CN113117268A - Method and device for detecting cavitation effect and ultrasonic treatment equipment - Google Patents
Method and device for detecting cavitation effect and ultrasonic treatment equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present disclosure provides a method for detecting cavitation effects, comprising: for each preset time period, controlling the focusing transducer to emit detection signals to the focus area at a plurality of moments in the preset time period; acquiring echo information received by the focusing transducer in the preset time period, wherein the echo information corresponding to the preset time period comprises echo signals corresponding to the detection signals generated by the reflection of the focus area and corresponding to each time in the preset time period; generating echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in the preset time period according to the echo signal corresponding to each moment in the preset time period; and detecting whether a cavitation effect is generated in the focus area at least according to the echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in the preset time period. The present disclosure also provides a device for detecting cavitation effect and an ultrasonic treatment apparatus.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the disclosure relates to the technical field of ultrasonic therapy, in particular to a method and a device for detecting cavitation effect and ultrasonic therapy equipment.
Background
At present, the High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) therapy technology mainly focuses ultrasonic waves at a very small focal region in a human body to form high intensity continuous ultrasonic energy on tissues (lesion tissues, target tissues) corresponding to the focal region, thereby generating a transient high temperature effect, a cavitation effect, a mechanical effect and a gasification effect, so as to rupture cell membranes and nuclear membranes and solidify proteins, and further selectively enable the tissues of the focal region to undergo coagulative necrosis, so that the tissues of the focal region lose the proliferation, infiltration and transfer capabilities, thereby achieving the therapeutic effect. The high intensity focused ultrasound treatment technology has been clinically recognized as a new technology for treating tumors and other diseases, and is widely applied to the treatment of various tumor and non-tumor diseases in clinic.
The cavitation effect is an important factor affecting the therapeutic outcome under the action of high intensity ultrasound. During treatment, when cavitation is generated at the focal region, the focal spot may be uncontrollably diffused, which affects the accuracy of treatment, and the acoustic shielding effect generated by the cavitation bubbles may affect the focusing of the acoustic beam, so that the lesion becomes wider and moves toward the transducer, resulting in the change of the shape of the lesion. Thus, the uncontrollable and destructive nature of cavitation determines the importance of cavitation detection in the course of HIFU therapy. However, the prior art lacks an effective method for detecting cavitation effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the disclosure provides a method and a device for detecting a cavitation effect and ultrasonic treatment equipment, which can effectively detect the cavitation effect generated in the HIFU treatment process.
In a first aspect, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for detecting cavitation effects, including:
for each preset time period, controlling a focusing transducer to transmit detection signals to a focus area at a plurality of moments in the preset time period, wherein the detection signals are transmitted once at each moment, the detection signals are focus pulse signals of N periods, N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3, and the preset time period is a time period from the end moment of the current HIFU treatment round to the start moment of the next HIFU treatment round;
acquiring echo information received by the focusing transducer in the preset time period, wherein the echo information corresponding to the preset time period comprises echo signals corresponding to the detection signals generated by the reflection of the focus area and corresponding to each time in the preset time period;
generating echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in the preset time period according to the echo signal corresponding to each moment in the preset time period;
and detecting whether a cavitation effect is generated in the focus area at least according to the echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in the preset time period.
In some embodiments, the generating, according to the echo signal corresponding to each time in the preset time period, echo feature information corresponding to each time in the preset time period includes:
and acquiring the echo amplitude of the echo signal from the echo signal corresponding to the moment aiming at each moment in the preset time period, wherein the echo characteristic information corresponding to the moment comprises the echo amplitude of the echo signal corresponding to the moment.
In some embodiments, the detecting whether a cavitation effect is generated in the focus area at least according to the echo characteristic information corresponding to each time within the preset time period includes:
generating an echo amplitude curve corresponding to the preset time period according to the echo amplitude corresponding to each moment in the preset time period;
determining the slopes corresponding to every two adjacent moments in the echo amplitude curve;
and when the slope is larger than a preset slope threshold value, detecting that the cavitation effect is generated in the focal region.
In some embodiments. For each preset time period, the time interval of each two adjacent time instants in a plurality of time instants within the preset time period may range from 50 microseconds to 400 microseconds.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises:
before the first HIFU treatment round is started, controlling the focusing transducer to transmit an initial detection signal to a focus area, wherein the initial detection signal is an initial focusing pulse signal with N periods, and N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3;
acquiring initial echo information received by the focusing transducer before the beginning of a first HIFU treatment round, wherein the initial echo information comprises an initial echo signal corresponding to the initial detection signal generated by reflection of the focal region before the beginning of the first HIFU treatment round;
generating initial echo characteristic information according to the initial echo signal;
the detecting whether the cavitation effect is generated in the focus area at least according to the echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in the preset time period comprises the following steps: and detecting whether a cavitation effect is generated in the focus area according to the initial echo characteristic information and the echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in all preset time periods.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an apparatus for detecting cavitation effects, including:
the control unit is used for controlling the focusing transducer to transmit detection signals to a focus area at multiple moments within each preset time period, wherein the detection signals are transmitted once at each moment, the detection signals are focusing pulse signals of N periods, N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3, and the preset time period is a time period from the end moment of the current HIFU treatment round to the start moment of the next HIFU treatment round;
an obtaining unit, configured to obtain echo information received by the focusing transducer within a preset time period, where the echo information corresponding to the preset time period includes an echo signal corresponding to the detection signal generated by reflection in the focus area and corresponding to each time within the preset time period;
the generating unit is used for generating echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in the preset time period according to the echo signal corresponding to each moment in the preset time period;
and the detection unit is used for detecting whether a cavitation effect is generated in the focus area at least according to the echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in the preset time period.
In some embodiments, the generating unit is specifically configured to, for each time instant within the preset time period, acquire an echo amplitude of the echo signal from the echo signal corresponding to the time instant, where the echo characteristic information corresponding to the time instant includes the echo amplitude of the echo signal corresponding to the time instant.
In some embodiments, the detection unit is specifically configured to generate an echo amplitude curve corresponding to the preset time period according to the echo amplitude corresponding to each time within the preset time period; determining the slopes corresponding to every two adjacent moments in the echo amplitude curve; and when the slope is larger than a preset slope threshold value, detecting that the cavitation effect is generated in the focal region.
In some embodiments, the control unit is further configured to control the focusing transducer to transmit an initial detection signal to a focal region before a first HIFU treatment round is started, where the initial detection signal is an initial focusing pulse signal of N cycles, and N is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3;
the acquisition unit is further used for acquiring initial echo information received by the focusing transducer before the first HIFU treatment round is started, wherein the initial echo information comprises an initial echo signal corresponding to the initial detection signal generated by reflection of the focus area before the first HIFU treatment round is started;
the generating unit is further used for generating initial echo characteristic information according to the initial echo signal;
the detection unit is specifically configured to detect whether a cavitation effect is generated in the focus area according to the initial echo characteristic information and the echo characteristic information corresponding to each time within all preset time periods.
In a third aspect, embodiments of the present disclosure provide an ultrasound therapy apparatus, including: a focusing transducer and apparatus for detecting cavitation effects, the apparatus comprising an apparatus as provided in any of the embodiments above.
In the method and apparatus for detecting a cavitation effect and the ultrasound treatment device provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure, for each HIFU treatment round gap (preset time period), echo characteristic information corresponding to an echo signal generated by reflecting via a focus region at each time in the HIFU treatment round gap is detected, and whether a cavitation effect is generated in the focus region is detected at least based on the echo characteristic information corresponding to each time in the HIFU treatment round gap. In the embodiment, by analyzing the echo characteristic information of the echo signal generated by reflecting through the focus area at each moment in the interval of the HIFU treatment round, the cavitation effect generated in the focus area in the HIFU treatment process can be effectively and accurately detected, thereby being helpful for a doctor to timely and effectively perform countermeasures.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for detecting cavitation effects provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of one embodiment of step 13 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of one embodiment of step 14 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of another specific implementation of step 14 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of another method for detecting cavitation provided by embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an apparatus for detecting cavitation provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 7 is a block diagram of an ultrasound treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the method and apparatus for detecting cavitation effect and the ultrasonic therapy device provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example embodiments will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, but which may be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements/structures, these elements/structures should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element/structure from another element/structure.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the present disclosure, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
In the disclosed embodiments, a HIFU treatment procedure typically includes a plurality of HIFU treatment rounds, and in each HIFU treatment round, a focused ultrasound signal is typically continuously transmitted to the tissue in the focal region using a focusing transducer, and the continuous ultrasound waves (focused ultrasound signals) are focused at the focal region to produce a thermal effect, thereby achieving the therapeutic effect. During the HIFU treatment, cavitation is easily generated in the focal region due to the focusing of the high intensity ultrasound energy.
In order to effectively detect the cavitation effect generated in the HIFU treatment process, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for detecting the cavitation effect, in which a focused transducer is utilized to transmit a focused pulse signal to a focal region at a gap during a HIFU treatment round, and when the cavitation effect is generated in the focal region, the existence of cavitation bubbles significantly enhances the signal reflected by the focal region, so that the cavitation effect generated in the focal region during the HIFU treatment process can be effectively reflected by analyzing an echo signal generated by reflection at the focal region.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for detecting cavitation effect according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
and step 11, controlling the focusing transducer to transmit detection signals to the focus area at a plurality of moments in the preset time period for each preset time period.
In the disclosed embodiment, the focusing transducer is used as a HIFU therapy device, which can continuously transmit a focused ultrasound signal, which can be used as a therapy signal, and which can also transmit a focused pulse signal, which can be used as a detection signal for detecting cavitation effect, and the energy of the focused pulse signal used as the detection signal is much lower than that of the focused ultrasound signal used as the therapy signal. The purpose is to enable the tissue in the focus area to generate coagulation necrosis when receiving the treatment signal, so that the tissue in the focus area can be treated, and the tissue in the focus area does not change when receiving the detection signal, so as to avoid influencing the treatment effect and ensure the detection safety.
In the disclosed embodiment, the detection signal(s) is/are transmitted once per time instant, i.e. in step 11, for each preset time period, the focusing transducer is controlled to transmit a detection signal(s) to the focal region at each time instant within the preset time period. The detection signal transmitted each time is a focusing pulse signal of N periods, N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3, and the preset time period is a time period from the ending time of the current HIFU treatment round to the starting time of the next HIFU treatment round.
Since the detection signal is transmitted at intervals (i.e. preset time periods) of the HIFU treatment round, the detection signal can be completely distinguished from the treatment signal transmitted by the focusing transducer in the HIFU treatment round, so as to avoid the treatment signal from interfering with cavitation detection.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, for each preset time period, the time interval of each two adjacent time instants in the plurality of time instants within the preset time period may range from 50 microseconds (us) to 400 microseconds (us), for example, the time interval of each two adjacent time instants is 250 microseconds (us). And step 12, acquiring echo information received by the focusing transducer in the preset time period, wherein the echo information corresponding to the preset time period comprises echo signals corresponding to detection signals generated by reflection of a focus area and corresponding to each time in the preset time period.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, after the detection signal propagates to the focal region, the detection signal is reflected by the tissue and the like in the focal region to generate a corresponding echo signal, and the focusing transducer is a focusing transducer integrating transmission and reception, so that the echo signal generated by reflection by the focal region can be received by the focusing transducer, and after the detection signal is transmitted each time, the focusing transducer can also receive signals of other frequencies and noise signals, where the signals of other frequencies are signals with a frequency different from that of the detection signal.
In step 12, for each preset time period, after the focusing transducer receives the echo information, acquiring the echo information received by the focusing transducer within the preset time period. For each preset time period, the echo information corresponding to the preset time period includes an echo signal corresponding to a detection signal generated by reflection in the focus area and corresponding to each time within the preset time period. It can be understood that, since the detection signal is transmitted once in each time, the echo information includes an echo signal corresponding to each time in the preset time period. In addition, echo information also includes signals and noise signals of other frequencies generated by reflection and scattering in the focus region, and the signals and noise signals of other frequencies can be filtered by signal processing algorithms such as filtering and noise reduction.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, since the detection signal is transmitted at intervals of the HIFU treatment round, the echo information acquired in step 12 can be completely distinguished from the treatment signal (focused ultrasound signal) transmitted by the focusing transducer in the HIFU treatment round, and the detection signal is a focusing pulse signal with N cycles, which has a weak nonlinear effect and thus generates substantially no higher harmonic, so that the echo information acquired in step 12 also includes substantially no higher harmonic signal, but only an echo signal corresponding to the detection signal generated by reflection at the focal region.
And step 13, generating echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in the preset time period according to the echo signal corresponding to each moment in the preset time period.
As described above, the detection signal is transmitted once at each time in each preset period, and therefore, one echo signal is generated by reflection at the focal region for each time.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a specific implementation manner of step 13 in fig. 1, in some embodiments, in the case that the detection signal is transmitted once at each time, as shown in fig. 2, step 13 includes: step 131a, for each time in the preset time period, obtaining an echo amplitude of the echo signal from the echo signal corresponding to the time, where the echo characteristic information corresponding to the time includes the echo amplitude of the echo signal corresponding to the time.
In step 131a, for each time within the preset time period, signal processing is performed on the echo signal corresponding to the time, so as to extract an echo amplitude corresponding to the echo signal from the echo signal corresponding to the time. Therefore, the echo amplitude corresponding to each moment in the preset time period can be obtained, and the echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in the preset time period can be obtained.
And 14, detecting whether a cavitation effect is generated in the focus area at least according to the echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in the preset time period.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, during HIFU therapy, when cavitation is generated near or in tissue of a focal region, a strong reflection occurs when a detection signal is transmitted to a cavitation bubble, so that an echo signal received by a focusing transducer is significantly changed compared with an echo signal received without cavitation. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, for each preset time period, after the echo signal corresponding to each time in the preset time period of the focusing transducer is acquired, whether a cavitation effect is generated in the focus area is detected by analyzing the echo signal corresponding to each time in the preset time period.
Specifically, echo characteristic information corresponding to each time within the preset time period is obtained by analyzing an echo signal corresponding to each time within the preset time period, and the echo characteristic information can be used for representing the condition of an echo signal generated by reflection in the focus area corresponding to each time within the preset time period.
Therefore, in step 14, it can be detected whether or not a cavitation effect is generated in the focal region at least according to the echo feature information corresponding to each time within the preset time period.
In some embodiments, the change condition of the echo characteristic information in the preset time period is determined according to the echo characteristic information corresponding to each time in the preset time period, and then whether a cavitation effect is generated in the focus area is detected according to the change condition of the echo characteristic information in the preset time period. For example, if the echo characteristic information is significantly enhanced after a certain time, it indicates that the echo signal generated by reflection in the focal region is significantly enhanced, so that the occurrence of cavitation in the focal region can be detected.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a specific implementation manner of step 14 in fig. 1, and as shown in fig. 3, in some embodiments, in the case that the detection signal is transmitted once at each time, in the case that step 13 includes step 131a, step 14 may include:
and step 141a, generating an echo amplitude curve corresponding to the preset time period according to the echo amplitude corresponding to each moment in the preset time period.
For example, in step 141a, an echo amplitude curve of the echo amplitude in the preset time period varying with time may be drawn in the two-dimensional coordinate system based on the echo amplitude corresponding to each time in the preset time period by using a preset fitting curve model, where an abscissa represents each time in the preset time period and an ordinate represents the echo amplitude corresponding to each time in the preset time period.
And step 141b, determining the slopes corresponding to every two adjacent moments in the echo amplitude curve.
In step 141b, for each two adjacent time instants, calculating a slope corresponding to the two adjacent time instants according to a ratio of a difference between echo amplitudes corresponding to the two adjacent time instants to a difference between the two adjacent time instants, where the slope can reflect a change of the echo amplitude at each time instant.
And step 141c, detecting that a cavitation effect is generated in the focal region when the slope is greater than a preset slope threshold.
Before and after the cavitation effect is generated, the change of the echo signal can be reflected in the change of the amplitude value of the echo signal, namely, compared with the amplitude value of the echo signal received by the focusing transducer when the cavitation effect is not generated, the amplitude value of the echo signal received by the focusing transducer when the cavitation effect is generated is obviously larger. Therefore, in some embodiments, for each preset time period, the echo amplitude corresponding to each time of the preset time period may be obtained, and the change condition of the echo amplitude of the focus region may be analyzed based on the echo amplitude corresponding to each time within the preset time period, so that the cavitation effect generated in the focus region during the HIFU treatment process may be effectively and accurately detected, and a doctor may be further facilitated to timely and effectively perform a countermeasure.
Specifically, in some embodiments, by constructing an echo amplitude curve corresponding to the preset time period and calculating a slope corresponding to every two adjacent times in the echo amplitude curve, the echo amplitude curve can reflect a change situation of an echo amplitude detected in the preset time period, and a slope corresponding to every two adjacent times in the echo amplitude curve can effectively reflect a change situation of an echo amplitude at every time, so that whether a cavitation effect is generated in the focus area can be detected by judging whether the slope corresponding to every two adjacent times is greater than a preset slope threshold.
In step 141c, when it is detected that the slopes corresponding to the two adjacent moments are greater than the preset slope threshold, it indicates that the echo amplitude is significantly increased from one moment to the other moment of the two adjacent moments, so that it can be known that the echo signal generated by reflection in the focus area is significantly enhanced, and further the cavitation effect generated in the focus area is detected. The preset slope threshold may be set according to actual needs, and for example, may be set to a value greater than 0.
When the slope corresponding to two adjacent moments is detected to be smaller than or equal to the preset slope threshold, the echo amplitude is unchanged or slightly reduced from one moment to the other moment in the two adjacent moments, namely the intensity of an echo signal generated by reflection of the focus area is unchanged or slightly reduced, so that the cavitation effect is not generated in the focus area.
As can be seen from the descriptions in steps 141a to 141c, the detection manner of the cavitation effect is to perform detection based on the echo amplitude corresponding to each time of the preset time period for each preset time period, that is, after the echo amplitude corresponding to each time of the preset time period is obtained, the cavitation condition in the focus area can be analyzed and detected, so that after each HIFU treatment round is finished, the cavitation condition in the focus area is analyzed and detected. In some embodiments, after the echo amplitude corresponding to each time in all preset time periods is obtained, analyzing and detecting the cavitation condition in the focal region may also be performed, that is, after the entire HIFU treatment process is finished, analyzing and detecting the cavitation condition in the focal region.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of another specific implementation manner of step 14 in fig. 1, and as shown in fig. 4, in some embodiments, in the case that the detection signal is transmitted once at each time, in the case that step 13 includes step 131a, step 14 may include:
and 142a, generating echo amplitude curves corresponding to all the preset time periods according to the echo amplitude corresponding to each moment in all the preset time periods.
For example, in step 142a, an echo amplitude curve with echo amplitudes varying with time in all preset time periods may be drawn in the two-dimensional coordinate system based on echo amplitudes corresponding to each time in all preset time periods by using a preset fitting curve model, where an abscissa represents each time in all preset time periods, and an ordinate represents echo amplitudes corresponding to each time in all preset time periods.
And 142b, determining the slopes corresponding to every two adjacent moments in the echo amplitude curve.
In step 142b, for each two adjacent moments, calculating a slope corresponding to the two adjacent moments according to a ratio of a difference between echo amplitudes corresponding to the two adjacent moments to a difference between the two adjacent moments, where the slope can reflect a change in the echo amplitude at each moment.
And 142c, when the slope is larger than a preset slope threshold value, detecting that a cavitation effect is generated in the focal region.
Before and after the cavitation effect is generated, the change of the echo signal can be reflected in the change of the amplitude value of the echo signal, namely, compared with the amplitude value of the echo signal received by the focusing transducer when the cavitation effect is not generated, the amplitude value of the echo signal received by the focusing transducer when the cavitation effect is generated is obviously larger. Therefore, in some embodiments, the echo amplitude corresponding to each time in all preset time periods can be obtained, and the change condition of the echo amplitude of the focus region can be analyzed based on the echo amplitude corresponding to each time in all preset time periods, so that the cavitation effect generated in the focus region in the HIFU treatment process can be effectively and accurately detected, and a doctor can timely and effectively perform a countermeasure.
Specifically, in some embodiments, by constructing echo amplitude curves corresponding to all preset time periods and calculating slopes corresponding to every two adjacent times in the echo amplitude curves, the echo amplitude curves can reflect changes in the echo amplitude detected in all preset time periods, and the slopes corresponding to every two adjacent times in the echo amplitude curves can effectively reflect changes in the echo amplitude at every time, so that whether a cavitation effect is generated in a focus region can be detected by judging whether the slopes corresponding to every two adjacent times are greater than a preset slope threshold value.
In step 142c, when it is detected that the slopes corresponding to the two adjacent moments are greater than the preset slope threshold, it indicates that the echo amplitude is significantly increased from one moment to the other moment of the two adjacent moments, so that it can be known that the echo signal generated by reflection in the focus area is significantly enhanced, and further the cavitation effect generated in the focus area is detected. The preset slope threshold may be set according to actual needs, for example, the preset slope threshold may be set to a value greater than 0.
When the slope corresponding to two adjacent moments is detected to be smaller than or equal to the preset slope threshold, the echo amplitude is unchanged or slightly reduced from one moment to the other moment in the two adjacent moments, namely the intensity of an echo signal generated by reflection of the focus area is unchanged or slightly reduced, so that the cavitation effect is not generated in the focus area.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of another method for detecting cavitation effect provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 5, which is different from the foregoing embodiment shown in fig. 1 in that before step 11, the method further includes: step 101 to step 103.
In step 101, the focusing transducer is controlled to transmit an initial detection signal to the focal region before the beginning of the first HIFU treatment round, i.e. before the beginning of the HIFU treatment. Since the initial detection signal is transmitted before the first HIFU treatment round is started, the treatment signal during the treatment process is not interfered. In order to avoid influencing the treatment effect, the initial detection signal can be an initial focusing pulse signal with low energy in N periods, wherein N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3, so that the treatment effect cannot be generated when the initial detection signal is transmitted to the focus area.
In some embodiments, the number of transmissions of the initial detection signal may be 1 before the first HIFU treatment round begins.
And 102, acquiring initial echo information received by the focusing transducer before the first HIFU treatment round is started, wherein the initial echo information comprises an initial echo signal corresponding to an initial detection signal generated by reflecting through a focus area before the first HIFU treatment round is started.
In step 102, after the initial detection signal propagates to the focal region, it is reflected by the tissue in the focal region, etc. to generate a corresponding initial echo signal, and the focusing transducer is a focusing transducer integrating transmission and reception, so that the initial echo signal reflected by the focal region can be received by the focusing transducer, and after each time the initial detection signal is transmitted, the focusing transducer can also receive signals of other frequencies and noise signals, where the signals of other frequencies are signals with different frequencies from the initial detection signal.
In step 102, before the first HIFU treatment round is started, after the focusing transducer receives the initial echo signal, initial echo information received by the focusing transducer before the first HIFU treatment round is started is acquired. Wherein the initial echo information includes an initial echo signal corresponding to an initial detection signal generated by reflection via the focal region before the first HIFU treatment round is started. It is understood that, since the initial detection signal is transmitted once before the first HIFU treatment round is started, one initial echo signal is included in the initial echo information. In addition, the initial echo information further includes signals and noise signals of other frequencies generated by reflection and scattering in the focus region, and the signals and noise signals of other frequencies can be filtered by signal processing algorithms such as filtering and noise reduction.
Since the initial detection signal is transmitted before the HIFU therapy is started, the initial echo information acquired in step 102 can be completely distinguished from the therapy signal (focused ultrasound signal) and the detection signal transmitted by the focusing transducer during the HIFU therapy, and the initial detection signal is a focusing pulse signal of N cycles, which has a weak nonlinear effect and thus generates substantially no higher harmonics, so that the initial echo information acquired in step 102 also includes substantially no higher harmonic signal, but only the initial echo signal corresponding to the initial detection signal generated by reflection at the focal region.
Before the HIFU treatment is started, the focal region does not generate the cavitation effect without the focusing of the high-intensity ultrasonic energy, and therefore, in some embodiments, the initial echo signal acquired in step 102 may serve as reference data without generating the cavitation effect, and the reference data may serve as an effective factor for evaluating the cavitation effect.
And 103, generating initial echo characteristic information according to the initial echo signal.
In some embodiments, the initial detection signal(s) is transmitted once before the start of the first HIFU treatment round, and accordingly, the initial echo signals generated by reflection via the focal region before the start of the first HIFU treatment round are one. In this case, step 103 includes: and acquiring an initial echo amplitude of the initial echo signal from the initial echo signal, wherein the initial echo characteristic information comprises the initial echo amplitude.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 5, step 14 specifically includes: and detecting whether a cavitation effect is generated in the focus area or not according to the initial echo characteristic information and the echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in all preset time periods.
In some embodiments, in the case that the initial echo characteristic information includes the initial echo amplitude of the initial echo signal, and the step 13 includes the step 131a, the step 14 may include the following steps 145a to 145 c. And 145a, generating an echo amplitude curve according to the initial echo amplitude and the echo amplitude corresponding to each moment in all the preset time periods.
For example, in step 145a, an echo amplitude curve of echo amplitudes varying with time in all preset time periods may be drawn in a two-dimensional coordinate system based on the initial echo amplitude and the echo amplitude corresponding to each time in all preset time periods by using a preset fitting curve model, where an abscissa represents a time before the first HIFU treatment round starts and each time in all preset time periods, and an ordinate represents the initial echo amplitude corresponding to each time before the first HIFU treatment round starts and the echo amplitude corresponding to each time in all preset time periods.
And step 145b, determining the slopes corresponding to every two adjacent moments in the echo amplitude curve.
In step 145b, for each two adjacent time instants, calculating a slope corresponding to the two adjacent time instants according to a ratio of a difference between echo amplitudes corresponding to the two adjacent time instants to a difference between the two adjacent time instants, where the slope can reflect a change of the echo amplitude at each time instant.
And 145c, when the slope is larger than a preset slope threshold value, detecting that the cavitation effect is generated in the focal region.
Before and after the cavitation effect is generated, the change of the echo signal can be reflected in the change of the amplitude value of the echo signal, namely, compared with the amplitude value of the echo signal received by the focusing transducer when the cavitation effect is not generated, the amplitude value of the echo signal received by the focusing transducer when the cavitation effect is generated is obviously larger. Therefore, in some embodiments, the initial echo amplitude before the first HIFU treatment round and the echo amplitude corresponding to each time of all the preset time periods may be obtained, and the change condition of the echo amplitude of the focus region may be analyzed based on the initial echo amplitude and the echo amplitude corresponding to each time of all the preset time periods, so that the cavitation effect generated in the focus region during the HIFU treatment process may be effectively and accurately detected, and a doctor may be facilitated to timely and effectively perform a countermeasure.
Specifically, in some embodiments, by constructing an echo amplitude curve corresponding to all preset time periods before the first HIFU treatment round, and calculating slopes corresponding to every two adjacent time instants in the echo amplitude curve, the echo amplitude curve can reflect changes in echo amplitude values detected before the first HIFU treatment round and in all preset time periods, and the slopes corresponding to every two adjacent time instants in the echo amplitude curve can effectively reflect changes in echo amplitude values at each time instant, so that whether a cavitation effect is generated in the focus region can be detected by determining whether the slopes corresponding to every two adjacent time instants are greater than a preset slope threshold.
In step 145c, when it is detected that the slopes corresponding to the two adjacent moments are greater than the preset slope threshold, it indicates that the echo amplitude is significantly increased from one moment to the other moment of the two adjacent moments, so that it can be known that the echo signal generated by reflection in the focus area is significantly enhanced, and further the cavitation effect generated in the focus area is detected. The preset slope threshold may be set according to actual needs, for example, the preset slope threshold may be set to a value greater than 0.
When the slope corresponding to two adjacent moments is detected to be smaller than or equal to the preset slope threshold, the echo amplitude is unchanged or slightly reduced from one moment to the other moment in the two adjacent moments, namely the intensity of an echo signal generated by reflection of the focus area is unchanged or slightly reduced, so that the cavitation effect is not generated in the focus area.
In some embodiments, a derivative process may be performed on the echo amplitude curve fitted in any one of the above embodiments to obtain a slope curve (function) of the echo amplitude curve, and if the slope curve significantly rises after a certain time, it indicates that the echo amplitude significantly rises, that is, the echo signal generated by reflection in the focus area is significantly enhanced, so as to detect that a cavitation effect is generated in the focus area.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the detection result (the result of detecting whether or not the cavitation effect is generated in the focal region) obtained by the above-mentioned method for detecting the cavitation effect may be used as a strong reference for judging the cavitation effect in the focal region, and is not used as an actual final cavitation detection result.
In the method for detecting a cavitation effect provided by this embodiment, for each HIFU treatment round interval (preset time period), echo characteristic information corresponding to an echo signal generated by reflection at each time point in the HIFU treatment round interval through a focus area is detected, and whether a cavitation effect is generated in the focus area is detected at least based on the echo characteristic information corresponding to each time point in the HIFU treatment round interval. In the embodiment, by analyzing the echo characteristic information of the echo signal generated by reflecting through the focus area at each moment in the interval of the HIFU treatment round, the cavitation effect generated in the focus area in the HIFU treatment process can be effectively and accurately detected, thereby being helpful for a doctor to timely and effectively perform countermeasures.
Fig. 6 is a block diagram of an apparatus for detecting a cavitation effect according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and as shown in fig. 6, the apparatus includes a control unit 201, an obtaining unit 202, a generating unit 203, and a detecting unit 204.
The control unit 201 is configured to, for each preset time period, control the focusing transducer to transmit a detection signal to the focal region at multiple times within the preset time period, where each time is to transmit a detection signal once, the detection signal is a focusing pulse signal of N cycles, N is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3, and the preset time period is a time period from an end time of a current HIFU treatment round to a start time of a next HIFU treatment round.
The obtaining unit 202 is configured to obtain echo information received by the focusing transducer within the preset time period, where the echo information corresponding to the preset time period includes an echo signal corresponding to a detection signal generated by reflection in the focus area and corresponding to each time within the preset time period.
The generating unit 203 is configured to generate echo characteristic information corresponding to each time in the preset time period according to the echo signal corresponding to each time in the preset time period.
The detecting unit 204 is configured to detect whether a cavitation effect is generated in the focus area at least according to the echo characteristic information corresponding to each time within the preset time period.
In some embodiments, the generating unit 203 is specifically configured to, for each time instant within the preset time period, acquire an echo amplitude of the echo signal from the echo signal corresponding to the time instant, where the echo characteristic information corresponding to the time instant includes the echo amplitude of the echo signal corresponding to the time instant.
In some embodiments, the detecting unit 203 is specifically configured to generate an echo amplitude curve corresponding to the preset time period according to the echo amplitude corresponding to each time in the preset time period; determining the slopes corresponding to every two adjacent moments in the echo amplitude curve; and when the slope is larger than a preset slope threshold value, detecting that the cavitation effect is generated in the focal region.
In some embodiments, the control unit 201 is further configured to control the focusing transducer to transmit an initial detection signal to the focal region before the first HIFU treatment round is started, where the initial detection signal is N cycles of initial focusing pulse signals, and N is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3; the acquiring unit 202 is further configured to acquire initial echo information received by the focusing transducer before the first HIFU treatment round starts, where the initial echo information includes an initial echo signal corresponding to an initial detection signal generated by reflecting through a focal region before the first HIFU treatment round starts; the generating unit 203 is further configured to generate initial echo characteristic information according to the initial echo signal; the detecting unit 204 is specifically configured to detect whether a cavitation effect is generated in the focus area according to the initial echo characteristic information and the echo characteristic information corresponding to each time in all preset time periods.
The device for detecting a cavitation effect provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure is configured to implement the method for detecting a cavitation effect provided in any one of the embodiments, and for specific relevant description, reference may be made to the description of the method provided in the embodiments, and details are not repeated here.
Fig. 7 is a block diagram of an ultrasound treatment apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, and as shown in fig. 7, the ultrasound treatment apparatus includes: a focusing transducer 301 and a device 302 for detecting cavitation effect, wherein the focusing transducer 301 is connected with the device 302, and the device 302 comprises the device for detecting cavitation effect provided by any of the above embodiments.
It is to be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments that are employed to illustrate the principles of the present disclosure, and that the present disclosure is not limited thereto. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure, and these are to be considered as the scope of the disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A method for detecting cavitation effects, comprising:
for each preset time period, controlling a focusing transducer to transmit detection signals to a focus area at a plurality of moments in the preset time period, wherein the detection signals are transmitted once at each moment, the detection signals are focus pulse signals of N periods, N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3, and the preset time period is a time period from the end moment of the current HIFU treatment round to the start moment of the next HIFU treatment round;
acquiring echo information received by the focusing transducer in the preset time period, wherein the echo information corresponding to the preset time period comprises echo signals corresponding to the detection signals generated by the reflection of the focus area and corresponding to each time in the preset time period;
generating echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in the preset time period according to the echo signal corresponding to each moment in the preset time period;
and detecting whether a cavitation effect is generated in the focus area at least according to the echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in the preset time period.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the generating echo feature information corresponding to each time within the preset time period according to the echo signal corresponding to each time within the preset time period includes:
and acquiring the echo amplitude of the echo signal from the echo signal corresponding to the moment aiming at each moment in the preset time period, wherein the echo characteristic information corresponding to the moment comprises the echo amplitude of the echo signal corresponding to the moment.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the detecting whether the cavitation effect is generated in the focal region at least according to the echo feature information corresponding to each time within the preset time period comprises:
generating an echo amplitude curve corresponding to the preset time period according to the echo amplitude corresponding to each moment in the preset time period;
determining the slopes corresponding to every two adjacent moments in the echo amplitude curve;
and when the slope is larger than a preset slope threshold value, detecting that the cavitation effect is generated in the focal region.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein for each preset time period, the time interval between every two adjacent time instants in the plurality of time instants within the preset time period may range from 50 microseconds to 400 microseconds.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
before the first HIFU treatment round is started, controlling the focusing transducer to transmit an initial detection signal to a focus area, wherein the initial detection signal is an initial focusing pulse signal with N periods, and N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3;
acquiring initial echo information received by the focusing transducer before the beginning of a first HIFU treatment round, wherein the initial echo information comprises an initial echo signal corresponding to the initial detection signal generated by reflection of the focal region before the beginning of the first HIFU treatment round;
generating initial echo characteristic information according to the initial echo signal;
the detecting whether the cavitation effect is generated in the focus area at least according to the echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in the preset time period comprises the following steps: and detecting whether a cavitation effect is generated in the focus area according to the initial echo characteristic information and the echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in all preset time periods.
6. An apparatus for detecting cavitation effects, comprising:
the control unit is used for controlling the focusing transducer to transmit detection signals to a focus area at multiple moments within each preset time period, wherein the detection signals are transmitted once at each moment, the detection signals are focusing pulse signals of N periods, N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3, and the preset time period is a time period from the end moment of the current HIFU treatment round to the start moment of the next HIFU treatment round;
an obtaining unit, configured to obtain echo information received by the focusing transducer within a preset time period, where the echo information corresponding to the preset time period includes an echo signal corresponding to the detection signal generated by reflection in the focus area and corresponding to each time within the preset time period;
the generating unit is used for generating echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in the preset time period according to the echo signal corresponding to each moment in the preset time period;
and the detection unit is used for detecting whether a cavitation effect is generated in the focus area at least according to the echo characteristic information corresponding to each moment in the preset time period.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the generating unit is specifically configured to, for each time within the preset time period, obtain an echo amplitude of the echo signal from the echo signal corresponding to the time, and the echo characteristic information corresponding to the time includes the echo amplitude of the echo signal corresponding to the time.
8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the detecting unit is specifically configured to generate an echo amplitude curve corresponding to the preset time period according to the echo amplitude corresponding to each time within the preset time period; determining the slopes corresponding to every two adjacent moments in the echo amplitude curve; and when the slope is larger than a preset slope threshold value, detecting that the cavitation effect is generated in the focal region.
9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the control unit is further configured to control the focusing transducer to transmit an initial detection signal to a focal region before a first HIFU treatment round is started, wherein the initial detection signal is an initial focusing pulse signal with N periods, and N is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3;
the acquisition unit is further used for acquiring initial echo information received by the focusing transducer before the first HIFU treatment round is started, wherein the initial echo information comprises an initial echo signal corresponding to the initial detection signal generated by reflection of the focus area before the first HIFU treatment round is started;
the generating unit is further used for generating initial echo characteristic information according to the initial echo signal;
the detection unit is specifically configured to detect whether a cavitation effect is generated in the focus area according to the initial echo characteristic information and the echo characteristic information corresponding to each time within all preset time periods.
10. An ultrasonic therapy apparatus, comprising: a focusing transducer and a device for detecting cavitation effects, the device comprising a device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims 6 to 9.
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