CN113132018A - Device and method for generating high-speed random number based on photoelectric oscillator - Google Patents
Device and method for generating high-speed random number based on photoelectric oscillator Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An apparatus and method for generating high-speed random numbers based on an optoelectronic oscillator, wherein the apparatus comprises: the device comprises a first light-emitting module, a second light-emitting module, a positive feedback loop comprising an optical circulator and a photoelectric detector, a wavelength division multiplexer, an open optical fiber and a random number generation module. The open optical fiber is used for generating backward Rayleigh scattered light, and the backward Rayleigh scattered light forms a random light signal after being gained; the photoelectric detector of the random optical signal in the positive feedback loop converts the random optical signal into a random microwave signal, and the random number generation module generates a random number based on the random microwave signal. The random number generated based on the photoelectric oscillator has the technical effects of non-periodicity, unpredictability and unreproducibility; meanwhile, the optical fibers are split and subjected to different delay lengths and then are combined, so that multiple paths of random optical signals are superposed, and the distribution uniformity of random numbers is improved; and the speed of generating random numbers is improved by arranging a plurality of paths of cables with different lengths.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of microwave photonics technology and high-speed random number generation, in particular to a device and a method for generating high-speed random numbers based on a photoelectric oscillator.
Background
Random numbers, i.e., random sequences obtained by random experiments, are widely applied to the fields of communications, cryptography, monte carlo simulation and the like, and have important application values. The pseudo random sequence generated by the pseudo random number generator in the random number has limited length and certain periodicity, and meanwhile, the pseudo random number depends on a complex algorithm and a given initial value, and both the algorithm and the initial value have the possibility of being cracked. Compared with pseudo random numbers generated by computer algorithms, true random numbers obtained based on physical random phenomena such as thermal noise, spontaneous emission noise, quantum noise, chaotic phenomena, and the like have the characteristics of non-periodicity, unpredictability, and non-reproducibility, and can be used to realize a more secure encryption system. Meanwhile, based on random numbers generated by physical random phenomena, the random number generation module can generate high-speed random numbers with the speed of Tbps (namely megabytes per second).
Disclosure of Invention
It is therefore an objective of the claimed invention to provide an apparatus and method for generating high-speed random numbers based on an optoelectronic oscillator, which at least partially solves at least one of the above-mentioned problems.
To achieve the above object, as one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for generating high-speed random numbers based on an optoelectronic oscillator, comprising:
the first light-emitting module is used for generating a first light signal;
the second light-emitting module is used for generating a second light signal;
a positive feedback loop comprising:
an optical circulator and comprising at least 3 ports for transmitting optical signals; and
a photodetector;
a wavelength division multiplexer for coupling the second optical signal with the first optical signal to form a coupled optical beam; wherein the wavelength division multiplexer receives a first optical signal via the optical circulator;
an open optical fiber that generates backward Rayleigh scattered light based on the coupled light beam; the transmission direction of the backward Rayleigh scattering light is opposite to that of the first optical signal, and random optical signals are formed after the second optical signals are gained; the random optical signal passes through the optical circulator; returning to the positive feedback loop, and converting the random optical signal into a random microwave signal by the photoelectric detector; and
and the random number generation module is used for generating a random number based on the random microwave signal.
As still another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method for generating high-speed random numbers based on an optoelectronic oscillator, using the apparatus for generating high-speed random numbers based on an optoelectronic oscillator as described above, including:
the first light-emitting module generates a first light signal;
the second light-emitting module generates a second light signal;
an optical circulator in the positive feedback loop transmits the first optical signal to a wavelength division multiplexer;
a wavelength division multiplexer coupling the second optical signal with the first optical signal to form a coupled optical beam;
opening the fiber will produce backward rayleigh scattered light based on the coupled beam; the transmission direction of the backward Rayleigh scattering light is opposite to that of the first optical signal, and random optical signals are formed after the second optical signals are gained; the random optical signal returns to a positive feedback loop through the optical circulator;
the photoelectric detector converts the random optical signal into a random microwave signal;
the random number generation module generates a random number based on the random microwave signal.
Based on the technical scheme, the device and the method for generating the high-speed random number based on the photoelectric oscillator have at least one of the following beneficial effects:
1. the device for generating the high-speed random number based on the photoelectric oscillator takes the photoelectric oscillator as an entropy source, generates backward Rayleigh scattering light by utilizing the non-uniformity of the refractive index of an optical fiber medium to provide an optical signal with randomness, converts the optical signal with randomness into a microwave signal with randomness by the photoelectric oscillator, samples and processes the microwave signal with randomness by a random number generation module, and generates the random number. The generated random numbers have the technical effects of non-periodicity, unpredictability and unreproducibility compared with pseudo-random numbers generated by a computer algorithm;
2. in the invention, the optical fibers are split in the cavity of the photoelectric oscillator and are merged after undergoing different delay lengths, so that multiple paths of random optical signals are superposed, and the distribution uniformity of random numbers is improved;
3. according to the invention, the cables with different lengths are arranged behind the power divider, and the random microwave signals are divided into the multiple paths of delay combinations, so that the random microwave signal sampling points reaching the random number generation module are prevented from being overlapped, the random number generation speed is increased, and the possibility of continuous expansion is provided for the random number generation speed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for generating high-speed random numbers based on an optoelectronic oscillator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a positive feedback loop in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of a random optical signal generation and transmission path according to an embodiment of the invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-a first light emitting module; 2-a positive feedback loop;
21-a modulator; 22-an optical circulator; 23-an optical amplifier;
24-a photodetector; 25-power divider; 26-an electrical amplifier;
3-a random number generation module;
4-a second light emitting module;
5-wavelength division multiplexer;
6-open optical fiber;
7-an optical fiber; 71-an optical fiber unit;
8-a cable; 81-cable unit.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following specific embodiments.
According to the invention, a photoelectronic system is constructed as an entropy source, wherein the broadband random photoelectric oscillator realizes the continuous change of the cavity length of the photoelectric oscillator by using Rayleigh scattering randomly distributed in optical fibers as random distribution feedback, a positive feedback loop 2 can be regarded as a plurality of ring cavity sets with different lengths, the single cavity length of the traditional photoelectric oscillator is not longer, and microwave signals with different frequency components in a noise substrate can oscillate in the ring cavity. Therefore, a broadband random signal without longitudinal mode interval can be generated through self-oscillation, and a high-speed random number can be obtained through quantization processing of the broadband random signal.
The invention discloses a device for generating high-speed random numbers based on a photoelectric oscillator, which comprises:
a first light-emitting module 1 for generating a first light signal;
a second light emitting module 4 for generating a second light signal;
a positive feedback loop 2 comprising:
an optical circulator 22 and includes at least 3 ports for transmitting optical signals; and
a photodetector 24;
a wavelength division multiplexer 5 for coupling the second optical signal with the first optical signal to form a coupled optical beam; wherein the wavelength division multiplexer 5 receives the first optical signal via the optical circulator 22;
an open optical fiber 6 for generating backward Rayleigh scattering light based on the coupled light beam; the transmission direction of the backward Rayleigh scattering light is opposite to that of the first optical signal, and random optical signals are formed after the second optical signals are gained; the random optical signal returns to the positive feedback loop 2 through the optical circulator 22; the photodetector 24 converts the random optical signal into a random microwave signal; and
and the random number generation module 3 is used for generating a random number based on the random microwave signal.
In some embodiments of the invention, the positive feedback loop 2 further comprises:
an optical amplifier 23, configured to perform signal amplification on the random optical signal;
a power divider 25 configured to divide the random microwave signal into a first microwave signal and a second microwave signal; the random number generation module 3 samples and processes the second microwave signal and generates a random number;
an electrical amplifier 26 for amplifying the first microwave signal; and
and the modulator 21 is used for modulating the amplified first microwave signal and loading the first microwave signal on the first optical signal.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the power divider 25 is connected to the random number generation module 3 through a cable 8;
in some embodiments of the present invention, the cable 8 after the power divider 25 is divided into multiple beam cable units 81, and the multiple beam cable units 81 are respectively connected to the random number generation module 3, and are configured to divide the second microwave signal into multiple microwave signal units;
in some embodiments of the present invention, at least two cable units 81 of the multi-beam cable units 81 have different lengths, and are used to form a plurality of microwave signal units arriving in batches, so as to increase the rate of random number generation.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the optical amplifier 23 and the photodetector 24 are connected by an optical fiber.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the optical fiber 7 behind the output end of the optical amplifier 23 is divided into a plurality of beam optical fiber units 71, and is combined into one beam of optical fiber 7 before reaching the input end of the photodetector 24, so as to divide the random optical signal into a plurality of random optical signal units, and then the random optical signal units are overlapped again after respectively undergoing different transmission times, so as to improve the uniformity of random distribution of the random optical signal;
in some embodiments of the present invention, the lengths of at least two optical fiber units 71 included in the multi-bundle optical fiber units 71 are different.
In some embodiments of the invention, the second light emitting module 4 comprises a raman laser;
in some embodiments of the invention, the output end of the open fiber 6 is an open port;
in some embodiments of the invention, the end face of the open port is at an oblique angle to the vertical; wherein the bevel angle is 8 ° to 10 °.
The invention also discloses a method for generating high-speed random numbers based on the photoelectric oscillator, which adopts the device for generating high-speed random numbers based on the photoelectric oscillator and comprises the following steps:
the first light-emitting module 1 generates a first light signal;
the second light emitting module 4 generates a second light signal;
an optical circulator 22 in the positive feedback loop 2 transmits the first optical signal to a wavelength division multiplexer 5;
a wavelength division multiplexer 5 coupling the second optical signal with the first optical signal to form a coupled optical beam;
the open fiber 6 will produce backward rayleigh scattered light based on the coupled beam; the transmission direction of the backward Rayleigh scattering light is opposite to that of the first optical signal, and random optical signals are formed after the second optical signals are gained; the random optical signal returns to the positive feedback loop 2 through the optical circulator 22;
the photodetector 24 converts the random optical signal into a random microwave signal;
the random number generation module 3 generates a random number based on the random microwave signal.
In some embodiments of the invention, the method further comprises:
the optical amplifier 23 amplifies the random optical signal;
the power divider 25 divides the random microwave signal into a first microwave signal and a second microwave signal, and is adapted to the random number generation module 3 to sample and process the second microwave signal and generate a random number;
an electric amplifier 21 amplifies the first microwave signal; and
the modulator 21 modulates the amplified first microwave signal and loads the first microwave signal on the first optical signal;
in some embodiments of the present invention, the second microwave signal is divided into a plurality of microwave signal units by a plurality of paths and transmitted to the random number generation module 3;
in some embodiments of the present invention, the plurality of paths comprise at least two lengths, so that the plurality of microwave signal units are divided into a plurality of batches, thereby increasing the rate of random number generation.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the random optical signal output by the optical amplifier 23 is divided into a plurality of random optical signal units by the multi-beam optical fiber unit 71, and the plurality of random optical signal units are combined into a random optical signal before reaching the input end of the photodetector 24, so as to improve the uniformity of random distribution of the random optical signal,
in some embodiments of the present invention, the lengths of at least two of the optical fiber units 71 included in the multi-bundle optical fiber units 71 are different.
In one embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus for generating high-speed random numbers based on an optoelectronic oscillator is disclosed, as shown in fig. 1, comprising: a photoelectric oscillator and random number generation module 3; the optoelectronic oscillator includes: a laser (first light emitting module 1), a positive feedback loop 2, a raman laser (i.e. a second light emitting module 4), a wavelength division multiplexer 5 and an open optical fiber 6;
the laser (first light-emitting module 1) is used for generating continuous laser;
the positive feedback loop 2, as shown in fig. 2, includes: a positive feedback loop 2 formed by sequentially connecting an intensity modulator (modulator 21), an optical circulator 22, an optical amplifier 23, a photoelectric detector 24, a power divider 25 and an electric amplifier 26;
the raman laser (i.e., the second light emitting module 4) for generating raman pump light;
the wavelength division multiplexer 5, a first input end of which is connected with a raman laser (i.e. the second light emitting module 4), receives the raman pump light; the second input end of the laser is connected with an optical circulator 22 and receives continuous laser generated by the laser (the first light-emitting module 1);
the open optical fiber 6 is connected with the output end of the wavelength division multiplexer 5; wherein, the wavelength division multiplexer 5 couples the continuous laser and Raman pump light transmitted by the optical circulator 22 into the open optical fiber 6 to form a coupled light beam; the coupled light beam generates backward Rayleigh scattered light in the transmission process of the open optical fiber 6;
the raman pump light generated by the raman laser (i.e. the second light emitting module 4) provides gain for the backward rayleigh scattered light and forms a random optical signal;
the random optical signal is introduced into the positive feedback loop 2 via the optical circulator 22; the photodetector 24 is configured to convert a random optical signal into a random microwave signal;
the power divider 25 is configured to divide the random microwave signal into a first microwave signal and a second microwave signal, where the first microwave signal enters the intensity modulator (modulator 21) after being amplified by the electrical amplifier 26 and is loaded in the continuous laser emitted by the laser source (i.e., the first light-emitting module 1); and
and the random number generation module 3 is used for sampling and processing the second microwave signal and generating a random number.
In the embodiment of the invention, a laser source (a first light-emitting module 1), an intensity modulator (a modulator 21), an optical circulator 22, a raman laser (namely, a second light-emitting module 4), a wavelength division multiplexer 5, an open optical fiber 6, an optical amplifier 23 and a photoelectric detector 24 are connected by a jumper through an optical fiber 7; the photodetector 24, the power divider 25, the electrical amplifier 26, and the random number generation module 3 are connected by a cable 8.
In this embodiment, the optical amplifier 23 and the photodetector 24 are connected by two optical fibers with different lengths (i.e., two optical fiber units 71 with different lengths); the two fiber units 71 are recombined into a bundle of optical fibers 7 before reaching the photodetector 24. Because of the superposition processing of the multipath random optical signal units with different time delays, the waveform of the random microwave signal generated after the beat frequency of the photoelectric detector 24 is closer to Gaussian distribution, thereby improving the uniformity of the random number distribution.
In this embodiment, the cable 8 at the output end of the power divider 25 is divided into two cable units 81, and is connected to the random number generation module 3, and the two cable units 81 have different lengths, and each microwave signal unit reaches the random number generation module 3 after undergoing different delays, so that the sampling points of each cable unit 81 of the random number generation module 3 do not overlap, and the final random number generation rate can be increased exponentially due to the fact that the sampling points are staggered. The microwave signal unit of each cable unit 81 is sampled in the random number generation module 3, each sampling point is quantized into a binary sequence, and a portion to be reserved is extracted from the sequence as a random number sequence. And combining the random number sequences obtained from all the sampling points into a sequence, wherein the sequence is the finally output high-speed random number.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for generating high-speed random numbers based on an optoelectronic oscillator is also disclosed, which employs the apparatus for generating high-speed random numbers based on an optoelectronic oscillator as described above, and the method includes:
the first light-emitting module 1 emits a first light signal;
the first optical signal is transmitted to the positive feedback loop 2 through the modulator 21 to form a loop in which the optical signal and the microwave signal are converted with each other;
wherein the optical circulator 22 in the positive feedback loop 2 transmits the first optical signal to the wavelength division multiplexer 5;
the second light emitting module 4 generates a second light signal;
as shown in fig. 3, the wavelength division multiplexer 5 couples the second optical signal with the first optical signal to form a coupled optical beam;
the coupled light beam generates backward Rayleigh scattered light in the open optical fiber 6 in a direction opposite to the transmission direction of the first optical signal; wherein the second optical signal gains the backward Rayleigh scattered light and generates a random optical signal having random optical power;
the random optical signals are sequentially transmitted to the positive feedback loop 2 through the optical circulator 22; wherein, the first optical signal and the random optical signal are both propagated through a bundle of optical fibers 7;
the optical amplifier 23 performs signal amplification on the random optical signal;
the photodetector 24 converts the random optical signal after signal amplification into a random microwave signal;
the power divider 25 divides the random microwave signal into a first microwave signal and a second microwave signal; the first microwave signal returns to the modulator 21 after passing through the electrical amplifier 26, and the modulator 21 modulates the first microwave signal and loads the first microwave signal on the first optical signal;
and the random number generation module 3 samples and processes the second microwave signal to finally generate a high-speed random number.
In this embodiment, the second microwave signal is divided into a plurality of microwave signal units by a plurality of paths and transmitted to the random number generation module 3; wherein, the plurality of paths comprise at least two lengths, so that the plurality of microwave signal units are divided into a plurality of batches to reach the random number generation module 3 in a delayed manner.
In the present embodiment, the random optical signal output from the optical amplifier 23 is divided into a plurality of random optical signal units by the multi-beam optical fiber unit 71, and the plurality of random optical signal units are combined into a random optical signal before reaching the input end of the photodetector 24. The optical fibers 7 are split into beams and then merged into a bundle of optical fibers 7 after undergoing different delay lengths, so that multiple paths of random optical signals are superposed, and the uniformity of random number distribution is finally improved.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An apparatus for generating high-speed random numbers based on an optoelectronic oscillator, comprising:
a first light-emitting module (1) for generating a first light signal;
a second light emitting module (4) for generating a second light signal;
a positive feedback loop (2) comprising:
an optical circulator (22) and comprising at least 3 ports for transmitting optical signals; and
a photodetector (24);
a wavelength division multiplexer (5) for coupling the second optical signal with the first optical signal to form a coupled optical beam; wherein the wavelength division multiplexer (5) receives a first optical signal via the optical circulator (22);
an open optical fiber (6) for generating backward Rayleigh scattered light based on the coupled light beam; the transmission direction of the backward Rayleigh scattering light is opposite to that of the first optical signal, and random optical signals are formed after the second optical signals are gained; the random optical signal returns to the positive feedback loop (2) through the optical circulator (22); the photodetector (24) converts the random optical signal into a random microwave signal; and
a random number generation module (3) for generating a random number based on the random microwave signal.
2. The arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the positive feedback loop (2) further comprises:
an optical amplifier (23) for signal amplifying the random optical signal;
a power divider (25) for dividing the random microwave signal into a first microwave signal and a second microwave signal; the random number generation module (3) samples and processes the second microwave signal and generates a random number;
an electrical amplifier (26) for amplifying the first microwave signal; and
a modulator (21) for modulating the amplified first microwave signal and loading it on the first optical signal.
3. The apparatus of claim 2,
the power divider (25) is connected with the random number generation module (3) through a cable (8);
the cable (8) behind the power divider (25) is divided into multiple beam cable units (81), and the multiple beam cable units (81) are respectively connected with the random number generation module (3) and are used for dividing the second microwave signal into multiple microwave signal units;
at least two cable units (81) in the multi-beam cable units (81) are different in length and are used for forming a plurality of microwave signal units which arrive in batches so as to improve the rate of random number generation.
4. The apparatus of claim 2,
the optical amplifier (23) is connected with the photoelectric detector (24) through an optical fiber.
5. The apparatus of claim 4,
the optical fiber (7) behind the output end of the optical amplifier (23) is divided into a plurality of beams of optical fiber units (71), and is combined into one beam of optical fiber (7) before reaching the input end of the photoelectric detector (24), so that the random optical signal is divided into a plurality of random optical signal units, and then the random optical signal units are superposed again after different transmission times are respectively carried out, and the uniformity of random distribution of the random optical signal is improved;
wherein the lengths of at least two optical fiber units (71) in the multi-beam optical fiber units (71) are different.
6. The apparatus of claim 1,
the second light emitting module (4) comprises a Raman laser;
the output end of the open optical fiber (6) is an open port;
the end surface of the open port forms an oblique angle with the vertical direction; wherein the bevel angle is 8 ° to 10 °.
7. A method for generating high-speed random numbers based on an optoelectronic oscillator, which employs the optoelectronic oscillator-based high-speed random number generating apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 6, and comprises:
the first light-emitting module (1) generates a first light signal;
the second light emitting module (4) generates a second light signal;
an optical circulator (22) in the positive feedback loop (2) transmits the first optical signal to a wavelength division multiplexer (5);
a wavelength division multiplexer (5) couples the second optical signal with the first optical signal to form a coupled optical beam;
an open optical fiber (6) will generate backward rayleigh scattered light based on the coupled beam; the transmission direction of the backward Rayleigh scattering light is opposite to that of the first optical signal, and random optical signals are formed after the second optical signals are gained; the random optical signal returns to a positive feedback loop (2) through the optical circulator (22);
-the photodetector (24) converts the random light signal into a random microwave signal;
a random number generation module (3) generates a random number based on the random microwave signal.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
an optical amplifier (23) performs signal amplification on the random optical signal;
the power divider (25) divides the random microwave signal into a first microwave signal and a second microwave signal, is suitable for the random number generation module (3) to sample and process the second microwave signal, and generates a random number;
an electrical amplifier (26) amplifies the first microwave signal; and
a modulator (21) modulates the amplified first microwave signal and loads it on the first optical signal.
9. The method of claim 8,
the second microwave signal is divided into a plurality of microwave signal units by a plurality of paths and transmitted to the random number generation module (3);
the plurality of paths comprise at least two lengths, so that the plurality of microwave signal units are divided into a plurality of batches, and the random number generation rate is increased.
10. The method of claim 8,
the random optical signal output by the optical amplifier (23) is divided into a plurality of random optical signal units by a multi-beam optical fiber unit (71), the plurality of random optical signal units are combined into a random optical signal before reaching the input end of the photoelectric detector (24) so as to improve the uniformity of random distribution of the random optical signal,
wherein the lengths of at least two optical fiber units (71) in the multi-beam optical fiber unit (71) are different.
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