CN1131191A

CN1131191A - Straw fermentation technique

Info

Publication number: CN1131191A
Application number: CN95102135A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王厚德
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1995-03-10
Filing date: 1995-03-10
Publication date: 1996-09-18

Abstract

The present invention relates to a stalk fermentation technique using stalks as raw material, using specially-selected 13 strains of synchronously growing and mutually non-antagonistic microbes as fermenting strains and adopting aerobic and anaerobic combined mode to make fermentation and making the treated raw material pass through such processes of instantaneous high-temp. sterilizing and drying. The obtained product can be mixed with other feedstock to feed cud chewer, and can raise the digestive absorptivity of the cud chewer and greatly reduce the disease incidence of animal enterogastric diseases.

Description

A kind of novel straw fermentation technique

(1) a kind of novel straw fermentation technique belongs to using microbe technology and feed technology field.(2) prior art and deficiency thereof

Straw (comprising straw, wheat straw, corn stalk, beanstalk, sorghum straw etc.) is the tankage of food crop.Its major part is used for fuel in China rural area, has only a small part as feed, and very backward to the treatment technology of straw.Because straw is relatively drier, makes palatability poor, contains protozoon and parasite to some extent in the straw simultaneously, very easily causes the disease of animal.Scientific research shows already and contains a large amount of Mierocrystalline celluloses useful to animal in the straw, mineral substance and multiple essential trace element, and extremely low through its digestibility of straw of simple process (pulverizings), poor effect is undoubtedly the huge waste to resource.For addressing this problem, generally adopt the straw fermentation process both at home and abroad.Mainly contain two kinds:

1. aerobic fermentation.Promptly utilize mould, yeast, actinomycetes and some other can cellulolytic aerobic bacteria.This fermentation is general only to add water with dried straw.Its shortcoming is mainly: inoculum size is big (about 1 ‰) too; The leavened prod palatability is poor; Crude fiber resolvability is low; Product is easy to corruption.

2. anaerobic fermentation: promptly utilize the lactic acid fungus strain, straw fermented when bacillus cereus was bacterial classification, and the inoculum size of this method is less, and general 1 ton of dried straw connects the 3-10g bacterial classification.But its shortcoming is: crude fiber resolvability is lower; Usually fermentation failure under can not the situation of strict guarantee anaerobic condition.

(3) goal of the invention

In view of all deficiencies of prior art, the present invention will reach following purpose:

1, improve the palatability of straw fermenting feed, reduce the feed crude fiber content significantly, improve the ruminating animal digestibility, and reduce the sickness rate of animal intestine gastropathy.

2, adopt the novel fermentation technology, it is low to reverse China's straw kind crops leftovers utilization ratio, the situation that treatment technology falls behind.

(4) core content of the present invention:

1, with the crops leftovers straw as substratum, utilize elite growth synchronous, 13 strain microorganisms of antagonism are not fermented bacterium mutually, take the aerobic mode that combines with anaerobism to ferment, because aerobic bacteria and anerobe are inserted substratum simultaneously, so after aerobic bacteria has exhausted oxygen in the material space, just prepared condition for the rapid breeding of anerobe naturally.

2, be meant by following five kinds of aerobic microbiologicals and eight kinds of bacterial classification combinations that anaerobion constitutes as the elite microorganism of 13 strains of fermented bacterium:

1. five strain aerobic microbiologicals are respectively:

Intend endomyces (Endomycopsis sp.),

Aspergillus niger (Aspergillus nier),

Wood mould (Trichderma sp.),

Neuraspora crassa (Neurospora crassa),

Streptomyces griseus (Strepomyces griseus).

2. eight strain anaerobions are respectively:

Genus bacillus fungus strain two strains (Bacillus sp1 and Bacillus sp2),

Three strains of lactobacillus fungus strain (Lactobacillus bulgaricus I1, II2,

III3)，

Three strains of bifidus bacillus fungus strain (Bifidoacterlum sp1, Bifidoacterlum

Sp2 and Bifidoacterlum sp3)

3, fermentation is carried out in containers such as special cement pit or cylinder.This pond wall all becomes the angle about 9 ° outwards oblique just with plumbous heavy line.

4, utilization air-flow technology reaches about 5 seconds the tunning instantaneous sterilizing with 150 ± 50 ℃ gas flow temperatures.Carry out drying treatment afterwards.

(5) concrete implementation step of the present invention

1, green grass or young crops is stored up straw or dried straw pulverize and (generally be about 3～8cm).

2, will activate by the bacterium material that elite 13 strain microbial strainss are formed.Be that 2% white sugar bubbly water is gone into 3～5 gram bacterial classifications (deciding on the straw kind) promptly in every 100ml concentration.Temperature is 15～25 ℃ soaked 8 hours, then soaked when temperature is 26～35 ℃ 4 hours.

3 pour activatory bacterium material in the fermentation water into by the inoculum size of straw per ton 3～5 gram bacterial classifications, stir.Adjusting PH is 7.6～8.0.

4, whenever raise in the special cement pit and spread the thick crushed straw of 30cm, spill infected water simultaneously one time.The ratio of straw and infected water is according to straw kind, degree of grinding and do wet situation decision.General culture material is 1: 0.6～1: 1.16 with the ratio of infected water, will be immediately when spraying infected water with the rake raking so that material water is even, simultaneously material is treaded, fill up cement pit and the top layer overarches till (vertex exceeds upper edge, pond 40cm) until material.

5, every square metre of even berley salt powder 250 grams in the top layer of material grow with mould proof.Use the plastics film good seal afterwards.Put thickness on the film and be grass meal or other surrogates about 30cm, outermost layer covers and compacting with mud or wet soil.

6, after fermentation in 20～30 days (deciding), fermented product is taken out (then showing rotten) as blackout on the temperature height.

7, utilization air-flow technology is carried out the TRANSIENT HIGH TEMPERATURE sterilising treatment with 150 ± 50 ℃ gas flow temperature to the back material that ferments and is reached about 5 seconds kinds; Then material is dried or low temperature (below 80 ℃) oven dry.

8, the technological process of production is as follows:

Straw pulverizing → bacterium material activation and admix in the water → whenever spread in cement pit one deck crushed straw is spilt infected water → until filling up cement pit → berley salt powder → plastics film sealing → put in storage with soil covering → fermentation → high-temperature sterilization → drying → quality inspection → packing simultaneously.

(6) the key technical indexes and advantage:

1, technical indicator

1. outward appearance and Oranoleptic indicator: I, the tunning color is yellow to golden yellow; II has wine flavour, and III is soft, and is tack-free, holds agglomeratingly, and that touches promptly looses.

2. physical and chemical index

Its robust fibre degradation rate of I reaches 20%,

II reducing sugar content 〉=30%,

III does not have putrid and deteriorated or smelly phenomenon,

The IV good palatability.

3. microbiological indicator

Bacteria containing amount in the leavened prod dry-eye disease 〉=1,000,000,000/g

2, advantage

1. adopt the aerobic method that combines with anaerobism, leavened prod is more become aspect nutritive equilibrium rationally, also need not carry out aerobic fermentation and anaerobically fermenting respectively artificially simultaneously, thereby make simple to operateization.

2. inoculum size is littler than other fermentation mode: be 3～5g bacterial classification/ton straw.

3. ferment effect is good.In the same time, raw material, under the room temperature condition, this fermentation method can make crude fiber resolvability improve 26%.

4. good palatability.Use this product can make the cattle and sheep food consumption improve 25～35%.

5. owing to overcome the disadvantage of other fermentation method, be fermented into power and reach more than 99% thereby make.

6. the anerobe in the fermented bacterium all is a probiotic bacterium, and they are beneficial to livestock and grow; Can reduce simultaneously the sickness rate of gastrointestinal tract disease significantly.

7. present technique is not only applicable to dried straw fermentation, and is applicable to the fermentation (latter's material per ton only needs 2 gram fermented bacteriums to get final product) of blue or green storage straw.Reference

1, Zhang Xiufen chief editor " forage grass and feed processing and storage ", agriculture press, 1992.

2, animal and veterinary department of The Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, MOA compiles: " straw cowboying important literature compilation ", rural area reading matter press, 1993.

3, Liu Ji owner compiles " fodder industry handbook, Xinhua Press, 1990.

Claims

1, a kind of novel straw fermentation technique is characterized in that with the straw being substratum, utilize elite 13 strains growth synchronously, antagonism not mutually, microorganism is a fermented bacterium, take the aerobic mode that combines with anaerobism to ferment, again tunning is carried out TRANSIENT HIGH TEMPERATURE sterilization and dry.

2, according to the described straw fermentation technique of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the said elite microorganism of 13 strains as fermented bacterium is meant by following five kinds of aerobic microbiologicals and eight kinds of bacterial classification combinations that anaerobion constitutes:

1. five strain aerobic microbiologicals are respectively:

Intend endomyces (Endomycopsis sp.),

Aspergillus niger (Aspergillus nier),

Wood mould (Trichderma sp.),

Neuraspora crassa (Neurospora crassa),

Streptomyces griseus (Strepomyces griseus).

2. eight strain anaerobions are respectively:

Genus bacillus fungus strain two strains (Bacillus sp1 and Bacillus sp2),

Three strains of lactobacillus fungus strain (Lactobacillus bulgaricus I1, II2,

III3)，

Sp2 and Bifidoacterlum sp3).

3, it is characterized in that according to the described straw fermentation technique of claim 1: the said aerobic fermentation mode that combines with anaerobism is meant elite five kinds of aerobic bacterias and eight kinds of anerobes is inoculated in substratum simultaneously, places containers such as special cement pit or cylinder to seal afterwards; After aerobic bacteria exhausts oxygen in the material space, just prepared condition for the rapid breeding of anerobe naturally.

4, according to the described straw fermentation technique of claim 1, it is characterized in that: said TRANSIENT HIGH TEMPERATURE sterilization is meant utilization air-flow technology, with 150 ℃ ± 5 ℃ gas flow temperatures the straw through fermentation is sterilized about 5 seconds.