CN113123162A - Preparation method of double-substrate paper-based friction material with excellent performance - Google Patents
Preparation method of double-substrate paper-based friction material with excellent performance Download PDFInfo
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
- D21H13/10—Organic non-cellulose fibres
- D21H13/20—Organic non-cellulose fibres from macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H13/26—Polyamides; Polyimides
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
- D21H17/24—Polysaccharides
- D21H17/25—Cellulose
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/46—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/52—Epoxy resins
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/66—Salts, e.g. alums
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
- D21H17/675—Oxides, hydroxides or carbonates
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/06—Paper forming aids
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/06—Paper forming aids
- D21H21/08—Dispersing agents for fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H25/00—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
- D21H25/04—Physical treatment, e.g. heating, irradiating
Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a double-matrix paper-based friction material with excellent performance, which comprises the steps of adding chopped reinforced fibers, cellulose fibers, aramid pulp, fillers and the like into water, pulping and dispersing, adding the pulp into a paper sheet former to make a paper-based friction material preform, drying, immersing the preform into a binder solution consisting of thermosetting polyimide resin and epoxy resin, after the solvent is volatilized, putting the preform into a flat vulcanizing machine to be pre-heated and pressed to a required thickness, and then putting the preform into an oven to be cured to obtain the paper-based friction material. The invention integrates the heat resistance of polyimide resin and the high adhesion of epoxy resin, and prepares the paper-based friction material with higher shear strength, wear resistance and heat resistance compared with the traditional phenolic resin matrix.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of friction materials, and relates to a preparation method of a double-matrix paper-based friction material with excellent performance, in particular to a paper-based friction material which adopts polyimide resin and epoxy resin as double matrixes and has more excellent performance compared with a paper-based friction material with pure phenolic resin vegetation.
Background
The resin binder is used as an important component part of the paper-based friction material, mainly plays a role in binding all other components in the material into a whole and transferring and balancing load, occupies a large proportion in the material, and the performance of the resin binder directly influences the comprehensive performance of the whole material. Phenolic resin is the most commonly used resin matrix in paper-based friction materials, but due to the poor toughness of the phenolic resin, when the materials are impacted, microcracks can be generated on the surfaces of the materials, and large braking noise is generated; in addition, the heat resistance of the phenolic resin is poor, the bonding strength is also relatively poor, and finally the wear rate of the paper-based friction material is high.
Polyimide is an engineering plastic with good thermal stability, outstanding mechanical property, low density, oil resistance, solvent resistance and excellent tribological property, so that polyimide resin is an ideal resin matrix of a paper-based friction material, but has the problems of relatively poor bonding property and high viscosity, and is not easy to uniformly disperse in the material; the epoxy resin is a thermosetting resin with a structure containing polar hydroxyl, ether bond and epoxy group with high activity, and has excellent adhesive property, mechanical property and the like, but unmodified epoxy resin has the problems of high brittleness and poor heat resistance, so that the epoxy resin and polyimide resin are used as the resin matrix of the paper-based friction material together, and the properties of the epoxy resin and the polyimide resin can be combined to prepare the paper-based friction material with excellent performance.
Document 1 "influence of resin impregnation on properties of paper-based friction material [ J ] paper making in china, 2014,33(11): 12-15" studies compare the differences in properties of paper-based friction material when phenolic resin, polyimide resin, and phenolic resin and polyimide resin are respectively used as a matrix, and find that when phenolic resin and polyimide resin are used together as a matrix, the properties are better than those when the two resins are impregnated alone, but the complementary action between phenolic resin and polyimide resin is weak, no chemical reaction occurs between the phenolic resin and the polyimide resin, and the properties of the resins themselves are not improved.
Document 2, "patent publication No. 110655908A", prepares a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin based friction material, the method has a simple preparation process, and solves the problems of high production cost and serious environmental pollution of the friction material in the prior art, but due to the high brittleness of the epoxy resin, the friction material can generate microcracks on the surface of the material after repeatedly bearing stress, and the epoxy resin has relatively poor heat resistance, so that the thermal wear is aggravated in the braking process, and the performance of the material is influenced.
Just because the resin plays a very critical role in the paper-based friction material, the exploration of the interaction between the novel resin and the resin has very important significance for improving the comprehensive performance of the paper-based friction material.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In order to avoid the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the preparation method of the double-matrix paper-based friction material with excellent performance, the polyimide resin and the epoxy resin are adopted as double matrixes, the performances of the polyimide resin and the epoxy resin are integrated, the defects of high brittleness, low bonding strength and poor heat resistance of the phenolic resin are overcome, the defects of high viscosity of single polyimide resin, high brittleness and relatively poor heat resistance of the epoxy resin are optimized, and the paper-based friction material with higher heat resistance, wear resistance and mechanical strength compared with the traditional phenolic resin matrix is prepared.
Technical scheme
A preparation method of a double-substrate paper-based friction material with excellent performance is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: mixing the chopped reinforced fibers, the cellulose fibers, the aramid pulp and the filler with water, pulping and dispersing the mixture by using a defibering machine, and pouring the mixture into a paper sheet forming machine;
the mass ratio of each component is 12-16% of chopped reinforced fiber, 10-15% of cellulose fiber, 4-8% of aramid pulp, 30-40% of binder and 25-35% of filler; the sum of the mass percentages is 100 percent;
step 2: adding a dispersing agent and a flocculating agent, manufacturing a paper-based friction material prefabricated body by using a paper-making machine, and placing the paper-based friction material prefabricated body in a drying oven for drying;
and step 3: mixing uncured polyimide resin and epoxy resin in any proportion, and then dissolving the mixture in an aprotic polar solvent to be uniformly dispersed to prepare a binder solution; immersing the paper-based friction material preform into the binder solution, putting the paper-based friction material preform into an oven, and volatilizing and drying the solvent under the condition of being lower than the curing temperature;
and 4, step 4: pre-hot pressing the dried prefabricated body on a flat vulcanizing machine to a required thickness, and then placing the prefabricated body in an oven for curing to prepare the double-substrate paper-based friction material;
the technological parameters of the pre-hot pressing are as follows: the temperature is 140-;
the curing procedure is as follows: the temperature is maintained at the temperature of 100-120 ℃ for 30min, the temperature is increased to the temperature of 150-180 ℃ for 30min within the time of 10min, and the temperature is increased to the temperature of 230-250 ℃ for 30min within the time of 10 min.
The ratio of the polyimide resin to the epoxy resin is 5: 5.
The ratio of the polyimide resin to the epoxy resin is 3: 7.
The ratio of the polyimide resin to the epoxy resin is 7: 3.
The aprotic polar solvent includes, but is not limited to, any one of N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, and N, N-dimethylformamide.
The filler comprises one or more of alumina, barium sulfate, fluororubber powder, chromite, mineral powder, graphite and fluorite powder.
The chopped reinforced fiber comprises any one of chopped polyimide fiber, chopped carbon fiber and chopped glass fiber.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides a preparation method of a double-substrate paper-based friction material with excellent performance, which comprises the steps of adding chopped reinforced fibers, cellulose fibers, aramid pulp, fillers and the like into water, pulping and dispersing, adding the pulp into a paper sheet former to make a paper-based friction material preform, drying, immersing the preform into a binder solution consisting of thermosetting polyimide resin and epoxy resin, after the solvent is volatilized, putting the preform into a flat vulcanizing machine to be pre-heated to a required thickness, and then putting the preform into an oven to be cured to obtain the paper-based friction material. The invention integrates the heat resistance of polyimide resin and the high adhesion of epoxy resin, and prepares the paper-based friction material with higher shear strength, wear resistance and heat resistance compared with the traditional phenolic resin matrix.
According to the invention, based on the obvious complementarity between the epoxy resin and the polyimide resin, and the grafting reaction between the epoxy resin and the polyimide resin, the thermal stability and the brittleness of the epoxy resin are improved by adding the polyimide resin, and the epoxy resin has the characteristic of high adhesion, so that the paper-based friction material with excellent comprehensive performance can be prepared by using the epoxy resin and the thermosetting polyimide resin as a matrix, compared with a phenolic resin matrix, the shear strength is maximally improved by about 149%, and the wear rate is maximally reduced by about 60%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of shear strength of various examples and comparative examples
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the wear rates of various examples and comparative examples
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the reaction mechanism of epoxy resin and thermosetting polyimide resin
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the following examples and drawings:
the first embodiment is as follows:
step 1: respectively weighing 4.2g of fiber bulks, including 1.6g of cellulose fibers, 0.8g of aramid pulp and 1.8g of chopped polyimide fibers; 4.9g of filler and friction performance regulator, mainly comprising 0.4g of alumina, 0.6g of ferrochromium mineral powder, 0.5g of graphite, 0.4g of fluorite powder, 0.5g of mineral powder, 0.5g of barium sulfate and 2g of fluororubber powder; 2.45g of thermosetting polyimide resin powder and 2.45g of E51 epoxy resin;
step 2: adding the weighed short-cut polyimide fibers, aramid pulp, cellulose fibers, filler and a friction performance regulator into water, pulping and dispersing for 15min at the speed of 2000r/min by using a defibrator, pouring the slurry into a paper sheet forming machine, adding 2ml of dispersant and 5ml of flocculant, making a paper-based friction material preform, and drying for 1h in an oven at the temperature of 70 ℃;
and step 3: dissolving the thermosetting polyimide resin powder and the epoxy resin weighed in the step 1 in N, N-dimethylacetamide to prepare a resin solution with the resin content of 20%, soaking the preform in the resin solution, and then placing the preform in an oven to volatilize the solvent at 70 ℃;
and 4, step 4: and (3) pre-hot pressing the dried preform in the step (3) for 5min at 150 ℃ and 5MPa to obtain a paper-based friction plate with the thickness of 0.8mm, then placing the paper-based friction plate in an oven, preserving heat for 30min at 100 ℃, heating to 160 ℃ for 20min after 10min, and preserving heat for 20min after heating to 230 ℃ for 10min to solidify, thus obtaining the paper-based friction material.
The second embodiment is as follows: weighing 3.43g of thermosetting polyimide resin powder and 1.47g of E51 epoxy resin;
the pre-hot pressing of the step 4 is pre-hot pressing for 6min under the conditions of 155 ℃ and 6 MPa;
and curing, namely, keeping the temperature at 110 ℃ for 30min, heating to 170 ℃ for 10min, keeping the temperature for 20min, heating to 230 ℃ for 10min, keeping the temperature for 30min, and curing to obtain the paper-based friction material.
The others remain consistent with the embodiments.
The third concrete embodiment: weighing 1.47g of thermosetting polyimide resin powder and 3.43g of E51 epoxy resin, and carrying out pre-hot pressing in the step 4 for 7min at 140 ℃ and 7MPa
And curing, namely, keeping the temperature at 120 ℃ for 30min, heating to 150 ℃ for 10min, keeping the temperature for 30min, heating to 230 ℃ for 10min, keeping the temperature for 20min, and curing to obtain the paper-based friction material.
Others remain consistent with the embodiments;
preparation of a comparative sample: only one phenolic resin is used.
Step 1: respectively weighing 4.2g of fiber reinforcement, including 1.6g of cellulose fiber, 0.8g of aramid pulp and 1.8g of chopped polyimide fiber; 4.9g of filler and friction performance regulator, mainly comprising 0.4g of alumina, 0.6g of ferrochromium mineral powder, 0.5g of graphite, 0.4g of fluorite powder, 0.5g of mineral powder, 0.5g of barium sulfate and 2g of fluororubber powder; 4.9g of cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resin powder;
step 2: adding the weighed short-cut polyimide fibers, aramid pulp, cellulose fibers, filler and a friction performance regulator into water, pulping and dispersing for 15min at the speed of 2000r/min by using a defibrator, pouring the slurry into a paper sheet forming machine, adding 2ml of dispersant and 5ml of flocculant, making a paper-based friction material preform, and drying for 1h in an oven at the temperature of 70 ℃;
and step 3: dissolving the phenolic resin powder in the step 1 in absolute ethyl alcohol to prepare a resin solution with the mass fraction of 20%, soaking the prefabricated body in the resin solution, and then drying the prefabricated body at room temperature;
and 4, step 4: and (4) performing hot-pressing curing on the prefabricated body obtained in the step (3) on a flat vulcanizing machine, wherein the parameters are 160 ℃ and curing is performed for 5min under 5MPa, and thus the paper-based friction material with the thickness of 0.8mm is obtained.
And (3) performing performance characterization on the samples of different examples and the comparative samples, wherein the specific characterization content and method are as follows:
the wear rate and the shear performance of the sample are respectively tested by adopting a multifunctional reciprocating friction wear tester (CFT-I) and a mechanical and electronic universal tester.
FIG. 1 shows the wear rate of the samples of different examples and the comparative sample, and it can be seen that the wear rate is reduced by about 60% at most when the polyimide resin and the epoxy resin are co-impregnated compared with the phenolic resin-based paper-based friction material, mainly due to the good adhesion property and the good frictional wear property of the polyimide resin, and the excellent heat resistance also reduces the thermal wear amount.
FIG. 2 shows the magnitude of the shear strength of the samples of the different examples and the comparative sample, and it can be seen that the maximum shear strength increase of about 149% is achieved when the polyimide resin and the epoxy resin are co-impregnated, mainly due to the excellent adhesion of the epoxy resin and the polyimide resin.
FIG. 3 is a reaction mechanism diagram between polyimide resin and epoxy resin, and it can be seen that a graft reaction can occur between the two, thereby improving the overall crosslinking degree of the resin, and integrating the properties of the two resins, thereby improving the overall properties of the paper-based friction material.
In conclusion, the epoxy resin and the polyimide resin are used as the matrix of the paper-based friction material, so that the shear strength, the wear resistance and the heat resistance of the paper-based friction material can be effectively improved, and the paper-based friction material has very important significance for improving the comprehensive performance of the paper-based friction material.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a double-substrate paper-based friction material with excellent performance is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: mixing the chopped reinforced fibers, the cellulose fibers, the aramid pulp and the filler with water, pulping and dispersing the mixture by using a defibering machine, and pouring the mixture into a paper sheet forming machine;
the mass ratio of each component is 12-16% of chopped reinforced fiber, 10-15% of cellulose fiber, 4-8% of aramid pulp, 30-40% of binder and 25-35% of filler; the sum of the mass percentages is 100 percent;
step 2: adding a dispersing agent and a flocculating agent, manufacturing a paper-based friction material prefabricated body by using a paper-making machine, and placing the paper-based friction material prefabricated body in a drying oven for drying;
and step 3: mixing uncured polyimide resin and epoxy resin in any proportion, and then dissolving the mixture in an aprotic polar solvent to be uniformly dispersed to prepare a binder solution; immersing the paper-based friction material preform into the binder solution, putting the paper-based friction material preform into an oven, and volatilizing and drying the solvent under the condition of being lower than the curing temperature;
and 4, step 4: pre-hot pressing the dried prefabricated body on a flat vulcanizing machine to a required thickness, and then placing the prefabricated body in an oven for curing to prepare the double-substrate paper-based friction material;
the technological parameters of the pre-hot pressing are as follows: the temperature is 140-;
the curing procedure is as follows: the temperature is maintained at 120 ℃ for 30min at 100-.
2. The preparation method of the double-matrix paper-based friction material with excellent performance according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ratio of the polyimide resin to the epoxy resin is 5: 5.
3. The preparation method of the double-matrix paper-based friction material with excellent performance according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ratio of the polyimide resin to the epoxy resin is 3: 7.
4. The preparation method of the double-matrix paper-based friction material with excellent performance according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ratio of the polyimide resin to the epoxy resin is 7: 3.
5. The preparation method of the double-matrix paper-based friction material with excellent performance according to claim 1, characterized in that: the aprotic polar solvent includes, but is not limited to, any one of N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, and N, N-dimethylformamide.
6. The preparation method of the double-matrix paper-based friction material with excellent performance according to claim 1, characterized in that: the filler comprises one or more of alumina, barium sulfate, fluororubber powder, chromite, mineral powder, graphite and fluorite powder.
7. The preparation method of the double-matrix paper-based friction material with excellent performance according to claim 1, characterized in that: the chopped reinforced fiber comprises any one of chopped polyimide fiber, chopped carbon fiber and chopped glass fiber.
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| 高家诚等: "纸基摩擦材料的研究现状", 《功能材料》 * |
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