CN113119379B

CN113119379B - Moire pattern dynamic material and manufacturing method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113119379B
Application number: CN202110544554.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨叶; 王珏
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-05-19
Filing date: 2021-05-19
Publication date: 2022-07-08
Anticipated expiration: 2041-05-19
Also published as: CN113119379A

Abstract

The invention provides a Moire pattern dynamic material and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the Moire pattern dynamic material comprises the following components: the cylindrical lens array comprises a plurality of cylindrical lenses which are sequentially arranged in one dimension, the cylindrical lenses comprise a body part and a protruding part, the body part is rectangular, and the protruding part is arc-shaped; the printing image-text array is positioned on the bottom surface of the cylindrical lens array. The method can show the dynamic effect of the moire patterns only by using a single-layer material, breaks through the limitation that a plurality of layers of materials are required in the traditional design, is easy to obtain manufacturing materials, simple in process flow and low in cost, and provides convenience conditions for wider application prospects in the future.

Description

Moire pattern dynamic material and manufacturing method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to a result of interdisciplinary fusion of optics and artistry, and particularly relates to a Moire pattern dynamic material and a manufacturing method thereof.

Background

"Moire effect" is a phenomenon caused by overlapping of repetitive structures, and can be understood as "interference image generated under overlapping of barrier-like fringes". Typically, "moire patterns" are created by the superposition of two or more layers of linear gratings, creating an interference effect due to the superposition of the gratings, thus exhibiting a wire grid combining effect with a period that is amplified compared to the grating layers. "Moire dynamics" means that our brain can automatically complement an incomplete image by adding line segments due to the visual limitations of the human eye (according to the closed rule of Fottary), so that a broken but dense image is automatically recognized as a whole. Since the intersections of the overlapped linear gratings are dense enough, they are recognized as a continuous and complete image by the naked eye, which also generates a third visible pattern, moire, that changes with changes in the positional relationship of the basic layers or with shifts in the human viewing angle.

At present, Moire patterns are generally applied in the field of physics, have wide application in the fields of strain analysis, metrology, mapping, document anti-counterfeiting and protection, information encryption, information hiding, optical watermarking and the like based on the characteristic that Moire patterns are very sensitive to micro displacement, extrusion and distortion of a basic pattern layer, are mainly prepared by a micro-nano process and have high technical difficulty. On a macroscopic level, the application cases of moire patterns in the art and design fields are extremely limited, and the application cases appearing worldwide are mainly realized by the following two means: firstly, a moire dynamic effect is realized through overlapping of a plurality of layers of wire grids, and secondly, the overlapping layout of the wire grid layers is in a three-dimensional space, so that the moire dynamic effect is presented. The above two modes both need to use the superposition of two or more layers of materials to meet the dynamic condition of the moire fringes, which has great limitation on the requirements of manufacturing, processing and fields, and is also a main reason that the moire fringes are rarely applied in the design field at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application provides a Moire pattern dynamic material and a manufacturing method thereof, the dynamic effect of Moire patterns can be displayed only by using a single-layer material, the limitation that a multi-layer material is required to be used in the traditional design is broken through, the manufacturing material is easy to obtain, the process flow is simple, the cost is low, and the wider application prospect is realized.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a moire dynamic material, including:

the cylindrical lens array comprises a plurality of cylindrical lenses which are sequentially arranged in one dimension, the cylindrical lenses comprise a body part and a protruding part, the body part is rectangular, and the protruding part is arc-shaped; the printing image-text array is positioned on the bottom surface of the cylindrical lens array.

In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for manufacturing a moire dynamic material, comprising:

drawing a cylindrical lens array model; manufacturing a cylindrical lens array mould according to the cylindrical lens array model; utilizing the mold to perform compression molding or injection molding on the material for manufacturing the cylindrical lens to obtain a cylindrical lens array plate; drawing an image-text array; modifying the image-text array parameters on the premise of meeting the preset dynamic effect by taking the cylindrical lens array plate as a reference; pasting a film on the back of the cylindrical lens array plate for test printing, and performing a calibration test; and printing the modified image-text array on the back surface of the cylindrical lens array plate.

The Moire pattern dynamic material and the manufacturing method thereof in the embodiment of the application have the following beneficial effects:

the moire pattern dynamic material of the present application comprises: the cylindrical lens array comprises a plurality of cylindrical lenses which are sequentially arranged, the cylindrical lenses comprise a body part and a protruding part, the body part is rectangular, and the protruding part is arc-shaped; the printing image-text array is positioned on the bottom surface of the cylindrical lens array. The method can show the dynamic effect of the Moire patterns only by using a single-layer material, breaks through the limitation that a plurality of layers of materials are required in the traditional design, has the advantages of easily obtained manufacturing materials, simple process flow and low cost, and can realize wider application prospects.

Drawings

FIG. 1-1 is a schematic perspective view of a moire dynamic material according to the present application;

FIGS. 1-2 are side views of the moire dynamic material of the present application;

FIGS. 1-3 are schematic views of the moire dynamic material imaging scheme of the present application;

FIG. 2-1 is a framework diagram of linear Morel pattern form factor analysis and synthesis study under Design Science strategy;

FIG. 2-2 is a basic wire grid pattern of a linear grid;

2-3 are graphs of different forms of the same control period and thickness and the output of the independent variable as unit radian by using the coordinate axis method;

FIGS. 2-4 are schematic diagrams of the base curves and some combinations of the curves explored by the inventors;

fig. 2-5 are 20 wire grid basis wire grids of loop wire grid drawn by the inventors;

FIGS. 2-6 are major factors affecting the moire generation mechanism;

FIGS. 2-7 show the synthetic mechanism of different types of moire patterns studied by the inventors;

FIG. 2-8 are schematic diagrams of the experimental process of the variation law of moire patterns of the linear grating;

FIG. 2-9-1 is a schematic diagram of a process of a curve grid moire pattern change law experiment;

FIG. 2-9-2 is a schematic diagram of a variation law experimental process of moire patterns of a curved grating;

FIG. 2-10 are schematic diagrams of experimental processes of moire pattern shape change rules of ring-line grating;

FIGS. 2-11 are selections from the summary of 3000+ patterns from the Moire pre-morphism study;

FIG. 3-1 is a schematic diagram of space ratio;

FIG. 3-2 is a schematic diagram of the basic principle of translational change and periodic amplification;

3-3 are schematic diagrams of the basic principle of the rotation variation;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a method for manufacturing a moire dynamic material;

FIG. 5-1 is a schematic diagram of the analysis of the dynamic effect of the moire dynamic material;

FIG. 5-2 is a one-dimensional image of a base layer for a validation experiment;

FIG. 6-1 is a series of substrate curved wire grid patterns designed by the inventors;

FIG. 6-2 is a diagram of simulated moire generation effects with a cylindrical lens placed on a computer display screen;

6-3 show the Moire material sample effect after UV alignment printing;

FIG. 6-4 is a schematic diagram of an image-based moire pattern;

FIG. 6-5 is a schematic diagram of an image-based moire pattern;

6-6 are schematic diagrams of the dynamic effect of the image-type moire pattern;

FIGS. 6-7 are schematic diagrams of a color gradient effect;

FIGS. 6-8 are schematic diagrams of color gradient effect;

FIGS. 6-9 are schematic diagrams showing the gradual change of color mixing.

Detailed Description

The present application is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.

The invention uses four years, and the first two years are dedicated to exploring the scientific principle and form rule behind the regular moire dynamic change from the aesthetic point of view, and the change rule of the regular moire is combed on the basis of visualization so as to control the visual effect and the visual state of the regular moire. The final summary extracted 33 moire generating mechanisms and 3600 moire patterns. On the basis, how to display the dynamic effect of the moire patterns by using a single-layer material is considered, and the limitation of the traditional multi-layer material is broken through, so that the method has a wider application prospect in the future.

The invention finally realizes the innovation of showing the dynamic and three-dimensional effect of the Moire patterns by only using a single-layer material, the Moire dynamic material can be used in various fields such as indoor space walls, partitions, show windows, furniture, lamp decorations, exhibition and the like, the form of the Moire patterns has infinite variation, extremely diversification and extremely inclusive design, and can be suitable for different situations such as families, markets, restaurants, offices and the like. More importantly, the dynamic effect of the moire fringes occurs in the process of interacting with audiences, the human visual perception shortboard and the principle of relative motion are ingeniously utilized, patterns can be dynamically displayed without the participation of any electronic element or any other medium, and the moire fringes can be regarded as special resource-saving interaction, so that commercial innovation can be realized in a sustainable mode, materials in product design are expanded into interactive material experience from single physical existence, material colors, textures and refractive indexes which change under different visual angles are created, the environmental pollution caused by the traditional multilayer color coating is avoided, and brand-new, changeable colors are formed by the combination of cylindrical lenses and color blocks. A new "material expression" is created that is meaningful both visually and functionally. Provides a brand new interaction relation among people, space and objects, and explores the infinite potential of dynamic visual effects.

The invention combines the compression molding technology and the UV printing technology, combines a one-dimensional cylindrical lens array (revealing layer) and an image-text array (basic layer) with specific parameters, and develops the material with the moire dynamic effect. The invention analyzes various visual effects in the moire imaging by combining the experimental results of the moire pattern library in the previous two years. The dynamic effects of the material can be divided into the following three main categories: firstly, the color gradually changes; abstract pattern moving effect; third, it has the moving effect of pictographic (characters and figures). To achieve the dynamic effect, the moire pattern will shift due to the variation of the sampling point with the variation of the viewing angle, in relation to the period, thickness and refractive index of the one-dimensional cylindrical lens array, and the ratio of the periods of the revealing layer and the base layer. The invention carries out comparison test and quantitative analysis on the parameter combination relation of different revealing layers and the base layer, carries out comparative study and formula derivation on the dynamic change effect of the Moire material, and finally obtains the combination parameters of the revealing layers and the base layer with excellent dynamic effect.

As shown in FIG. 2-1, when studying the diversity and variation law of moire patterns of the grating, the Design Science study strategy is essentially a thinking model of 'deconstruction and construction', and the real object is continuously disassembled to form its own minimum unit entity, and inherits the Design principle of simple. For a regular grid moire, the original point of research is a straight grid moire, the visual unit which is disassembled to be the minimum is a straight line segment, and the form change rule of the moire is to be expanded and analyzed, then firstly, the minimum unit which forms the moire, namely the constituent elements and the change types of the unit line segments are to be expanded and analyzed from the aesthetic point of view, and the forms of the unit line segments are summarized into three types: and carrying out analysis on the components of the single-layer wire grid on the basis of the straight line segment, the curve segment and the ring.

After the deconstruction is completed, a construction link is entered, in the design, firstly, a diversified single-layer wire grating (base layer) is obtained according to different element combination modes of three types of wire gratings, and then, the wire gratings are combined through different combination mechanisms (disclosure layers) of the wire gratings (the main considered elements influencing the combination mechanisms include the type of the base layer wire grating, the number of overlapped layers, the change of the base layer or the disclosure layer wire grating, the movement mode of the disclosure layer and the like). Through the research strategies of deconstruction and construction, more than 3000 Moire patterns with different forms are finally output.

As shown in fig. 2-2, the regular-line grid moire patterns are deconstructed, expanded and clustered in the first analysis stage by the research strategy of Design Science, and can be divided into straight-line grid moire patterns, curved-line grid moire patterns and ring-line grid moire patterns. The change factors of the linear grid include Thick Scale (T), distance (D) and Angle (A). Based on these 3 elements, the inventors mapped 8 basic wire grid patterns. The 8 line gratings are respectively an equidistant equal thick parallel line grating HL.1, an equidistant equal thick oblique parallel line grating HL.2, an equidistant equal thick oblique parallel line grating HL.3, a thick and thin gradual parallel line grating HL.4 (from thin to thick), a thick and thin gradual parallel line grating HL.5 (from thick to thin), a density gradual parallel line grating HL.6 (from sparse to dense), a density gradual parallel line grating HL.7 (from dense to sparse) and an oblique straight line grating OL.1 with an inclination angle of 75 degrees.

As shown in fig. 2-3 and 2-4, the control factors of the second type of curved line grid include the unit radian in addition to the arrangement period and thickness of the lines, and the unit radian is controlled by using a coordinate axis method, that is, the ratio of horizontal axis (Horizon Scale) to Vertical axis (Vertical Scale). The inventors screened examples of curves of different forms in which the control period and thickness were the same and the independent variable was output as a unit arc by a coordinate axis method. Since the classification of curves is very broad, such as bezier curves, parabolas, hyperbolas, circular curves, spirals, etc., the shape change can be said to be endless. The current research is only being developed for the basic curved wire grid of partial morphology.

The third type of ring grid has the changing elements of Horizon Scale (HS), Vertical Scale (VS), distance (D), Centre Shape (C) and Thickness Scale (T). Based on this, the inventors drawn 20 basic wire grids as shown in fig. 5.

On the basis of deconstruction, a large number of base layer wire grids with different forms meeting the requirement of moire pattern generation can be obtained, particularly the most various curve grid forms. The process of constructing moire patterns mainly considers the variation of the wire grid of the revealing layer (equal scaling, unequal scaling, mirroring, rotation, etc.) and the position relationship of the base layer and the revealing layer (translation and rotation), and the symbol table as shown in the figure roughly shows the main factors influencing the moire pattern generation mechanism (fig. 2-6) obtained by the present research. The abstraction in FIGS. 2-7 shows the synthetic mechanism of the different types of moire patterns obtained in the current study. Fig. 2-8 through 2-10 select the experimental procedure for three types of wire grids, and fig. 2-11 select over 3000 moire pattern libraries for the final construction.

Basic research of two-dimensional regular type wire grid moire variation rule

Space ratio

As shown in fig. 3-1, in the graph a, b, and c, the duty value of the black portion is represented by T, and a complete cycle is represented by T, the space ratio of the black portion in the graph is T/T, so the black duty ratio in the graph a is 0.25, the graph b is 0.5, and the graph c is 0.75. In the Reflectance (reflectivity) of the graphs a, b and c corresponding to the graphs d, e and f, in the change interval of (0, 1), the closer to 1, the higher the Reflectance is, the larger the corresponding white area of the image is; conversely, the closer to 0, the lower the reflectance, indicating that all the light is absorbed, and the smaller the white area and the larger the black area of the corresponding image, the clearer the moire pattern appears. By analyzing and comparing the three graphs a, b and c and the corresponding reflectivity spectrums d, e and f, the reflectivity corresponding to the positions with the obvious moire fringes is obviously reduced to 0. So when the black lines are too thin, i.e., the space occupation ratio of the black lines is too low, significant moire does not easily occur, as in the a-diagram. Therefore, the space occupation ratio of the black color line must be taken into consideration during the design. Experimental research shows that the effect is obvious when the space occupation ratio of the black color line is 0.5-0.75. (when the black color line is replaced by another color line, the reflectivity of the place where the moire pattern appears is also remarkably reduced along with the reduction of the space ratio, and a similar rule is shown.)

Fundamental principle of translation change and periodic amplification

Through a large number of experiments, when a certain type of wire grids can be reconstructed into the repetition of a single wire, the thickness and the angle of wire grid layers which are mutually overlapped are controlled to be completely the same, the independent variable is only the period, at the moment, parallel overlapping is carried out, new periodic moire patterns can appear, and the period of the moire patterns is the least common multiple of the periods of two wire grids which are mutually overlapped (a plurality of moire patterns can appear in one period). As shown in fig. 3-2, λ 1 ═ 1mm, λ 2 ═ 1.1mm, λ new ═ 11mm, and λ sum ═ LCM (1,1.1) ═ 11 mm. Similar laws are exhibited when straight line segments are replaced with curved segments.

As shown in fig. 3-3, after determining the thickness and the period of the linear grid layer, the inventor performs parallel superposition of two layers of wire grids with an included angle theta, so that clear moire can be generated only when theta is taken within a range of (0 degrees and 45 degrees), and the angle for generating moire is (180 degrees-theta)/2. The change rule conclusion of the linear grating can be popularized to a curve grating. In the curved grid, the single direction in which moire is generated is the tangential direction of the curve at the point, and the overall trend is the direction of the connecting line of the intersections of the curves.

As shown in FIGS. 1-1 to 1-3, the moire dynamic material of the present application comprises: the cylindrical lens array 4 comprises a plurality of one-dimensional cylindrical lenses which are sequentially arranged, the cylindrical lenses comprise a body part 2 and a protruding part 1, the body part 2 is rectangular, and the protruding part 1 is arc-shaped; the printing image-text array 3 is positioned on the bottom surface of the cylindrical lens array 4. Fig. a is an imaging principle diagram of the structure, and fig. b is an exploded view of the structure. The related controllable parameters mainly comprise sag s of the cylindrical lens, the sag s refers to the vertical height of the vertex A of the cylindrical lens from the horizontal plane of the bottom end of the cylindrical lens, the thickness d refers to the thickness of the cylindrical lens, the period T of the cylindrical lens and the period T of the printed image-text array.

As shown in fig. 4, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is selected as the raw material in the whole process for the following reasons: compared with other transparent materials, PMMA has incomparable high permeability, chemical stability and weather resistance, has strong toughness, is not easy to damage, has strong repairability, is easy to clean (the soft foam dipped toothpaste can be cleaned for a new thing), has long durability, has simple process, low production cost, easy processing, easy dyeing and high production efficiency, can be recycled in batch, and can not cause environmental pollution.

The main processes of the whole process are PMMA compression molding and double-sided alignment UV printing. Wherein, compression molding is mainly divided into 3 stages. Stage 1, a quantity of PMMA is loaded into the cavity of the lower mold. The pre-formed material needs to be subjected to high temperatures of about 100 ℃ in a heating chamber prior to loading to shorten the production process cycle and improve the quality of the molding. And 2, gradually entering the cavity of the mold by the upper half mold and keeping the upper half mold stable. Ensuring a uniform distribution of material throughout the mould cavity. The material plasticizes at about 115 ℃ and solidifies at 150 ℃, which takes about 2 minutes. And 3, separating the two half moulds of the mould in sequence, and ejecting the finished product from the lower mould by using an ejector rod. After demolding, post-treatment is needed, the post-treatment of the plastic part mainly refers to annealing treatment, and the post-treatment mainly has the effects of eliminating internal stress, improving the stability of the size of the plastic part and reducing the deformation and cracking of the plastic part. Compression molding has the advantages of low production cost and no raw material waste.

In this application, to make the material injection moulding of cylindrical lens, include: and (3) filling: on the premise of ensuring the drying, the polymer particles are sent into a hopper, and color masterbatch is added, wherein the dilution ratio is 0.5-5%; adding the materials into the charging barrel, pushing the materials into the charging barrel for heating through the rotation pushing action of the worm, mixing the materials and moving the materials to the top end of the mold; and (3) keeping a certain pressure on the molten polymer, injecting the molten polymer into the die cavity, and finishing the solidification reaction of the polymer according to different part sizes within a certain time for 30-60 seconds under the determined pressure condition. And (3) pressure maintaining stage: the post-injection clamping pressure is maintained, and the pressure maintaining process is used for preventing the part from warping and shrinking after being ejected. And (3) a cooling stage: the stage accounts for 70% -80% of the whole injection molding stage, the heat entering the mold from the melt is mainly dissipated in two parts, 5% of one part is transferred to the atmosphere through radiation and convection, and the rest 95% is transferred to the mold from the melt. The plastic product is in the mould, and due to the action of the cooling water pipe, heat is transferred to the cooling water pipe from the plastic in the mould cavity through the mould frame through heat conduction, and then is taken away by cooling liquid through heat convection. A small amount of heat which is not taken away by the cooling water is continuously conducted in the mold and is scattered in the air after contacting the outside. And (3) demolding: to eject the part, the mold is separated, the core is collapsed and force is applied by the ejector pins to separate the part from the mold surface. The parts are dispensed by an automated arm onto a conveyor or placed on containers.

The following table shows the material of the lenticular lens and the corresponding manufacturing process, for example, when the material of the lenticular lens is PE (polyethylene), the corresponding manufacturing process is hot pressing/injection molding and printing, when the material of the lenticular lens is PC (polycarbonate), the corresponding manufacturing process is hot pressing/injection molding and printing, and when the material of the lenticular lens is PVC (polyvinyl chloride), the corresponding manufacturing process is hot pressing/injection molding and printing.

Because the acrylic column lens plates with different periods and thicknesses are combined with the image-text array, the imaging effect and the dynamic effect are different. So made the same sag (2mm) through compression molding process, the ya keli lens board of different thickness and cycle is: cylindrical lens plates with a period of 2mm, thicknesses of 2mm, 3mm and 5 mm; cylindrical lens plates with a period of 4mm and thicknesses of 2mm, 3mm, 5mm, 7.5mm and 10 mm; and cylindrical lens plates with a period of 7.5mm and thicknesses of 3mm, 5mm and 7.5 mm. A large number of experiments prove that the cylindrical lens acrylic plate with the period of 4mm and the thickness of 5-10 mm is suitable to be used as the revealing layer. On the basis, a cylindrical lens acrylic plate with the period of 4mm and the thickness of 5mm is selected to carry out comparison experiments on the forms and the colors of the generated patterns one by one. And (4) screening out an ideal size combination of the dynamic effect result through experiments, and entering a formal UV printing stage. The most important thing in this process is the alignment calibration film pasting experiment in the early stage of formal printing, i.e. before formal printing, film pasting test printing must be performed on the back of the cylindrical lens acrylic plate, so as to ensure accurate alignment of the image-text array of the base layer and the revealing layer, and to present perfect dynamic image-text form and effect.

As shown in fig. 5-1, in the dynamic effect measurement experiment, the experimental method adopted is as follows: the binocular continuously stares at a certain fixed point and takes the fixed point as a reference point, then the head is moved in parallel at a constant speed, at the moment, the Moire patterns also generate a moving visual effect, the moving distance of the Moire patterns is measured, and therefore the moving speed of the Moire patterns is calculated, and the dynamic effect is analyzed.

In fig. 5-1, let the period of the revealing layer one-dimensional lenticular lens array be T, the base layer image-text array be T, the total height of the lenticular lens be d (sum of sag and thickness), and the vertical height of the lenticular lens from the horizontal line where the human eye is located be h. eye refers to the position of the human eye at the beginning of the test, and at this time, according to the properties of the visual optical system, the human eye can be known to form an opening angle to the image, that is, all images in a certain distance can be observed. At this time, the light path between the human eyes and the reference point is the light path diagram marked by green in the diagram, and the selected reference point is the green point A. When the green light path contacts the upper surface of the cylindrical lens, refraction occurs, and when the exit angle is theta 1 and the incident angle is theta 1', the green light path has the following refraction law:

n1 (θ 1) ═ n2 (θ 1'), where n1 and n2 are refractive indexes of air and acrylic one-dimensional column lens array, respectively, n1 is 1 and n2 is 1.49. The eye is then moved parallel x1 to eye' position, where the exit angle is set to θ 2 and the incident angle is set to θ ₂', root of Chinese characterIf the point of interest is red point B, the distance x2 between A and B can be expressed as: x2 ═ d × tan (θ)₁)*(θ₂’-θ₁') while the distance x1 traveled by the human eye can be expressed as: x1 ═ h tan (θ)₁)*(θ₂-θ₁). In the case of the control variable, assuming that the human eye is at a distance of photopic vision, only the thickness d of the acrylic plate is changed, and other conditions are not changed, such as: X1/X2 is proportional to 1/d, i.e., the distance that a human eye moves will decrease as the thickness d of the acrylic sheet increases when the moire pattern moves over the same distance relative to each other. Interpreted in terms of visual effects, i.e. "the thicker the thickness, the more apparent the visual effect, the faster the image appears to move".

It should be noted that the above formula derivation is limited to the case of "first order moire". The term "first order moire" refers to a case where the base layer pattern period T is shorter than or close to the revealing layer cylinder period T. When the base layer pattern period T is close to twice or more than the period T of the revealing layer cylindrical lens, the generated moire is called "high-order moire", and can be roughly interpreted from an optical angle as a pattern with two or more cylindrical lenses corresponding to one period.

Verification of dynamic effect formula and derivation of excellent dynamic effect: based on the above derived formula, the inventors developed a verification experiment. The acrylic column lens plate is kept static, the time required by human eyes for observing the generated Moire pattern to move for 5mm is recorded under the condition of keeping the same displacement speed, the longer the time is, the slower the movement effect is, and the faster the movement effect is. Here, 7 sets of experiments were performed, each set controlling the period of the base layer one-dimensional image array to be the same (see FIGS. 5-2: 1 mm-8 mm) and the sag of the lenticular lens to be the same, each 2 mm. (vertical height of vertical finger surface)

Meanwhile, acrylic stripe plates with the comparison period of 2mm and the thicknesses of 2mm, 3mm and 5mm are used; acrylic streak plates with the period of 4mm, the thickness of 2mm, 3mm, 5mm, 7.5mm and 10 mm; and the imaging effect of acrylic stripe plates with a period of 7.5mm and thicknesses of 3mm, 5mm and 7.5mm on moire and the motion effect observed by human eyes. The data from the table obtained from the experiment are recorded as follows:

parameters (sag of the cylindrical lenses selected below are equal and all 2 mm): image array period: t/mm; acrylic post lens array period: t/mm; ③ thickness of the cylindrical lens: d/mm; generating a new period of the image: tnew/mm; dynamic Effect (Motion Effect), that is, the time for human eyes to observe the image displacement with a fixed period of 5mm under the condition of keeping the same Motion rate: ME/s.

And (3) analysis:

ME tends to decrease with increasing d when T is 1, T is 2(T < T) or 4(T < T); when T is 7.5, no obvious moire is generated; ME tends to decrease with increasing d when T is 2, T is 2(T is T) or 4(T < T); when T is 7.5, no obvious moire is generated; ME tends to decrease with increasing d when T is 3, T is 2(T is 1.5T) or 4(T < T); when T is 7.5, no obvious moire is generated; when T is 4, T is 2(T is 2T), ME first tends to decrease to no obvious moire generation with increasing d; ME is decreasing at 4(T ═ T); when T is 7.5, no obvious moire is generated; when T is 5 and T is 2(T > 2T), ME shows a tendency of falling first and then rising with increasing d; when T is 4(T is 1.25T), ME tends to decrease with an increase in d; when T is 7.5, no obvious moire is generated; when T is 6 and T is 2(T > 2T), ME shows a tendency to fall first and then rise with increasing d; when T is 4(T is 1.5T), ME tends to decrease with an increase in d; when T is 7.5, no obvious moire is generated; when T is 8, T is 2 or 4(T > -2T), ME shows a tendency of falling first and then rising with increasing d; when T is 7.5, no obvious moire is generated;

The experimental conclusion is that: the accuracy of the obtained formula is further verified by 7 groups of dynamic effect experiments. When the base layer pattern period T is less than or close to the revealing layer cylindrical lens period T, that is, when the first-order moire is generated, if other parameters are not changed, the moire effect observed by human eyes is more obvious along with the increase of the cylindrical lens thickness (for example, an orange part in a chart is data according with a formula conclusion); when "high-order moire" is generated (i.e., the base layer pattern period T is nearly twice or more the revealing layer cylinder period T), moire causes edge overlapping, and the visual effect is more complicated, so that there is a possibility that inverse data, i.e., moire visually even has a special effect of moving in the opposite direction, may occur. Regarding the form of the moire patterns, the inventor finds that the variation rule of the first-order moire patterns is obvious, and the imaging is complete and beautiful by comparing the forms of the first-order moire patterns and the high-order moire patterns in experiments; however, the high-order moire pattern has no obvious regularity, the visual form becomes distorted, the edges are overlapped, and even partial pattern loss occurs. Therefore, the pattern design of the moire dynamic material is mainly developed by the generation rule of the 'first order moire' to ensure the stability and the aesthetic property of the final dynamic effect.

Meanwhile, the inventor finds in experiments that due to the imaging property of the cylindrical lens, the moire generated by the novel integrated device designed here is different from the moire generated by the superposition of a common grating pattern, the period of the one-dimensional cylindrical lens array forming the revealing layer needs to meet a certain condition to generate stable and visible moire, and when the sag of the selected one-dimensional cylindrical lens is 2mm, if the period is too large (the period is determined to be too large when the sag exceeds 7.5mm in the experiments), the stable and remarkable moire cannot be observed by human eyes. Through contrast experiments, the inventor thinks that the cylindrical lens acrylic plate with the period of 4mm, the thickness of the cylindrical lens of 5-10 mm and the sag of 2mm has the advantages of stable imaging, clear moire, stable and controllable dynamic effect, suitability for human eye observation and the like, and is suitable to be used as a revealing layer of a moire dynamic material.

Moire material dynamic effect morphology and type analysis: based on the above experimental results, the following dynamic patterns were all searched by using an acrylic rod lens with a sag of 2mm, a period of 4mm, and a thickness of 5mm as a revealing layer, and by changing the form of the base layer pattern, the diversity and richness of the Moire dynamic material were studied.

Abstract pattern dynamic effect: based on the previous 2 years of research on moire patterns of the linear grating, the inventor designs a plurality of image extraction type patterns, and in order to match with the revealing layer of the one-dimensional cylindrical lens array, the designed base layer patterns mainly spread around the straight grating and the curved grating so as to meet the moire generation condition (with approximate curvature). The abstract type pattern is numerous and various and is not exhaustive, and the abstract type water wave pattern is taken as an example to explain the experimental process. Fig. 6-1 shows a series of substrate curved line patterns with similar patterns, but different periods, tilt angles and sizes. Fig. 6-2 is a diagram of the effect of generating simulated moire patterns on the computer display screen by placing a cylindrical lens on the computer display screen based on fig. 6-1. Figures 6-3 show the moir material sample effect after UV alignment printing.

Experiments show that even if the period and the color of the moire patterns with the same shape are changed, different dynamic effects can be presented, the difference between the quality and the weakness is avoided, and the optimal combination can be selected after consideration is given to factors such as target users and environments.

Has the pictographic (character and figure) pattern moving effect: the image type moire pattern dynamic effect is constructed on the basis of the amplification effect principle of parallel superposition of linear gratings, as shown in fig. 6-4, a base layer a is composed of periodically repeated band gratings, and each grating band is composed of longitudinally compressed patterns; the revealing layer b is composed of horizontal parallel straight line grids with equal distance and equal thickness. It must be satisfied that the period of the revealing layer b should be slightly larger or smaller than that of the base layer a, which also uses the closing rule of human eyes, the black grid of the revealing layer covers the base layer a with the same grid distance, and the parts of human eyes which are not covered in the layer a are connected to be identified as a continuous pattern. As shown in fig. 6-5, a certain Chinese character "xi" is randomly selected as a unit object of the image-text array, and then different matching relations between the period of the revealing layer and the period of the base layer are designed to compare the cylindrical lens imaging effect. Experiments 6-5 show that in one moire period, when the number of base layer arrays is 1 more than the number of revealing layer arrays, the effect of binocular facing the image, resulting in a complete image, is exhibited. Based on the conclusion of fig. 6-5, the corresponding parameters are set, and the effect of dynamic expression is presented when the user looks from different visual angles, as shown in fig. 6-6.

The color gradually changes and becomes effective: the color gradient effect of the moire dynamic material is further developed based on the above dynamic effect. Moire patterns will change with the shift of viewing angle, since the shift of viewing angle causes the change of the sampling points of the revealing layer relative to the pattern, which in principle can be understood as a relative displacement. The moire pattern is shown due to the effect of the large number of samples superimposed on the base layer pattern by the revealing layer, and specifically, if the number of revealing layers and the base layer in one moire period is exactly different by one, the corresponding positions of two revealing layers and the base layer in one moire period are not the same. Each adjacent structure is slightly offset in relative position. I.e. the sampling point is constantly moving. In one moire cycle, full sampling of the base layer by the revealing layer is achieved, the result of which is to display an enlarged moire pattern image. If appropriate parameters are selected to blend the two base layer patterns at a color gradient duty cycle, as shown in fig. 6-7, it has been found experimentally that when the number of base layer arrays is 1 more than the number of revealing layer arrays (red boxes) in one moire cycle, the displayed moire pattern color will have the effect of gradient from one color to another with the shift of viewing angle. Fig. 6-8 illustrate the appearance of the fade effect in the red box of fig. 6-7 when the viewing angle is moved from right to left.

Color mixing gradual change effect: as is clear from the above experiment, the moire image displayed for the first-order moire effect is an enlarged blue-coptis junction band. For higher order moir, however, the displayed moir pattern is not. As shown in fig. 6 to 9, through practical tests, the yellow portion of the first blue-coptidis strip of the moire pattern displayed will overlap with the blue portion of the second blue-coptidis strip, thus producing a color mixing effect in vision, and according to the color card of the printed mixed Color (CMYK), the mixed color is an intermediate excess color between blue and yellow, i.e., a green region, and experiments show that the higher the order of moire, the closer the imaging effect is to the mixed color, and the two colors of blue and yellow initially disappear gradually.

The foregoing merely illustrates the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit any of the invention thereto, as modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A moire dynamic material, comprising: the column lens array comprises a plurality of one-dimensional column lenses which are sequentially arranged, and the column lenses comprise a body part and a protruding part, wherein the body part is rectangular, and the protruding part is arc-shaped; the printing image-text array is positioned on the bottom surface of the cylindrical lens array;

The pattern period T of the base layer printing image-text array is less than the cylindrical lens period T;

when the Moire patterns relatively move over the same distance, the moving distance of human eyes is reduced along with the increase of the thickness d of the acrylic plate;

the basic layer printing image-text array is composed of periodically repeated strip-shaped gratings, and each grating strip comprises a longitudinally compressed pattern;

the period of the cylindrical lens is 4mm, the thickness of the cylindrical lens is 5-10mm, and the sag of the cylindrical lens is 2 mm;

the cylindrical lens is made of PMMA, PE, PC, PVC, PS, PU, TPU, TPE or ABS;

the method for manufacturing the moire dynamic material comprises the following steps:

drawing a cylindrical lens array model;

manufacturing a cylindrical lens array mould according to the cylindrical lens array model;

utilizing the mold to perform compression molding or injection molding on the material for manufacturing the cylindrical lens to obtain a cylindrical lens array plate;

drawing a graph-text array;

modifying the image-text array parameters on the premise of meeting the preset dynamic effect by taking the cylindrical lens array plate as a reference;

pasting a film on the back of the cylindrical lens array plate for test printing, and performing a calibration test;

and printing the modified image-text array on the back surface of the cylindrical lens array plate.

2. The moire dynamic material as defined in claim 1, wherein said lenticular lenses are acrylic lenticular lenses.

3. Moire dynamic material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the printed matrix is a UV printed matrix.

4. Moire dynamic material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the thickness of the cylindrical lenses is proportional to the moire effect observed by the human eye.

5. The moire dynamic material as defined in claim 1, wherein the compression molding of the material for making the cylindrical lens comprises:

loading a preset amount of material for making a cylindrical lens into a mold cavity of a lower mold, wherein the prefabricated material needs to be subjected to high temperature of 100 ℃ in a heating chamber before loading;

the upper half part of the mould gradually enters the mould cavity and keeps stable; ensuring that the material is uniformly distributed in the whole die cavity; the material is plasticized at 115 ℃ and solidified at 150 ℃;

two half moulds of the mould are separated in sequence, and a finished product is ejected out of the mould below by an ejector rod;

after demolding, post-treatment is needed, and the post-treatment of the plastic part comprises annealing treatment.

6. The moire dynamic material as defined in claim 1, wherein the material for making the cylindrical lens is injection molded, comprising:

and (3) filling stage: on the premise of ensuring drying, conveying the polymer particles into a hopper, adding color master batch, wherein the dilution ratio is 0.5-5%; adding the materials into a charging barrel, pushing the materials into a heating barrel through the rotary pushing action of a worm, mixing the materials and moving the materials to the top end of a mold; keeping a certain pressure on the molten polymer, injecting the molten polymer into a die cavity, and finishing the solidification reaction of the polymer according to different part sizes within a certain time under the determined pressure condition for 30-60 seconds;

And (3) pressure maintaining stage: maintaining post-injection clamping pressure;

and (3) a cooling stage: the stage accounts for 70-80% of the whole injection molding stage, the heat entering the mold from the melt is dissipated in two parts, 5% of one part is transmitted to the atmosphere through radiation and convection, and the rest 95% is transmitted to the mold from the melt; the plastic product is in the mould, due to the action of the cooling water pipe, heat is transferred to the cooling water pipe from the plastic in the mould cavity through the mould frame through heat conduction, and is taken away by cooling liquid through heat convection; the heat which is not taken away by the cooling water is continuously conducted in the mould and is scattered in the air after contacting the outside;

and (3) demolding: to eject the part, the mold is separated, the core is collapsed and force is applied by the ejector pins to separate the part from the mold surface; the parts are dispensed by an automated arm onto a conveyor or placed on containers.