CN113113565A - Negative plate and battery - Google Patents

Negative plate and battery Download PDF

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CN113113565A
CN113113565A CN202110371945.4A CN202110371945A CN113113565A CN 113113565 A CN113113565 A CN 113113565A CN 202110371945 A CN202110371945 A CN 202110371945A CN 113113565 A CN113113565 A CN 113113565A
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graphite
active material
material layer
battery
electrode sheet
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CN113113565B (en
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贺伟
彭冲
曾佳
李俊义
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Zhuhai Cosmx Battery Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139Processes of manufacture
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/386Silicon or alloys based on silicon
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625Carbon or graphite
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention provides a negative plate and a battery, wherein the negative plate comprises a current collector, a first active material layer and a second active material layer are sequentially coated on the current collector, and the first active material layer is positioned between the current collector and the second active material layer; the first active material layer includes a first graphite, the second active material layer includes a second graphite, the first graphite has a limit compacted density greater than that of the second graphite, and a specific surface area of the first graphite is smaller than that of the second graphite. The embodiment of the invention can give consideration to both the energy density and the rate capability of the battery.

Description

Negative plate and battery
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a negative plate and a battery.
Background
Nowadays, lithium ion batteries have become energy storage devices of mainstream electronic products, and the demand for energy density of lithium ion batteries is increasing more and more. For a lithium ion battery, the energy density and the rate capability of the lithium ion battery are in two opposite directions, and generally, the higher the energy density of the battery is, the lower the rate capability of the battery is. In the existing battery, a high compaction active material is adopted in the negative plate in order to increase the energy density of the battery, and the high compaction active material can reduce the rate performance of the battery. Therefore, a battery which can simultaneously achieve energy density and rate capability is lacked at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a negative plate and a battery, and aims to solve the problem that the battery in the prior art cannot give consideration to both energy density and rate performance.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a negative electrode sheet, including a current collector, on which a first active material layer and a second active material layer are sequentially coated, where the first active material layer is located between the current collector and the second active material layer;
the first active material layer includes a first graphite having an ultimate compacted density greater than that of the second graphite, and the second active material layer includes a second graphite having a specific surface area smaller than that of the first graphite.
Optionally, the specific surface area of the first graphite is 1-1.6 m2/g。
Optionally, the specific surface area of the second graphite is greater than or equal to 2.5m2/g。
Optionally, the first graphite has an ultimate compacted density of greater than or equal to 1.78g/cm3And/or the ultimate compacted density of the second graphite is less than 1.78g/cm3
Optionally, the porosity of the first graphite is less than the porosity of the second graphite.
OptionallyThe first graphite has a compacted density of 1.75g/cm3When the porosity is 22.3% -28.3%, and/or the second graphite has a compacted density of 1.75g/cm3The porosity of the second graphite is 25.9 to 31.9 percent
Optionally, the first active material layer further comprises a silicon oxygen material and/or a silicon carbon material.
Optionally, the second active material layer further includes the first graphite, and the second graphite accounts for 25% or more and less than 100% of the total mass of the first graphite and the second graphite.
Optionally, the area density ratio of the first active material layer to the second active material layer is 1: 4-4: 1.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention further provide a battery, including the negative electrode sheet according to the first aspect.
In the embodiment of the invention, the current collector of the pole piece can be coated with the first active material layer and the second active material layer in sequence, the first active material layer comprises the conventional first graphite, the specific surface area of the second graphite comprised by the second active material layer is larger than that of the first graphite, the second active material layer is more fully contacted with the electrolyte, the lithium intercalation capacity of the second active material layer can be effectively improved, namely, the rate capability of the battery is improved, and meanwhile, the limit compaction density of the first graphite in the first active material layer is larger than that of the second graphite, so that the energy density of the battery can be balanced, and the energy density and the rate capability of the battery are considered.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a pole piece provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a negative electrode sheet, including a current collector 100, wherein a first active material layer 200 and a second active material layer 300 are sequentially coated on the current collector 100, and the first active material layer 200 is located between the current collector 100 and the second active material layer 300;
the first active material layer 200 includes a first graphite, the second active material layer 300 includes a second graphite, the ultimate compacted density of the first graphite is greater than the ultimate compacted density of the second graphite, and the specific surface area of the first graphite is smaller than that of the second graphite.
The pore-forming technology is characterized in that a pore-forming agent is introduced in a heat treatment stage, and the addition amount and the escape rate are controlled to control the pore-forming size, so that a plurality of pores are formed on particles of a material. Tests show that the pore-forming technology can effectively improve the capacity and rate capability of the material.
The above pore forming technique can be applied to a negative electrode active material, and for a negative electrode sheet, graphite is generally used as an active material. In the embodiment of the present invention, the second graphite may be a porous graphite material formed by pore-forming, and the surface area per unit mass of the second graphite of the porous structure is increased accordingly, whereas the specific surface area of the first graphite needs to be higher than that of the second graphite because the first graphite needs to have a higher compacted density.
In the case of the negative electrode sheet, generally, during charge and discharge, there is a difference in the rate of lithium ion deintercalation in the longitudinal direction of the negative electrode sheet (i.e., in the thickness direction of the negative electrode sheet), i.e., the rate of lithium ion deintercalation of the active material near the negative electrode sheet current collector 100 is slower than the rate of lithium ion deintercalation of the active material far from the negative electrode sheet current collector 100. In order to increase the lithium ion deintercalation speed of the active material on the surface layer of the negative plate, in the embodiment of the invention, the surface layer may be coated with the second active material layer 300 containing the second graphite, and since the second graphite is processed by the pore-forming technology to form a plurality of pores, the contact area between the second graphite and the electrolyte is correspondingly increased, thereby increasing the deintercalation speed of the lithium ions of the active material on the surface layer of the negative plate, balancing the deintercalation speed of the lithium ions in the active materials on the surface layer and the inner layer of the negative plate, and further improving the rate performance of the battery.
Meanwhile, the limit compacted density of the first graphite is greater than that of the second graphite, and since the energy density of the battery made of the graphite material with the greater limit compacted density is greater, the first active material layer 200 located on the inner layer of the negative electrode sheet comprises the first graphite, the energy density of the battery can be balanced to a certain extent, namely, the energy density and the rate capability of the battery are both considered through two-layer coating.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a negative electrode sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention, where particles a are the second graphite and particles B are the first graphite.
In the embodiment of the invention, the first active material layer 200 and the second active material layer 300 may be sequentially coated on the current collector 100 of the negative electrode sheet, the first active material layer 200 includes conventional first graphite, and the specific surface area of the second graphite included in the second active material layer 300 is greater than that of the first graphite, so that the second active material layer 300 is more sufficiently contacted with an electrolyte, and the lithium intercalation capability of the second active material layer 300 may be effectively improved, that is, the rate capability of the battery is improved, and meanwhile, the limit compaction density of the first graphite in the first active material layer 200 is greater than that of the second graphite, so that the energy density of the battery may be balanced, and the energy density and the rate capability of the battery are both considered.
The specific surface area of the first graphite is generally determined by the particular graphite material selected, and in the present embodiment, the first graphite is selected from the group consisting of graphite, graphiteThe specific surface area of the ink may be 1 to 1.6m2/g。
Similarly, in the case where the second graphite is treated by the pore-forming technique, the specific surface area of the second graphite is generally determined by the pore size of the pores formed by the pore-forming technique, and can be set as needed. Specifically, the specific surface area of the second graphite may be 2.5m or more2/g。
As can be seen from the above, the compacted density of the first graphite affects the energy density of the battery, and in order to improve the rate capability of the battery while taking into account the energy density of the battery, the first graphite may be highly compacted graphite, that is, the ultimate compacted density of the first graphite may be 1.78g/cm or more3
The second graphite can be processed by pore-forming technology to form a plurality of pores, and the ultimate compacted density of the second graphite is smaller and can be less than 1.78g/cm3
It is to be understood that since the second graphite is processed by the pore-forming technique to form a plurality of pores, the porosity of the second graphite may be greater than the porosity of the first graphite. Specifically, the first graphite had a compacted density of 1.75g/cm3When used, the porosity may be 22.3% to 28.3%. And the second graphite has a compacted density of 1.75g/cm3In this case, the porosity of the second graphite may be 25.9% to 31.9%.
Optionally, in order to further improve the capacity of the negative electrode plate, a silicon-oxygen material and/or a silicon-carbon material may be further included in the first active material layer, and since the gram capacity of the silicon-based active material is generally higher than that of graphite, the capacity improvement of the negative electrode plate is realized. Specifically, the percentage of the silicon-based active material in the total mass may be 0 to 20%.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in order to further increase the energy density of the battery, the second active material layer 300 may also include the highly compacted first graphite. The mass fraction ratio of the first graphite to the second graphite may be set according to actual needs. Specifically, the percentage of the second graphite to the total mass of the first graphite and the second graphite is 25% or more and less than 100%. Accordingly, the percentage of the first graphite to the total mass of the first graphite and the second graphite is more than 0% and 75% or less.
Since the surface density of the active material layer also affects the rate performance, the cycle performance, and the like of the battery, in practical applications, the surface densities of the first active material layer 200 and the second active material layer 300 may be set according to practical needs. In an embodiment of the present invention, the areal density ratio of the first active material layer 200 to the second active material layer 300 may be 1:4 to 4: 1.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a battery, which comprises the negative plate in any embodiment.
Since the battery provided by the embodiment of the present invention adopts all the technical solutions of the above embodiments, at least all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above embodiments are achieved, and details are not repeated herein.
In order to better understand the invention, specific implementation procedures and beneficial effects of the invention are illustrated in the following by combining specific examples and comparative examples.
Example 1 was set up:
preparing a positive plate:
preparing bottom layer slurry: the positive electrode active material lithium cobaltate (LiCoO2), the conductive agent carbon black, the binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and the solvent N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) are uniformly mixed according to the weight ratio of 96:2.5:1.5:80 to obtain the positive electrode slurry to be coated. And uniformly coating the slurry on an aluminum foil current collector with the thickness of 13 mu m, and after the slurry is coated, drying the coated slurry to obtain the positive plate to be rolled.
Preparing a negative plate:
preparing surface layer slurry: adding conventional graphite, pore-forming graphite, a conductive agent, a binder carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) and deionized water into a stirrer according to a certain mass ratio, and mixing and stirring, wherein the mass fractions of the conventional graphite and the pore-forming graphite in the negative active material are respectively: 50%, 50 percent, and dispersing uniformly to obtain the surface layer cathode slurry to be coated. Preparing bottom layer slurry: adding conventional graphite, a conductive agent, a binder carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) and deionized water into a stirrer according to a certain mass ratio, mixing and stirring, wherein the conventional graphite is high-compaction graphite, and dispersing uniformly to obtain surface negative electrode slurry to be coated. Wherein the bottom layer conventional graphite and the surface layer conventional graphite are the same graphite, the gram capacity is 357mAh/g, the particle size D50 and the specific surface area are 14.5 mu m and 1.56m respectively2The ultimate compacted density can reach 1.78g/cm3, the gram capacity of the surface layer pore-forming graphite material reaches 365mAh/g, the particle size D50 and the specific surface area are respectively 15.3 mu m and 2.60m2/g。
And uniformly coating the bottom layer slurry on a copper foil current collector with the thickness of 8 mu m, simultaneously coating the surface layer slurry on the bottom layer slurry, wherein the density of the coated surface of the negative electrode is consistent with that of the bottom layer and the surface layer, and drying the coated surface to obtain the negative electrode piece to be rolled.
And (3) manufacturing a finished battery: the coated positive and negative pole pieces are baked and then are prepared by the steps of rolling, slitting, sheet making, winding, packaging, baking, liquid injection, formation and the like.
Examples 2 to 4:
the positive electrode sheet and the finished battery were produced in the same manner as in example 1.
The negative electrode sheet was fabricated as in example 1, except that: the mass ratio of the pore-forming graphite on the surface layer. The areal density ratio of the base and skin layers was 1:1, as shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003009654180000061
Examples 5 to 10:
the positive electrode sheet and the finished battery were produced in the same manner as in example 1.
The negative electrode sheet was fabricated as in example 1, except that: the areal density ratios of the base layer and the surface layer were different, and are specifically shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0003009654180000062
Figure BDA0003009654180000071
Example 11:
the positive electrode sheet and the finished battery were produced in the same manner as in example 1.
The negative electrode sheet was fabricated as in example 1, except that: the bottom layer uses 20% silicon material, which can be silicon-oxygen negative electrode material SiO or silicon-carbon negative electrode material SiC, as shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
Figure BDA0003009654180000072
Comparative example 1:
the positive electrode sheet and the finished battery were produced in the same manner as in example 1.
The negative plate does not use a double-layer coating technology, and the preparation of negative slurry comprises the following steps: adding conventional graphite, pore-forming graphite, a conductive agent, a binder carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) and deionized water into a stirrer according to a certain mass ratio, mixing and stirring, and dispersing uniformly to obtain the negative electrode slurry to be coated. Wherein the conventional graphite has a gram capacity of 357mAh/g, a particle size D50 and specific surface areas of 14.5 μm and 1.56m2The ultimate compacted density can reach 1.78g/cm 3.
And uniformly coating the slurry on a copper foil current collector with the thickness of 8 mu m, and drying the coated copper foil current collector to obtain the negative plate to be rolled.
And (3) manufacturing a finished battery: the coated positive and negative pole pieces are baked and then are prepared by the steps of rolling, slitting, sheet making, winding, packaging, baking, liquid injection, formation and the like.
The following performance tests were performed for the above examples 1 to 10 and comparative example 1:
(1) cell capacity, thickness and energy density test
Fully charging the prepared battery at a constant current and a constant voltage at 25 ℃, then discharging to 3.0V at 0.2 ℃, and recording the discharged capacity as the battery capacity;
the prepared battery is charged to 50% SOC at 25 ℃, and the thickness of the battery is tested by using 500g of PPG;
calculating the volume energy density (cell capacity) and the platform voltage/length/width/thickness of the cell, and regarding the 4.45V system, the platform voltage is uniformly considered to be 3.87V;
(2) rate capability test
Charging the prepared battery at different multiplying powers of 0.2C, 0.5C, 1.5C and 3C at 25 ℃, and recording constant current rush-in ratio data during charging;
(3) cycle testing
Carrying out a charge-discharge cycle test of 1.5C/0.7C on the prepared battery at the temperature of 25 ℃;
the prepared battery is subjected to a charge-discharge cycle test of 1.5C/0.7C at the temperature of 45 ℃.
The test results are shown in tables 4, 5 and 6:
TABLE 4
Figure BDA0003009654180000081
TABLE 5
0.2C 0.5C 1.5C 2C 3C
Comparative example 1 77.01% 72.41% 57.21% 43.31% 24.81%
Example 1 82.50% 76.08% 63.13% 49.32% 30.47%
Example 2 83.70% 77.22% 64.58% 50.01% 32.08%
Example 3 80.25% 76.25% 62.56% 48.16% 28.48%
Example 4 85.97% 79.62% 67.15% 53.11% 35.78%
Example 5 83.87% 77.82% 64.85% 50.75% 32.89%
Example 6 84.47% 78.12% 65.05% 51.75% 33.09%
Example 7 84.98% 78.92% 65.85% 52.36% 34.39%
Example 8 80.76% 75.16% 62.16% 47.76% 28.96%
Example 9 79.25% 75.01% 61.55% 46.88% 27.75%
Example 10 78.44% 74.16% 60.87% 45.97% 27.04%
Example 11 82.6% 76.47% 63.66% 50.1% 31.65%
TABLE 6
Figure BDA0003009654180000091
As can be seen from Table 4, the cell capacity increased and the cell thickness increased as the amount of the pore-forming graphite increased, and the energy density of example 4 was 726.4Wh/L or the cell capacity was highest. In contrast, in example 11, the energy density of the silicon anode material used in the bottom layer was as high as 729 Wh/L.
As can be seen from table 5, the constant current rush-in ratio of different multiplying powers of the battery is optimal in example 4, and the constant current rush-in ratio of different multiplying powers of comparative example 1 is smaller than those in examples 1 to 11, that is, the bottom layer material is conventional graphite, and the surface layer graphite is the negative electrode sheet of the pore-forming graphite, so that the constant current rush-in ratio of different multiplying powers of the battery can be improved.
After the 25-degree cycle of 800T and the 45-degree cycle of 500T, the capacity retention rates of the comparative example 1 and the examples 1-11 are shown in Table 6, and it can be seen that the cycle performance of the example 4 is optimal, that is, the bottom layer material is conventional graphite, the surface layer graphite is pore-forming graphite, the cycle performance of the other examples is related to the usage amount of the pore-forming graphite, and the more the pore-forming graphite is, the better the performance is.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. The negative plate is characterized by comprising a current collector, wherein a first active material layer and a second active material layer are sequentially coated on the current collector, and the first active material layer is positioned between the current collector and the second active material layer;
the first active material layer includes a first graphite, the second active material layer includes a second graphite, the first graphite has a limit compacted density greater than that of the second graphite, and a specific surface area of the first graphite is smaller than that of the second graphite.
2. The negative electrode sheet according to claim 1, wherein the specific surface area of the first graphite is 1 to 1.6m2/g。
3. Negative electrode sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that the specific surface area of the second graphite is greater than or equal to 2.5m2/g。
4. The negative electrode sheet of claim 1, wherein the first graphite has an ultimate compacted density of greater than or equal to 1.78g/cm3And/or the ultimate compacted density of the second graphite is less than 1.78g/cm3
5. Negative electrode sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that the porosity of the first graphite is smaller than the porosity of the second graphite.
6. The negative electrode sheet of claim 5, wherein the first graphite has a compacted density of 1.75g/cm3When the porosity is 22.3% -28.3%, and/or the second graphite has a compacted density of 1.75g/cm3When the second graphite is used, the porosity of the second graphite is 25.9% -31.9%.
7. The negative electrode sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first active material layer further comprises a silicon oxygen material and/or a silicon carbon material.
8. The positive electrode sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the second active material layer further comprises the first graphite, and the second graphite accounts for 25% or more and less than 100% of the total mass of the first graphite and the second graphite.
9. The positive electrode sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the areal density ratio of the first active material layer to the second active material layer is from 1:4 to 4: 1.
10. A battery comprising the negative electrode sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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CN111628141A (en) * 2020-07-16 2020-09-04 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 Silicon-doped negative pole piece and lithium ion battery comprising same
CN112310346A (en) * 2020-11-03 2021-02-02 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 Negative plate for polymer lithium ion battery with ultrahigh energy density
CN112310347A (en) * 2020-11-03 2021-02-02 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 Lithium ion battery with high energy density and charging capacity

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114156437A (en) * 2021-11-19 2022-03-08 浙江南都电源动力股份有限公司 High-area-density lithium battery negative plate, preparation method and lithium battery
CN114497438A (en) * 2022-01-07 2022-05-13 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 Negative plate and battery comprising same
CN114497438B (en) * 2022-01-07 2024-04-26 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 Negative plate and battery comprising same

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