CN113120166B - Polar region anchorage submerged buoy laying system, polar region anchorage submerged buoy laying method, polar region anchorage submerged buoy laying storage medium and polar region anchorage submerged buoy laying computer - Google Patents
Polar region anchorage submerged buoy laying system, polar region anchorage submerged buoy laying method, polar region anchorage submerged buoy laying storage medium and polar region anchorage submerged buoy laying computer Download PDFInfo
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- CN113120166B CN113120166B CN202110520904.7A CN202110520904A CN113120166B CN 113120166 B CN113120166 B CN 113120166B CN 202110520904 A CN202110520904 A CN 202110520904A CN 113120166 B CN113120166 B CN 113120166B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B22/00—Buoys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B22/00—Buoys
- B63B22/003—Buoys adapted for being launched from an aircraft or water vehicle;, e.g. with brakes deployed in the water
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B22/00—Buoys
- B63B22/04—Fixations or other anchoring arrangements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B22/00—Buoys
- B63B2022/006—Buoys specially adapted for measuring or watch purposes
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of marine environment detection, and discloses a polar region anchor submerged buoy laying system, a polar region anchor submerged buoy laying method and a polar region anchor submerged buoy laying computer, wherein the polar region anchor submerged buoy laying method comprises the following steps: preparing the polar submerged buoy before laying; the icebreaker reaches a laying point, and personnel are in position; CTD observation of full water depth and full profile; arranging a submerged buoy main body and arranging an anchorage weight; ranging and positioning, and recording related information; and finishing the laying operation. The ice breaker reaches a laying point, an accurate topography and an actual water depth of the laying point of the submerged buoy are obtained by using a shipborne multi-beam system, the final laying point position is determined, because the water depth possibly has a small error with historical data, the length of the uppermost cable of the submerged buoy is determined according to the accurate water depth, and the length of the uppermost cable is adjusted by tying a telescopic knot through the cable; and (3) carrying out full-water depth profile observation at a distribution point by utilizing the shipborne CTD, wherein the acquired data are used for data comparison and correction after submerged buoy recovery. The invention realizes safe and reliable arrangement of the anchor submerged buoy and ensures normal operation of the anchor submerged buoy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of marine environment detection, and particularly relates to a polar region anchorage submerged buoy laying system, a polar region anchorage submerged buoy laying method, a polar region anchorage submerged buoy laying storage medium and a polar region anchorage submerged buoy laying computer.
Background
At present, along with the development of science and technology and the progress of observation technology, the scientific cognition of people on the north and south is continuous and deep, and the change of a part of the ocean environment in the north and south can be described and predicted, but the explanation of the change of the north and south and the influence thereof such as global warming, polar ice ablation and the like is required to be studied and explored more deeply. The polar core science problem is used as the current international hot spot research, and all the on-site long-term fixed-point marine element observation data support is needed. The polar region anchor submerged buoy has good concealment, stability and safety, is irreplaceable by other observation equipment, is also an important component part of an underwater marine environment monitoring system, but the marine environment is changeable, the submerged buoy structure is complex, especially the polar region ice region environment is more severe, the arrangement of the submerged buoy system is influenced by a plurality of factors such as weather conditions, ship conditions, deep water environment, geological topography and the like, various emergency situations and problems often occur, the submerged buoy system is caused to fail, the acquisition of valuable polar region observation data is directly influenced, and therefore, the problem that needs to be solved at present is how to realize the safe and reliable arrangement of the anchor submerged buoy in the polar environment and ensure the normal operation of the anchor submerged buoy.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects existing in the prior art are as follows: in the prior art, the anchorage submerged buoy cannot be safely and efficiently distributed in the polar environment, and the reliable operation of the instrument is affected.
The difficulty of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: the method has the advantages that the polar environment is special, the arrangement of the submerged buoy is one of the most difficult scientific investigation operations on the scientific investigation ship due to the influence of high wind and high wave conditions and particularly ice conditions, the submerged buoy is mainly long in length, numerous in-situ instruments are mounted, the marine environment is bad, the performance of each instrument is ensured to be normal, the influence of multiple factors such as strength, internal stress of cables, torque and vibration is required to be considered, and the arrangement of the submerged buoy is a complex systematic engineering. The meaning of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: the method ensures that the submerged buoy runs safely and reliably in the polar environment, acquires high-quality polar marine environment data, improves the recovery rate of the submerged buoy, reduces risks, improves economy, and provides support for solving polar science problems, channel development and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a polar region anchorage submerged buoy laying system, a polar region anchorage submerged buoy laying method, a polar region anchorage submerged buoy laying storage medium and a polar region anchorage submerged buoy laying computer.
The invention discloses a polar anchor submerged buoy laying method, which comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a polar submerged buoy before laying; when the ship is saved, checking for omission;
secondly, the icebreaker reaches a distribution point, the water depth of the terrain is measured, and personnel are in position; verifying the laying environment conditions to ensure that laying points are suitable for laying the submerged buoy;
thirdly, observing CTD of the full water depth and the full section; the comparison and correction instrument obtains data, so that the data quality is ensured;
step four, arranging a submerged buoy main body and arranging an anchorage weight; the safety of the laying operation is improved;
fifthly, ranging and positioning, and recording related information; and finishing the laying operation. The acoustic releaser and the submerged buoy are ensured to work normally, the accurate position of the submerged buoy is obtained, accurate position information is provided for submerged buoy recovery, and time is saved.
Further, in the first step, the preparation before the polar submerged buoy is laid specifically includes:
determining a rough layout sea area according to the function of the submerged buoy and the layout purpose, preliminarily determining the layout point position according to historical data such as local water depth, ice condition, topography, landform, geology and the like, and making a submerged buoy layout scheme; calibration and test of the instrument and the acoustic releaser are finished in advance, and the battery is replaced to finish the setting of the instrument; checking that the state of each instrument carried by the submerged buoy is normal, and checking that the state of the acoustic releaser is normal;
collecting sea conditions and meteorological data of the submerged buoy laying position in advance, predicting sea conditions and meteorological information, and primarily determining laying time;
cleaning a deck working surface, including deicing work, and leaving enough laying operation space; the method comprises the steps of completing the assembly work of a polar region submerged buoy, wherein the assembly work comprises connection and fixation of a floating ball, an instrument and a cable, the floating ball is fixed at a corresponding position of the cable through a floating ball clamping plate and a screw according to the submerged buoy design scheme, the instrument is fixed on the cable through a special clamp or is arranged in an instrument frame to be connected with the cable, all the sections of cables are connected through shackles, the cable at the bottommost part of the submerged buoy is connected with an acoustic releaser, the bottom of the acoustic releaser is connected with an anchor chain, the bottom of the anchor chain is connected with a weight through shackles, and protection knots are added at all the connection parts;
the submerged buoy can be subjected to corrosion prevention and biological adhesion treatment, including spraying anti-corrosion paint, winding by waterproof glue, and adding an insulating material sheath or zinc block at a position which is easy to cause electrochemical corrosion; checking connection among rope heads of the submerged buoy, checking connection between each instrument and a cable, checking whether a protection rope knot is firm and reasonable, and checking whether a releaser is reset; checking that the working states of shipborne equipment such as a winch, a pi frame, a crane, a cable winch and the like are normal; each bundle of mooring ropes is tied into a splayed knot and fixed by a tying rope, so that time is saved when the mooring ropes are laid conveniently; and (3) sequentially placing the floating ball, the instrument, the bundled mooring rope, the releaser and the weight in order on the working surface of the stern deck according to the structural sequence of the submerged buoy, wherein the forefront end of the submerged buoy is close to the shipside of the stern deck, and the weight is moved to the shipside of the stern deck by a crane in advance and fixed, so that the preparation before deployment is completed.
Further, the on-site ice condition judgment is mainly based on the satellite inversion ice density map within 14 days and the SAR satellite real-time ice shooting map to obtain information, and historical ice conditions and on-board ice radar measured data are combined for analysis and prediction.
Further, the local water depth, the topography and topography information is mainly obtained according to sea chart, history actual measurement data, shipborne depth sounder and multi-beam field observation;
the submerged buoy body adopts a high-strength Dinima fiber rope or a Kevlar fiber rope as a mooring rope, and a stainless steel or galvanized alloy anchor chain is connected with the bottom of the submerged buoy body and the heavy block;
the top end of the submerged buoy is generally provided with a floating rope of 20-30 m, the floating rope is made of a high-strength fiber rope lighter than water, 10 foam small floating balls with the diameter of 20cm are arranged on the floating rope, and the submerged buoy is convenient to salvage during later submerged buoy recovery.
Further, in the second step, the icebreaker reaches the laying point, the accurate topography and actual water depth of the laying point of the submerged buoy are obtained by utilizing multiple beams, the final position of the laying point is determined, because the water depth may have a small error with the historical data, the length of the uppermost cable of the submerged buoy is determined according to the accurate water depth, and the length of the uppermost cable is adjusted by replacing cables or cable knots with proper lengths;
and (3) carrying out full-water depth full-section observation at a laying point by utilizing a ship-borne CTD (CTD) or carrying out main water depth section observation by adopting a disposable observation mode (XCTD), wherein the obtained data are used for data comparison and correction after submerged buoy recovery.
Further, in the fourth step, the submerged buoy main body is laid, and the concrete process of laying the anchor weight is as follows:
according to the total length of the polar region submerged buoy cable and the investigation on site meteorological conditions, mainly wind and ocean currents, the top wind of the icebreaker opens to a position where the distance between the top wind and the upstream of the submerged buoy deployment point is approximately equal to the depth of the submerged buoy point, and deployment is started at 1-2 knots of navigational speed;
firstly, arranging floating balls, cables and instruments at the uppermost end of a submerged buoy, and fixedly controlling the arranging speed of a follow-up cable around a bollard or a claw; before the large-scale instrument is deployed, the ship speed is reduced or the ship is stopped, a cable at the rear end is fixed at a claw, a crane or winch is connected with a release hook through a shackle, the release hook is connected with the instrument through a hanging belt, the crane or winch is started to lift the instrument from a stern deck to the sea surface, meanwhile, the instrument uses a stop rope to prevent the swing amplitude from being overlarge, the release hook is rapidly opened close to the sea surface, the stop rope is pumped back, and the instrument enters water;
when the floating ball is laid, the gap of the floating ball clamping plate passes through the auxiliary release rope, one end of the auxiliary release rope is fixed on the stern deck ground bell, the other end of the auxiliary release rope is pulled by manpower, the floating ball is moved to the ship side of the stern deck, the auxiliary rope is slowly loosened to enable the floating ball to slowly descend along the ship side, and the auxiliary rope is rapidly pulled back when approaching the water surface;
the laying sequence is that laying is started from the top according to the structure and the connection sequence of the submerged buoy, then the main structures of the submerged buoy such as the floating ball, the mooring rope and the instrument are laid, and finally the tail weight of the submerged buoy is laid;
the weight is arranged similarly to the large instrument, and comprises hoisting, swinging stopping, releasing a release hook and water entering, wherein the front end of the weight is connected with an anchor chain, the upper end of the anchor chain is connected with a releaser through a shackle and a circular ring, the upper end of the releaser is connected with a rope head of a cable, a floating ball at the upper end of the releaser is connected with the cable through a floating ball clamping plate, a crane and a winch are required to be matched to hoist the weight and the releaser simultaneously during hoisting, the weight is moved out of a stern deck to the sea surface, the floating ball is placed into water along a stern deck roller by using a traction rope, the traction rope is pulled back, the ship speed is controlled to make the cable slightly forceful, the release hook on the winch is opened, the releaser enters water, then the anchor chain enters water, after the anchor chain is completely entered into water, the weight is pulled back to the stop swinging rope, the release hook on the crane is rapidly opened, and the weight enters water; recording the water entering time and longitude and latitude information of the weight, and after the weight is sunk, using a deck unit to measure the distance and record the acoustic releaser.
Further, in the fifth step, the specific process of ranging and positioning and recording the related information is as follows:
closing the ship-borne acoustic equipment, and performing ranging to three points which are about 1 sea away from the pouring point of the weight, completing three-point positioning, determining the position of the submerged buoy, wherein the three points in the three-point positioning are not on the same straight line, the distance between each point and the pouring point of the weight is about 1 sea, and the included angle between the connecting line of each point and the pouring point of the weight is about 120 degrees; the deck unit is operated to enable the releaser to enter a dormant state, and submerged buoy laying is completed; observing the running state of the submerged buoy, if the acoustic releaser does not respond or the submerged buoy emerges from the water surface, recovering the submerged buoy and checking, and entering a re-laying program;
under the condition of ice, the floating ice near the submerged buoy point is crushed by utilizing the ice breaking capacity of the icebreaker, and the ice is stirred by utilizing the strong maneuverability of the icebreaker, so that the device is suitable for distributing the polar shallow submerged buoy when the ice layer is thinner and the ice concentration is lower, and replacing the non-ice sea area or waiting for a non-ice window when the polar deep submerged buoy is arranged.
The invention further aims to provide a polar anchor submerged buoy laying system for implementing the polar anchor submerged buoy laying method, wherein the polar anchor submerged buoy laying system is provided with a stern deck working surface;
a winch is arranged on the upper side of the working surface of the stern deck and is connected with a pulley on the pi frame through a steel wire rope;
the left side of the stern deck working surface is provided with a folding arm crane, the right side of the stern deck working surface is fixed with a weight, the weight is connected with an acoustic releaser through a stainless steel anchor chain, the acoustic releaser is connected with a floating ball through a cable, and the upper side of the cable is provided with a temperature and salt depth instrument;
the right side of the stern deck working surface is provided with a claw, a ground bell, a bollard and a large crane.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a storage medium for receiving user input, the stored computer program causing an electronic device to execute the polar region anchor submerged buoy laying method comprising the steps of:
step one, preparing a polar submerged buoy before laying;
secondly, the icebreaker reaches a distribution point, the water depth of the terrain is measured, and personnel are in position;
thirdly, observing CTD of the full water depth and the full section;
step four, arranging a submerged buoy main body and arranging an anchorage weight;
fifthly, ranging and positioning, and recording related information; and finishing the laying operation.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a computer program product stored on a computer readable medium, comprising a computer readable program, for providing a user input interface for implementing the polar anchor submerged buoy deployment method when executed on an electronic device.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the invention discloses a laying system, comprising: icebreaker, shipborne crane, winch, pi frame, sling, rope-stopping and auxiliary releasing rope, etc. The laying method comprises the following steps: preliminarily determining the position of a submerged buoy laying point according to historical data such as ice conditions, terrains, water depths and the like of the polar regions; completing instrument calibration and test, acoustic releaser test, instrument replacement and releaser battery replacement, and checking that the working state is normal; completing sea condition and meteorological information collection and prediction of the submerged buoy laying points; cleaning a deck working surface, checking that the working state of a winch and other laying systems is normal, and assembling the submerged buoy according to a submerged buoy structure diagram; and (5) completing the preparation of the submerged buoy before laying. The icebreaker reaches a laying point, the local accurate water depth and the topography are measured, the position of the laying point is determined, and the personnel are in place. And (5) carrying out CTD profile observation of the submerged buoy laying point full water depth. The submerged buoy main body is distributed from the top end of the submerged buoy section by section. And finally, arranging anchorage weights. And (3) performing three-point distance measurement and positioning, determining the accurate position of the latent standard, and recording related information. And the releaser is dormant, the running state of the submerged buoy is checked, and the laying operation is completed. In the polar environment, the anchorage submerged buoy is safely and reliably arranged and is ensured to normally and stably run for a long time.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a polar region anchorage submerged buoy laying system provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for arranging a polar region anchor submerged buoy according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a layout flow chart provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of a polar region submerged buoy according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a winch; 2. folding arm hanging; 3. a container; 4. pi frame; 5. a pulley; 6. a salt temperature depth meter; 7. a floating ball; 8. sheep horn; 9. a ground bell; 10. bollards; 11. stainless steel anchor chain; 12. a weight block; 13. a large crane; 14. a stern deck working surface; 15. an acoustic releaser; 16. a cable.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a polar region anchorage submerged buoy laying system, a polar region anchorage submerged buoy laying method, a polar region anchorage submerged buoy laying storage medium and a polar region anchorage submerged buoy laying computer, and the polar region anchorage submerged buoy laying system is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Other steps may be implemented by those skilled in the art of polar region anchor submerged buoy deployment systems, methods, storage media, and computer provided by the present invention, and the polar region anchor submerged buoy deployment system, method, storage media, and computer provided by the present invention in fig. 1 are only one specific embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1, in the polar region anchorage submerged buoy laying system provided by the embodiment of the invention, a winch 1 is arranged on the upper side of a stern deck working surface 14, the winch 1 is connected with a pulley 5 on a pi frame 4 through a steel wire rope, and a folding arm crane 2 and a container 3 are arranged on the left side of the stern deck working surface 14; the right side of the stern deck working surface 14 is provided with a weight 12, the weight 12 is connected with an acoustic releaser 15 through a stainless steel anchor chain 11, the acoustic releaser 15 is connected with the floating ball 7 through a cable 16, and the cable 16 is provided with a thermal salt depth instrument 6; the right side of the stern deck working surface 14 is provided with a sheep horn 8, a ground bell 9, a bollard 10 and a big crane 13.
As shown in fig. 2, the method for laying the polar region anchor submerged buoy provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101: preparation of the polar submerged buoy before deployment.
S102: the icebreaker reaches a distribution point, the water depth of the terrain is measured, and the personnel are in place.
S103: CTD observation of full water depth and full profile.
S104: the submerged buoy main body is arranged, and the anchorage weight is arranged.
S105: ranging and positioning, and recording related information; and finishing the laying operation.
In S101 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, preparation before laying the polar submerged buoy specifically includes:
determining a rough deployment sea area according to the submerged buoy function and the deployment purpose, and preliminarily determining the position (longitude and latitude) of a deployment point according to historical data such as local water depth, ice condition, topography, landform, geology and the like; and (5) making a submerged buoy laying scheme. Calibration and test of the instrument and the acoustic releaser are finished in advance, and the battery is replaced to finish the setting of the instrument; checking that the state of each instrument carried by the submerged buoy is normal, and checking that the state of the acoustic releaser is normal;
collecting sea conditions and meteorological data of the submerged buoy laying position in advance, predicting sea conditions and meteorological information, and primarily determining laying time; cleaning a deck working surface, including deicing work, and leaving enough laying operation space; the method comprises the steps of completing the assembly work of a polar region submerged buoy, wherein the assembly work comprises connection and fixation of a floating ball, an instrument and a cable, the floating ball is fixed at a corresponding position of the cable through a floating ball clamping plate and a screw according to the submerged buoy design scheme, the instrument is fixed on the cable through a special clamp or is arranged in an instrument frame to be connected with the cable, all the sections of cables are connected through shackles, the cable at the bottommost part of the submerged buoy is connected with an acoustic releaser, the bottom of the acoustic releaser is connected with an anchor chain, the bottom of the anchor chain is connected with a weight through shackles, and protection knots are added at all the connection parts;
the submerged buoy can be subjected to corrosion prevention and biological adhesion treatment, including spraying anti-corrosion paint on a metal structural member or winding and wrapping by using a waterproof adhesive tape, and adding an insulating material sheath or zinc block and the like at a position which is easy to cause electrochemical corrosion. Checking connection among rope heads of the submerged buoy, checking connection of each instrument and a cable, checking whether a protection rope knot is firm and reasonable, and checking whether a releaser is reset. And checking the normal working state of shipborne equipment such as a winch, a pi frame, a crane, a cable winch and the like. Each bundle of ropes is tied into a splayed knot and fixed by tying ropes, so that the time is saved when the ropes are laid conveniently. And (3) sequentially placing the floating ball, the instrument, the bundled mooring rope, the releaser and the weight in order on the working surface of the stern deck according to the structural sequence of the submerged buoy, wherein the forefront end of the submerged buoy is close to the shipside of the stern deck, and the weight is moved to the shipside of the stern deck by a crane in advance and fixed, so that the preparation before deployment is completed.
The on-site ice condition judgment is mainly based on the satellite inversion ice density map within 14 days and the SAR satellite real-time ice shooting map to obtain information, and the historical ice condition and the on-board ice radar measured data are combined for analysis and prediction.
The information of local water depth, topography, and the like is mainly obtained according to the on-site observation of sea charts, historical actual measurement data, shipborne depth sounders and multi-beam systems.
The submerged buoy body adopts a high-strength Dinima fiber rope or a Kevlar fiber rope as a mooring rope, and a stainless steel or galvanized alloy anchor chain is connected with the bottom of the submerged buoy body and the heavy block.
The top end of the submerged buoy is generally provided with a floating rope of 20-30 m, the floating rope is made of a high-strength fiber rope lighter than water, and 10 foam small floating balls with the diameter of 20cm are arranged on the floating rope, so that the submerged buoy is convenient to salvage in later-stage submerged buoy recovery.
In S102 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the icebreaker arrives at the laying point, the shipborne multi-beam system is used to obtain the accurate topography and actual water depth of the laying point of the submerged buoy, and the final laying point position is determined, because the water depth may have a small error with the historical data, the length of the uppermost cable of the submerged buoy is determined according to the accurate water depth, and the length of the uppermost cable is adjusted by replacing cables or cable knots with suitable lengths.
In S103 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, full water depth and full section observation is performed at the laying point by using the shipborne CTD, or the section observation of main water depth is performed by using the disposable thermal salt depth meter by using the disposable observation mode, and the obtained data is used for data comparison and correction after submerged buoy recovery.
In S104 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the laying of the submerged buoy main body and the laying of the anchorage weight specifically include:
according to the total length of a cable of a polar region submerged buoy and the investigation on site meteorological conditions (mainly wind and ocean currents), the top wind of an icebreaker opens to a position where the distance between the top wind and the upstream of a submerged buoy laying point is approximately equal to the water depth of the submerged buoy, the laying is started at a speed of 1-2 knots, floating balls, cables and instruments at the uppermost end part of the submerged buoy are firstly laid, and the laying speed of a follow-up cable is fixedly controlled around a cable pile or a claw; before the large-scale instrument is deployed, the ship speed is reduced or the ship is stopped, a cable at the rear end is fixed at a claw, a crane or winch is connected with a release hook through a steel wire rope, a shackle, the release hook is connected with the instrument through a hanging belt, the crane or winch is started, the angle of a telescopic arm or pi frame of the crane is adjusted to lift the instrument from a stern deck to the sea surface, meanwhile, the instrument uses a stop rope to prevent the swing amplitude from being too large, the release hook is rapidly opened close to the sea surface, the stop rope is withdrawn, and the instrument enters water; when the floating ball is laid, the gap of the floating ball clamping plate passes through the auxiliary release rope, one end of the auxiliary release rope is fixed on the stern deck ground bell, the other end of the auxiliary release rope is pulled by manpower, the floating ball is moved to the ship side of the stern deck, the auxiliary rope is slowly loosened to enable the floating ball to slowly descend along the ship side, and the auxiliary rope is rapidly pulled back when approaching the water surface; the laying sequence is that the laying is started from the top according to the structure and the connection sequence of the submerged buoy, then the main body structure of the submerged buoy, the mooring rope, the instrument and the like is laid, and finally the tail weight is laid. The weight block is arranged similarly to the large instrument, and comprises lifting, swinging stopping, releasing hooks for releasing and water entering, wherein the front end of the weight block is connected with an anchor chain, the upper end of the anchor chain is connected with a releaser through a shackle and a circular ring, the upper end of the releaser is connected with a rope head of a cable, a floating ball at the upper end of the releaser is connected with the cable through a floating ball clamping plate, a crane and a winch are required to be matched to lift the weight block and the releaser simultaneously during lifting, the weight block is moved out of a stern deck to the sea surface, the floating ball is placed into water along a stern deck roller by using a traction rope, the traction rope is pulled back, the ship speed is controlled to make the cable slightly forceful, the winch and the pi frame are matched, the releasing hooks on the steel wire rope head are opened, the releaser enters water, then the anchor chain is followed by water entering, after the anchor chain is completely enters water, the weight block is close to the water surface, the swinging rope is withdrawn, and the releasing hooks on the crane hook are rapidly opened, and water entering water. Recording the water entering time and longitude and latitude information of the weight, and after the weight is sunk, using a deck unit to measure the distance and record the acoustic releaser.
The release hook can be a manual release hook and an electric release hook, the manual release hook has simple and stable mechanical structure, low cost and larger lifting hook load, but the operation is slightly complicated, an extension rope is needed to be added on a guy rope during release, and the rope is pulled manually at the stern part to release the lifting hook; the electric release hook is complex in structure, integrates electromagnetic, battery and electric elements, has a large bearing weight range, adopts wireless remote control, does not need ropes, is more convenient to operate, and has higher cost.
The polar region deep water submerged buoy main body is longer cable, this also has decided the cloth time length of submerged buoy, general cable closely twines on the wire roller, in order to improve efficiency and avoid tying knots, generally adopts the mode of untie the cable in advance and making the eight characters knot to arrange the cable, also can adopt automatic cable-laying machine, fix the cable wire roller on the cable-laying machine, start the switch, the motor drives the gear rotation and then drives the wire roller rotation, set up speed is 1m/s, observe cable elasticity degree and adjust the cable-laying speed according to the scene sea condition, can effectively improve the cloth speed of submerged buoy, save the ship time, and avoided manual cable-laying danger under the adverse sea condition.
In S105 provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the specific process of ranging and positioning, and recording related information is:
and closing the ship-borne acoustic equipment, and driving the ship to three points which are about 1 sea away from the pouring point of the weight for ranging, completing three-point positioning, and determining the position of the submerged buoy (the three points in the three-point positioning are not in the same straight line, the distance between each point and the pouring point of the weight is about 1 sea, and the included angle between the connecting line of each point and the pouring point of the weight is about 120 degrees). And operating the deck unit to enable the releaser to enter a dormant state, and finishing the submerged buoy laying. And (5) observing the running state of the submerged buoy, and if the acoustic releaser does not respond or the submerged buoy is out of the water, recovering the submerged buoy and checking, and entering a re-laying program.
Under the condition of ice, the floating ice near the submerged buoy point is crushed by utilizing the ice breaking capacity of the icebreaker, and the ice is stirred by utilizing the strong maneuverability of the icebreaker, so that the device is suitable for arranging the polar shallow submerged buoy when the ice layer is thinner and the ice concentration is lower, and for the polar deep submerged buoy, the device is used for replacing the non-ice sea area to arrange or waiting for a non-ice window.
Table 1 north pole deployment site recording table
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more; the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "front," "rear," "head," "tail," and the like are used as an orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention can be realized in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware. The hardware portion may be implemented using dedicated logic; the software portions may be stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system, such as a microprocessor or special purpose design hardware. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the apparatus and methods described above may be implemented using computer executable instructions and/or embodied in processor control code, such as provided on a carrier medium such as a magnetic disk, CD or DVD-ROM, a programmable memory such as read only memory (firmware), or a data carrier such as an optical or electronic signal carrier. The device of the present invention and its modules may be implemented by hardware circuitry, such as very large scale integrated circuits or gate arrays, semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, etc., or programmable hardware devices such as field programmable gate arrays, programmable logic devices, etc., as well as software executed by various types of processors, or by a combination of the above hardware circuitry and software, such as firmware.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The polar region anchorage submerged buoy laying method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, preparing a polar submerged buoy before laying;
secondly, the icebreaker reaches a distribution point, the water depth of the terrain is measured, and personnel are in position;
thirdly, observing by a warm salt depth instrument CTD with a full water depth and a full section;
step four, arranging a submerged buoy main body and arranging an anchorage weight;
fifthly, ranging and positioning, and recording related information; finishing the laying operation;
in the first step, the preparation before the polar submerged buoy is arranged specifically comprises:
determining a rough layout sea area according to the function of the submerged buoy and the layout purpose, preliminarily determining the layout point position according to the local water depth, ice condition, topography, landform and geological history data, and making a submerged buoy layout scheme; calibration and test of the instrument and the acoustic releaser are finished in advance, and the battery is replaced to finish the setting of the instrument; checking that the state of each instrument carried by the submerged buoy is normal, and checking that the state of the acoustic releaser is normal;
collecting sea conditions and meteorological data of the submerged buoy laying position in advance, predicting sea conditions and meteorological information, and primarily determining laying time;
cleaning a deck working surface, including deicing work, and leaving enough laying operation space; the method comprises the steps of completing the assembly work of a polar region submerged buoy, wherein the assembly work comprises connection and fixation of a floating ball, an instrument and a cable, the floating ball is fixed at a corresponding position of the cable through a floating ball clamping plate and a screw according to a submerged buoy design drawing, the instrument is fixed on the cable through a special clamp or is arranged in an instrument frame and connected with the cable, each section of cable is connected through a shackle, the cable at the bottommost part of the submerged buoy is connected with an acoustic releaser, the bottom of the acoustic releaser is connected with an anchor chain, the bottom of the anchor chain is connected with a weight through the shackle, and a protection knot is added at each connecting part;
the submerged buoy is subjected to corrosion prevention and biological adhesion treatment, including spraying anti-corrosion paint, winding by waterproof glue, and adding an insulating material sheath or zinc block at a position where electrochemical corrosion is easy to occur; checking connection among rope heads of the submerged buoy, checking connection between each instrument and a cable, checking whether a protection rope knot is firm and reasonable, and checking whether a releaser is reset; checking that the working states of shipborne equipment such as a winch, a pi frame, a crane, a cable winch and the like are normal; the mooring ropes are stored and arranged into bundles, and each bundle is tied in a splayed knot and fixed by a tying rope; starting from the top end according to the structural sequence of the submerged buoy, orderly placing the floating ball, the instrument, the bundled mooring rope, the releaser and the weight on the working surface of the stern deck, fixing the weight by using the ground bell and the marine binding band, moving the weight to the shipside of the stern deck by using the crane in advance, and finishing the preparation before deployment;
the local ice condition judgment obtains information according to a satellite inversion ice concentration map within 14 days and a synthetic aperture radar SAR satellite real-time ice shooting map, and combines historical ice conditions and on-board ice radar to measure ice condition analysis and prediction;
the local water depth, the topography and topography information is obtained according to the sea chart, the history actual measurement data, the ship-borne depth finder and the multi-beam system field observation;
the submerged buoy body adopts a high-strength Dinima fiber rope or a Kevlar fiber rope as a mooring rope, and a stainless steel or galvanized alloy anchor chain is connected with the bottom of the submerged buoy body and the heavy block;
the top end of the submerged buoy is generally provided with a floating rope of 20-30 m, the floating rope is made of a high-strength fiber rope lighter than water, 10 foam small floating balls with the diameter of 20cm are arranged on the floating rope, and the submerged buoy is convenient to salvage when being recovered in the later stage.
2. The method for laying the submerged buoy of the polar region anchorage according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the icebreaker reaches a laying point, an accurate topography and actual water depth of the submerged buoy laying point are obtained by using a ship-borne multi-beam system and a depth finder, and the final laying point position is determined; determining the length of the uppermost cable of the submerged buoy according to the local water depth, and adjusting the length of the uppermost cable by replacing a cable with a proper length or tying a telescopic knot of the cable;
and (3) carrying out full water depth full section observation at a laying point by utilizing a ship-borne CTD (computer numerical control) or carrying out section observation by utilizing a disposable thermal salt depth meter (XCTTD), wherein the obtained data are used for data comparison and correction after submerged buoy recovery.
3. The method for arranging the submerged buoy of the polar region anchor as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the submerged buoy main body is arranged, and the concrete process of arranging the anchor weight is as follows:
according to the total length of the polar region submerged buoy cable and the investigation on site meteorological conditions, the top wind of the icebreaker opens to a position where the distance between the top wind and the upstream of the submerged buoy deployment point is approximately equal to the water depth of the submerged buoy point, and deployment is started at a navigation speed of 1-2 knots;
firstly, arranging floating balls, cables and instruments at the uppermost end of a submerged buoy, and fixedly controlling the arranging speed of a follow-up cable around a bollard or a claw; before the large-scale instrument is deployed, the ship speed is reduced or the ship is stopped, a cable at the rear end is fixed at a claw, a crane or winch is connected with a release hook through a shackle, the release hook is connected with the instrument through a hanging belt, the crane or winch is started to lift the instrument from a stern deck to the sea surface, meanwhile, the instrument uses a stop rope to prevent the swing amplitude from being overlarge, the release hook is rapidly opened close to the sea surface, the stop rope is pumped back, and the instrument enters water;
when the floating ball is laid, the gap of the floating ball clamping plate passes through the auxiliary release rope, one end of the auxiliary release rope is fixed on the stern deck ground bell, the other end of the auxiliary release rope is pulled by manpower, the floating ball is moved to the ship side of the stern deck, the auxiliary rope is slowly loosened to enable the floating ball to slowly descend along the ship side, and the auxiliary rope is rapidly pulled back when approaching the water surface;
the laying sequence is that the laying is started from the top according to the structure and the connection sequence of the submerged buoy, then the floating ball, the mooring rope and the instrument submerged buoy main body structure are laid, and finally the tail weight is laid;
the heavy block arrangement and the large instrument arrangement comprise lifting, swinging stopping, releasing a release hook and water entering, wherein the front end of the heavy block is connected with an anchor chain, the upper end of the anchor chain is connected with a releaser through a shackle and a circular ring, the upper end of the releaser is connected with a rope head of a cable, a floating ball at the upper end of the releaser is connected with the cable through a floating ball clamping plate, a crane and a winch are required to be matched to lift the heavy block and the releaser at the same time during lifting, the heavy block is moved out of a stern deck to the sea surface, the floating ball is placed into water along a stern deck roller by using a traction rope, the traction rope is pulled back, the ship speed is controlled to enable the cable to be slightly forfeit, the release hook on the winch is opened, the releaser enters water, the anchor chain enters water subsequently, after the whole anchor chain enters water, the heavy block is close to the water surface, the release hook on the crane is pulled back, and the heavy block enters water rapidly; recording the water entering time and longitude and latitude information of the weight, and after the weight is sunk, using a deck unit to measure the distance and record the acoustic releaser.
4. The method for arranging the polar region anchor submerged buoy according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the specific process of ranging and positioning and recording related information is as follows:
closing the shipborne acoustic equipment, and enabling the icebreaker to travel to three points which are about 1 sea away from the pouring point of the weight for ranging, completing three-point positioning, determining the position of the submerged buoy, wherein the three points in the three-point positioning are not on the same straight line, the distance between each point and the pouring point of the weight is about 1 sea away, and the included angle between the connecting line of each point and the pouring point of the weight is about 120 degrees; the deck unit is operated to enable the releaser to enter a dormant state, and submerged buoy laying is completed; observing the running state of the submerged buoy, if the acoustic releaser does not respond or the submerged buoy emerges from the water surface, recovering the submerged buoy and checking, and entering a re-laying program; recording longitude and latitude of three points and distance information returned by ranging when the state of the submerged buoy is normal;
under the condition of ice, the ice breaking capacity of the icebreaker is utilized to crush floating ice near the submerged buoy point, the strong maneuverability of the icebreaker is utilized to scatter ice in cooperation with the on-site wind flow condition, the situation is suitable for arranging the polar shallow submerged buoy when the floating ice is thinner and the ice concentration is lower, and for the polar deep submerged buoy, the iceless sea area arrangement is replaced or the iceless window is waited.
5. A polar region anchor submerged buoy deployment system for implementing the polar region anchor submerged buoy deployment method of any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the polar region anchor submerged buoy deployment system is provided with:
a stern deck working surface;
a winch is arranged on the upper side of the working surface of the stern deck and is connected with a pulley on the pi frame through a steel wire rope;
the left side of the stern deck working surface is provided with a folding arm crane and a container, the right side of the stern deck working surface is provided with a weight, the weight is connected with an acoustic releaser through an anchor chain, the acoustic releaser is connected with a floating ball through a cable, and a temperature and salt depth instrument is arranged on the cable;
the right side of the stern deck working surface is provided with a claw, a ground bell, a bollard and a large crane;
the working surface of the stern deck is provided with a tool box, a shackle, a stop rope, a traction rope and a handheld GPS.
6. A storage medium for receiving user input, the stored computer program causing an electronic device to execute the polar region anchor submerged buoy deployment method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
step one, preparing a polar submerged buoy before laying;
secondly, the icebreaker reaches a distribution point, the water depth of the terrain is measured, and personnel are in position;
thirdly, observing CTD of the full water depth and the full section;
step four, arranging a submerged buoy main body and arranging an anchorage weight;
fifthly, ranging and positioning, recording related information, and determining the position of the submerged buoy; cleaning the working surface of the stern deck, and resetting tool equipment; and finishing the laying operation.
7. A computer program product stored on a computer readable medium, comprising a computer readable program for, when executed on an electronic device, providing a user input interface to implement the polar anchor submerged label placement method of any one of claims 1-4.
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| CN114348180B (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-11-15 | 中国人民解放军91550部队 | Target drowning radiation acoustic measurement system based on deep and offshore unmanned submerged buoy |
| CN114524050B (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2022-11-18 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | Rope clamping brake suitable for recovering submerged buoy on ship |
| CN114802665B (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2023-03-31 | 深圳市智慧海洋科技有限公司 | Acoustic release control method, acoustic release control device, releaser and computer storage medium |
| CN115465415B (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2023-05-09 | 中国船舶科学研究中心 | Method for transferring marine floating structure through shallow channel |
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| CN107462891B (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2020-12-15 | 自然资源部第三海洋研究所 | Three-point type deep sea submerged buoy positioning method |
| CN109367704B (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-09-13 | 国家***第一海洋研究所 | A kind of deep sea section tight formula anchor system buoy lays method |
| CN109398615B (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2020-09-08 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | Deep sea laying method of sinking block for buoy |
| CN213057414U (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2021-04-27 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | System is put in recovery of inductive coupling vertical section observation system |
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