CN113136246A - High-temperature garbage dry distillation oil-gas separation system and method - Google Patents
High-temperature garbage dry distillation oil-gas separation system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113136246A CN113136246A CN202010052116.5A CN202010052116A CN113136246A CN 113136246 A CN113136246 A CN 113136246A CN 202010052116 A CN202010052116 A CN 202010052116A CN 113136246 A CN113136246 A CN 113136246A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/02—Dust removal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G5/00—Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from gases, e.g. natural gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
- C10K1/046—Reducing the tar content
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of garbage treatment, and particularly relates to a high-temperature garbage dry distillation oil gas oil washing separation and purification system and a method, which comprises a high-temperature dust removal device 1, a quenching oil removal tower 2, a quenching oil circulation tank 3, a three-phase centrifuge 4, a quenching oil condenser 5, a light oil condenser 6, an oil-water separation tank 7, a tar storage tank 8 and an electric tar precipitator 9. The invention utilizes the principle of similarity and intermiscibility, high-temperature dry distillation oil gas is directly contacted with cooled circulating quench oil in a quench oil washing tower to reduce the temperature so as to realize dry distillation oil-gas separation, and dry distillation gas containing light oil at the tower top is subjected to tar separation in a light oil condenser.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of garbage treatment, and particularly relates to a high-temperature garbage dry distillation oil-gas oil-washing separation system and method.
Background
The garbage dry distillation is a reaction process of breaking chemical bonds of organic macromolecules in the household garbage by utilizing high temperature under an oxygen-free condition and releasing various volatile matters, and products of the garbage dry distillation are carbides, dry distillation gas (H2, CH4, CO and the like) and condensable liquid (tar, water, acid and the like). The tar is in a gas state at high temperature, is completely mixed with the dry distillation gas, is condensed into a sticky liquid state at low temperature (generally below 200 ℃), is easily combined with water, coke and the like to block a gas transmission pipeline, and makes the operation of equipment difficult.
At present, the main separation and removal technologies of tar and dry distillation gas include water washing, dry method, thermal cracking method and catalytic cracking.
The water washing method is the most common wet-method tar removal method and comprises a water washing tower and a wet electrostatic dust collector. The water washing tower has simple structure and low cost, and can completely condense and remove all heavy tar. But light tar droplets and gaseous/liquid fumes can be carried away by the gas stream and are therefore also least efficient. The washing method has low cost and simple operation, but a large amount of tar is lost to cause energy waste; the waste water generated in the purification process can cause secondary pollution; if the treated wastewater contains tar, the subsequent treatment process is complicated, and the operation cost is high. Therefore, in order to make the tar removal by the water washing method more widely applied, a proper wastewater treatment method must be found.
The dry method mainly utilizes the porous characteristic of the adsorbent to lead the fuel gas to pass through the adsorption material, or lead the fuel gas to pass through a filter with filter paper or a ceramic core to adsorb and remove tar in the fuel gas. According to the characteristics of more impurities contained in the fuel gas, a multi-stage adsorption purification method can be adopted. However, the actual operation has unsatisfactory purifying effect, mainly due to deposition and adhesion of tar, which reduces the removing efficiency, and the filter material adhered with tar is difficult to treat, so the device is often used in combination with other purifying devices.
Thermal cracking means that at a temperature of over 1100 ℃, chemical bonds are broken by heating, so that macromolecular compounds are cracked into micromolecular gaseous compounds. A large number of documents prove that when the temperature is below 900 ℃, the cracking rate of tar is increased along with the increase of the temperature, the cracking rate of tar reaches about 60% at 900 ℃, and can be continuously increased to 99% only when the temperature exceeds 1100 ℃, but the requirement on equipment is high due to overhigh temperature, the cracking energy consumption is high, the cost is high, and simultaneously, coke is easily generated.
The catalytic cracking method is to reduce the activation energy of tar cracking through a catalyst, so that the cracking rate of the tar into micromolecular hydrocarbons at 700-900 ℃ reaches more than 90%, but the catalyst is expensive and easily poisoned by tar, sulfur and the like in the dry distillation gas, and dust contained in the tar blocks a catalyst bed layer, so that the system cannot normally operate, and the catalytic cracking method is not suitable for large-area industrial production.
At present, the separation of domestic and foreign garbage dry distillation oil gas is mainly based on a water washing method, and has no oil washing related application and patent, and domestic and foreign oil washing separation patent mainly comprises several kinds of shale oil gas separation or low-rank coal.
In patent 1CN101619223B, the temperature of the bottom of the tower is controlled at 150-
Patent 2CN108753372A has set up the component separation mode of two-stage oil washing with two-stage water-cooling, and the mobility of one-level circulating oil improves the mobility of heavy oil through second grade light oil return and first-level circulating oil mixture, and the process flow is complicated, also can't avoid the unnecessary sewage discharge's in the water-cooling technology problem simultaneously.
Patent 3CN104946317A does not set up the dust collector that the precision is high, only mention the low traditional cyclone dust removal mode of dust collection efficiency, remaining dust and semicoke granule pass through in the oil wash in-process washing entering oil wash tower, under the condition that does not have fine dust collector, tiny dust gathers, tower cauldron heavy ends is more and more, the mobility of circulating oil is more and more poor, set up the filler section in the oil wash tower simultaneously, probably cause internals to block up in the engineering very fast, can not realize continuous operation.
This patent is to above-mentioned problem, adopts the process combination of direct oil cooling and indirect water-cooling, has reduced a large amount of waste water that original washing process brought by a wide margin, and substances such as benzene, naphthalene, phenol significantly reduce in the waste water simultaneously, reduce the sewage treatment degree of difficulty, have improved the tar rate of recovery in the dry distillation gas simultaneously. By adopting the mode of combining cyclone pre-dust removal and membrane dust removal, the dust in the dry distillation oil gas is removed at high temperature, the efficiency can reach more than 99.9 percent, and the method is a key technology for realizing continuous operation of a subsequent oil washing separation process. And the high-precision dust removal technology is combined, the temperature at the bottom of the oil washing tower is controlled to be 100-plus 150 ℃, the fluidity of the circulating oil is ensured, and compared with the traditional oil washing process, the middle-section side extraction and reflux are not required to be arranged, a special viscosity reduction device is not required to be arranged, the energy consumption of the system is greatly reduced, and the configuration and the operation of the system are simplified.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the method has the advantages of simple production process, low energy consumption, capability of avoiding the pollution problem of phenol-containing wastewater and capability of realizing long-period stable operation.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a high-temperature garbage dry distillation oil gas oil washing separation and purification system comprises a high-temperature dust removal device, a quenching oil removal tower, a quenching oil circulation tank, an oil-dust separation device, a quenching oil cooler, a light oil condenser, an oil-water separation tank, a tar storage tank and an electric tar precipitator;
wherein, the high-temperature dry distillation oil gas enters from the inlet of a high-temperature dust removal device, the outlet of the high-temperature dust removal device is connected with the inlet of the middle part of a quenching oil removal tower, and the outlet of the lower part of a tower kettle of the quenching oil removal tower is connected with the inlet of a quenching oil circulation tank;
an outlet pipeline at the upper part of the quenching oil circulating tank is divided into two branches, one branch is connected with an inlet of a quenching oil cooler, and the other branch is connected with a heavy oil inlet of a tar storage tank; the outlet at the lower part of the quenching oil circulating tank is connected with the inlet of the oil-dust separating device;
the oil phase outlet of the oil-dust separation device is connected with an oil product supplement port of the quenching oil circulation tank;
the oil residue outlet of the oil-dust separation device is connected to an external user;
the outlet of the quenching oil cooler is connected with the inlet at the middle upper part of the quenching oil removing tower;
sending out the quenched dry distillation gas from the top of a quenching oil removal tower, wherein a gas inlet at the top of the quenching oil removal tower is connected with a top inlet of a light oil condenser, and a tower bottom outlet of the light oil condenser is connected with a top inlet of an oil-water separation tank;
the bottom outlet of the oil-water separation tank is connected with the light oil inlet of the tar storage tank;
the gas phase outlet of the light oil condenser is connected with the inlet of the electric tar precipitator.
Furthermore, according to the separation system for the garbage dry distillation oil gas, the high-temperature dust removal device is used for removing dust particles in the high-temperature dry distillation oil gas, and the combined process of cyclone dust removal and a film dust remover is adopted, so that the dust removal efficiency can be more than 99.9%, and the removal precision can be more than 0.5 um.
Furthermore, as mentioned above, the high-temperature dust removal device is externally provided with a steam coil, and is electrically heated, or is preheated by high-temperature nitrogen or high-temperature flue gas in the process of starting operation, so that a large amount of dust particles are prevented from being mixed with tar in the subsequent cooling process to block pipelines and equipment.
Further, according to the separation system for the garbage dry distillation oil gas, the quenching oil removal tower is used for enabling the oil-containing dry distillation gas to be in gas-liquid contact with circulating quenching oil in the oil-containing dry distillation gas, and the heavy oil in the dry distillation gas is dissolved in the quenching oil by utilizing the similar compatibility principle, so that the purpose of oil-gas separation is achieved;
fine dust in the dry distillation oil gas also enters the tower kettle of the quenching oil removal tower along with the heavy oil in the quenching washing process; the light component rises along the quenching oil removal tower to perform further gas-liquid mass transfer with light oil from the oil-water separation tank; the dry distillation gas and the light oil are sent out from the top of the quenching oil removing tower to a light oil condenser, and are indirectly condensed by circulating cooling water.
Further, according to the separation system for the garbage dry distillation oil gas, the quenching oil removal tower structure is one of an empty tower structure and a structure containing an anti-blocking inner component;
the top of the quenching oil removal tower is provided with a high-efficiency demister to remove tiny oil droplets;
a plurality of circumferential nozzles are arranged on the upper layer of the quenching oil removal tower, so that the uniform atomization effect of quenching oil is ensured;
the tower kettle of the quenching oil removal tower is provided with a steam heating coil or is electrically heated so as to prevent heavy oil at the bottom of the tower from blocking the tower body and be used for heating the washing oil filled in the tower kettle for the first time during starting.
Furthermore, according to the separation system for the garbage dry distillation oil gas, the temperature of the bottom of the quenching oil removal tower is controlled to be 100-150 ℃, and the heavy oil and the light oil in the dry distillation oil gas are absorbed to the bottom of the tower, so that the difficulty of subsequent oil-water separation is reduced, and the viscosity of quenching oil is ensured to be within a normal operation range.
Further, the separation system for the garbage dry distillation oil gas is characterized in that the quenching oil circulation tank is arranged at the bottom of the quenching oil removal tower, is used for settling and separating oil and sludge, has settling time of 1-2 hours, and is used as a quenching oil intermediate tank;
oil products containing solid impurities at the bottom of a quench oil circulation tank are periodically discharged and sent to an oil-dust separation device for further separation of oil and oil sludge, the oil-sludge separation device can be a three-phase centrifuge or a wiped film evaporator, and the specific equipment type selection can be performed according to the precision of a dust removal device matched with the system and the particle size distribution of dust;
the oil sludge separated by the oil-dust separation device is sent to a heat utilization device to be used as fuel;
returning the oil separated by the oil-dust separation device to the quenching oil circulation tank for further settling separation;
part of the oil product settled by the quenching oil circulating tank is used as quenching oil, is cooled by a quenching oil cooler and then returns to the middle part of the quenching oil removing tower, and is circularly sprayed and washed with dry distillation oil gas, so that the phenomenon that the dust-containing quenching oil is blocked and coked in the tower because the dust-containing quenching oil is circularly returned to the quenching oil removing tower is prevented; the other part of the oil product is sent to a tar storage tank for storage;
quench oil cooler is indirect tubular heat exchanger, adopts recirculated cooling water as refrigerant cooling quench oil, prevents that the temperature from crossing excessively to lead to quench oil to excessively glue thick and block up pipeline and equipment, and wherein recirculated cooling water is walked intraductally, and quench oil walks the shell side.
Further, according to the separation system for the garbage dry distillation oil gas, the light oil condenser is a vertical shell-and-tube heat exchanger;
condensing the dry distillation oil gas in a light oil condenser by circulating cooling water, wherein the dry distillation gas containing light oil passes through a shell pass, and the cooling water passes through a tube pass;
the condensed and separated dry distillation gas catches tiny oil mist in the dry distillation gas through an electric tar precipitator so as to deeply remove tar;
standing the condensed light oil and water mixture in an oil-water separation tank for 1-3 hours to realize oil-water separation;
and (3) sending part of the light oil obtained after standing separation to the top of a quenching oil removal tower, controlling the temperature of a gas outlet at the top of the quenching oil removal tower to be 70-90 ℃, and ensuring that the middle components in the bottom of the tower do not contain water, wherein the temperature is higher than the dew point temperature of the dry distillation gas water.
A separation method using the above separation system, comprising the steps of:
firstly, removing dust particles in the dry distillation gas by a high-temperature dust removal device without any waste heat recovery at the temperature of 500-700 ℃ from the high-temperature dry distillation oil gas discharged from the dry distillation furnace, so as to prevent a large amount of dust particles from separating out tar in the subsequent cooling process and adsorbing dust to block the dust removal device and a subsequent system;
step two, sending the dry distillation gas containing oil after dust removal into a tower from the middle part of a quenching oil removal tower, spraying circulating quenching oil into the tower from the top of the tower, and directly contacting the two materials in the tower by gas and liquid, so that the heavy oil in the dry distillation oil gas is dissolved in the circulating quenching oil and enters the tower kettle together by utilizing the similar compatibility principle;
the temperature of the circulating quenching oil entering the top of the tower is 60-80 ℃, wherein fine dust carried in the dry distillation oil gas and the quenching oil enter the kettle of the quenching oil removal tower;
the light components rise along the quenching oil removal tower and are subjected to further gas-liquid mass transfer with light oil from an oil-water separation tank, and the separated dry distillation gas containing tar is sent out from the top of the quenching oil removal tower;
controlling the temperature of the top of the quenching oil removal tower to be 70-90 ℃ and higher than the dew point temperature of the dry distillation gas water, ensuring that the moisture in the dry distillation gas is in a gaseous state and enters a light oil condenser along with the dry distillation gas at the top of the tower, and realizing gas-liquid separation;
controlling the temperature of the tower bottom of the quenching oil removal tower to be 100-150 ℃, ensuring that light oil in the dry distillation gas is absorbed to the tower bottom, and simultaneously ensuring that the viscosity of quenching oil is within a normal operation range so as to realize the circulating spraying of the quenching oil;
step four, allowing the quenching oil generated in the tower kettle of the quenching oil removal tower to flow into a quenching oil circulation tank, after settling for 1-2 hours, separating according to the density difference of oil and solid impurities, and periodically discharging the oil containing the solid impurities at the bottom of the quenching oil circulation tank to an oil-dust separation device to separate oil sludge;
sending the slag-removed quenching oil into a quenching oil circulating tank to supplement the quenching oil;
after the quenching oil circulation tank is settled, a part of quenching oil is used as circulating quenching oil, firstly, the temperature of the quenching oil is reduced to 60-80 ℃ after heat exchange with cooling water in a quenching oil cooler, and then the quenching oil is returned to the middle upper part of a quenching oil removal tower to circularly spray and wash high-temperature dry distillation oil gas from a dry distillation furnace; the other part of the quenching oil is sent to a tar storage tank for storage; the oil sludge separated by the oil-dust separation device is used as fuel;
step five, the dry distillation gas containing light oil comes out from the top of the quenching oil removal tower and enters a light oil condenser, and is indirectly condensed to 40 ℃ through circulating cooling water;
the light oil condenser is a vertical shell-and-tube heat exchanger, dry distillation gas containing a small amount of light oil flows through a shell pass, cooling water flows through a tube pass, and condensed light oil and water are subjected to standing separation in an oil-water separation tank; the separated dry distillation gas passes through an electric tar precipitator to remove oil mist;
and sixthly, standing and separating the condensed mixture of the light oil and the water in an oil-water separation tank, feeding part of the separated light oil back to the top of the quenching oil removal tower to control the temperature of the top of the tower, and feeding the rest of the generated light oil into a tar storage tank for storage to be used as fuel oil or chemical raw materials.
The invention has the following remarkable effects: the invention adopts the combination of direct oil cooling and indirect water cooling, greatly reduces a large amount of waste water brought by the original water washing process, greatly reduces substances such as benzene, naphthalene, phenol and the like in the waste water, reduces the difficulty of sewage treatment, and simultaneously improves the recovery rate of tar in the dry distillation gas. Meanwhile, the phenomenon that the continuous operation of the system is influenced because heavy substances in tar are easy to cause serious blockage of condensing equipment in a low-temperature state due to the fact that only an indirect water cooling process is adopted is avoided. Meanwhile, compared with the traditional ethylene cracking process and the shale oil recovery oil process, the invention does not need to arrange side mining and reflux at the middle section and arrange a special viscosity reducing device, thereby greatly simplifying the configuration and operation of the system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-temperature garbage dry distillation oil-gas separation system according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1. the system comprises a high-temperature dust removal device, a quenching oil removal tower 2, a quenching oil storage tank 3, an oil-dust separation device 4, a quenching oil heat exchanger 5, a light oil condenser 6, an oil-water separation tank 7, a tar storage tank 8 and an electric tar precipitator 9.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments.
As shown in figure 1, the working principle of the invention is to utilize the principle of similar compatibility, namely Van der Waals force action, to absorb the heavier substances such as benzene, naphthalene and the like in the dry distillation gas by a direct oil washing method, and to realize the separation of light oil and the dry distillation gas by using indirect water cooling.
A high-temperature garbage dry distillation oil gas oil washing separation and purification system comprises a high-temperature dust removal device 1, a quenching oil removal tower 2, a quenching oil circulation tank 3, an oil-dust separation device 4, a quenching oil cooler 5, a light oil condenser 6, an oil-water separation tank 7, a tar storage tank 8 and an electric tar precipitator 9;
wherein, the high-temperature dry distillation oil gas enters from the inlet of a high-temperature dust removal device 1, the outlet of the high-temperature dust removal device 1 is connected with the inlet of the middle part of a quenching oil removal tower 2, and the outlet of the lower part of a tower kettle of the quenching oil removal tower 2 is connected with the inlet of a quenching oil circulation tank 3;
an outlet pipeline at the upper part of the quenching oil circulating tank 3 is divided into two branches, one branch is connected with an inlet of a quenching oil cooler 5, and the other branch is connected with a heavy oil inlet of a tar storage tank 8; an outlet at the lower part of the quenching oil circulating tank 3 is connected with an inlet of an oil-dust separating device 4;
the oil phase outlet of the oil-dust separation device 4 is connected with the oil product supplement port of the quenching oil circulation tank 3;
the residual oil outlet of the oil-dust separation device 4 is connected to an external user;
the outlet of the quenching oil cooler 5 is connected with the inlet at the middle upper part of the quenching oil removing tower 2;
the quenched dry distillation gas is sent out from the top of the quenching oil removal tower 2, the top gas inlet of the quenching oil removal tower 2 is connected with the top inlet of a light oil condenser 6, and the bottom outlet of the light oil condenser 6 is connected with the top inlet of an oil-water separation tank 7;
the bottom outlet of the oil-water separation tank 7 is connected with the light oil inlet of the tar storage tank 8;
the gas phase outlet of the light oil condenser 6 is connected with the inlet of the electrical tar precipitator 9.
The tar content in the dry distillation gas purified by the electrical tar precipitator 9 reaches 10mg/NM3The dry distillation gas is temporarily stored or transported to a user as fuel or chemical raw material.
The high-temperature dust removal device 1 is used for removing dust particles in high-temperature dry distillation oil gas, and is one of a multi-cyclone combination, a cyclone dust removal and a nodulizer combination.
The outside of the high-temperature dust removal device 1 is provided with a steam coil pipe, and the steam coil pipe is electrically heated or preheated by high-temperature nitrogen or high-temperature flue gas in the process of starting operation, so that a large amount of dust particles are prevented from being mixed with tar in the subsequent cooling process to block pipelines and equipment.
After the high-temperature dust removal device 1 removes dust particles in the high-temperature dry distillation oil gas, the dust content is reduced to 10-40mg/NM3。
The quenching oil removal tower 2 is used for gas-liquid contact between the oil-containing dry distillation gas and circulating quenching oil in the oil-containing dry distillation gas, and dissolving heavy oil in the dry distillation gas in the quenching oil by utilizing a similar compatibility principle to achieve the purpose of oil-gas separation;
fine dust in the dry distillation oil gas also enters the tower kettle of the quenching oil removal tower 2 along with the heavy oil in the quenching washing process;
the light components rise along the quenching oil removal tower 2 and are further subjected to gas-liquid mass transfer with light oil from an oil-water separation tank 7;
the dry distillation gas and light oil are sent out from the top of the quenching oil removing tower 2 to a light oil condenser 6 and are indirectly condensed by circulating cooling water.
The structure of the rapid cooling oil removal tower 2 is one of an empty tower structure and an anti-blocking inner member structure;
the top of the quenching oil removal tower 2 is provided with a high-efficiency demister to remove micro particles;
a plurality of circumferential nozzles are arranged on the upper layer of the quenching oil removal tower 2, so that the uniform atomization effect of quenching oil is ensured;
the tower kettle of the quenching oil removal tower 2 is provided with a steam heating coil or is electrically heated so as to prevent heavy oil at the bottom of the tower from blocking the tower body and be used for heating the washing oil filled in the tower kettle for the first time during the starting.
The structure of the quenching oil-removing tower 2 is determined according to the characteristics of oil products in the dry distillation gas, so that the gas and the liquid are ensured to be fully contacted, and simultaneously, the coking and the blockage of the tower body caused by tar and fine dust particles are prevented.
The temperature of the bottom of the quenching oil removal tower 2 is controlled to be 100-150 ℃, and the heavy oil and the light oil in the dry distillation gas are absorbed to the bottom of the tower, so that the difficulty of subsequent oil-water separation is reduced, and the viscosity of the quenching oil is ensured to be within a normal operation range.
The quenching oil circulating tank 3 is arranged at the bottom of the quenching oil removal tower 2, is used for settling and separating oil and sludge, has settling time of 1-2 hours, and is used as a quenching oil intermediate tank;
oil products containing solid impurities at the bottom of the quenching oil circulation tank 3 are periodically discharged and sent to an oil-dust separation device 4 for further separation of oil and oil sludge;
the oil sludge separated by the oil-dust separating device 4 is sent to a heat-using device to be used as fuel;
the oil separated by the oil-dust separation device 4 returns to the quenching oil circulation tank 3 for further sedimentation separation;
part of the oil settled by the quenching oil circulating tank 3 is used as quenching oil, is cooled by a quenching oil cooler 5 and then returns to the middle part of the quenching oil removing tower 2, and is circularly sprayed and washed with dry distillation oil gas, so as to prevent the dust-containing quenching oil from being blocked and coked in the tower because the dust-containing quenching oil is circularly returned to the quenching oil removing tower 2; the other part of the oil product is sent to a tar storage tank 8 for storage;
quench oil cooler 5 is indirect tubular heat exchanger, adopts recirculated cooling water as refrigerant cooling quench oil, prevents that the low temperature from leading to quench oil excessively to glue thick and block up pipeline and equipment excessively, and wherein recirculated cooling water walks intraductally, and quench oil walks the shell side.
The light oil condenser 6 is a vertical shell-and-tube heat exchanger;
the dry distillation oil gas is condensed in a light oil condenser 6 through circulating cooling water, the dry distillation gas containing light oil passes through a shell pass, and cooling water passes through a tube pass;
the condensed and separated dry distillation gas is passed through an electric tar precipitator 9 to capture tiny oil mist in the dry distillation gas so as to deeply remove tar;
standing the condensed light oil and water mixture in an oil-water separation tank 7 for 1-3 hours to realize oil-water separation;
and (3) sending part of the light oil obtained after standing separation to the top of the quenching oil removal tower 2, controlling the temperature of a gas outlet at the top of the quenching oil removal tower 2 to be 70-90 ℃ and higher than the dew point temperature of gas water of dry distillation, and ensuring that middle components in the bottom of the tower do not contain water.
A separation method using the separation system as described above, comprising the steps of:
firstly, removing dust particles in the high-temperature dry distillation oil gas from a dry distillation furnace at 500-700 ℃ through a high-temperature dust removal device 1 without any waste heat recovery, wherein the dust removal efficiency can reach 99.9%, preventing a large amount of dust particles from separating out tar in the subsequent cooling process, and adsorbing dust to block the high-temperature dust removal device 1 and a subsequent system;
step two, sending the dry distillation gas containing oil after dust removal into the tower from the middle part of the quenching oil removal tower 2, spraying circulating quenching oil into the tower from the top of the tower, and directly contacting the two materials in the tower by gas and liquid, so that the heavy oil in the dry distillation oil gas is dissolved in the circulating quenching oil and enters the tower kettle together by utilizing the similar compatibility principle;
the temperature of the circulating quenching oil entering the tower top is 60-80 ℃; wherein fine dust entrained in the dry distillation oil gas and the quenching oil enter the tower kettle of the quenching oil removal tower 2;
the light components rise along the quenching oil removal tower 2 and are further subjected to gas-liquid mass transfer with light oil from the oil-water separation tank 7, and the separated dry distillation gas containing tar is sent out from the top of the quenching oil removal tower 2;
controlling the temperature of the top of the quenching oil removal tower 2 to be 70-90 ℃ and higher than the dew point temperature of the dry distillation gas water, ensuring that the moisture in the dry distillation gas is in a gaseous state and enters a light oil condenser 7 along with the dry distillation gas at the top of the tower, and realizing gas-liquid separation;
controlling the temperature of the tower bottom of the quenching oil removal tower 2 to be 100-150 ℃, ensuring that light oil in the dry distillation gas is absorbed to the tower bottom, and simultaneously ensuring that the viscosity of quenching oil is within a normal operation range so as to realize the circulating spraying of the quenching oil;
step four, the quenching oil generated in the tower kettle of the quenching oil removal tower 2 contains a small amount of ash and slag and flows into a quenching oil circulating tank 3, separation is realized according to the density difference of oil and solid impurities after 1-2 hours of settlement, the oil containing the solid impurities at the bottom of the quenching oil circulating tank 3 is periodically discharged to an oil-dust separation device 4, and the separated oil sludge is sent to the outside as fuel;
the slag-removed quenching oil is sent into a quenching oil circulating tank 3 to be supplemented by the quenching oil;
after the quenching oil circulation tank 3 is settled, a part of the quenching oil is used as circulating quenching oil, firstly, the quenching oil is subjected to heat exchange with cooling water in a quenching oil cooler 5 and then is cooled to 60-80 ℃, and then the quenching oil is returned to the middle upper part of the quenching oil removal tower 2 to circularly spray and wash high-temperature dry distillation oil gas from a dry distillation furnace; the other part of the quenching oil is sent to a tar storage tank 8 for storage; the oil sludge separated by the oil-dust separating device 4 is used as fuel;
step five, the dry distillation gas containing light oil comes out from the top of the quenching oil removal tower 2 and then enters a light oil condenser 6, and is indirectly condensed to 40 ℃ through circulating cooling water;
the light oil condenser 6 is a vertical shell-and-tube heat exchanger, dry distillation gas containing a small amount of light oil flows through a shell pass, cooling water flows through a tube pass, and condensed light oil and water are subjected to standing separation in an oil-water separation tank 7; the separated dry distillation gas passes through an electric tar precipitator 9 to remove oil mist;
sixthly, the mixture of the condensed light oil and water is kept stand and separated in an oil-water separation tank 7, part of the separated light oil is sent back to the top of the quenching oil removal tower 2 to control the temperature of the top of the tower, and the rest generated light oil is sent into a tar storage tank 8 to be stored and used as fuel oil or chemical raw materials.
The invention has the following remarkable effects:
the high-temperature dry distillation oil gas is directly contacted with cooled circulating quench oil in a quench oil washing tower to reduce the temperature so as to realize dry distillation oil-gas separation, and meanwhile, the dry distillation gas containing light oil at the tower top is subjected to tar condensation separation in a light oil condenser.
The method adopts a grading high-efficiency dust removal mode combining cyclone pre-dust removal and membrane dust removal, removes dust in the dry distillation oil gas in a high-temperature state, and is combined with the temperature control (100 + 150 ℃) at the bottom of an oil washing tower, so that the viscosity of the circulating quench oil is greatly reduced, and the fluidity of the circulating quench oil is ensured.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a high temperature rubbish dry distillation oil gas oil wash separation clean system which characterized in that: comprises a high-temperature dust removal device (1), a quenching oil removal tower (2), a quenching oil circulation tank (3), an oil-dust separation device (4), a quenching oil cooler (5), a light oil condenser (6), an oil-water separation tank (7), a tar storage tank (8) and an electric tar precipitator (9);
wherein, the high-temperature dry distillation oil gas enters from the inlet of the high-temperature dust removal device (1), the outlet of the high-temperature dust removal device (1) is connected with the inlet of the middle part of the quenching oil removal tower (2), and the outlet of the lower part of the tower kettle of the quenching oil removal tower (2) is connected with the inlet of the quenching oil circulation tank (3);
an outlet pipeline at the upper part of the quenching oil circulating tank (3) is divided into two branches, one branch is connected with an inlet of a quenching oil cooler (5), and the other branch is connected with a heavy oil inlet of a tar storage tank (8); an outlet at the lower part of the quenching oil circulating tank (3) is connected with an inlet of the oil-dust separating device (4);
the oil phase outlet of the oil-dust separation device (4) is connected with the oil product supplement port of the quenching oil circulation tank (3);
the residual oil outlet of the oil-dust separation device (4) is connected to an external user;
the outlet of the quenching oil cooler (5) is connected with the inlet at the middle upper part of the quenching oil removing tower (2);
the quenched dry distillation gas is sent out from the top of the quenching oil removal tower (2), the gas inlet at the top of the quenching oil removal tower (2) is connected with the inlet at the top of the light oil condenser (6), and the outlet at the bottom of the light oil condenser (6) is connected with the inlet at the top of the oil-water separation tank (7);
the bottom outlet of the oil-water separation tank (7) is connected with the light oil inlet of the tar storage tank (8);
the gas phase outlet of the light oil condenser (6) is connected with the inlet of the electrical tar precipitator (9).
2. The high-temperature garbage dry distillation oil gas oil washing, separating and purifying system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the high-temperature dust removal device (1) is used for removing dust particles in high-temperature dry distillation oil gas, is a combined process of cyclone dust removal and membrane dust removal, and achieves the dust removal efficiency of more than 99.9% through classified dust removal.
3. The high-temperature garbage dry distillation oil gas oil washing, separating and purifying system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the outside of the high-temperature dust removal device (1) is provided with a steam coil, and the steam coil is electrically heated or preheated by high-temperature nitrogen or high-temperature flue gas in the process of starting work, so that a large amount of dust particles are prevented from being mixed with tar in the subsequent cooling process to block pipelines and equipment.
4. The high-temperature garbage dry distillation oil gas oil washing, separating and purifying system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the quenching oil removal tower (2) is used for carrying out gas-liquid contact on oil-containing dry distillation gas and circulating quenching oil in the oil-containing dry distillation gas, and dissolving heavy oil in the dry distillation gas in the quenching oil by utilizing a similar compatibility principle to achieve the purpose of oil-gas separation;
fine dust in the dry distillation oil gas also enters a tower kettle of the quenching oil removal tower (2) along with the heavy oil in the quenching washing process;
the light components rise along the quenching oil removal tower (2) and further undergo gas-liquid mass transfer with light oil from an oil-water separation tank (7);
the dry distillation gas and light oil are sent out from the top of the quenching oil removing tower (2) to a light oil condenser (6) and are indirectly condensed by circulating cooling water.
5. The quench oil tower (2) of claim 4, characterized in that: the structure of the rapid cooling oil removal tower (2) is one of an empty tower structure and an anti-blocking inner member structure;
the top of the quenching oil removal tower (2) is provided with a high-efficiency demister to remove micro particles;
a plurality of circumferential nozzles are arranged on the upper layer of the quenching oil removal tower (2) to ensure the uniform atomization effect of quenching oil;
the tower kettle of the quenching oil removal tower (2) is provided with a steam heating coil or is electrically heated so as to prevent heavy oil at the tower bottom from blocking the tower body and be used for heating the washing oil filled in the tower kettle for the first time during the starting.
6. The quench oil tower (2) of claim 4, characterized in that: the temperature of the bottom of the quenching oil removal tower (2) is controlled to be 100-150 ℃, and the heavy oil and the light oil in the dry distillation gas are absorbed to the bottom of the tower, so that the difficulty of subsequent oil-water separation is reduced, and the viscosity of the quenching oil is ensured to be within a normal operation range.
7. The high-temperature garbage dry distillation oil gas oil washing, separating and purifying system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the quenching oil circulating tank (3) is arranged at the bottom of the quenching oil removing tower (2) and is used for settling and separating oil and sludge for 1-2 hours and is used as a quenching oil intermediate tank;
oil products containing solid impurities at the bottom of the quenching oil circulating tank (3) are periodically discharged and sent to an oil-dust separation device (4) for further separation of oil and oil sludge;
the oil sludge separated by the oil-dust separating device (4) is sent to a heat-using device to be used as fuel;
the oil separated by the oil-dust separation device (4) returns to the quenching oil circulation tank (3) for further sedimentation separation;
part of the oil settled by the quenching oil circulating tank (3) is used as quenching oil, is cooled by a quenching oil cooler (5) and then returns to the middle part of the quenching oil removing tower (2), and is circularly sprayed and washed for dry distillation oil gas, so that the phenomenon that the dust-containing quenching oil is blocked and coked in the tower because the dust-containing quenching oil is circularly returned to the quenching oil removing tower (2) is avoided; the other part of the oil product is sent to a tar storage tank (8) for storage;
quench oil cooler (5) are indirect tubular heat exchanger, adopt 50 ~ 60 ℃ recirculated cooling water as refrigerant cooling quench oil, prevent that the low temperature leads to quench oil excessively to glue thick jam pipeline and equipment excessively, and wherein recirculated cooling water is walked intraductally, and quench oil walks the shell side.
8. The high-temperature garbage dry distillation oil gas oil washing, separating and purifying system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the light oil condenser (6) is a vertical shell-and-tube heat exchanger;
the dry distillation oil gas is condensed in a light oil condenser (6) through circulating cooling water, the dry distillation gas containing light oil passes through a shell pass, and the cooling water passes through a tube pass;
the condensed and separated dry distillation gas is passed through an electric tar precipitator (9) to capture tiny oil mist in the dry distillation gas so as to deeply remove tar;
standing the condensed light oil and water mixture in an oil-water separation tank (7) for 1-3 hours to realize oil-water separation;
and (3) sending part of the light oil obtained after standing separation to the top of the quenching oil removal tower (2), controlling the temperature of a gas outlet at the top of the quenching oil removal tower (2) to be 70-90 ℃ and higher than the dew point temperature of gas water of dry distillation, and ensuring that the middle components in the tower bottom contain no water.
9. The high-temperature garbage dry distillation oil gas oil washing, separating and purifying system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the high-temperature dust removal device (1) is used for removing dust particles in high-temperature dry distillation oil gas and is one of a multi-stage cyclone combination, a cyclone dust removal and a nodulizer combination;
a steam coil is arranged outside the high-temperature dust removal device (1) to prevent a large amount of dust particles from being mixed with tar in the subsequent cooling process to block pipelines and equipment;
the quenching oil removal tower (2) is used for carrying out gas-liquid contact on oil-containing dry distillation gas and circulating quenching oil in the oil-containing dry distillation gas, and dissolving heavy oil in the dry distillation gas in the quenching oil by utilizing a similar compatibility principle to achieve the purpose of oil-gas separation;
fine dust in the dry distillation oil gas also enters a tower kettle of the quenching oil removal tower (2) along with the heavy oil in the quenching washing process;
the light components rise along the quenching oil removal tower (2) and further undergo gas-liquid mass transfer with light oil from an oil-water separation tank (7);
sending the dry distillation gas and light oil from the top of the quenching oil removal tower (2) to a light oil condenser (6), and indirectly condensing by circulating cooling water;
the structure of the rapid cooling oil removal tower (2) is one of an empty tower structure and an anti-blocking inner member structure;
the top of the quenching oil removal tower (2) is provided with a high-efficiency demister to remove micro particles;
a plurality of circumferential nozzles are arranged on the upper layer of the quenching oil removal tower (2) to ensure the uniform atomization effect of quenching oil;
a steam heating coil is arranged at the tower bottom of the quenching oil removal tower (2) to prevent heavy oil at the tower bottom from blocking the tower body and is used for heating the washing oil filled in the tower bottom for the first time during starting;
the temperature of the bottom of the quenching oil removal tower (2) is controlled to be 100-150 ℃, and heavy oil and light oil in the dry distillation gas are ensured to be absorbed to the bottom of the tower, so that the difficulty of subsequent oil-water separation is reduced, and the viscosity of quenching oil is ensured to be within a normal operation range;
the quenching oil circulating tank (3) is arranged at the bottom of the quenching oil removing tower (2) and is used for settling and separating oil and sludge for 1-2 hours and is used as a quenching oil intermediate tank;
oil products containing solid impurities at the bottom of the quenching oil circulating tank (3) are periodically discharged and sent to an oil-dust separation device (4) for further separation of oil and oil sludge; the oil-sludge separation device can be a three-phase centrifuge and can also be a wiped film evaporator, and the specific equipment type selection can be carried out according to the particle size distribution of dust.
The oil sludge separated by the oil-dust separating device (4) is sent to a heat-using device to be used as fuel;
the oil separated by the oil-dust separation device (4) returns to the quenching oil circulation tank (3) for further sedimentation separation;
part of the oil settled by the quenching oil circulating tank (3) is used as quenching oil, is cooled by a quenching oil cooler (5) and then returns to the middle part of the quenching oil removing tower (2), and is circularly sprayed and washed for dry distillation oil gas, so that the phenomenon that the dust-containing quenching oil is blocked and coked in the tower because the dust-containing quenching oil is circularly returned to the quenching oil removing tower (2) is avoided; the other part of the oil product is sent to a tar storage tank (8) for storage;
the quenching oil cooler (5) is an indirect tubular heat exchanger, circulating cooling water at 50-60 ℃ is used as a refrigerant to cool quenching oil, the phenomenon that the quenching oil is excessively viscous due to too low temperature to block pipelines and equipment is prevented, and the circulating cooling water flows in a pipe and the quenching oil flows in a shell pass;
the light oil condenser (6) is a vertical shell-and-tube heat exchanger;
the dry distillation oil gas is condensed in a light oil condenser (6) through circulating cooling water, the dry distillation gas containing light oil passes through a shell pass, and the cooling water passes through a tube pass;
the condensed and separated dry distillation gas is passed through an electric tar precipitator (9) to capture tiny oil mist in the dry distillation gas so as to deeply remove tar;
standing the condensed light oil and water mixture in an oil-water separation tank (7) for 1-3 hours to realize oil-water separation;
and (3) sending part of the light oil obtained after standing separation to the top of the quenching oil removal tower (2), controlling the temperature of a gas outlet at the top of the quenching oil removal tower (2) to be 70-90 ℃ and higher than the dew point temperature of gas water of dry distillation, and ensuring that the middle components in the tower bottom contain no water.
10. A separation method using the separation system of claims 1-9, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, removing dust particles in the dry distillation gas by a high-temperature dust removal device (1) without any waste heat recovery at the temperature of 500-700 ℃ from the high-temperature dry distillation oil gas discharged from the dry distillation furnace, preventing a large amount of dust particles from separating out tar in the subsequent cooling process, and adsorbing dust to block the high-temperature dust removal device (1) and a subsequent system;
step two, sending the dry distillation gas containing oil after dust removal into a quenching oil removal tower (2) from the middle part of the tower, spraying circulating quenching oil into the tower from the top of the tower, and directly contacting the two materials in the tower by gas-liquid, so that the heavy oil in the dry distillation oil gas is dissolved in the circulating quenching oil and enters the tower kettle together by utilizing the similar compatibility principle;
the temperature of the circulating quenching oil entering the tower top is 110-150 ℃; wherein fine dust entrained in the dry distillation oil gas and the quenching oil enter the tower kettle of the quenching oil removal tower (2);
the light components rise along the quenching oil removal tower (2) and are further subjected to gas-liquid mass transfer with light oil from the oil-water separation tank (7), and the separated dry distillation gas containing tar is sent out from the top of the quenching oil removal tower (2);
controlling the temperature of the top of the quenching oil removal tower (2) to be 70-90 ℃ and higher than the dew point temperature of the dry distillation gas water, ensuring that the moisture in the dry distillation gas is in a gas state and enters a light oil condenser (7) along with the dry distillation gas at the top of the tower, and realizing gas-liquid separation;
controlling the temperature of the tower bottom of the quenching oil removal tower (2) to be 100-150 ℃, ensuring that light oil in the dry distillation gas is absorbed to the tower bottom, and simultaneously ensuring that the viscosity of quenching oil is within a normal operation range so as to realize the circulating spraying of the quenching oil;
step four, the quenching oil generated in the kettle of the quenching oil removal tower (2) contains a small amount of ash and flows into a quenching oil circulating tank (3), separation is realized according to the density difference of oil and solid impurities after 1-2 hours of settlement, the oil containing the solid impurities at the bottom of the quenching oil circulating tank (3) is periodically discharged to an oil-dust separation device (4), and oil sludge is separated;
the slag-removed quenching oil is sent into a quenching oil circulating tank (3) to be supplemented by the quenching oil;
after the quenching oil circulation tank (3) is settled, a part of quenching oil is used as circulating quenching oil, firstly, the temperature of the quenching oil is reduced to 60-80 ℃ after heat exchange with cooling water in a quenching oil cooler (5), and then the quenching oil is returned to the middle upper part of the quenching oil removal tower (2) to circularly spray and wash high-temperature dry distillation oil gas from a dry distillation furnace; the other part of the quenching oil is sent to a tar storage tank (8) for storage; the oil sludge separated by the oil-dust separation device (4) is used as fuel;
step five, the dry distillation gas containing light oil is discharged from the top of the quenching oil removal tower (2) and then enters a light oil condenser (6), and is indirectly condensed to 40 ℃ through circulating cooling water;
the light oil condenser (6) is a vertical shell-and-tube heat exchanger, dry distillation gas containing a small amount of light oil flows through a shell pass, cooling water flows through a tube pass, and the condensed light oil and water are subjected to standing separation in an oil-water separation tank (7); the separated dry distillation gas passes through an electric tar precipitator (9) to remove oil mist;
sixthly, the mixture of the condensed light oil and water is kept stand and separated in an oil-water separation tank (7), part of the separated light oil is sent back to the top of the quenching oil removal tower (2) to control the temperature of the top of the tower, and the rest generated light oil is sent into a tar storage tank (8) to be stored and used as fuel oil or chemical raw materials.
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| CN202010052116.5A CN113136246A (en) | 2020-01-17 | 2020-01-17 | High-temperature garbage dry distillation oil-gas separation system and method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113827999A (en) * | 2021-10-09 | 2021-12-24 | 济南恒誉环保科技股份有限公司 | Multistage cooling and purifying device for cracked oil gas |
| CN114011208A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-02-08 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Gasoline vapor recovery unit |
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2020
- 2020-01-17 CN CN202010052116.5A patent/CN113136246A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113827999A (en) * | 2021-10-09 | 2021-12-24 | 济南恒誉环保科技股份有限公司 | Multistage cooling and purifying device for cracked oil gas |
| CN113827999B (en) * | 2021-10-09 | 2022-08-30 | 济南恒誉环保科技股份有限公司 | Multistage cooling and purifying device for cracked oil gas |
| CN114011208A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-02-08 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Gasoline vapor recovery unit |
| CN114011208B (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2024-04-09 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Gasoline and oil gas recovery device |
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