CN113113942A - 由车载汽车电池充电器进行的基于电压的短路检测 - Google Patents

由车载汽车电池充电器进行的基于电压的短路检测 Download PDF

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CN113113942A
CN113113942A CN202110014230.3A CN202110014230A CN113113942A CN 113113942 A CN113113942 A CN 113113942A CN 202110014230 A CN202110014230 A CN 202110014230A CN 113113942 A CN113113942 A CN 113113942A
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battery charger
voltage
motor vehicle
isolated
boost converter
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拉杰什·纳拉亚南
***·埃尔希尔
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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Abstract

本公开提供了“由车载汽车电池充电器进行的基于电压的短路检测”。一种机动车辆包括牵引电池和车载电池充电器，所述车载电池充电器可以经由包括充电电路中断装置的充电线缆与非车载AC电网电连接。所述车载电池充电器使与来自所述AC电网的电力相关联的电压信号的基本分量衰减，以生成具有对应于所述AC电网上的电压的偏置值的AC信号。所述车载电池充电器还响应于所述AC信号的最小值小于预定阈值而发出命令以断开所述充电电路中断装置的接触器。

Description

由车载汽车电池充电器进行的基于电压的短路检测
技术领域
本公开涉及用于电池电动车辆或插电式混合动力电动车辆的AC充电***。
背景技术
电动化车辆(诸如混合动力、插电式混合动力和电池电动车辆)使用由牵引电池供电的电机来驱动车辆动力传动***。在某些配置中，牵引电池可以用来自AC电网的电力充电。与AC电网相关联的参数(诸如电压)可以随一天中的时间等而变化。
发明内容
一种机动车辆包括牵引电池和车载电池充电器。所述车载电池充电器可以经由充电线缆与非车载AC电网电连接，所述充电线缆连接在所述机动车辆和AC电网之间并且包括充电电路中断装置。所述车载充电器使与来自所述AC电网的电力相关联的电压信号的基本分量衰减，以生成具有对应于所述AC电网上的电压的偏置值的AC信号；以及响应于所述AC信号的最小值小于预定阈值而发出命令以断开所述充电电路中断装置的接触器。
所述车载电池充电器可以包括整流器、非隔离DC-DC升压转换器以及电压传感器，所述电压传感器连接在所述整流器和非隔离DC-DC升压转换器之间并且测量所述电压信号。所述车载电池充电器还可以包括隔离DC-DC升压转换器和功率因数校正电路，所述功率因数校正电路连接在非隔离DC-DC升压转换器和隔离DC-DC升压转换器之间。所述车载电池充电器还可以包括滤波器，所述滤波器执行所述电压信号的所述基本分量的所述衰减。所述滤波器可以是低通滤波器。所述车载电池充电器还可以包括比较器，所述比较器比较所述最小值与所述预定阈值。所述车载电池充电器还可以包括控制器，所述控制器生成所述命令。
机动车辆的车载电池充电器可以经由充电线缆与非车载AC电网电连接，所述充电线缆连接在所述机动车辆和AC电网之间并且包括充电电路中断装置。一种操作所述车载电池充电器的方法包括使与来自所述AC电网的电力相关联的电压信号的基本分量衰减，以生成具有对应于所述AC电网上的电压的偏置值的AC信号；以及响应于所述AC信号的最小值小于预定阈值而发出命令以断开所述充电电路中断装置的接触器。
所述方法还可以包括测量所述电压信号。使所述电压信号的所述基本分量衰减可以包括对所述电压信号的所述基本分量进行滤波。对所述电压信号的所述基本分量进行滤波可以包括对所述电压信号的所述基本分量进行低通滤波。所述方法还可以包括比较所述最小值与预定阈值。
一种机动车辆包括牵引电池和车载电池充电器，所述车载电池充电器可以经由包括充电电路中断装置的充电线缆与非车载AC电网电连接。所述车载电池充电器包括电压传感器，所述电压传感器测量与来自所述AC电网的电力相关联的电压信号；滤波器，所述滤波器使所述电压信号的基本分量衰减，以生成具有对应于所述AC电网上的电压的偏置值的AC信号；比较器，所述比较器比较所述AC信号的最小值与预定阈值；以及控制器，所述控制器响应于所述最小值小于预定阈值而发出命令以断开所述充电电路中断装置的接触器。
所述车载电池充电器还可以包括整流器和非隔离的DC-DC升压转换器。所述电压传感器可以连接在整流器和非隔离DC-DC升压转换器之间。所述车载电池充电器还可以包括隔离DC-DC升压转换器和功率因数校正电路，所述功率因数校正电路连接在非隔离DC-DC升压转换器和隔离DC-DC升压转换器之间。所述滤波器可以是低通滤波器。所述车载电池充电器还可以包括置位复位锁存器，所述置位复位锁存器被配置为从所述比较器接收输入并且生成用于所述控制器的输出。
附图说明
图1是典型的充电***的示意图。
图2是在图1的充电电路中断装置内的部件的示意图。
图3是在车载充电器内具有电压感测电路的所提出的充电***的示意图。
图4是用于操作图3的车载充电器的算法的流程图。
具体实施方式
本文描述了本公开的实施例。然而，应理解，所公开的实施例仅是示例，并且其他实施例可采用各种形式和替代形式。附图不一定按比例绘制；一些特征可以被放大或最小化以示出特定部件的细节。因此，本文公开的具体结构和功能细节并不解释为限制性，而仅解释为用于教导本领域技术人员以各种方式采用本发明的代表性基础。如本领域普通技术人员将理解，参考附图中的任何一个示出和描述的各种特征可以与一个或多个其他附图中示出的特征进行组合，以产生未明确示出或描述的实施例。所示特征的组合提供用于典型应用的代表性实施例。然而，与本公开的教导相一致的特征的各种组合和修改对于特定应用或实施方式来说可能是期望的。
电流短路检测***使用充电线束中传统的基于霍尔效应或分流器的电流传感器来检测在使用110V/220V插座或公共充电站的电动化车辆的充电期间的短路。充电电路中断装置内的电流传感器在正常操作期间监测电流。如果发生短路，则检测到增加的电流，并且断开接触器。然而，这可能导致***的成本增加。用于1级充电的电流传感器通常额定为高达20A，但是由于低电阻接地故障状况，UL标准测试要求其承受20,00A达3ms，这进一步增加了***的成本。
在典型的车辆充电***中，基础设施插座(车库插座)通过充电电路中断装置连接，所述充电电路中断装置然后通过联接器/入口端口连接至车辆的车载充电器。例如，图1示出了用于车辆12的充电***10。充电***10包括与AC壁式插座16连接的充电线束14。充电线束14包括充电电路中断装置18和联接器20。车辆12包括车辆插座22、车载充电器24和高压电池26。联接器20和车辆插座22彼此配合以在AC壁式插座16与车载充电器24之间建立电连接。在正常充电期间经由充电线束14输送至车载充电器24的来自AC壁式插座16的电力随后可以由车载充电器24用于对高压电池26充电。
充电电路中断装置模块通常设计有电流传感器以监测电流流动。电流传感器安装在相线或中性线上以监测在家用插座与车辆充电***之间的电流流动。图2示出了常规的充电电路中断装置27，其包括相线28和中性线30、电流传感器32和接触器34、36。电流传感器32被布置成检测中性线30上的电流。接触器34、36分别布置在相线28和中性线30上。响应于由电流传感器32检测到的电流超过某个阈值，可以断开接触器34、36以中断电流流动。
在这里，提出了一种车载充电器，其具有电压检测能力，所述电压检测能力可以用于监测输入电压(在初始整流级之后)以识别故障状况以及向充电电路中断装置发送消息以断开其接触器。这消除了对充电电路中断装置内的电流传感器的需要。在这种***配备有电压感测电路的情况下，在短路期间，电压将下降到0v，这指示故障，在这之后则可以断开接触器。
图3示出了用于车辆40的充电***38。充电***38包括与AC壁式插座44连接的充电线束42。充电线束42包括充电电路中断装置46和联接器48。车辆40包括车辆插座50、车载充电器52和高压(或牵引)电池54。联接器48和车辆插座50彼此配合以在AC壁式插座44与车载充电器52之间建立电连接。在正常充电期间经由充电线束42输送至车载充电器52的来自AC壁式插座44的电力随后可以由车载充电器52用于对高压电池54充电。
车载充电器52包括整流器56、电压传感器58、非隔离DC-DC升压转换器60、功率因数校正电路62和隔离DC-DC升压转换器64。车载充电器52还包括低通滤波器66、比较器68、逻辑门70(例如，置位复位锁存器)和控制器72。在该示例中，电压传感器58被布置成测量整流器56与非隔离DC-DC升压转换器60之间的电压。来自电压传感器58的数据经由低通滤波器66进行滤波，以使测量的电压信号的基本分量衰减，从而产生AC信号，该AC信号具有对应于AC壁式插座44上的电压的偏置值。比较器68比较AC信号的最小值与阈值(例如，50V)。响应于最小值小于阈值，在该示例中，比较器68将发出逻辑1。否则，比较器将发出逻辑0。响应于比较器发出逻辑1，逻辑门70将1(或高信号)传递至控制器72。否则，逻辑门70将0(或低信号)传递至控制器72。响应于逻辑门70传递1，控制器72将向CCID 46发出命令以断开其接触器。响应于逻辑门70传递0，控制器72将不发出这种命令。
充电电路中断装置46通过联接器48/入口端口50连接至车载充电器52。控制器72使用控制导频电路74，所述控制导频电路74穿过联接器48/入口端口50以传送电压限值和电流限值。如上所述，将AC电压转换为DC电压的车载充电器52在升压转换器级之前具有输入整流器级，电压感测电路被添加至升压转换器级以监测输入电压。如果在车辆侧发生短路，电压感测电路将检测到下降到0V的输入电压，在这之后控制器72命令充电电路中断装置46断开其中的接触器以消除AC输入。此外，本文描述的技术用AC线输入区分过零以及识别故障状况，并且可以与1级和2级充电***两者一起使用。
图4示出了可以由车载充电器52执行的操作。在操作76处，测量与AC电网相关联的电压。在操作78处，对所测量的电压进行低通滤波，以生成具有对应于AC电网上的电压的偏置值的AC信号。在操作80处，如果AC信号的最小值小于预定阈值，算法前进至操作82。如果AC信号的最小值大于预定阈值，算法返回至操作76。
本文所公开的过程、方法或算法可交付到处理装置、控制器或计算机或由它们来实施，它们可包括任何现有可编程电子控制单元或专用电子控制单元。类似地，过程、方法、或算法可作为可由控制器或计算机执行的呈许多形式的数据和指令存储，所述形式包括但不限于：永久地存储在不可写存储介质(诸如ROM装置)上的信息、以及可变更地存储在可写存储介质(诸如软盘、磁带、CD、RAM装置以及其他磁性和光学介质)上的信息。过程、方法或算法也可在软件可执行对象中实施。替代地，过程、方法或算法可全部或部分使用合适的硬件部件(诸如专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、状态机、控制器或者其他硬件部件或装置)或硬件、软件和固件部件的组合来实施。
在说明书中使用的词语是描述性词语而非限制性词语，并且应当理解，可在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下做出各种改变。如前所描述的，各个实施例的特征可以被组合以形成本发明的可能未被明确描述或示出的另外的实施例。尽管各个实施例可能已经被描述为就一个或多个所期望特性而言相较其他实施例或现有技术实施方式来说提供优点或是优选的，但是本领域的普通技术人员将认识到，一个或多个特征或特性可以折衷以实现期望的总体***属性，这取决于特定应用和实施方式。这些属性可以包括但不限于：成本、强度、耐久性、生命周期成本、可销售性、外观、包装、大小、可服务性、重量、可制造性，易组装性等。这样，描述为相对于一个或多个特性较其他实施例或现有技术实施方式不太可取的实施例不在本公开的范围之外，并且对于特定应用可能是可取的。
根据本发明，提供了一种机动车辆，其具有：牵引电池；以及车载电池充电器，所述车载电池充电器被配置为经由充电线缆与非车载AC电网电连接，所述充电线缆连接在所述机动车辆和AC电网之间并且包括充电电路中断装置，其中所述车载电池充电器还被配置为使与来自所述AC电网的电力相关联的电压信号的基本分量衰减，以生成具有对应于所述AC电网上的电压的偏置值的AC信号，并且响应于所述AC信号的最小值小于预定阈值而发出命令以断开所述充电电路中断装置的接触器。
根据一个实施例，所述车载电池充电器包括整流器、非隔离DC-DC升压转换器以及电压传感器，所述电压传感器连接在所述整流器和非隔离DC-DC升压转换器之间并且被配置为测量所述电压信号。
根据一个实施例，所述车载电池充电器还包括隔离DC-DC升压转换器和功率因数校正电路，所述功率因数校正电路连接在所述非隔离DC-DC升压转换器和隔离DC-DC升压转换器之间。
根据一个实施例，所述车载电池充电器还包括滤波器，所述滤波器被配置为执行所述电压信号的所述基本分量的所述衰减。
根据一个实施例，所述滤波器是低通滤波器。
根据一个实施例，所述车载电池充电器还包括比较器，所述比较器被配置为比较所述最小值与所述预定阈值。
根据一个实施例，所述车载电池充电器还包括控制器，所述控制器被配置为生成所述命令。
根据本发明，一种用于操作机动车辆的车载电池充电器的方法，其中所述车载电池充电器被配置为经由充电线缆与非车载AC电网电连接，所述充电线缆连接在所述机动车辆和AC电网之间并且包括充电电路中断装置，包括：由所述车载电池充电器，使与来自所述AC电网的电力相关联的电压信号的基本分量衰减，以生成具有对应于所述AC电网上的电压的偏置值的AC信号；以及响应于所述AC信号的最小值小于预定阈值而发出命令以断开所述充电电路中断装置的接触器。
在本发明的一个方面，所述方法包括测量所述电压信号。
在本发明的一个方面，使所述电压信号的所述基本分量衰减包括对所述电压信号的所述基本分量进行滤波。
在本发明的一个方面，对所述电压信号的所述基本分量进行滤波包括对所述电压信号的所述基本分量进行低通滤波。
在本发明的一个方面，所述方法包括比较所述最小值与所述预定阈值。
根据本发明，提供了一种机动车辆，其具有：牵引电池；以及车载电池充电器，所述车载电池充电器被配置为经由包括充电电路中断装置的充电线缆与非车载AC电网电连接，其中所述车载电池充电器包括电压传感器，所述电压传感器被配置为测量与来自所述AC电网的电力相关联的电压信号；滤波器，所述滤波器被配置为使所述电压信号的基本分量衰减，以生成具有对应于所述AC电网上的电压的偏置值的AC信号；比较器，所述比较器被配置为比较所述AC信号的最小值与预定阈值；以及控制器，所述控制器被配置为响应于所述最小值小于预定阈值而发出命令以断开所述充电电路中断装置的接触器。
根据一个实施例，所述车载电池充电器还包括整流器和非隔离DC-DC升压转换器，并且其中所述电压传感器连接在所述整流器和非隔离DC-DC升压转换器之间。
根据一个实施例，所述车载电池充电器还包括隔离DC-DC升压转换器和功率因数校正电路，所述功率因数校正电路连接在所述非隔离DC-DC升压转换器和隔离DC-DC升压转换器之间。
根据一个实施例，所述滤波器是低通滤波器。
根据一个实施例，所述车载电池充电器还包括置位复位锁存器，所述置位复位锁存器被配置为从所述比较器接收输入并且生成用于所述控制器的输出。

Claims (15)

1.一种机动车辆，其包括：
牵引电池；以及
车载电池充电器，所述车载电池充电器被配置为经由充电线缆与非车载AC电网电连接，所述充电线缆连接在所述机动车辆和所述AC电网之间并且包括充电电路中断装置，其中所述车载电池充电器还被配置为使与来自所述AC电网的电力相关联的电压信号的基本分量衰减，以生成具有对应于所述AC电网上的电压的偏置值的AC信号，并且响应于所述AC信号的最小值小于预定阈值而发出命令以断开所述充电电路中断装置的接触器。
2.如权利要求1所述的机动车辆，其中所述车载电池充电器包括整流器、非隔离DC-DC升压转换器以及电压传感器，所述电压传感器连接在所述整流器和所述非隔离DC-DC升压转换器之间并且被配置为测量所述电压信号。
3.如权利要求2所述的机动车辆，其中所述车载电池充电器还包括隔离DC-DC升压转换器和功率因数校正电路，所述功率因数校正电路连接在所述非隔离DC-DC升压转换器和所述隔离DC-DC升压转换器之间。
4.如权利要求1所述的机动车辆，其中所述车载电池充电器还包括滤波器，所述滤波器被配置为执行所述电压信号的所述基本分量的所述衰减。
5.如权利要求1所述的机动车辆，其中所述车载电池充电器还包括比较器，所述比较器被配置为比较所述最小值与所述预定阈值。
6.如权利要求1所述的机动车辆，其中所述车载电池充电器还包括控制器，所述控制器被配置为生成所述命令。
7.一种用于操作机动车辆的车载电池充电器的方法，其中所述车载电池充电器被配置为经由充电线缆与非车载AC电网电连接，所述充电线缆连接在所述机动车辆和所述AC电网之间并且包括充电电路中断装置，所述方法包括：
由所述车载电池充电器，
使与来自所述AC电网的电力相关联的电压信号的基本分量衰减，以生成具有对应于所述AC电网上的电压的偏置值的AC信号；以及
响应于所述AC信号的最小值小于预定阈值而发出命令以断开所述充电电路中断装置的接触器。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法，其还包括测量所述电压信号。
9.如权利要求7所述的方法，其中使所述电压信号的所述基本分量衰减包括对所述电压信号的所述基本分量进行滤波。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法，其中对所述电压信号的所述基本分量进行滤波包括对所述电压信号的所述基本分量进行低通滤波。
11.如权利要求7所述的方法，其还包括比较所述最小值与所述预定阈值。
12.一种机动车辆，其包括：
牵引电池；以及
车载电池充电器，所述车载电池充电器被配置为经由包括充电电路中断装置的充电线缆与非车载AC电网电连接，其中所述车载电池充电器包括：
电压传感器，所述电压传感器被配置为测量与来自所述AC电网的电力相关联的电压信号，
滤波器，所述滤波器被配置为使所述电压信号的基本分量衰减，以生成具有对应于所述AC电网上的电压的偏置值的AC信号，
比较器，所述比较器被配置为比较所述AC信号的最小值与预定阈值，以及
控制器，所述控制器被配置为响应于所述最小值小于预定阈值而发出命令以断开所述充电电路中断装置的接触器。
13.如权利要求12所述的机动车辆，其中所述车载电池充电器还包括整流器和非隔离DC-DC升压转换器，并且其中所述电压传感器连接在所述整流器和所述非隔离DC-DC升压转换器之间。
14.如权利要求13所述的机动车辆，其中所述车载电池充电器还包括隔离DC-DC升压转换器和功率因数校正电路，所述功率因数校正电路连接在所述非隔离DC-DC升压转换器和所述隔离DC-DC升压转换器之间。
15.如权利要求12所述的机动车辆，其中所述车载电池充电器还包括置位复位锁存器，所述置位复位锁存器被配置为从所述比较器接收输入并且生成用于所述控制器的输出。
CN202110014230.3A 2020-01-13 2021-01-06 由车载汽车电池充电器进行的基于电压的短路检测 Pending CN113113942A (zh)

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