CN113124792B - Method for measuring bonding area of large-scale high-speed rotating equipment based on non-contact ultrasound - Google Patents
Method for measuring bonding area of large-scale high-speed rotating equipment based on non-contact ultrasound Download PDFInfo
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- CN113124792B CN113124792B CN201911411995.XA CN201911411995A CN113124792B CN 113124792 B CN113124792 B CN 113124792B CN 201911411995 A CN201911411995 A CN 201911411995A CN 113124792 B CN113124792 B CN 113124792B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/28—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring areas
- G01B11/285—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring areas using photoelectric detection means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
- G01M15/14—Testing gas-turbine engines or jet-propulsion engines
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for measuring the bonding area of large-scale high-speed rotating equipment based on non-contact ultrasound, which is characterized in that pulse laser emitted by a laser irradiates the upper surface of a first rotor component through a spectroscope and a first lens; enabling the photoelectric detector to receive the pulse laser from the spectroscope; enabling the confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer to receive the ultrasonic signal of the upper surface of the first rotor component; the data acquisition card converts an electric signal transmitted by the photoelectric detector and an ultrasonic signal transmitted by the confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer into a digital signal, and transmits the digital signal to the industrial personal computer for storage and data processing; using amplitude A i And the bonding area S i The corresponding relation between the first rotor component and the second rotor component obtains the bonding area of the first rotor component and the second rotor component at the current detection position. The invention realizes the non-contact nondestructive measurement of the bonding area of the large-scale high-speed rotary equipment, simultaneously completes the excitation and the receiving of the laser ultrasound instantly, can realize the rapid and real-time measurement, and has stronger anti-interference capability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for measuring the joint area of large-scale high-speed rotating equipment based on non-contact ultrasound, belonging to the technical field of measurement.
Background
The large-scale high-speed rotary equipment such as an aircraft engine or a gas turbine has become a bottleneck problem in the manufacturing field of high-end equipment in China due to the characteristics of complex technology, high development difficulty and the like and European and American technical blockade. Aircraft engines or gas turbine systems are typically assembled from multiple stages of rotors, the surfaces of the rotors that contact each other being referred to as the interface. These microscopically rough contact surfaces no longer provide continuity to the system. The mechanical properties of an aircraft engine or gas turbine system are related not only to the rotor parts themselves, but also to the nature of the connection between the rotors, the presence of a joint surface complicating the analysis and prediction of the system performance. The quality of the assembly between the rotors at each stage has a significant impact on the performance of large high-speed rotating equipment such as aircraft engines or gas turbines. In the assembling process, if the non-uniformity of the joint area exists on the rotor connecting interface, the non-uniformity exists on the deformation amount generated by the aeroengine or the gas turbine in a high-speed state, the unbalance amount of the rotor has large variation, and finally the vibration is generated when the engine works. More than 90% of faults of the turbofan aircraft engine are caused by vibration, which is one of the sources of overhaul of the aircraft engine in China when the aircraft engine works for hundreds of hours. Therefore, the attachment area of the engine rotor is required to be precisely measured, and the assembly can be precisely carried out only when the measurement is precise.
At present, the measurement of the bonding area is mainly to set a pressure-sensitive film or paint red powder on a contact interface of a rotor, judge the contact condition by observing the change of the pressure-sensitive film or the red powder after assembly, and further calculate the bonding area. The ultrasonic method can realize the nondestructive measurement of the contact characteristic of the bonding surface under the condition of not changing the contact state of a workpiece, and the nominal contact area can be directly obtained by scanning the bonding surface by using the ultrasonic probe, so that domestic and foreign scholars develop extensive research on the ultrasonic measurement method. In the traditional ultrasonic technology, a contact transducer is mostly adopted, in order to ensure high sensitivity and reliability, various ultrasonic coupling agents are generally used, certain transit time is required when ultrasonic waves pass through the mixture of 311464, interference harmonic waves can be generated, unstable factors are brought to measurement, extra workload can be added due to the use of the coupling agents, the measurement efficiency is low, and in the worse case, certain corrosion and damage can be caused to the surface of an aeroengine or a gas turbine rotor, so that the traditional ultrasonic method is limited in practical application to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for measuring the bonding area of large-sized high-speed rotating equipment based on non-contact ultrasound, which aims to solve the problems that the bonding area of the large-sized high-speed rotating equipment is difficult to directly measure, the traditional ultrasonic method has low measuring efficiency and can corrode the surface of a measured piece and the like, and realize the direct, high-efficiency and high-precision measurement of the bonding area of the large-sized high-speed rotating equipment.
A method for measuring the bonding area of large-scale high-speed rotary equipment based on non-contact ultrasound is applied to a device for measuring the bonding area of large-scale high-speed rotary equipment based on laser ultrasound, and the measuring device comprises: the measuring method comprises the following steps of:
adjusting the positions and postures of the laser, the spectroscope and the first lens to enable pulse laser emitted by the laser to irradiate the upper surface of the first rotor component through the spectroscope and the first lens;
adjusting the positions and postures of the second lens and the photoelectric detector to enable the photoelectric detector to receive pulse laser from the spectroscope;
adjusting the position and the posture of the confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer to enable the confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer to receive the ultrasonic signal of the upper surface of the first rotor component;
the industrial personal computer sends an instruction to enable the laser to emit pulse laser, the pulse laser is divided into two beams by the spectroscope, one beam of pulse laser is transmitted to the photoelectric detector through the second lens and then converted into an electric signal to be transmitted to the data acquisition card to be used as acquisition trigger of an ultrasonic signal, the other beam of pulse laser is focused on the upper surface of the first rotor component through the first lens and excites ultrasonic waves inside the first rotor component, the ultrasonic waves are transmitted inside the first rotor component and reach a joint surface of the first rotor component and the second rotor component, a part of ultrasonic waves pass through the joint surface to be continuously transmitted, the other part of ultrasonic waves are reflected to the upper surface of the first rotor component and are received by the Fabry-Perot interferometer and transmitted to the data confocal acquisition card, the data acquisition card converts the ultrasonic signals transmitted by the Fabry-Perot interferometer and the electric signal transmitted by the photoelectric detector into digital signals, and the digital signals are transmitted to the industrial personal computer for storage and data processing;
step five, extracting the ultrasonic signal V from the data signal i Amplitude A of i Using amplitude A i And the bonding area S i The corresponding relation between the first rotor component and the second rotor component obtains the attaching area of the first rotor component and the second rotor component at the current detection position.
Further, in step five, the amplitude A i And the bonding area S i The corresponding relation between the two is obtained by calibration, namely:
S i ＝CA i (1)
wherein, C is the ultrasonic signal amplitude A obtained by the calibration of the experiment i And the bonding area S i Coefficient of the relationship between them.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The laser and the confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer are adopted to respectively realize the excitation and the receiving of the ultrasonic method, realize the non-contact nondestructive measurement of the bonding area, and can avoid using a liquid coupling agent which is necessary in the traditional ultrasonic method, thereby eliminating the corrosion and the pollution of the coupling agent to the surface of a measured piece;
(2) The laser beam can be focused to a very small spot, and thus the spatial resolution of the measurement of the attachment area of large high-speed rotating equipment can be improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a large-scale high-speed rotation equipment bonding area measuring device based on laser ultrasound.
Wherein, 1 is a laser, 2 is a spectroscope, 3 is a first lens, 4 is a confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer, 5 is a data acquisition card, 6 is a second lens, 7 is a photoelectric detector, 8 is an industrial personal computer, 9 is a first rotor component, and 10 is a second rotor component.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described below clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for measuring the bonding area of the large-sized high-speed rotating equipment based on non-contact ultrasound is applied to a device for measuring the bonding area of the large-sized high-speed rotating equipment based on laser ultrasound, and the measuring device comprises: the measuring method comprises the following steps of:
adjusting the positions and postures of a laser 1, a spectroscope 2 and a first lens 3 to enable pulse laser emitted by the laser 1 to irradiate the upper surface of a first rotor component 9 through the spectroscope 2 and the first lens 3;
adjusting the positions and postures of the second lens 6 and the photoelectric detector 7 to enable the photoelectric detector 7 to receive the pulse laser from the spectroscope 2;
adjusting the position and the posture of the confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer 4 to enable the confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer 4 to receive the ultrasonic signal of the upper surface of the first rotor component 9;
step four, the industrial personal computer 8 sends an instruction to enable the laser 1 to emit pulse laser, the pulse laser is divided into two beams by the spectroscope 2, one beam of pulse laser is transmitted to the data acquisition card 5 after being incident to the photoelectric detector 7 through the second lens 6 and then converted into an electric signal to be used as acquisition trigger of an ultrasonic signal, the other beam of pulse laser is focused on the upper surface of the first rotor component 9 through the first lens 3 and excites ultrasonic waves inside the first rotor component 9, the ultrasonic waves are transmitted inside the first rotor component 9 and reach a joint surface of the first rotor component 9 and the second rotor component 10, a part of the ultrasonic waves are continuously transmitted through the joint surface, the other part of the ultrasonic waves are reflected back to the upper surface of the first rotor component 9 and are received by the confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer 4 and transmitted to the data acquisition card 5, the data acquisition card 5 converts the ultrasonic signals transmitted by the confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer 4 and the electric signal transmitted by the photoelectric detector 7 into digital signals, and transmits the digital signals to the industrial personal computer 8 for storage and data processing;
step five, extracting the ultrasonic signal V from the data signal i Amplitude A of i Using amplitude A i And the bonding area S i The corresponding relationship between the first rotor component 9 and the second rotor component 10 is obtained, and the bonding area of the first rotor component and the second rotor component in the current detection position is obtained.
In this preferred embodiment, in step five, the amplitude A is i And the bonding area S i The corresponding relation between the two is obtained by calibration, namely:
S i ＝CA i (1)
wherein, C is ultrasonic signal amplitude A obtained by experimental calibration i And the bonding area S i Coefficient of the relationship between them.
Specifically, the industrial personal computer 8 controls the time, pulse energy and laser emission frequency of the laser 1.
The large-sized high-speed rotating equipment is a rotating equipment which takes an object as an example, such as an aircraft engine or a gas turbine, and is specifically defined as a rotating equipment with the size height of a measured piece larger than 3m, the diameter larger than 1.5m and the rotating speed larger than 1.5 ten thousand revolutions per minute.
Claims (2)
1. A method for measuring the bonding area of large-scale high-speed rotary equipment based on non-contact ultrasound is characterized in that the method is applied to a device for measuring the bonding area of large-scale high-speed rotary equipment based on laser ultrasound, and the measuring device comprises: laser (1), spectroscope (2), first lens (3), confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer (4), data acquisition card (5), second lens (6), photodetector (7), industrial personal computer (8), first rotor component (9) and second rotor component (10), the output of confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer (4) and the output of photodetector (7) are connected with the input of industrial personal computer (8) through data acquisition card (5), the output of industrial personal computer (8) is connected with the input of laser (1) and the input of Fabry-Perot interferometer (4), laser (1), spectroscope (2) and first lens (3) are arranged in sequence above the first rotor component (9) from far to near at an angle of 45 ° relative to the oblique angle of the first rotor component (9), laser (1) is arranged coaxially with the first lens (3), photodetector (7) and second lens (6) are arranged coaxially with respect to the first rotor component (2) above the near to the reflected light of the spectroscope (2) in sequence, and the reflected light of the first rotor component (9) is arranged coaxially with the second rotor component (9) through the second rotor component (10), and the confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer (9) is arranged coaxially above the second rotor component (4) through the flange structure, the measuring method comprises the following steps:
adjusting the positions and postures of the laser (1), the spectroscope (2) and the first lens (3) to enable pulse laser emitted by the laser (1) to irradiate the upper surface of the first rotor component (9) through the spectroscope (2) and the first lens (3);
adjusting the positions and postures of the second lens (6) and the photoelectric detector (7) to enable the photoelectric detector (7) to receive pulse laser from the spectroscope (2);
adjusting the position and the posture of the confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer (4) to enable the confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer (4) to receive the ultrasonic signal of the upper surface of the first rotor component (9);
the industrial personal computer (8) sends an instruction to enable the laser (1) to emit pulse laser, the pulse laser is divided into two beams by the spectroscope (2), one beam of pulse laser is incident to the photoelectric detector (7) through the second lens (6) and then converted into an electric signal to be transmitted to the data acquisition card (5) to be used as acquisition trigger of an ultrasonic signal, the other beam of pulse laser is focused on the upper surface of the first rotor component (9) through the first lens (3) and excites an ultrasonic wave inside the first rotor component (9), the ultrasonic wave is transmitted inside the first rotor component (9) and reaches a joint surface of the first rotor component (9) and the second rotor component (10), a part of the ultrasonic wave penetrates through the joint surface to be continuously transmitted, the other part of the ultrasonic wave is reflected to the upper surface of the first rotor component (9) and is received by the confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer (4) and transmitted to the data acquisition card (5), and the data acquisition card (5) converts the ultrasonic signal transmitted by the photoelectric detector (7) and the photoelectric signal transmitted by the confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer (4) into a digital signal and transmits the digital signal to the industrial personal computer (8) for data processing and data processing;
step five, extracting the ultrasonic signal V from the data signal i Amplitude A of i Using amplitude A i And the bonding area S i The corresponding relation between the first rotor component and the second rotor component obtains the bonding area of the first rotor component (9) and the second rotor component (10) at the current detection position.
2. The non-contact ultrasound-based large-scale high-speed slewing equipment bonding area measurement method according to claim 1,in step five, the amplitude A i And the bonding area S i The corresponding relation between the two is obtained by calibration, namely:
S i ＝CA i (1)
wherein, C is ultrasonic signal amplitude A obtained by experimental calibration i And the bonding area S i Coefficient of the relationship between them.
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| US5523839A (en) * | 1994-02-28 | 1996-06-04 | Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing | Differential optical interferometric profilomenty for real time manufacturing control |
| CN1189746C (en) * | 2002-03-21 | 2005-02-16 | 江苏大学 | Nondestructive quantitative measuring method and device for photoacaustic performance of membrane-base coupling structure in micro optical-mechanical-electric system |
| DE10236756A1 (en) * | 2002-08-10 | 2004-02-19 | Sms Meer Gmbh | Device for measuring the wall thickness of a pipe in a rolling mill has lamp emitting a bundled light and fixed to different sites on a measuring head |
| JP2005147870A (en) * | 2003-11-17 | 2005-06-09 | Fujinon Corp | Light wave interference measuring method on winding surface, and interferometer device for winding surface measurement |
| JP4496154B2 (en) * | 2005-10-31 | 2010-07-07 | 株式会社リコー | Rotary encoder, roller member, belt conveying device, image forming device |
| CN101377410A (en) * | 2008-10-10 | 2009-03-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Large caliber aspheric surface measuring apparatus and method based on ultra-precise revolving scanning |
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