas
combustion
preheating
feeding
hopper
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CN113137864A (en
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毕仕辉
徐永权
张世煜
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Sinosteel Anshan Research Institute of Thermo Energy Co Ltd
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Sinosteel Anshan Research Institute of Thermo Energy Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D13/00—Apparatus for preheating charges; Arrangements for preheating charges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • F27D2019/0003—Monitoring the temperature or a characteristic of the charge and using it as a controlling value
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Abstract

The invention relates to an alloy raw material preheating device, which comprises a feeding unit, a preheating furnace, a combustion unit and a smoke exhaust unit, wherein the feeding unit is connected with the preheating furnace; the feeding unit is provided with a storage bin which is arranged above the preheating furnace; the preheating furnace consists of a furnace body, a hopper and a discharge pipe from top to bottom; the hopper is of a double-layer structure and consists of an inner-layer conical hopper and an outer-layer conical hopper, and an annular flue gas channel is formed between the inner-layer conical hopper and the outer-layer conical hopper; the combustion unit comprises a combustor, a combustion-supporting fan and an air heat exchanger, wherein a combustion-supporting air inlet of the combustor is connected with the combustion-supporting fan through the air heat exchanger; the annular flue gas flow channel is connected with the storage bin through the air heat exchanger, and the storage bin is connected with the negative pressure flue gas flue through a smoke exhaust pipeline. The invention can realize the online stable preheating of materials, reduce the energy consumption of the steelmaking process, has less device investment and does not need to greatly change the prior smelting process; meanwhile, the graded gradient utilization and secondary filtration of the heat of the flue gas are realized, the heat efficiency is high, and the environmental protection is strong.

Description

Alloy raw material preheating device and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ferroalloy production and metal smelting, in particular to an alloy raw material preheating device and method.
Background
With the rapid increase of the economy of China, various technologies in the field of steel and iron make great progress, and meanwhile, huge resources and environmental costs are paid, so that the contradiction between economic development and resource shortage becomes sharp day by day, and the sustainable development of the economy of China is influenced. Transformation and upgrading are carried out in the directions of energy conservation, environmental protection, low carbon and green, so that the method is the only way for solving the problems essentially and the only way for getting out of predicaments in the steel industry.
In recent years, preheating of alloy raw materials for smelting before smelting becomes an important measure for reducing the tapping temperature of a converter, reducing the smelting power consumption and reducing the production cost of ferroalloy. The scrap steel preheating technology for electric furnace steelmaking is well applied abroad, and the rapid development of the material preheating technology gradually becomes an industry consensus. In the existing domestic steel-making production enterprises, most of alloy raw materials are directly added into molten steel or enter an electric furnace without being preheated, high-temperature steel tapping is needed or a large amount of electric energy is consumed for melting low-temperature materials, so that the smelting energy consumption is high, and the power consumption is high.
In order to solve the problems, some enterprises adopt a rotary kiln to heat alloy raw materials, and the raw materials are primarily heated and then are loaded into an electric furnace, so that the effect of reducing power consumption is achieved to a certain extent, but when the method is adopted, the raw materials are easily overheated, so that the secondary oxidation of a reducing agent in ingredients is caused, the dosage of the reducing agent is inaccurate, the smelting production is influenced, and the large-area popularization is not achieved.
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the energy-saving and environment-friendly alloy raw material preheating device which can stably preheat materials on line, reduces smelting energy consumption, has low investment and does not need to greatly change the original production process is urgently needed to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an alloy raw material preheating device and method, which can realize online stable preheating of materials, and has the advantages of low device investment and no need of great change on the existing smelting process; meanwhile, the graded gradient utilization and secondary filtration of the heat of the flue gas are realized, the heat efficiency is high, and the environmental protection is strong.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an alloy raw material preheating device comprises a feeding unit, a preheating furnace, a combustion unit and a smoke exhaust unit; the feeding unit is provided with a storage bin, the storage bin is arranged above the preheating furnace, and the bottom of the storage bin is provided with a feed opening connected with a feed inlet at the top of the preheating furnace; the preheating furnace consists of a furnace body, a hopper and a discharge pipe from top to bottom; the hopper is of a double-layer structure and consists of an inner-layer conical hopper and an outer-layer conical hopper, an annular flue gas flow channel is formed between the inner-layer conical hopper and the outer-layer conical hopper, and the inner-layer conical hopper is communicated with the annular flue gas flow channel through a flue gas ascending channel; the combustion unit comprises a combustor, a combustion-supporting fan and an air heat exchanger, the combustor is arranged in a fuel chamber at the upper part of the furnace body, and a gas inlet of the combustor is connected with a gas pipeline; a combustion-supporting air inlet of the combustor is connected with a combustion-supporting air outlet of the air heat exchanger through a combustion-supporting air pipeline, and the combustion-supporting air inlet of the air heat exchanger is connected with a combustion-supporting fan; the annular flue gas flow channel is connected with a high-temperature flue gas inlet of the air heat exchanger through a high-temperature flue gas pipeline, a flue gas outlet of the air heat exchanger is connected with a flue gas inlet at the bottom of the storage bin through a smoke exhaust pipeline, and a flue gas outlet is arranged at the top of the storage bin and connected with a negative pressure waste gas flue through the smoke exhaust pipeline.
The feeding unit also comprises a discharging pipe, a feeding pipe and a feeding valve; the top of the storage bin is provided with a charging port which is connected with a discharging pipe, the discharging port at the bottom of the storage bin is connected with the feeding port of the preheating furnace through a feeding pipe, and the feeding pipe is provided with a feeding valve.
A material level meter is arranged at the position of the preheating furnace corresponding to the material jacking surface of the hearth, and a thermometer is arranged at one side of the furnace body.
The furnace body of the preheating furnace is detachably connected with the hopper through an inlet flange, and the top of the annular flue gas channel is sealed through the inlet flange; hopper and arrange and be connected through export flange detachably between the material pipe, arrange the bottom of material pipe and establish the blow-off valve.
The combustor is a plurality of, evenly arranges along combustion chamber circumference, and every combustor all sets up along the combustion chamber tangential.
The hopper is of an asymmetric structure with one vertical side and the other inclined side; a feeding throat is arranged in the middle of the inner-layer conical hopper, a gradually expanding section at the lower part of the feeding throat is welded with the lower part of the outer-layer conical hopper into a whole, and an annular space is reserved at the intersection of the lower part of the inner-layer conical hopper and the lower part of the outer-layer conical hopper corresponding to the vertical side to form a flue gas ascending channel communicated with an annular flue gas flow channel; the annular flue gas flow channel corresponding to the vertical side is provided with a gradually expanding section and a gradually reducing section from top to bottom, and the annular flue gas flow channel corresponding to the inclined side is a channel with an equal cross section.
The annular space at the lower part of the inner-layer conical hopper is of an open structure, and the open structure is supported by a plurality of supporting plates arranged at intervals; the included angle between the opening structure and the horizontal plane is 3-15 degrees, and the included angle between the opening structure and the tapered section is 100-150 degrees.
On the horizontal projection plane, the flue gas circulation section accounts for 1/5-1/3 of the circumference of the annular flue gas flow channel.
The alloy raw material preheating device also comprises a control system; the control system is respectively connected with the control end of each action part and the output end of the detection part, and the action parts comprise a feed valve, an ignition device of a combustor, a discharge valve and a combustion fan; the detection component comprises a level meter and a thermometer.
A method for preheating alloy raw materials comprises the following steps:
(1) Starting a feeding valve in the feeding unit, and feeding the materials in the storage bin into a furnace body of the preheating furnace;
(2) After the material level meter detects that the material level reaches a set height, the feeding valve is closed, and feeding is stopped;
(3) Starting a combustion fan, igniting and burning the burner, enabling high-temperature flue gas generated by burning in the combustion chamber to pass through the material layer and flow downwards, carrying out heat exchange with materials in the process, and enabling the flue gas subjected to heat exchange to enter the annular flue gas flow channel from the bottom of the inner-layer conical hopper; the flue gas after heat exchange and temperature reduction enters a storage bin to exchange heat with materials, and is finally discharged into a negative pressure waste gas flue through a smoke discharge pipeline;
(4) After the temperature of the materials in the preheating furnace is detected to reach the set temperature through the thermometer, the burner is closed, the combustion fan runs at low frequency, and the discharge valve is opened to discharge the materials from the discharge pipe;
(5) And (4) after all the materials are discharged, closing the discharge valve, repeating the steps (1) to (4) and preheating the next batch of alloy raw materials.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The alloy material can be stably preheated, the tapping temperature of the converter is favorably reduced, the energy consumption of the electric furnace is reduced, and the energy conservation and emission reduction of the ferroalloy process and the metal smelting batching process are realized;
(2) The alloy raw material preheating device is arranged on line, so that the investment is small, the large-scale reconstruction of the original process is not required, and the economic benefit is good;
(3) The heat grading and gradient utilization of the flue gas generated by the combustion of the preheating furnace is realized, the heat of the flue gas is utilized to the maximum extent, and the heat efficiency is high;
(4) When the heat of high-temperature flue gas is fully utilized, the flue gas is discharged by gravity dust removal disturbed by the annular flue gas flow channel and secondary dust filtration of a heat exchange tube bundle in the air heat exchanger and materials in the storage bin, so that the primary purification of the flue gas is realized, and the environmental protection is facilitated;
(5) The whole operation process of the device can realize automation and intellectualization, and unattended operation is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an alloy raw material preheating device according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front sectional view of the preheating furnace of the present invention.
Fig. 3 isbase:Sub>A viewbase:Sub>A-base:Sub>A in fig. 2.
FIG. 4 is a front cross-sectional view of a hopper and discharge tube of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a view B-B in fig. 4.
In the figure: 1. preheating furnace 2, blanking pipe 3, storage bin 4, feeding valve 5, feeding pipe 6, burner 7, air heat exchanger 8, combustion-supporting air pipeline 9, combustion-supporting fan 10, gas pipeline 11, smoke exhaust pipeline 12, waste gas flue 101, feeding port 102, level indicator 103, combustion chamber 104, furnace body 105, thermometer 106, hopper 107, discharge valve 108, discharge pipe 1061, inlet flange 1062, inner layer cone 1063, outer layer cone 1064, outlet flange 1065, annular smoke flow channel
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in FIG. 1, the alloy raw material preheating device of the present invention comprises a feeding unit, a preheating furnace 1, a combustion unit and a smoke exhaust unit; the feeding unit is provided with a storage bin 3, the storage bin 3 is arranged above the preheating furnace 1, and the bottom of the storage bin 3 is provided with a feed opening connected with a feed inlet 101 at the top of the preheating furnace 1; the preheating furnace 1 consists of a furnace body 104, a hopper 106 and a discharge pipe 108 from top to bottom; the hopper 106 is of a double-layer structure and consists of an inner-layer cone 1062 and an outer-layer cone 1063, an annular flue gas flow channel 1065 is formed between the inner-layer cone 1062 and the outer-layer cone 1063, and the inner-layer cone 1062 is communicated with the annular flue gas flow channel 1065 through a flue gas ascending channel; the combustion unit comprises a combustor 6, a combustion fan 9 and an air heat exchanger 7, the combustor 6 is arranged in a fuel chamber at the upper part of the furnace body 104, and a gas inlet of the combustor 6 is connected with a gas pipeline 10; a combustion air inlet of the combustor 6 is connected with a combustion air outlet of an air heat exchanger 7 through a combustion air pipeline 8, and a combustion air inlet of the air heat exchanger 7 is connected with a combustion air blower 9; the annular flue gas flow channel 1065 is connected with a high-temperature flue gas inlet of the air heat exchanger 7 through a high-temperature flue gas pipeline, a flue gas outlet of the air heat exchanger 7 is connected with a flue gas inlet at the bottom of the storage bin 3 through a smoke exhaust pipeline 11, and a flue gas outlet is arranged at the top of the storage bin 3 and connected with a negative pressure waste gas flue 12 through the smoke exhaust pipeline 11.
The feeding unit also comprises a discharging pipe 2, a feeding pipe 5 and a feeding valve 4; the top of storage silo 3 is equipped with the feed inlet and is linked to each other with unloading pipe 2, and the feed inlet of preheating furnace 1 is connected through inlet pipe 5 to the feed inlet of storage silo 3 bottom, establishes feed valve 4 on the inlet pipe 5.
A charge level indicator 102 is arranged at the position of the preheating furnace 1 corresponding to the top charge level of a hearth, and a thermometer 105 is arranged at one side of a furnace body 104.
The furnace body 104 of the preheating furnace 1 is detachably connected with the hopper 106 through an inlet flange 1061, and the top of the annular flue gas channel 1065 is closed through the inlet flange 1061; the hopper 106 is detachably connected with the discharge pipe 108 through an outlet flange 1064, and a discharge valve 107 is arranged at the bottom end of the discharge pipe 108.
The combustors 6 are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the combustion chamber, and each combustor 6 is tangentially arranged along the combustion chamber.
The hopper 106 is an asymmetric structure with one vertical side and the other inclined side; a feeding throat is arranged in the middle of the inner-layer conical hopper 1062, a gradually expanding section at the lower part of the feeding throat is welded with the lower part of the outer-layer conical hopper 1063 into a whole, and an annular space is reserved at the intersection of the lower part of the inner-layer conical hopper 1062 corresponding to the vertical side and the lower part of the outer-layer conical hopper 1063 to form a flue gas ascending channel communicated with an annular flue gas flow channel 1065; the annular flue gas channel 1065 corresponding to the vertical side is provided with a gradually expanding section and a gradually reducing section from top to bottom, and the annular flue gas channel 1065 corresponding to the inclined side is a channel with an equal cross section.
The annular space at the lower part of the inner-layer conical hopper 1062 is of an open structure, and the open structure is supported by a plurality of supporting plates arranged at intervals; the included angle between the opening structure and the horizontal plane is 3-15 degrees, and the included angle between the opening structure and the tapered section is 100-150 degrees.
On the horizontal projection plane, the flue gas flow section occupies 1/5-1/3 of the circumference of the annular flue gas flow channel 1065.
The alloy raw material preheating device also comprises a control system; the control system is respectively connected with the control end of each action part and the output end of the detection part, and the action parts comprise a feed valve 4, an ignition device of a combustor 6, a discharge valve 107 and a combustion fan 9; the detection means includes a level gauge 102 and a thermometer 105.
The preheating method of the alloy raw material comprises the following steps:
(1) Opening a feed valve 4 in the feed unit, and feeding the materials in the storage bin 3 into a furnace body 104 of the preheating furnace 1;
(2) After the material level meter 102 detects that the material level reaches a set height, the feeding valve 4 is closed, and feeding is stopped;
(3) Starting a combustion fan 9, igniting and burning the burner 6, enabling high-temperature flue gas generated by burning in the combustion chamber to pass through the material layer and flow downwards, carrying out heat exchange with materials in the process, and enabling the flue gas subjected to heat exchange to enter an annular flue gas flow channel 1065 from the bottom of the inner-layer cone 1062; the flue gas discharged from the preheating furnace 1 enters an air heat exchanger 7 to exchange heat with combustion air, the flue gas after heat exchange and temperature reduction enters a storage bin 3 to exchange heat with materials, and finally the flue gas is discharged into a negative pressure waste gas flue 12 through a smoke discharge pipeline 11;
(4) After the temperature of the material in the preheating furnace 1 is detected to reach the set temperature through the thermometer 105, the burner 6 is closed, the combustion fan 9 runs at low frequency, the discharge valve 107 is opened, and the material is discharged from the discharge pipe 108;
(5) And (4) after all the materials are discharged, closing the discharge valve 107, repeating the steps (1) to (4), and preheating the next batch of alloy raw materials.
The invention relates to an alloy raw material preheating device, which consists of the following parts:
(1) A preheating furnace 1 which comprises a feed inlet 101, a level indicator 102, a combustion chamber 103, a furnace body 104, a thermometer 105, a hopper 106, a discharge valve 107 and a discharge pipe 108;
(2) The combustion unit comprises a combustor 6, an air heat exchanger 7, a combustion-supporting air pipeline 8, a combustion-supporting fan 9 and a fuel gas pipeline 10;
(3) The feeding unit comprises a discharging pipe 2, a storage bin 3, a feeding valve 4 and a feeding pipe 5;
(4) The smoke exhaust unit comprises a smoke exhaust pipeline 11 and an exhaust flue 12.
As shown in fig. 1, the feeding unit is communicated with a feeding port 101 of the preheating furnace, the material enters a storage bin 3 through a feeding pipe 2, and the storage bin 3 is communicated with a feeding pipe 5. The feeding pipe 5 is provided with a feeding valve 4. When the feed valve 4 is opened, the materials enter the preheating furnace 1 from the storage bin 3. When the level gauge 102 detects that the level reaches a set height, the feed valve 4 is closed, and the combustion unit starts to operate. After the materials are preheated to the target temperature in the preheating furnace, the combustion unit stops working, the discharge valve 107 is opened, and the preheated alloy materials enter a molten steel tank or an electric furnace through the discharge pipe 108 for smelting.
The combustion unit is communicated with a combustion chamber 103 of the preheating furnace 1, a combustion fan 9 is connected with an air heat exchanger 7 and a combustion air pipeline 8, the combustion fan 9 is used for conveying air, and the air is subjected to heat exchange with high-temperature flue gas discharged outside the preheating furnace 1 through the air heat exchanger 7 and then is respectively conveyed to each combustor 6 through the combustion air pipeline 8. The gas pipe 10 is connected to each burner 6, and is used for sending gas to the burner 6. High-temperature flue gas generated after ignition and combustion of the combustor 6 is mixed in the combustion chamber 103, penetrates through a material layer of the alloy material by virtue of negative pressure suction of the negative pressure waste gas flue, exchanges heat with the material layer, and is finally discharged out of the preheating furnace 1.
The fume extraction unit is in communication with the hopper 106 of the preheater. One end of a smoke exhaust pipeline of the smoke exhaust unit is communicated with the annular smoke flow channel 1065 of the hopper 106, and low-temperature smoke after preheating materials is exhausted from the preheating furnace 1. The other end of the smoke exhaust pipeline 11 is connected with a smoke inlet at the bottom of the storage bin 3 through an air heat exchanger 7, smoke which heats alloy materials enters the air heat exchanger 7 to exchange heat with air, then exchanges heat with materials in the storage bin, and is discharged to a negative pressure waste gas flue 12 through a smoke exhaust port at the top of the storage bin through the smoke exhaust pipeline 11.
As shown in FIG. 2, the preheating furnace is integrally divided into three parts, namely a furnace body 104, a hopper 106 and a discharge pipe 108. The upper part of the preheating furnace is a furnace body 104, and the furnace body 104 is connected with the hopper 106 through an inlet flange 1061. The top of the preheating furnace 1 is provided with a feed inlet 101, the upper part of the furnace body 104 and the residual space above the material accumulation are combustion chambers 103, and the side walls of the combustion chambers 103 are uniformly provided with a plurality of burners 6.
As shown in fig. 3, the plurality of burners 6 are uniformly arranged along the circumference of the preheating furnace 1, and the burners 6 are arranged in the tangential direction of the combustion chamber. The flue gas generated by the combustion of the combustor 6 is uniformly mixed in a combustion chamber in a cyclone shape, and enters the material bed to preheat materials under the negative pressure action of the negative pressure smoke exhaust pipeline.
As shown in fig. 4, a hopper 106 is arranged at the lower part of the preheating furnace 1, the hopper 106 adopts a double-layer nested structure, the inner layer is an inner-layer conical hopper 1062, the outer layer is an outer-layer conical hopper 1063, and an interlayer annular gap formed by nesting the inner-layer conical hopper 1062 and the outer-layer conical hopper 1063 together is an annular flue gas flow channel 1065; the middle part of the inner-layer cone 1062 is provided with a discharge throat, an annular space is reserved at the joint of the lower part of the gradually expanding section of the discharge throat and the lower part of the outer-layer cone 1063 to form a flue gas ascending channel, the annular flue gas channel 1065 corresponding to the vertical side is provided with a gradually expanding section and a gradually reducing section from top to bottom, and the annular flue gas channel 1065 corresponding to the inclined side is a channel with an equal section. The flue gas in the material flowing through the hopper 106 enters the annular flue gas flow channel 1065 from the flue gas ascending channel without being blocked. The annular flue gas flow channel 1065 is communicated with the smoke exhaust pipeline 11 and used for exhausting flue gas out of the preheating furnace 1. The hopper 106 is of an asymmetric configuration overall.
As shown in fig. 5, after entering the annular flue gas flow channel 1065, the waste gas after heat exchange with the alloy material surrounds the other side and is discharged outside the smoke discharge pipe 11, the flue gas flows smoothly in the whole process, and the short circuit phenomenon does not occur.
The following examples are carried out on the premise of the technical scheme of the invention, and detailed embodiments and specific operation processes are given, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the following examples.
[ examples ] A method for producing a compound
In this embodiment, the alloy raw material preheating device provided by the invention is used for preheating alloy ingredients for converter smelting.
In the steelmaking process of a certain factory, one furnace of molten steel is discharged at intervals of 20min, 7 tons of alloy materials are added into one furnace of molten steel on average, and the reduced consumption of the alloy materials is about 21t/h. In order to reduce the energy consumption of the working procedure, the alloy raw materials are preheated to 600 ℃ from normal temperature.
In the embodiment, the design height of the preheating furnace is 2.8m, the diameter of the preheating furnace is 2.1m, and 4 burners are arranged; the preheating time is 15-20 min. The preheating furnace adopts the converter gas of the steelmaking byproduct as fuel, and the gas flow is 3200Nm 3 H, combustion air flow rate 4700Nm 3 H is used as the reference value. In the preheating furnace, the alloy material is preheated to 600 ℃ by high-temperature flue gas and then discharged, combustion-supporting air is preheated by an air heat exchanger, waste gas with residual temperature (200 ℃) after heat exchange with air enters the bottom of the storage bin to carry out primary preheating on the alloy material, the discharged flue gas after heat energy gradient recycling enters a negative-pressure waste gas flue at the temperature lower than 110 ℃, and is discharged by means of negative-pressure suction force generated by a smoke discharge system.
In the embodiment, the tapping temperature of the molten steel of the converter is reduced by 5-8 ℃, and the refining power consumption is reduced by 2-3 kWh/t of molten steel.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. An alloy raw material preheating device is characterized by comprising a feeding unit, a preheating furnace, a combustion unit and a smoke exhaust unit;
the feeding unit is provided with a storage bin, the storage bin is arranged above the preheating furnace, and the bottom of the storage bin is provided with a feed opening connected with a feed inlet at the top of the preheating furnace; the feeding unit also comprises a discharging pipe, a feeding pipe and a feeding valve; the top of the storage bin is provided with a charging port connected with a discharging pipe, the discharging port at the bottom of the storage bin is connected with a feeding port of the preheating furnace through a feeding pipe, and the feeding pipe is provided with a feeding valve;
the preheating furnace consists of a furnace body, a hopper and a discharge pipe from top to bottom; the hopper is of a double-layer structure and consists of an inner-layer conical hopper and an outer-layer conical hopper, an annular flue gas flow channel is formed between the inner-layer conical hopper and the outer-layer conical hopper, and the inner-layer conical hopper is communicated with the annular flue gas flow channel through a flue gas ascending channel; the furnace body of the preheating furnace is detachably connected with the hopper through an inlet flange, and the top of the annular flue gas flow channel is sealed through the inlet flange; the hopper is detachably connected with the discharge pipe through an outlet flange, and the bottom end of the discharge pipe is provided with a discharge valve; the hopper is of an asymmetric structure with one vertical side and the other inclined side; a feeding throat is arranged in the middle of the inner-layer conical hopper, a gradually expanding section at the lower part of the feeding throat is welded with the lower part of the outer-layer conical hopper into a whole, and an annular space is reserved at the intersection of the lower part of the inner-layer conical hopper and the lower part of the outer-layer conical hopper corresponding to the vertical side to form a flue gas ascending channel communicated with the annular flue gas flow channel; the annular flue gas flow channel corresponding to the vertical side is provided with a gradually expanding section and a gradually reducing section from top to bottom, and the annular flue gas flow channel corresponding to the inclined side is a channel with a uniform cross section;
the combustion unit comprises a plurality of combustors, a combustion fan and an air heat exchanger, wherein the combustors are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the combustion chamber, and each combustor is arranged along the tangential direction of the combustion chamber; the burner is arranged in the fuel chamber at the upper part of the furnace body, and a gas inlet of the burner is connected with a gas pipeline; a combustion-supporting air inlet of the combustor is connected with a combustion-supporting air outlet of the air heat exchanger through a combustion-supporting air pipeline, and the combustion-supporting air inlet of the air heat exchanger is connected with a combustion-supporting fan; the annular flue gas flow channel is connected with a high-temperature flue gas inlet of the air heat exchanger through a high-temperature flue gas pipeline, a flue gas outlet of the air heat exchanger is connected with a flue gas inlet at the bottom of the storage bin through a smoke exhaust pipeline, and a flue gas outlet is arranged at the top of the storage bin and connected with a negative pressure waste gas flue through the smoke exhaust pipeline.
2. The alloy raw material preheating device according to claim 1, wherein a material level meter is installed at a position of the preheating furnace corresponding to a top material surface of the hearth, and a thermometer is installed at one side of the furnace body.
3. The alloy raw material preheating device according to claim 1, wherein an annular space at the lower part of the inner-layer conical hopper is of an open structure, and the open structure is supported by a plurality of supporting plates arranged at intervals; the included angle between the opening structure and the horizontal plane is 3-15 degrees, and the included angle between the opening structure and the gradually-reducing section is 100-150 degrees.
4. The alloy raw material preheating device according to claim 1, wherein on a horizontal projection plane, the flue gas circulation section occupies 1/5 to 1/3 of the circumference of the annular flue gas flow passage.
5. An alloy feedstock preheating apparatus as recited in claim 1, further comprising a control system; the control system is respectively connected with the control end of each action part and the output end of the detection part, and the action parts comprise a feed valve, an ignition device of a combustor, a discharge valve and a combustion fan; the detection component comprises a material level meter and a thermometer.
6. The method for preheating the alloy raw material based on the device of any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) Starting a feeding valve in the feeding unit, and feeding the materials in the storage bin into a furnace body of the preheating furnace;
(2) After the material level meter detects that the material level reaches a set height, closing the feeding valve and stopping feeding;
(3) Starting a combustion fan, igniting and burning the burner, enabling high-temperature flue gas generated by burning in the combustion chamber to pass through the material layer and flow downwards, carrying out heat exchange with materials in the process, and enabling the flue gas subjected to heat exchange to enter the annular flue gas flow channel from the bottom of the inner-layer conical hopper; the flue gas after heat exchange and temperature reduction enters a storage bin to exchange heat with materials, and is finally discharged into a negative pressure waste gas flue through a smoke discharge pipeline;
(4) After the temperature of the materials in the preheating furnace is detected to reach the set temperature through the thermometer, the burner is closed, the combustion fan runs at low frequency, and the discharge valve is opened to discharge the materials from the discharge pipe;
(5) And (4) after all the materials are discharged, closing the discharge valve, repeating the steps (1) to (4) and preheating the next batch of alloy raw materials.
CN202110548038.2A 2021-05-19 2021-05-19 Alloy raw material preheating device and method Active CN113137864B (en)

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CN2700800Y (en) * 2004-05-06 2005-05-18 应棋资 Energy-saving device of smelting furnace for regenerated nonferrous metal
CN202470721U (en) * 2011-12-31 2012-10-03 杭州杭真真空工程技术有限公司 Alloy baking furnace
CN204897830U (en) * 2015-08-03 2015-12-23 中冶焦耐工程技术有限公司 Dry preheating device of stove coal charge goes into
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CN109724419A (en) * 2019-01-17 2019-05-07 中冶东方工程技术有限公司 A kind of raw material preheating device and raw material preheating method
CN109813094B (en) * 2019-03-07 2020-07-21 王研 Multi-effect rapid alloy material baking and preheating device and using method thereof
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