CN113135763A - Near-forming method for integral ceramic milling cutter - Google Patents
Near-forming method for integral ceramic milling cutter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a near-forming method for an integral ceramic milling cutter. The method comprises the following specific steps: putting ceramic powder into a near-forming die, and pre-pressing the die; carrying out hot-pressing sintering on the pre-pressed near-forming die to obtain a near-forming rod blank; and carrying out surface fine grinding on the obtained near-formed rod blank to obtain the ceramic milling cutter. The forming of a plurality of ceramic milling cutter bar blanks can be realized in the one-time sintering process, the sintering efficiency is obviously improved for the large-scale production of the milling cutter, and therefore the batch production of the ceramic milling cutter is promoted. The milling cutter made of the near-molded bar blank has the advantages of small surface damage, good performance, good stability, high dimensional precision and high surface smoothness, so the service life of the cutter is prolonged, and the cost of the cutter in cutting processing is effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ceramic milling cutter forming, and particularly relates to a near-forming method for an integral ceramic milling cutter.
Background
The information in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
The ceramic cutter has higher hardness, wear resistance, high-temperature mechanical property and chemical stability, and overcomes the defects of the traditional hard alloy cutter to a great extent, so the ceramic cutter is known to be one of the most promising high-speed cutting tools for processing difficult-to-process materials such as high-temperature alloy and the like, but the ceramic material is not applied to the field of manufacturing of integral milling cutters until the recent years due to the brittleness and difficult-to-process property of the ceramic.
At present, the existing preparation method of the integral ceramic milling cutter is that ceramic powder is sintered into a cylindrical bar blank, and then the cylindrical bar blank is ground to be finally formed, however, more materials are required to be removed in the process of processing the bar blank sintered by a die into the milling cutter, and due to the characteristic of high hardness and brittleness of ceramic materials, the surface of the finally ground and formed milling cutter usually has damage conditions such as cracks, grooves and the like, which greatly influences the processing quality and the labor performance of the milling cutter.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems occurring in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a near-forming method for a one-piece ceramic milling cutter.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a near-forming method for an integral ceramic milling cutter comprises the following specific steps:
putting ceramic powder into a near-forming die, and pre-pressing the die;
carrying out hot-pressing sintering on the pre-pressed near-forming die to obtain a near-forming rod blank;
and carrying out surface fine grinding on the obtained near-formed rod blank to obtain the ceramic milling cutter.
Compared with a metal milling cutter, the ceramic milling cutter has higher hardness, wear resistance, high-temperature mechanical property and chemical stability. However, the ceramic itself has brittleness and difficult processing property, so that at present, the ceramic milling cutter is usually prepared by a method of sintering into a cylindrical bar blank firstly and then grinding and forming, and due to the characteristic of high brittleness of the ceramic material, cracks, grooves and other damages appear on the surface of the milling cutter in the processing process of the ceramic bar blank, and the processing quality is reduced.
The preparation method comprises the steps of firstly filling the powder into a near-forming die, then pre-pressing to form a pre-formed rod blank, then putting the near-forming die into a hot-pressing sintering furnace to sinter the pre-formed rod blank into the near-formed rod blank by hot pressing, and finally performing surface finish grinding to obtain the ceramic milling cutter, so that the problem that the ceramic milling cutter has defects due to the existing rough grinding processing process of the ceramic milling cutter can be solved.
The powder is filled into a near-forming die and directly filled into the shape of an inner cavity of the near-forming die. The pre-pressing is not direct compression molding, the pre-formed bar blank can basically form a shape consistent with that of a near forming die through pre-pressing, and the pre-formed bar blank is subjected to hot-pressing sintering, so that the ceramic milling cutter can be better molded. The hot-pressing sintering is helpful for the shape of the pre-formed bar billet which can more accord with the large length-diameter ratio of the near-forming die, so the near-formed bar billet after hot pressing can directly remove the processing amount of the surface without coarse grinding, and the processing of the peripheral edge and the bottom edge is completed
In some embodiments of the invention, the ceramic powder comprises 60-70 parts Si3N4Powder, 10-20 parts of TiC powder and 10-20 parts of SiCwPowder, 2-5 parts of Y2O3Powder and 1-3 parts of MgO powder. Si in the ceramic powder3N4The powder is a matrix phase, the TiC powder has the effect of particle dispersion toughening, and the SiCwThe powder has the effect of toughening the whisker. Such SiCwSynergistic TiC particle toughened Si3N4The base ceramic cutter material is matched with a method of cold prepressing firstly and hot pressing sintering secondly, so that the finally formed milling cutter can be ensured to have more excellent performance.
In some embodiments of the invention, the pre-pressing pressure is 40-60MPa, and the pre-pressing time is 20-40 s; further 45-50MPa or 50-60MPa, and the prepressing time is 25-30 s. The pressure of metal forming is hundreds of MPa, the pressing of ceramic powder is far less than that of metal forming, defects of a bar blank can be avoided through prefabrication forming, and the structure after consolidation can be guaranteed to have good forming quality.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the hot press sintering process is: the initial sintering pressure is 6-10MPa, the temperature is increased to 750-820 ℃, and the temperature is preserved; then the sintering pressure is increased to 30-35MPa, the pressure is maintained, the temperature is increased to 1600-1800 ℃, and the temperature is preserved.
In some embodiments of the invention, the initial ramp rate is 25-35 deg.C/min, the pressure is increased at a rate of 1.5-2MPa/min, and the final ramp rate is 35-45 deg.C/min.
Further, the initial sintering pressure is 8Mpa, the temperature rising speed is 30 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 800 ℃, the temperature is kept for 20min, then the sintering pressure is increased to 32Mpa at a constant speed of 2Mpa/min and is kept stable, the temperature rising speed is 40 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 1650 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 1 h.
In some embodiments of the invention, the structure of the proximal mold, including,
the outer die is provided with a cylindrical structure with a plurality of through holes;
the inner die is arranged inside the through hole of the outer die and is of a hollow cylindrical shell structure, and the inner side wall of the inner die is provided with a spiral convex structure.
The structure with the spiral protrusions enables the near-forming rod blank formed by pre-pressing and sintering the ceramic powder to have a spiral groove structure, and avoids the coarse grinding process.
In some embodiments of the invention, the raised edge of the inner mold has a rounded configuration. The edge of the ceramic milling cutter is smoother, which is beneficial to the direct prepressing molding of ceramic powder.
In some embodiments of the invention, the inner mold has an outer diameter of 20mm and an inner diameter of 12 mm. The range of the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the inner die can meet the diameter range of the ceramic milling cutter.
In some embodiments of the invention, the helix angle of the inner mold is from 25 ° to 45 °. The helix angle is basically consistent with the actually used rotation angle of the ceramic milling cutter, and simultaneously, the ceramic can be better molded, the later-stage fine grinding is reduced, and the defects are reduced.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the near-forming mold further includes a graphite pad column and a graphite pressing column, and the graphite pressing column and the graphite pad column are vertically matched to extend into the inner mold for performing a pre-pressing process.
One or more technical schemes of the invention have the following beneficial effects:
1. the manufacturing method provided by the invention can realize the molding of a plurality of ceramic milling cutter bar blanks in one-time sintering process, and obviously improves the sintering efficiency for the large-scale production of the milling cutter, thereby promoting the batch production of the ceramic milling cutter.
2. The near-formed bar blank sintered by the manufacturing method provided by the invention can be processed into a milling cutter after being simply ground, and the cutter forming efficiency is high. The milling cutter made of the near-molded bar blank has the advantages of small surface damage, good performance, good stability, high dimensional precision and high surface smoothness, so the service life of the cutter is prolonged, and the cost of the cutter in cutting processing is effectively reduced.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the external structure of a near-mold according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view of a near-mold according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the near-mold inner mold of FIG. 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a milling cutter bar sintered according to the manufacturing method of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a ceramic milling cutter manufactured according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-outer die, 2-near-forming inner die, 3-graphite pressure column, 4-graphite cushion column, 5-knife handle, 6-cutting edge and 7-knife head.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples
Example 1
(1) Mixing the raw materials of the required components in proportion, and then performing ball milling, drying and sieving to obtain uniformly mixed powder;
(2) putting the powder into a near-forming die for cold pressing, and then performing vacuum hot-pressing sintering to obtain a near-forming rod blank of the ceramic milling cutter;
(3) and grinding the near-formed rod blank to finish the forming of the milling cutter.
The operation of the step (1) is as follows: 65gSi3N4Powder, 15gTiC powder, 15gSiCwPowder 3gY2O3Putting the powder and 2g of MgO powder into a ball milling barrel according to a ball-material ratio of 1: 1, putting ball milling small balls into the ball milling barrel, pouring absolute ethyl alcohol into the ball milling barrel, and then putting the ball milling barrel into a ball mill for high-speed ball milling for 72 hours to obtain slurry; and drying the powder slurry in a dryer, and sieving the dried powder slurry by using a 100-mesh sieve to obtain uniformly mixed powder.
In this embodiment, the near-mold and sintering process in step (2) is as follows:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a near-forming die for solid ceramic milling cutter manufacture constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a sectional view of the near-forming die of fig. 1. As shown in fig. 2, a near-forming mold for a solid ceramic milling cutter comprises an outer mold 1, a near-forming inner mold 2, a graphite compression leg 3 and a graphite packing leg 4.
The whole height of the near forming die is 150mm, 4 equal-diameter through holes with diameter of 20mm are distributed in the outer die along the axis array, and the inner die is placed in the through holes. The outer diameter of the inner die is 20mm, the inner diameter is 12mm, a section of the inner hole is in a convex spiral groove structure, and the spiral angle is 25-45 degrees. The graphite cushion column has the size of phi 12 multiplied by 40mm, and the graphite compression column has the size of phi 12 multiplied by 50 mm.
The process of die assembly and bar billet sintering is as follows:
placing the pad column into a near-forming inner die from the lower end, then weighing a certain amount of ceramic powder subjected to ball milling treatment, placing the ceramic powder into the inner die, and slowly placing the pressure column into the inner die from the upper end. And putting the four assembled inner dies into an outer die to complete the integral assembly of the dies, and applying a pressure of 50Mpa to the dies for 30s by using a pressure jack to complete the pre-pressing of the ceramic milling cutter powder bar blank. And (3) putting the mould with the bar blank into a hot-pressing sintering furnace for vacuum sintering, wherein the initial sintering pressure is 8Mpa, the heating rate is 30 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 800 ℃, keeping the temperature for 20min, then uniformly increasing the sintering pressure to 32Mpa at the speed of 2Mpa/min, keeping the temperature stable, changing the heating rate to 40 ℃/min, changing the sintering temperature to 1650 ℃, keeping the temperature for 1h, cooling the mould to the room temperature along with the furnace after the heat preservation is finished, and finally completing the sintering of the near-formed bar blank and obtaining 4 bar blanks with phi of 12 x 77mm (figure 4).
In this embodiment, the operation of step (3) is specifically:
grinding the surface of the sintered near-formed bar blank by using a diamond grinding wheel, removing machining allowance to change the size of the bar blank to phi 10 multiplied by 75mm, and then precisely grinding the spiral groove, the front cutter face, the rear cutter face and the end face of the bar blank in sequence to obtain a finished milling cutter (shown in figure 5), thereby forming the structure of a cutter handle 5, a cutting edge 6 and a cutter head 7.
Vickers hardness of the obtained ceramic milling cutter: 17.5 +/-0.2 GPa, bending strength: 785. + -. 25MPa, fracture toughness: 7.5 +/-0.35 MPa.m1/2。
Example 2
The composition of the ceramic powder was 69gSi3N4Powder body14g TiC powder and 12g SiCwPowder 4gY2O3Powder and 1g MgO powder.
Vickers hardness of the obtained ceramic milling cutter: 17 +/-0.2 GPa, bending strength: 780. + -. 25MPa, fracture toughness: 7 +/-0.35 MPa.m1/2。
The assembly and use process of the die in the manufacturing method is simple and convenient to operate, the sintered and formed rod blank has the basic shape of the milling cutter, the reserved machining allowance can avoid the influence of the surface defects of the rod blank without sintering on the performance of the finally formed milling cutter, the rod blank is finely ground by using the grinding wheel, the machining allowance is removed, and the grinding of the peripheral edge and the bottom edge is completed, so that the integral ceramic milling cutter with small surface damage, strong cutting capability, high cutting precision and long cutter service life can be machined in a short time, and the obtained ceramic milling cutter can maintain or has better cutter performance, and has better hardness, bending strength and fracture toughness.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A near-forming method for an integral ceramic milling cutter is characterized by comprising the following steps: putting ceramic powder into a near-forming die, and pre-pressing the die;
carrying out hot-pressing sintering on the pre-pressed near-forming die to obtain a near-forming rod blank;
and carrying out surface fine grinding on the obtained near-formed rod blank to obtain the ceramic milling cutter.
2. The near-net shape forming method for a ceramic milling cutter of one piece as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the ceramic powder comprises 60-70 parts of Si3N4Powder, 10-20 parts of TiC powder and 10-20 parts of SiCwPowder, 2-5 parts of Y2O3Powder and 1-3 parts of MgO powder.
3. The near-net shape forming method for a ceramic milling cutter of one piece as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the prepressing pressure is 40-60MPa, and the prepressing time is 20-40 s; further 45-50MPa or 50-60MPa, and the prepressing time is 25-30 s.
4. The near-net shape forming method for a ceramic milling cutter of one piece as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the hot-pressing sintering process comprises the following steps: the initial sintering pressure is 6-10MPa, the temperature is increased to 750-820 ℃, and the temperature is preserved; then the sintering pressure is increased to 30-35MPa, the pressure is maintained, the temperature is increased to 1600-1800 ℃, and the temperature is preserved.
5. The near-forming method for a one-piece ceramic milling cutter according to claim 4, wherein: the initial heating rate is 25-35 deg.C/min, the pressure raising rate is 1.5-2Mpa/min, and the final heating rate is 35-45 deg.C/min.
6. The near-forming method for a one-piece ceramic milling cutter according to claim 5, wherein: the initial sintering pressure is 8Mpa, the temperature rising speed is 30 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 800 ℃, the temperature is kept for 20min, then the sintering pressure is increased to 32Mpa at a constant speed of 2Mpa/min and is kept stable, the temperature rising speed is 40 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 1650 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 1 h.
7. The near-net shape forming method for a ceramic milling cutter of one piece as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the structure of the near-forming die comprises,
the outer die is provided with a cylindrical structure with a plurality of through holes;
the inner die is arranged inside the through hole of the outer die and is of a hollow cylindrical shell structure, and the inner side wall of the inner die is provided with a spiral convex structure.
8. The near-profiling method for a monolithic ceramic milling cutter according to claim 7, wherein: the convex edge of the inner die has a round corner structure.
9. The near-profiling method for a monolithic ceramic milling cutter according to claim 7, wherein: the outer diameter of the inner die is 20mm, and the inner diameter is 12 mm.
10. The near-profiling method for a monolithic ceramic milling cutter according to claim 7, wherein: the helical angle of the inner die is 25-45 degrees;
or, the near-forming die further comprises a graphite pad column and a graphite pressure column, and the graphite pressure column and the graphite pad column are matched up and down to extend into the inner die for prepressing.
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| CN1051900A (en) * | 1990-12-29 | 1991-06-05 | 清华大学 | Silicon nitride compound phase ceramic knife tool material with whiskers for supplementing toughness and strength |
| CN110818395A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-02-21 | 山东大学 | SiC whisker and silicon nitride particle reinforced alumina-based ceramic cutter material and preparation process thereof |
| CN110899803A (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-03-24 | 山东大学 | Integral ceramic milling cutter for high-speed milling of nickel-based alloy and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP2020066562A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2020-04-30 | 国立大学法人秋田大学 | WC-Si3N4-BASED COMPOSITE CERAMIC AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR |
| CN112159212A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-01-01 | 湘潭大学 | Al (aluminum)2O3/TiB2/Ni3Preparation method of Al ceramic cutter material |
| CN112430761A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-03-02 | 湘潭大学 | TiB2/Ti(C,N)/Al2O3Preparation method of ceramic cutter material |
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2021
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1051900A (en) * | 1990-12-29 | 1991-06-05 | 清华大学 | Silicon nitride compound phase ceramic knife tool material with whiskers for supplementing toughness and strength |
| JP2020066562A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2020-04-30 | 国立大学法人秋田大学 | WC-Si3N4-BASED COMPOSITE CERAMIC AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR |
| CN110818395A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-02-21 | 山东大学 | SiC whisker and silicon nitride particle reinforced alumina-based ceramic cutter material and preparation process thereof |
| CN110899803A (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-03-24 | 山东大学 | Integral ceramic milling cutter for high-speed milling of nickel-based alloy and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN112159212A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-01-01 | 湘潭大学 | Al (aluminum)2O3/TiB2/Ni3Preparation method of Al ceramic cutter material |
| CN112430761A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-03-02 | 湘潭大学 | TiB2/Ti(C,N)/Al2O3Preparation method of ceramic cutter material |
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