CN113136526A - Steel 35CrNiMo for large-specification steel pull rod for bridge and production method thereof - Google Patents
Steel 35CrNiMo for large-specification steel pull rod for bridge and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
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Abstract
The invention provides a steel 35CrNiMo for a large-specification steel pull rod for a bridge and a production method thereof; the method comprises the following steps: smelting → continuous casting → heat preservation (red sending) → rolling → process water penetration → rack cooling → pit cold heat preservation → (finishing) → (inspection → packing, and handing in. The steel produced by the method can completely meet the material selection requirement of the large-size steel pull rod for the large bridge, has obvious effects on safe and stable construction of the large bridge, improvement of construction efficiency and reduction of construction cost, and has important significance on long-term development of large bridge construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of new materials; in particular to a steel 35CrNiMo for a large-specification steel pull rod for a bridge and a production method thereof.
Background
The social economy of China has entered high-quality development, the transportation industry development is also becoming mature, the bridge construction is from ordinary to large-scale, land to deep development such as cross-sea, the structure and the service environment of the bridge are constantly changed, have proposed very high requirements for the raw materials for bridge construction. The steel tie rod is used as a key part of the bridge and plays a very important role in the operation safety of the bridge, the steel tie rod material commonly used in China mainly comprises 40Cr, 35-42CrMo and other steels, and the specification of steel products is generally not more than phi 80 mm. With the continuous optimization and large-scale of bridge structures and the aggravation of service environments, the specifications and mechanical properties of common pull rod materials obviously do not meet the use requirements, and particularly the low-temperature impact toughness does not meet the requirements of steel for modern large-scale suspension bridge pull rods.
Therefore, in order to solve the problems, it is necessary to develop a large-size steel 35CrNiMo for bridge steel pull rods with excellent mechanical properties, improve the performance of the steel material for the pull rods, and promote the sustainable, healthy and rapid development of large bridge construction in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide steel 35CrNiMo for a large-specification steel pull rod for a bridge and a production method thereof.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a steel 35CrNiMo for a large-specification steel pull rod for a bridge, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
the 35CrNiMo steel belongs to microalloyed novel alloy structural steel, and comprises the following chemical components in part by weight:
c is a main element second to iron, which directly influences the indexes of strength, plasticity, toughness and the like of steel, the strength and hardness of steel are improved along with the increase of carbon content, the plasticity and toughness are reduced, and the content of C is controlled to be below 0.40% for ensuring the strength and impact toughness of the steel pull rod;
si is an important deoxidizer and reducer in the steelmaking process, has certain influence on the strength of steel, and the content of Si is controlled to be 0.40 percent;
mn can be infinitely dissolved with Fe, the strength of the steel can be improved, the influence on the plasticity index is small, and the Mn content is controlled according to 0.40-0.70%;
p, S is a harmful element in steel, especially can reduce impact toughness and corrosion resistance of steel, and is controlled to the lowest possible extent according to actual production level;
cr is one of the elements for improving the hardenability, can obviously improve the hardness and the wear resistance of steel, and the content of Cr is controlled by 0.80 to 1.10 percent;
ni can improve the impact toughness and the strength of steel, and the Ni content is controlled to be 0.40 to 0.60 percent in order to ensure the requirement of the impact energy of the steel pull rod at the temperature of minus 40 ℃;
mo can improve the hardenability of steel and improve the temper brittleness, and the content of Mo is controlled to be 0.15-0.25%;
v is a main element for refining steel structures and crystal grains, mainly exists in a carbide form, can well improve yield ratio and low-temperature performance, and the content of V is controlled to be below 0.08%;
al is used as a main deoxidizer and can also play a role of refining grains, and the content of Al is controlled to be 0.020-0.040%.
The expression above shows that the chemical components in the 35CrNiMo steel have mutual synergistic effect, but the lack is not.
The chemical composition design of the 35CrNiMo steel related by the invention is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 units: is based on
The invention also relates to a production method of the steel 35CrNiMo for the large-specification steel pull rod for the bridge, which comprises the following steps:
smelting → continuous casting → heat preservation (red sending) → rolling → process water penetration → rack cooling → pit cold heat preservation → (finishing) → (inspection → packing, and handing in.
The smelting method specifically comprises the following steps: smelting in a Consteel electric furnace, and adding LF and VD;
the casting method specifically comprises the following steps: three-machine three-flow bloom 410mm multiplied by 530mm continuous casting, wherein the temperature of a molten steel phase line is 1498 ℃, and the superheat degree in the continuous casting process is controlled according to 20-35 ℃;
the charging temperature of the heat preservation red conveying is more than or equal to 550 ℃.
The rolling method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) heating of continuous cast slab
The continuous casting billet heating system is as follows: the temperature of the preheating section is less than or equal to 850 ℃, the temperature of the first heating section is 1030-1070 ℃, the temperature of the second heating section is 1210-1260 ℃, the temperature of the 1 soaking section is 1200-1250 ℃, the temperature of the 2 soaking section is 1190-1230 ℃, the total heating time is controlled to be 8-12 h, and the high-temperature diffusion time is more than or equal to 3.5 h.
(2) Rolled product
Firstly, the cogging size of a 1250 rolling mill is 240mm multiplied by 240mm, and a phi 130mm material is produced by 8 continuous rolling mills;
controlling the total compression ratio to be more than or equal to 10;
thirdly, water is penetrated in the rolling process, the temperature is reduced to be more than or equal to 100 ℃ after water penetrating treatment, the finishing temperature is reduced, a proper metallographic structure is obtained, and the yield ratio of the steel is controlled.
Fourthly, collecting and preserving heat by a rack cooling bed, wherein the pit entry temperature is more than or equal to 500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is more than or equal to 48 hours;
and fifthly, packaging the steel materials in a full-scale mode, tightening and bundling the steel materials by using round steel bars, and labeling the steel materials one by one.
(3) Shape and internal quality of steel
The bending degree of the produced steel is less than or equal to 3.0mm/m, the out-of-roundness is not more than 70 percent of the diameter tolerance, and the flaw detection is carried out according to the B-grade quality requirement specified in GB/T4162 standard.
The steel 35CrNiMo for the large-specification steel pull rod for the bridge, which is prepared by the method disclosed by the invention, has the following performance parameters:
(1) mechanical properties
The prepared 35CrNiMo steel for the large-specification 130mm steel pull rod for the bridge is subjected to integral heat treatment by taking a 300mm long sample blank, 50mm of two ends of the sample blank are removed after the heat treatment, the sample is taken at the 1/2 radius position according to the GB/T2975 specification, and the longitudinal mechanical property of the steel measured by the method meets the specification in the table 2.
TABLE 2
(2) Macroscopic tissue
The 35CrNiMo macrostructure center of the steel for the large-size steel pull rod for the bridge is loose, generally loose, and the ingot type segregation is less than or equal to 2.0 grade.
(3) High power tissue
The steel 35CrNiMo for the large-specification steel pull rod for the bridge is rolled into ferrite and pearlite; the tempered sorbite tissue grade after the thermal refining is less than 1.5 grade; the band-shaped tissue is less than or equal to 2.5 grade.
(4) Non-metallic inclusions
The test of the non-metallic inclusion of the steel 35CrNiMo for the large-specification steel pull rod for the bridge conforms to the specification of Table 3.
TABLE 3
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) the development of the method for producing the steel 35CrNiMo for the large-specification steel pull rod for the bridge, which is disclosed by the invention, fills the blank of the steel for the large-specification steel pull rod in China;
(2) the steel pull rod made of the steel 35CrNiMo has obvious effects on safe and stable construction of large bridges, improvement of construction efficiency and reduction of construction cost, and has important significance on long-term development of large bridge construction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a microstructure of 35CrNiMo steel of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the metallographic structure of 35CrNiMo steel of the present invention, wherein (a) is a rolled structure and (b) is a quenched and tempered structure.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of the band structure of the steel 35CrNiMo of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. It should be noted that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Examples
The embodiment relates to a production method of steel 35CrNiMo for a large-specification steel pull rod for a bridge, which comprises the following steps:
smelting → continuous casting → heat preservation (red sending) → rolling → process water penetration → rack cooling → pit cold heat preservation → (finishing) → (inspection → packing, and handing in.
(1) Smelting and casting of continuous casting billet
The smelting adopts a Consteel electric furnace, LF refining, VD degassing, three-machine three-flow bloom continuous casting with the diameter of 410mm multiplied by 530 mm.
Preparing materials: the method is characterized in that molten iron and scrap steel are adopted, ferroalloy is roasted, a nickel plate needs to be annealed, the charging amount is controlled to be 50-80 tons, the molten iron content is controlled to be 60-80%, and the scrap steel content is controlled to be 20-40%.
Wherein the smelting in the Consteel electric furnace specifically comprises the following steps: adding 500-800 kg of lime and 200-400 kg of dolomite into electric furnace slag charge, wherein the total consumption of the slag charge is 60-80 kg/t, tapping P: less than or equal to 0.015 percent. The tapping temperature is more than or equal to 1620 ℃, and the tapping amount is 65 +/-3 tons. Ladle slag charge in the tapping process: 500 plus or minus 100kg of lime, 100 plus or minus 10kg of compound deoxidizer, 250 plus or minus 10kg of premelting slag, and the adding amount of aluminum per ton of steel: 1.5 kg/t-2.0 kg/t. The steel tapping process comprises the following steps of: al ingot or steel core aluminum → complex deoxidizer (pre-melted slag or electroslag cap) → alloy → slag charge. And adding the alloy in the tapping process, and adding C powder for carburizing in the ladle according to the tapping C content and the alloy carburizing amount after tapping.
The LF refining is specifically as follows: when the temperature is more than or equal to 1520 ℃, entering an LF refining station, after the LF refining station is heated for more than or equal to 20 minutes by electricity, sampling and analyzing chemical components after the slag is whitened, and adding ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, ferrochrome, ferromolybdenum, a nickel plate and ferrovanadium in batches according to the internal control component regulation to adjust the components according to the component analysis result; argon control in the refining process: 100 to 400 NL/min. Al control in the refining process: when refining is carried out, target Al (0.030-0.050%) is fed once according to the target of 0.050% in the early stage of refining if the target Al is not in the target. Slag mixing in the process: the slag can be properly mixed with SiC, C powder, Al particles, lime and the like, and the refining slag comprises the following target components: CaO: 55-60%, SiO 2: 6-10%, Al2O 3: 22-28% of MgO, and less than or equal to 7% of MgO. After the slag is whitened, a small amount of Si-C powder and C powder can be added in multiple batches for diffusion deoxidation, the Si-C powder and the C powder are added according to the proportion of 1.5-2.5kg per time, and the refining time of the white slag is more than or equal to 40 minutes.
The VD vacuum degassing is specifically as follows: the temperature is 1620 ℃ to 1640 ℃, then the mixture is put into a VD station for vacuum degassing, the holding time is more than or equal to 15 minutes under the vacuum degree of 0.5 torr, and the argon gas control during the deoxidation operation is as follows: the flow rate of argon in rough vacuum (more than 200 torr) is 50-150 NL/min, and the flow rate of argon in extreme vacuum is 100-200 NL/min. After vacuum breaking, the weak argon stirring operation time is more than or equal to 20 minutes according to the temperature of the molten steel, and the fluctuation of the molten steel slag surface is 150-300mm in the weak argon operation process.
And (3) continuously casting the bloom: and (3) after vacuum degassing, placing the steel ladle into an LF furnace station for heating, hanging the steel ladle into a continuous casting machine for continuously casting a continuous casting blank when the temperature of the molten steel is 1568-1588 ℃, and producing a semi-finished casting blank with high cleanliness and high uniformity and high quality steel standard requirements, wherein the electromagnetic stirring, cooling parameters and withdrawal and straightening machine parameters are proper.
(2) Rolled product
The method comprises the following steps of heating a continuous casting slab with the thickness of 410mm multiplied by 530mm by a walking beam heating furnace, wherein the temperature of the red feeding furnace is more than or equal to 550 ℃, the temperature of a preheating section is less than or equal to 850 ℃, the temperature of a first heating section is 1030-1070 ℃, the temperature of a second heating section is 1210-1260 ℃, the temperature of a soaking 1 section is 1200-1250 ℃, the temperature of a soaking 2 section is 1190-1230 ℃, the total heating time is controlled to be 8-12 hours, and the high-temperature diffusion time is more than or equal to 3.5 hours.
Rolled product specification: phi 130 mm.
Controlling the total compression ratio of the produced material: not less than 10.
The start rolling temperature is controlled to be 1250 ℃ or more and the rolling mill is controlled to be 1150 ℃ or more, and the flat vertical rolling mill is controlled to be 950 ℃ or more.
The rolling production line is provided with a water penetrating device, water penetrating treatment is carried out in the rolling process, the temperature is reduced to be more than or equal to 100 ℃ after the water penetrating treatment, and the final rolling temperature is reduced.
Collecting and preserving the heat of the steel by a rack cooling bed, wherein the pit entry temperature is more than or equal to 500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is more than or equal to 48 hours.
(3) Detection of steel 35CrNiMo for large-specification steel pull rod for bridge
1. Chemical composition
The results of taking 3 samples and detecting chemical components are shown in Table 4.
Table 4 units%
2. Macroscopic tissue
The center porosity, general porosity and ingot type segregation of the phi 130mm steel are all 1.0 grade through macroscopic structure inspection, and the phi 130mm steel accords with the standard regulation and is less than or equal to 2.0 grade. The macroscopic photograph is shown in FIG. 1.
3. Metallographic structure
The metallographic structure of a 130mm steel product is inspected, the rolled structure and the quenched and tempered structure are respectively observed under an optical microscope at magnification of 200 times and 500 times, the rolled structure is pearlite, ferrite and a small amount of bainite, the quenched and tempered structure is a tempered sorbite, the structure is uniform and free of abnormality, and a metallographic structure photograph is shown in figure 2.
4. Strip tissue
And (3) inspecting the steel strip structure, wherein the grade is 2.0 grade, the steel strip structure meets the standard of less than or equal to 2.5 grade regulation, and a strip structure photo is shown in figure 3.
5. Mechanical properties
The overall heat treatment system comprises: quenching at 870 ℃, cooling for 2.5 h/water, and tempering at 640/cooling for 3 h/water. The two ends of the steel bar sample blank are removed by 50mm, the mechanical property is sampled and tested at the radius part of the steel from the surface 1/2, and the test data of the mechanical property are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5
6. Ultrasonic flaw detection
And (4) carrying out 100% manual ultrasonic flaw detection on the steel after the steel is taken out of the pit, wherein the quality grade of the steel meets the GB/T4162A level.
In conclusion, the steel produced by the method can completely meet the material selection requirement of the steel for the large-size steel pull rod for the large bridge, has obvious effects on safe and stable construction of the large bridge, improvement of construction efficiency and reduction of construction cost, and has important significance on long-term development of the construction of the large bridge.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. The steel 35CrNiMo for the large-specification steel pull rod for the bridge is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
the balance being Fe.
2. The production method of the steel 35CrNiMo for the large-specification steel pull rod for the bridge according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, smelting by a Consteel electric furnace, LF refining and VD degassing;
step 2, refining slag target components: CaO: 55-60% of SiO2：6～10％，Al2O3: 22-28%, MgO is less than or equal to 7%, and alkalinity R: 5.5 to 10;
step 3, bloom continuous casting: three-machine three-flow casting is adopted to cast a 410mm multiplied by 530mm continuous casting billet, meanwhile, electromagnetic stirring and soft reduction technology are adopted, and the target superheat degree is controlled at 20-35 ℃;
step 4, rolling the bar: heating a continuous casting billet with the thickness of 410mm multiplied by 530mm by a walking beam type heating furnace, wherein the temperature of the red feeding furnace is more than or equal to 550 ℃, the temperature of a preheating section is less than or equal to 850 ℃, the temperature of a first heating section is 1030-1070 ℃, the temperature of a second heating section is 1210-1260 ℃, the temperature of a soaking 1 section is 1200-1250 ℃, the temperature of a soaking 2 section is 1190-1230 ℃, the total heating time is 8-12 h, the high-temperature diffusion time is more than or equal to 3.5h, the initial rolling temperature of a vertical and horizontal rolling mill is more than or equal to 950 ℃, a rolling line is provided with a water penetrating ring for process water penetration rolling, the temperature is more than or equal to 100 ℃ after water penetration, a rack cooling bed is used for collection, and the temperature of entering a heat preservation pit is more than or equal to 500 ℃;
step 5, detecting mechanical properties: and (3) quenching and tempering heat treatment is carried out on the bar with the diameter of 130mm by adopting an integral heat treatment furnace, wherein the heat treatment process comprises 870 ℃ quenching, 2.5h heat preservation, water cooling, 640 tempering, 3h heat preservation, water cooling and 0.85-0.90 yield ratio control.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114657334A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-06-24 | 西宁特殊钢股份有限公司 | Annealing process of mining circular chain steel 23MnNiMoCr54 with both structure control and hardness control |
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| CN114657334A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-06-24 | 西宁特殊钢股份有限公司 | Annealing process of mining circular chain steel 23MnNiMoCr54 with both structure control and hardness control |
| CN114657334B (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2023-11-17 | 西宁特殊钢股份有限公司 | Annealing process of mining round-link chain steel 23MnNiMoCr54 with structure control and hardness control |
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| CN113136526B (en) | 2022-04-26 |
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