CN113132192A - Massive Internet of things equipment access and management method - Google Patents
Massive Internet of things equipment access and management method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113132192A CN113132192A CN202110229563.8A CN202110229563A CN113132192A CN 113132192 A CN113132192 A CN 113132192A CN 202110229563 A CN202110229563 A CN 202110229563A CN 113132192 A CN113132192 A CN 113132192A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/2854—Wide area networks, e.g. public data networks
- H04L12/2856—Access arrangements, e.g. Internet access
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- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
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- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of Internet of things, and discloses a massive Internet of things equipment access and management method, which designs a uniform equipment abstraction model; the device abstraction model is used for describing the capability characteristics of the device, and describing the capability of the device and the provided service through the abstraction model; and describing the device model in the form of JSON and XML, and uploading the model to a cloud end system and a device end after the device model is developed. The capability features of the device are device model identification attributes: device type, vendor, model, protocol type, services supported by the device, attributes, and control commands. The method has simple steps, and can achieve good effect by designing the equipment unified description model and carrying out standardized processing on massive heterogeneous equipment. Compared with the existing Internet of things access technology, the access and management method for the mass Internet of things devices provided by the invention fundamentally solves the problems of difficult access, high cost, poor safety and difficult interaction of the Internet of things devices.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of Internet of things, and particularly relates to a massive Internet of things equipment access and management method.
Background
Currently, the internet of things forms a distinct hierarchical architecture in the development process: a sensing layer, a network layer, a platform layer and an application layer. The core of the Internet of things is data, the data are from various sensor equipment, the information of the physical world is acquired through a sensing device arranged on the equipment, and the data are an important means for information digitization, so that the most advanced sensing layer of the Internet of things is formed; the access layer is responsible for selecting a proper communication technology from the digital information received by the sensing layer according to the requirements of scenes, cost and the like, such as a short-distance communication technology represented by Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wi-Fi, Ethernet and the like and a long-distance communication technology represented by NB-IoT, LoRa, Sigfox, cellular mobile and the like, and packaging and distributing data to nearby gateways or base stations by utilizing communication protocols, such as transmission layer protocols of TCP, UDP and the like and application layer protocols of HTTP, MQTT, CoAP and the like, so that the forwarding and sharing of the data are realized; the platform layer is responsible for storing and managing data uploaded by the equipment, maintaining the life cycle of the equipment on the platform, receiving a control signaling sent by the application, sending the signaling to the equipment in a corresponding mode and providing rich interfaces for upper-layer application; meanwhile, the system has the functions of authentication, charging, attack prevention and the like; and the application layer develops corresponding application programs and control instructions for the equipment through interfaces provided by the platform according to different scenes.
Future internet of things will allow people and objects to be connected anytime, anywhere, anything, anyone, using any path/network and any service. But because the communication and the protocol of the internet of things have no unified standard, the interaction between the equipment and the platform is difficult. At present, aiming at the problem, different types of upper computers can be compiled for specific equipment for adaptation, then the data are converted through a protocol, and then the data are sent to a platform through an interface, so that the problem can be temporarily processed. However, in the application development process of the internet of things, the selected equipment is not fixed and can be further upgraded along with different requirements and scenes, and the problems of difficult maintenance, code redundancy and the like are caused because the new adaptation and coding operation is required in the process; on the other hand, most of the internet of things platform manufacturers provide the SDK to facilitate the integration of the platform by developers on the side of the device, but the integration can be performed only according to the standard of the platform, which is not beneficial to one-time development and multiple-place adaptation of users and developers.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:
(1) the devices produced by the manufacturers of the equipment of the internet of things have different communication protocols, communication flows and interaction modes, so that the equipment of the internet of things has high access cost, poor safety and difficult interaction.
(2) In the application development process of the Internet of things, the requirement is changed, and the re-adaptation and the encoding operation are needed, so that the maintenance is difficult and the code redundancy is caused;
(3) in the prior art, a unified model standard is lacked, and although an internet of things platform manufacturer provides an SDK (software development kit), a developer can integrate the platform on the side of equipment conveniently, the integration can be carried out only according to the standard of the platform, so that incompatibility among systems and generation of 'information isolated islands' are caused, and one-time development and multi-place adaptation of a user and the developer are not facilitated.
The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is:
(1) the problem of different data formats exists for different Internet of things devices. The difficulty is that the heterogeneous data cannot be analyzed in a unified mode, the data analyzed by the platform of the internet of things is limited in types, and massive data analysis is difficult to realize.
(2) The problem that the application development requirement of the Internet of things needs to be changed and needs to be adapted again is solved. The difficulty is that in the process of adapting the internet of things equipment, codes are often written according to specification provided by equipment manufacturers to realize soft adaptation, but when the application requirements change, the equipment of the equipment manufacturers needs to be newly increased or even be subjected to soft adaptation again when changing in data format and type, and the workload and the cost are huge.
(3) Aiming at the problem of information island. The difficulty is that although each manufacturer provides the SDK to reduce the threshold of device integration networking, one device can only be connected to one internet of things platform, data sharing is difficult to achieve, and meanwhile, the occurrence of the SDK also provides a certain learning cost for the user to perform device networking.
The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows:
(1) the problem of different data formats of the Internet of things equipment is solved, access and data analysis of massive heterogeneous equipment are facilitated, the Internet of things platform can be accessed to more kinds of Internet of things equipment, and meanwhile the market standardization process of the Internet of things can be accelerated.
(2) The problem that the application development requirement of the Internet of things needs to be changed and needs to be adapted again is solved, the code workload for adapting the new Internet of things equipment data format is reduced, and the maintenance cost is reduced.
(3) The problem of 'information isolated island' is solved, the data of the Internet of things equipment can be shared in a standard mode, the use of the Internet of things equipment in multiple scenes can be realized, and the value of the equipment can be exerted to the greatest extent.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a massive Internet of things equipment access and management method.
The invention is realized in such a way that a method for accessing and managing mass Internet of things equipment comprises the following steps:
designing a uniform equipment abstract model;
the device abstract model is used for describing the capability characteristics of the device, describing the capability of the device and the provided service through the abstract model, and has the functions of simplifying and describing the device through the abstract model, analyzing the constituent elements of the object, extracting the complex relationship between the object and the surrounding matters, and being beneficial to the access and the management of the device;
the JSON and XML data format is used for describing the equipment model, the model is uploaded to the cloud end system and the equipment end after the equipment model is developed, the JSON and XML data format has high readability and good expandability, and the model is conveniently uploaded to the cloud end system and the equipment end by the two data formats.
Further, the capability features of the device are a device model identification attribute: device type, vendor, model, protocol type, services supported by the device, attributes, and control commands.
Further, the protocol access of the massive Internet of things equipment access and management method is adaptive to more data protocols, the data protocols are internationally recognized standardized protocols, and the sensors simultaneously comply with the Internet of things equipment access developed by the standardized protocols, namely ModBus, MQTT, AMQP, XMPP and CoAP protocols; in addition, Internet of things equipment based on TCP and UDP sockets is also developed.
Further, the interaction process of the Internet of things equipment and the system is as follows;
the equipment access system needs to be registered in the system, and the system distributes the unique identification number and the equipment key information of the equipment after the registration is finished;
the equipment uses the ID and the key information to log in to generate Token, and the equipment transmits and receives data in the validity period of the Token; the RabbitMQ is used as a message middleware to realize asynchronization and peak clipping, and data of the equipment is sent to a message queue and then waits for further processing of a system;
a user needs to control or time a task for equipment in application, the task is firstly sent to a message queue, and the task is sent to an equipment end again when the equipment is on line and the preset time is reached.
Further, the internet of things equipment resource scheduling algorithm of the massive internet of things equipment access and management method;
the task scheduling of the equipment resources of the Internet of things is an aperiodic task and is defined as follows: t ═ R, C, D }, where R is task arrival time, C is task execution time, and D is task deadline;
a task TiTime of arrival RiAnd completion time FiIs a response time Wi＝Fi-RiThe response time of n tasks is
Average response time
Within a period of time, the number of tasks scheduled and successfully executed by the system is p, the total number of tasks is q, and the calling success rate of the system is
It is a further object of the invention to provide a computer device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of:
designing a uniform equipment abstract model;
the device abstraction model is used for describing the capability characteristics of the device, and describing the capability of the device and the provided service through the abstraction model;
and describing the device model in the form of JSON and XML, and uploading the model to a cloud end system and a device end after the device model is developed.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of:
designing a uniform equipment abstract model;
the device abstraction model is used for describing the capability characteristics of the device, and describing the capability of the device and the provided service through the abstraction model;
and describing the device model in the form of JSON and XML, and uploading the model to a cloud end system and a device end after the device model is developed.
The invention also aims to provide an information data processing terminal, which is used for realizing the access and management method of the mass Internet of things equipment.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a mass internet of things device accessing and managing system for implementing the mass internet of things device accessing and managing method, the mass internet of things device accessing and managing system including:
the protocol access module is used for adapting to more data protocols;
the data coding and decoding module is used for mapping according to the equipment data specification and the defined equipment model to realize the coding and decoding of the data;
the data standardization module is used for packaging and unpacking the decoded and decoded data again, carrying out standardization processing according to a unified format and realizing unified receiving processing of a cloud end;
the rule engine module is used for setting rules on the terminal side so as to filter dirty data and trigger the rules; and on the other hand, the configuration is carried out at the cloud end, so that the early warning monitoring of the equipment is realized.
The invention also aims to provide the internet of things equipment, and the internet of things equipment is used for realizing the access and management method of the mass internet of things equipment.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the method has simple steps, and can achieve good effect by designing the equipment unified description model and carrying out standardized processing on massive heterogeneous equipment. Compared with the existing Internet of things access technology, the access and management method for the mass Internet of things equipment provided by the invention fundamentally solves the problems of difficult access, high cost, poor safety and difficult interaction of the Internet of things equipment; experiments show that the time for accessing the Internet of things equipment into the network is shortened
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for accessing and managing a mass of internet of things devices according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a massive internet of things device access and management system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a unified device abstraction model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an access architecture of a mass internet of things device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an interaction process between a device and a system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a protocol access module; 2. a data encoding and decoding module; 3. a data standardization module; 4. and a rule engine module.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for accessing and managing mass Internet of things equipment, and the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention is realized in such a way that a method for accessing and managing mass Internet of things equipment comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 1, a method for accessing and managing a mass of internet of things devices provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes:
s101: a unified device abstraction model is designed.
S102: the device abstraction model is used for describing the capability characteristics of the device, and the abstract model is used for describing the capability of the device and the provided service.
S103: and describing the device model in the form of JSON and XML, and uploading the model to a cloud end system and a device end after the device model is developed.
Ordinary technicians in the field of the access and management method of the mass internet of things devices provided by the invention can also implement the access and management method by adopting other steps, and the access and management method of the mass internet of things devices provided by the invention in fig. 1 is only a specific embodiment.
In S102 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the capability characteristics of the device are the device model identification attribute: device type, vendor, model, protocol type, services supported by the device, attributes, and control commands, etc.
As shown in fig. 2, the massive internet of things device access and management system provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes: the system comprises a protocol access module 1, a data coding and decoding module 2, a data standardization module 3 and a rule engine module 4.
The protocol access module 1 is used for adapting to more data protocols; mainly to internationally recognized standardized protocols, sensor manufacturers have simultaneously observed the access of internet-of-things devices developed by standardized protocols, such as: ModBus, MQTT, AMQP, XMPP, CoAP and other protocols. Other parts of manufacturers also develop internet of things equipment based on TCP and UDP sockets, and protocols of the equipment have no uniform specification.
And the data coding and decoding module 2 is used for mapping according to the equipment data specification and the defined equipment model to realize the coding and decoding of the data.
And the data standardization module 3 is used for packaging and unpacking the decoded and decoded data again, carrying out standardization processing according to a unified format and realizing unified receiving processing of the cloud.
The rule engine module 4, on one hand, performs rule setting on the terminal side, and aims to filter dirty data and trigger rules; on the other hand, the configuration is carried out at the cloud end, and the purpose is to realize the early warning monitoring of the equipment.
The interactive process between equipment and a system in the massive Internet of things equipment access and management system provided by the embodiment of the invention is realized;
the equipment access system needs to be registered in the system, and after the registration is completed, the system can distribute information such as equipment unique identification number, equipment key and the like.
The device logs in by using the ID and the key information to generate Token, and the device can transmit and receive data in the validity period of the Token. Asynchronous, peak clipping effects can be achieved using the RabbitMQ as message middleware, and data of a device can be sent to a message queue first and then await further processing by the system.
The user needs to control or time the device in the application, and the tasks can be sent to the message queue first, and then sent to the device end again when the device is on line and the preset time is reached.
The resource scheduling algorithm of the equipment of the Internet of things provided by the embodiment of the invention;
task scheduling of the internet of things device resources is an aperiodic task, and can be defined as: and T is { R, C and D }, wherein R is the arrival time of the task, C is the execution time of the task, and D is the deadline of the task.
A task TiTime of arrival RiAnd completion time FiIs a response time Wi＝Fi-RiThe response time of n tasks is
Average response time
Within a period of time, the number of tasks scheduled and successfully executed by the system is p, the total number of tasks is q, and the calling success rate of the system is
The resource scheduling algorithm adopts a non-preemptive scheduling algorithm, and the scheduling algorithm is that T exists currently1、T2......TnTask sequence A of (2), currently inserting a new task Tn+1. If the sequence of the inserted task sequence n +1 is larger than the sequence of the inserted task sequence k, judging whether the task is overtime, and if the task is overtime, deleting the taskAnd (5) performing tasks.
Calculating overload parameters of the task sequence A, starting to traverse the sequences k and i if the overload parameters are zero, and exchanging the task T if the execution time of the task i is greater than the execution time of the task j and the overload parameters of the task i are 0iAnd Tj(ii) a If the current task sequence has overload problem, traversing the sequences k and i, if the execution time of the task i is larger than that of the task j, judging that the timeout coefficient before the exchange of the tasks i and j is equal to 1, the timeout coefficient after the exchange of the task j is equal to 0, or judging that the timeout coefficient before the exchange of the tasks i and j is equal to 0, and the timeout coefficient after the exchange of the task i is equal to 1, exchanging the task TiAnd Tj
Inputting: task sequence a ═ T1，T2，......，Tn}，Tn+1As a new task
And (3) outputting: task sequence A '═ T'1，T′2，......，T′m}
Insert Tn+1// will Tn+1Inserted into task sequence A
Ifk＜n+1：
If(R1+Wb1+Wbi＜Ri+Di) V/determining if a task is overtime
Delete Ti// delete the task
End
End
Overload parameter for calculation task sequence A
If(O＝＝0)
Fork＜m-1
For i＜m-k-1，j＝i+1
If(Cti＞Ctj)and(O′i＝0)//O′iIs TiSwitched timeout parameter
SwapTi，Tj// exchange task TiAnd Tj
End
End
End
Else// current task sequence overload problem
For k＜m-1
For i＜m-k-1，j＝i+1
If((Cti＞Ctj)and(Oi＝1)and(Oj＝1)and(O′j＝0))or((Cti＞Ctj)and(Oi＝0)and(Oj＝0)and(O′i＝0))
//Oi，OjAre respectively TiAnd TjTime-out coefficient before commutation, O'iO′jIs Ti，TjSwitched timeout factor
SwapTi，Tj
End
End
End
End。
It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention can be realized by hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware. The hardware portion may be implemented using dedicated logic; the software portions may be stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system, such as a microprocessor or specially designed hardware. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the apparatus and methods described above may be implemented using computer executable instructions and/or embodied in processor control code, such code being provided on a carrier medium such as a disk, CD-or DVD-ROM, programmable memory such as read only memory (firmware), or a data carrier such as an optical or electronic signal carrier, for example. The apparatus and its modules of the present invention may be implemented by hardware circuits such as very large scale integrated circuits or gate arrays, semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, or programmable hardware devices such as field programmable gate arrays, programmable logic devices, etc., or by software executed by various types of processors, or by a combination of hardware circuits and software, e.g., firmware.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A massive Internet of things equipment access and management method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
designing a uniform equipment abstract model;
the device abstraction model is used for describing the capability characteristics of the device, and describing the capability of the device and the provided service through the abstraction model;
and describing the device model in the form of JSON and XML, and uploading the model to a cloud end system and a device end after the device model is developed.
2. The mass internet of things device access and management method of claim 1, wherein the capability features of the device are device model identification attributes: device type, vendor, model, protocol type, services supported by the device, attributes, and control commands.
3. The mass Internet of things equipment access and management method according to claim 1, wherein the protocol access of the mass Internet of things equipment access and management method is adapted to more data protocols, the data protocols are internationally recognized standardized protocols, and the sensors simultaneously comply with the Internet of things equipment access developed by the standardized protocols, such as ModBus, MQTT, AMQP, XMPP and CoAP protocols; in addition, Internet of things equipment based on TCP and UDP sockets is also developed.
4. The mass Internet of things equipment access and management method according to claim 3, wherein the Internet of things equipment and the system interact in the process of;
the equipment access system needs to be registered in the system, and the system distributes the unique identification number and the equipment key information of the equipment after the registration is finished;
the equipment uses the ID and the key information to log in to generate Token, and the equipment transmits and receives data in the validity period of the Token; the RabbitMQ is used as a message middleware to realize asynchronization and peak clipping, and data of the equipment is sent to a message queue and then waits for further processing of a system;
a user needs to control or time a task for equipment in application, the task is firstly sent to a message queue, and the task is sent to an equipment end again when the equipment is on line and the preset time is reached.
5. The mass Internet of things equipment access and management method according to claim 1, wherein an Internet of things equipment resource scheduling algorithm of the mass Internet of things equipment access and management method;
the task scheduling of the equipment resources of the Internet of things is an aperiodic task and is defined as follows: t ═ R, C, D }, where R is task arrival time, C is task execution time, and D is task deadline;
a task TiTime of arrival RiAnd completion time FiIs a response time Wi＝Fi-RiThe response time of n tasks is
Average response time
Within a period of time, the number of tasks scheduled and successfully executed by the system is p, the total number of tasks is q, and the calling success rate of the system is
6. A computer device, characterized in that the computer device comprises a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to carry out the steps of:
designing a uniform equipment abstract model;
the device abstraction model is used for describing the capability characteristics of the device, and describing the capability of the device and the provided service through the abstraction model;
and describing the device model in the form of JSON and XML, and uploading the model to a cloud end system and a device end after the device model is developed.
7. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of:
designing a uniform equipment abstract model;
the device abstraction model is used for describing the capability characteristics of the device, and describing the capability of the device and the provided service through the abstraction model;
and describing the device model in the form of JSON and XML, and uploading the model to a cloud end system and a device end after the device model is developed.
8. An information data processing terminal is characterized in that the information data processing terminal is used for realizing the mass Internet of things equipment access and management method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.
9. A massive Internet of things equipment accessing and managing system for implementing the massive Internet of things equipment accessing and managing method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the massive Internet of things equipment accessing and managing system comprises:
the protocol access module is used for adapting to more data protocols;
the data coding and decoding module is used for mapping according to the equipment data specification and the defined equipment model to realize the coding and decoding of the data;
the data standardization module is used for packaging and unpacking the decoded and decoded data again, carrying out standardization processing according to a unified format and realizing unified receiving processing of a cloud end;
the rule engine module is used for setting rules on the terminal side so as to filter dirty data and trigger the rules; and on the other hand, the configuration is carried out at the cloud end, so that the early warning monitoring of the equipment is realized.
10. An Internet of things device is characterized in that the Internet of things device is used for realizing the access and management method of mass Internet of things devices as claimed in any one of claims 1-5.
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| CN113746850A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-12-03 | 成都小步创想慧联科技有限公司 | Multi-channel data acquisition method for Internet of things |
| CN113805867A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-12-17 | 中通服咨询设计研究院有限公司 | Internet of things platform based on visual static script engine |
| CN113836211A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2021-12-24 | 央视国际网络无锡有限公司 | Data extraction method for accessing Internet of things equipment data to JAVA platform |
| CN113949676A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-01-18 | 云知声（上海）智能科技有限公司 | Equipment access method of Internet of things platform |
| CN114745433A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-07-12 | 杭州指令集智能科技有限公司 | Method and system for accessing mass equipment data to Internet of things |
| CN114793191A (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-07-26 | 江苏卓易信息科技股份有限公司 | Internet of things integration system and method based on domain model |
| CN115150226A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-10-04 | 武汉虹信技术服务有限责任公司 | Intelligent gateway adaptation system based on object model and operation method thereof |
| CN115550463A (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2022-12-30 | 深圳市润腾智慧科技有限公司 | Cross-cloud Internet of things platform data processing method and device and related equipment |
| CN117857608A (en) * | 2024-03-07 | 2024-04-09 | 安徽慕京信息技术有限公司 | Method and system for collecting equipment data based on Internet of things platform |
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