CN113134608A - Device and method for preparing nickel-based high-temperature alloy blank by pulse current auxiliary sintering - Google Patents
Device and method for preparing nickel-based high-temperature alloy blank by pulse current auxiliary sintering Download PDFInfo
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- CN113134608A CN113134608A CN202110340168.7A CN202110340168A CN113134608A CN 113134608 A CN113134608 A CN 113134608A CN 202110340168 A CN202110340168 A CN 202110340168A CN 113134608 A CN113134608 A CN 113134608A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
- B22F3/03—Press-moulding apparatus therefor
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of powder metallurgy and discloses a device and a method for preparing a nickel-based high-temperature alloy blank by pulse current auxiliary sintering. The device comprises a sintering die, a pressurizing device, a pulse current generating system, a temperature control system and a vacuum system; the sintering mold comprises an insulating mold cavity, two cylindrical pistons and two chucks; the inner ends of the cylindrical pistons are respectively inserted into two ends of the cylindrical through cavity, and a space for containing nickel-based superalloy powder is formed between the two cylindrical pistons; the two chucks are respectively connected with the outer ends of the two cylindrical pistons; the pressurizing device is respectively connected with the two chucks; the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the pulse current generation system are respectively connected into the two chucks; the temperature control system is used for monitoring the sintering temperature of the nickel-based superalloy powder and feeding the sintering temperature back to the pulse current generation system. The method can effectively control the growth of crystal grains, reduce hard second phase particles and microstructure defects, and quickly prepare the nickel-based high-temperature alloy blank with excellent mechanical properties.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of powder metallurgy, particularly relates to a device and a method for preparing a nickel-based high-temperature alloy, and particularly relates to a device and a method for preparing a nickel-based high-temperature alloy blank by pulse current auxiliary sintering.
Background
The nickel-based high-temperature alloy is an alloy taking nickel, chromium and iron as a matrix, has the advantages of high strength, good toughness, strong wear resistance, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, high thermal stability and the like, and is widely applied to important fields of aerospace, integrated circuits, nuclear energy and the like.
Because the nickel-based high-temperature alloy has high alloying degree, outstanding ingot segregation and poor processing performance, the nickel-based high-temperature alloy can not be formed by the traditional casting and forging process. The nickel-based high-temperature alloy prepared by the powder metallurgy method can prevent material macrosegregation, has uniform structure components and good hot workability. The prior nickel-based superalloy powder metallurgy process mainly adopts a die-casting molding powder metallurgy method, the sintering temperature of the process is high (over 1200 ℃), the molding time is long (over 2 hours), and the internal crystal grains of the material grow up rapidly, so when the blank prepared by the method is used for extreme service working conditions of aero-engines and the like, the service performance is seriously influenced by the coarseness of a microstructure. In addition, local hard second phase particles are often distributed in the nickel-based high-temperature alloy material formed by the traditional process, and the defects of original particle boundaries, holes, inclusions and the like exist in the material, so that a workpiece is easy to crack and the crack propagation is accelerated, and the mechanical properties of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy in high-temperature, high-pressure, abrasion and corrosion environments are seriously influenced. According to the Chinese patent CN 110666175A, the hot isostatic pressing temperature is set to be 10-30 ℃ higher than the melting temperature of a gamma' phase, the hot isostatic pressing pressure is more than 100MPa, and the heat preservation time is less than 1 hour through a hot isostatic pressing forming method, so that the problem of the boundary defect of original particles is solved, but hard second phase particles still exist. The Chinese patent CN 105274373A strengthens a gamma' phase with a face-centered cubic structure through two-step hot isostatic pressing, reduces the defects of a finished piece, and improves the mechanical property, but because the heat preservation time is more than 2h, the problem of coarse grains is not fundamentally solved, and the scale effect under the extreme size is still serious.
The directional movement drift electrons generated by the current in the metal and the multi-physical field effect generated by the directional movement drift electrons can influence the generation of dislocation and promote the dislocation movement, thereby reducing the deformation resistance of the material, inhibiting the generation of crack holes, promoting the recrystallization speed of the deformation process and playing the effects of inhibiting the growth of crystal grains and even refining the crystal grains. The material has obvious promotion effects on the behaviors of fatigue life, recovery and recrystallization, grain refinement, crack healing and the like of the material, can effectively improve the tissue performance of the material, and influences the preparation, processing, forming and using processes of the material. The Chinese patent CN 108411231A utilizes pulse current to carry out short-time effective treatment on the nickel-based high-temperature alloy, thereby obviously improving the microstructure of the alloy, effectively reducing hard second-phase particles, improving the strength of a workpiece by more than 20 percent and simultaneously improving the plasticity by more than 25 percent. The Chinese patent CN 111809128A utilizes pulse current to rapidly dissolve and deform low-melting-point Laves phase in the nickel-based superalloy ingot under the action of drift electrons flowing in a directional mode, meanwhile, the situation that the Laves phase is initially melted to block diffusion of segregation element atoms is avoided, energy consumption is low, operation is simple, and favorable conditions are created for subsequent processing of the nickel-based superalloy. The above two patents mainly study the effect of current on the nickel-base superalloy which has been formed, but the mechanism of the effect of current on the preparation of the nickel-base superalloy material is not clear.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a device and a method for preparing a nickel-based superalloy blank by combining pulse current assistance and powder metallurgy. The invention utilizes the advantages of large contact surface area between joule heat and electronic wind effect of an electric field and high-temperature alloy powder particles, enlarges a connection reaction interface, effectively controls the growth of crystal grains, weakens the scale effect, improves the microstructure of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy, improves the mechanical property of a workpiece, simplifies the forming process of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy blank, and is a high-performance nickel-based high-temperature alloy blank preparation technology which is simple to operate, economic and efficient and can reduce or avoid the problem of mechanical property loss caused by the internal defects of the original nickel-based high-temperature alloy blank.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a device for preparing a nickel-based superalloy blank by pulse current auxiliary sintering, which comprises a sintering die, a pressurizing device, a pulse current generating system, a temperature control system and a vacuum system, wherein the pressurizing device is connected with the pulse current generating system;
the sintering mold comprises an insulating mold cavity, two cylindrical pistons and two chucks; the insulating die cavity is provided with a cylindrical through cavity, and the inner diameter of the cylindrical through cavity is equal to the outer diameter of each cylindrical piston; each cylindrical piston is provided with an inner end and an outer end, the inner ends of the two cylindrical pistons are respectively inserted into the two ends of the cylindrical through cavity, and a space for containing nickel-based superalloy powder is formed between the two cylindrical pistons; the two chucks are respectively connected to the outer ends of the two cylindrical pistons;
the pressurizing devices are respectively connected with the two chucks and used for applying axial pressure along the axial direction of the cylindrical through cavity to the nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder filled in the cylindrical through cavity; the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the pulse current generation system are respectively connected to the two chucks and used for controlling the sintering temperature of the nickel-based superalloy powder; the temperature control system is used for monitoring the sintering temperature of the nickel-based superalloy powder and feeding the sintering temperature back to the pulse current generation system; the sintering mold is placed in the vacuum system.
In some embodiments, each cylindrical piston is made of an electrical conductor of high strength and much lower electrical resistivity than nickel-base superalloy powder; each chuck is made of high-strength and high-conductivity materials; the insulating cavity is made of an insulating material having high heat resistance and high strength at high temperatures.
In some embodiments, each cylindrical piston is a graphite piston; each chuck is made of copper or stainless steel; the insulation die cavity is a quartz die cavity.
In some embodiments, the temperature control system comprises a thermocouple, and a through hole is formed in the middle of the insulating die cavity, and the thermocouple penetrates into the nickel-based superalloy powder through the through hole.
In some embodiments, each chuck is in a shape of a disk, one end surface of each chuck is provided with a blind hole, and the other end surface of each chuck is connected with the pressurizing device; the outer end of each cylindrical piston is tightly matched and connected with the blind hole.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the nickel-based superalloy blank by pulse current auxiliary sintering by using the device, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: lubricating the inner wall of the cylindrical through cavity and the surfaces of the two pistons by using a lubricant, and then filling nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder into the cylindrical through cavity;
step 2: vacuumizing by using a vacuum system until the cylindrical through cavity reaches the required vacuum degree, and pre-compacting the nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder;
and step 3: applying axial pressure to the nickel-based superalloy powder by using a pressurizing device;
and 4, step 4: starting a pulse current generating system, and switching pulse current into a sintering mold to heat the nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder to a target temperature;
and 5: adjusting the pulse current intensity, controlling the temperature of the nickel-based superalloy powder at the target temperature, maintaining the axial pressure, and performing heat preservation and pressure maintaining treatment;
step 6: and after sintering, turning off the power supply, and cooling the nickel-based high-temperature alloy sintered part along with the furnace to prepare the nickel-based high-temperature alloy blank.
In some embodiments, in step 1, the lubricant comprises a zinc stearate acetone emulsion.
In some embodiments, the vacuum is less than 10 degrees f-3Pa; the axial pressure is 50-110 MPa, and the target temperature is 950-1250 ℃; the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 300-600 s.
In some embodiments, in the step 4, the temperature rise rate of the nickel-based superalloy powder to the target temperature is 120-600 ℃/min.
In some embodiments, the prepared nickel-based superalloy blank has a diameter of 4-9 mm and a length of 20-30 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) in the preparation process of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy, the pulse current is adopted for auxiliary sintering, and in the preparation process of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy, because the current passes through the powder particles, resistance heat and plasma discharge heat are formed between particle contact surfaces and are used as main energy for promoting the atomic diffusion and metallurgical reaction of the contact surfaces, the required external heating heat is effectively reduced, the metallurgical efficiency is greatly improved, and the energy consumption is reduced;
2) the required die only needs a stamping die, a die cavity and a clamping die, the manufacturing is simple, and meanwhile, the sintering efficiency of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy blank is high;
3) the method has simple process route, shortens the preparation time to 5-10 min, and shortens the preparation time by more than 90% compared with the prior production technology;
4) the high-temperature alloy prepared by the invention has uniform microstructure, effectively inhibits the growth of crystal grains, weakens the scale effect and obviously improves the comprehensive mechanical property of the material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the construction of an apparatus for preparing a nickel-base superalloy by pulse-current-assisted sintering according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a sintering mold according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the left cartridge and the left piston of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the right cartridge and the right piston of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an SEM micro-topography of a ball-milled GH4169 superalloy powder material of example 2 in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a process for preparing a nickel-based superalloy by pulse current assisted sintering according to example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an axial section EBSD micro-topography of GH4169 superalloy blank prepared in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. It is to be understood that the following examples are intended to facilitate the understanding of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the apparatus for preparing a nickel-based superalloy blank by pulse current assisted sintering according to the present embodiment includes a sintering mold 1, a pressurizing device 2, a pulse current generating system 3, a temperature control system 4, and a vacuum system 5, where the pressurizing device 2 includes a left ram 21 and a right ram 21'.
As shown in fig. 2, the sintering mold 1 includes an insulating cavity 11, a left cylindrical piston 12, a right cylindrical piston 12 ', a left collet 13, and a right collet 13'. The insulating cavity 11 has a cylindrical through cavity with an inner diameter approximately equal to the outer diameter of each cylindrical piston. In particular, the insulating cavity 11 is made of an insulating material having good heat resistance and high strength at high temperatures. In the present embodiment, the insulating cavity 11 is a quartz cavity. The left cylindrical piston 12 and the right cylindrical piston 12 'are both provided with inner ends and outer ends, wherein the inner end of the left cylindrical piston 12 is inserted into the left end of the cylindrical through cavity, the inner end of the right cylindrical piston 12' is inserted into the right end of the cylindrical through cavity, and a space for containing the nickel-based superalloy powder 6 is formed between the inner ends of the two cylindrical pistons. In particular, the two cylindrical pistons are made of an electrical conductor of high strength and of much lower resistivity than the nickel-base superalloy powder 6. In this embodiment, the two cylindrical pistons are graphite pistons.
As shown in fig. 3-4, the left and right chucks are disc-shaped, and a blind hole is formed in the middle of one end surface of each chuck, the outer end of the left cylindrical piston 12 is in tight fit connection with the blind hole in one end surface of the left chuck 13, and the outer end of the right cylindrical piston 12 'is in tight fit connection with the blind hole in one end surface of the right chuck 13'. Meanwhile, the other end surface of the left chuck 13 is connected to the left ram 21 of the pressurizing device 2, and the other end surface of the right chuck 13 'is connected to the right ram 21'. Particularly, the left chuck and the right chuck of the invention can fix a cylindrical piston, and the piston moves along the axial direction of the cylindrical through cavity under the action of the pressurizing device 2, thereby realizing the application of axial pressure F along the axial direction of the cylindrical through cavity to the nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder 6 in the cylindrical through cavity. In particular, the left and right nipples are made of a material having high strength and good electrical conductivity. In the present embodiment, the left and right chucks are made of stainless steel.
As shown in fig. 1, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the pulse current generating system 3 are respectively connected to the two chucks, so that the current is sequentially conducted to the nickel-based superalloy powder 6 through the chucks and the piston to heat the nickel-based superalloy powder. The temperature control system 4 is connected with the pulse current generation system 3 and used for feeding back the monitored temperature of the nickel-based superalloy powder 6 to the pulse current generation system 3 so as to control the sintering temperature of the nickel-based superalloy powder 6 by adjusting the current intensity. In this embodiment, the temperature control system 4 includes a thermocouple 41, a through hole 42 is formed in the middle of one side of the wall of the cylindrical through cavity, and the thermocouple 41 is inserted into the nickel-based superalloy powder 6 through the through hole 42.
In particular, the sintering mold 1 is placed in a vacuum system 5, so that the nickel-based superalloy powder 6 can be sintered in a certain vacuum degree, and the nickel-based superalloy powder 6 can be pre-compacted.
Example 2
In the embodiment 2, the device of the embodiment 1 is used for sintering and forming a GH4169 high-temperature alloy blank with the diameter of 9mm and the length of 20mm, wherein the outer diameter of the left chuck 13 and the right chuck 13' is 20mm, the diameter of the middle blind hole on the end surface is 9mm, the depth is 5mm, and the material is stainless steel; the diameter of the left and right cylindrical pistons 12 and 12' is 9mm, the length is 25mm, and the material is graphite; the insulating die cavity 11 has an outer diameter of 20mm, an inner diameter of 9mm and a length of 50mm, and is made of quartz. The specific preparation process of the GH4169 high-temperature alloy blank comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparation of GH4169 superalloy powder
The GH4169 master alloy is smelted, poured and machined to form an alloy blank, GH4169 high-temperature alloy powder is prepared by a mechanical alloying method, and an SEM (scanning electron microscope) microscopic morphology of the powder after ball milling is shown in FIG. 5.
Step 2: pouring GH4169 high-temperature alloy powder
Lubricating the inner wall of the cylindrical through cavity of the insulating cavity 11 and the surface of the cylindrical piston by using zinc stearate acetone emulsion; filling GH4169 high-temperature alloy powder prepared in the step 1 into a cylindrical through cavity, and vacuumizing by using a vacuum system until the vacuum degree in an insulating die cavity 11 is 10-3Pa below;
and step 3: preheating GH4169 superalloy powder
Applying axial pressure to GH4169 high-temperature alloy powder by using a pressurizing device, keeping the axial pressure at 50MPa, simultaneously opening a pulse current generating system, connecting pulse current into a sintering die 1, and heating the GH4169 high-temperature alloy powder to 1250 ℃;
Monitoring the temperature of the GH4169 high-temperature alloy powder by using a temperature control system, feeding the result back to a pulse current generation system, adjusting the current intensity, controlling the temperature of the GH4169 high-temperature alloy powder at 1250 ℃, simultaneously keeping the axial pressure at 50MPa, and keeping the temperature and pressure at the temperature and the axial pressure for 300 s;
and 5: furnace cooling
And after sintering, closing the power supply, and cooling the GH4169 high-temperature alloy sintered product along with the furnace to obtain the GH4169 high-temperature alloy blank. The sintering process from step 3 to step 5 is shown in fig. 6.
The EBSD microstructure information of the GH4169 superalloy blank formed after sintering in this example 2 is shown in FIG. 7. From the microstructure information, the electric current forms resistance heat between the contact surfaces of the superalloy powder particles, which becomes the main energy for promoting the atomic diffusion and metallurgical reaction of the contact surfaces, and the superalloy powder generates the atomic diffusion effect and forms a micro-melting zone under the action of the resistance heat. Under the coupling action of current and axial pressure, the difficulty in mold filling and flowing and the quality defect of a micro-workpiece caused by a micro-scale effect can be reduced or avoided, and the diffusion fusion performance, the densification degree and the microstructure performance of powder formed by sintering are further improved, so that the material quality problem caused by the internal defect of the high-temperature alloy original blank can be reduced or avoided. In addition, as can be seen from fig. 7, most of the crystal grain sizes of the GH4169 superalloy are below 20 μm, which indicates that the pulse current assisted sintering preparation technology of the invention helps to prevent the crystal grain growth, improve the microstructure property of the GH4169 superalloy and further improve the mechanical property of the GH4169 superalloy.
In conclusion, the method can effectively control the growth of crystal grains, reduce hard second phase particles and microstructure defects and quickly prepare the nickel-based superalloy blank with excellent mechanical properties.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made to the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the inventive concept thereof, and these modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A device for preparing a nickel-based high-temperature alloy blank by pulse current auxiliary sintering is characterized by comprising a sintering die, a pressurizing device, a pulse current generating system, a temperature control system and a vacuum system;
the sintering mold comprises an insulating mold cavity, two cylindrical pistons and two chucks; the insulating die cavity is provided with a cylindrical through cavity, and the inner diameter of the cylindrical through cavity is equal to the outer diameter of each cylindrical piston; each cylindrical piston is provided with an inner end and an outer end, the inner ends of the two cylindrical pistons are respectively inserted into the two ends of the cylindrical through cavity, and a space for containing nickel-based superalloy powder is formed between the two cylindrical pistons; the two chucks are respectively connected to the outer ends of the two cylindrical pistons;
the pressurizing devices are respectively connected with the two chucks and used for applying axial pressure along the axial direction of the cylindrical through cavity to the nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder filled in the cylindrical through cavity; the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the pulse current generation system are respectively connected to the two chucks and used for controlling the sintering temperature of the nickel-based superalloy powder; the temperature control system is used for monitoring the sintering temperature of the nickel-based superalloy powder and feeding the sintering temperature back to the pulse current generation system; the sintering mold is placed in the vacuum system.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each cylindrical piston is made of an electrical conductor of high strength and much lower electrical resistivity than nickel-base superalloy powder; each chuck is made of high-strength and high-conductivity materials; the insulating cavity is made of an insulating material having high heat resistance and high strength at high temperatures.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein each cylindrical piston is a graphite piston; each chuck is made of copper or stainless steel; the insulation die cavity is a quartz die cavity.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the temperature control system comprises a thermocouple, and a through hole is formed in the middle of the insulating die cavity, and the thermocouple penetrates into the nickel-based superalloy powder through the through hole.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each chuck is shaped like a disk, and has a blind hole at one end and a connection with the pressurizing means at the other end; the outer end of each cylindrical piston is tightly matched and connected with the blind hole.
6. Method for the preparation of nickel-base-superalloy blanks by means of pulse-current-assisted sintering with an apparatus according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
step 1: lubricating the inner wall of the cylindrical through cavity and the surfaces of the two pistons by using a lubricant, and then filling nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder into the cylindrical through cavity;
step 2: vacuumizing by using a vacuum system until the cylindrical through cavity reaches the required vacuum degree, and pre-compacting the nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder;
and step 3: applying axial pressure to the nickel-based superalloy powder by using a pressurizing device;
and 4, step 4: starting a pulse current generating system, and switching pulse current into a sintering mold to heat the nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder to a target temperature;
and 5: adjusting the pulse current intensity, controlling the temperature of the nickel-based superalloy powder at the target temperature, maintaining the axial pressure, and performing heat preservation and pressure maintaining treatment;
step 6: and after sintering, turning off the power supply, and cooling the nickel-based high-temperature alloy sintered part along with the furnace to prepare the nickel-based high-temperature alloy blank.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein in step 1, the lubricant comprises a zinc stearate acetone emulsion.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the vacuum level is less than 10 degrees f-3Pa; the axial pressure is 50-110 MPa, and the target temperature is 950-1250 ℃; the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 300-600 s.
9. The method according to claim 6, wherein in the step 4, the temperature raising rate of raising the temperature of the nickel-based superalloy powder to the target temperature is 120-600 ℃/min.
10. The method according to claim 6, wherein the prepared nickel-based superalloy blank has a diameter of 4-9 mm and a length of 20-30 mm.
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Application publication date: 20210720 |