CN113111497A - TBM rock breaking efficiency evaluation method based on rock ballast particle size distribution rule - Google Patents

TBM rock breaking efficiency evaluation method based on rock ballast particle size distribution rule Download PDF

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CN113111497A
CN113111497A CN202110320352.5A CN202110320352A CN113111497A CN 113111497 A CN113111497 A CN 113111497A CN 202110320352 A CN202110320352 A CN 202110320352A CN 113111497 A CN113111497 A CN 113111497A
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闫长斌
李高留
杨继华
汪鹤健
杨风威
张兵
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Zhengzhou University
State Key Laboratory of Shield Machine and Boring Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a TBM rock breaking efficiency evaluation method based on a rock ballast particle size distribution rule, which comprises the following steps: s1, measuring and screening rock slag of a certain TBM tunneling section on a TBM construction site, and calculating the total surface area of the rock slag of the tunneling section; s2, calculating an effective rock breaking ratio based on the total surface area of rock fragments, and evaluating the rock breaking efficiency of the TBM by utilizing the effective rock breaking ratio; the effective rock breaking ratio is the percentage of the sum of the surface areas of rock fragments with the particle size of more than 5mm to the sum of the surface areas of the rock fragments with the full-grade particle size. The effective rock breaking ratio based on the total surface area of rock fragments provided by the invention eliminates the interference of the content of the rock fragments with small particle size when the total surface area index of the rock fragments is calculated, retains the advantage that the roughness index utilizes the content of the rock fragments with larger particle size, and avoids the defects existing in the calculation of the roughness index, thereby being capable of better and more accurately describing the rock breaking efficiency of TBM.

Description

TBM rock breaking efficiency evaluation method based on rock ballast particle size distribution rule
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a TBM rock breaking efficiency evaluation method based on a rock ballast particle size distribution rule.
Background
According to the rock crushing theory [1], the shape size and the particle size distribution of rock fragments formed by cutting face rocks by a hob in the tunneling process of a rock Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) are closely related to the mechanical energy utilization rate and the rock breaking efficiency of the hob, can directly reflect a rock-machine action mechanism, and is an important external expression of various information such as mechanical performance, geological conditions, tunneling parameters and the like. At present, rock ballast information becomes an important means for identifying the construction geology and the surrounding rock quality of the TBM [2-3 ]. Therefore, the shape, the particle size and the distribution characteristics of rock slag can intuitively and comprehensively feed back the rock breaking efficiency of the TBM, and the rock breaking efficiency of the TBM is one of the most important indexes for evaluating the economic benefit of tunnel construction of the TBM [4 ].
Researchers have conducted a great deal of research on the relationship between the distribution of the particle size of rock fragments and the rock breaking efficiency of the TBM by utilizing an indoor linear cutting test and a field tunneling test. The research shows that the roughness index is an effective parameter for representing the rock breaking efficiency of the TBM [4], and a correlation between the roughness index and the specific energy is established based on an indoor linear cutting test.
The roughness index is calculated by analyzing the particle size distribution of rock slag according to screening test data to obtain the accumulated screen residue rate of each screen, and then adding the accumulated screen residue rates of the screens, wherein the specific calculation expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0002992562080000011
CI=∑Xi (2)
in the formulae (1) and (2), WiThe total mass of rock slag with a particle size larger than a certain particle size is obtained by a field screening test; wtThe total mass of rock slag is adopted in a field screening test; xiIs the cumulative percent screen residue greater than a certain particle size; CI is the roughness index of rock slag.
When the rock breaking efficiency is high, more rock slices are generated, less rock powder is generated, and the roughness index is larger at the moment. Conversely, when the rock breaking efficiency is low, the number of rock fragments produced is small, while the number of rock dust is large, and the roughness index is small.
The specific energy is the work required by cutting the rock in unit volume, the specific energy is an important index for measuring the rock breaking efficiency of the TBM, which is calculated through data fed back in the construction process, and the smaller the specific energy is, the smaller the energy required for breaking the rock in unit volume is, and the higher the rock breaking efficiency is. The calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002992562080000021
in the formula (3), SE is specific energy, FvThe average thrust of the TBM during tunneling is l, the tunneling distance of the TBM in a certain period is l, the average torque of the TBM during tunneling is M, the angle theta of rotation of the hob is theta, and the radius R of the excavated tunnel is R.
Specific energy indexes under different TBM working conditions can be calculated by using relevant data on site and the formula (3).
The roughness index and the specific energy can both reflect the rock breaking efficiency, and research results show that the specific energy is reduced along with the increase of the roughness index, so that the rock breaking efficiency can be judged by analyzing the size and the shape of the slag when the specific energy cannot be calculated on an actual construction site. However, the roughness index is mainly insufficient in describing the rock breaking efficiency of the TBM as follows: the calculation method of the roughness index in describing the rock breaking efficiency has defects. As can be seen from the formulas (1) to (2), the roughness index is obtained by accumulating the accumulated screen residue ratio under each pore size, so that the rock residue content with larger particle size is repeatedly calculated for many times, and the rock residue content with smaller particle size participates in the calculation for a smaller number of times, even only once. That is to say, the calculation method amplifies the influence of the rock ballast content with larger grain size (5 mm) on the calculation result, and relatively weakens the influence of the rock ballast content with smaller grain size (less than or equal to 5mm and containing rock powder). In fact, the content of rock fragments with different particle sizes is not uniformly increased or decreased along with the particle size, and the roughness index cannot correctly reflect the particle size distribution condition of the rock fragments under the condition that the content of the rock fragments with the middle particle size is large or the content of the rock fragments with the particle sizes at two ends is large, which is not in accordance with the actual condition.
Reference to the literature
[1] Xu xiao he, linger. rock fragmentation [ M ]. beijing: coal industry publishers, 1984.
[2] Sun Jinshan, Luwenbo, Sulijun, et al, rock mass quality index identification based on TBM tunneling parameters and slag characteristics [ J ]. report on geotechnical engineering, 2008,30(12): 1847-.
[3] Lexanthus, glutting, Dingjianhuan, and the like, TBM construction tunnel surrounding rock level division discussion [ J ] engineering geology report, 2010,18(5): 730-.
[4]H.Tuncdemir,N.Bilgin,H.Copur,C.Balci.Control of rock cutting efficiency by muck size[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2008,45:278-288
[5] Yan long bin, Jiangdai, TBM rock breaking efficiency analysis [ J ] based on rock slag particle size distribution rules, in geotechnical engineering reports, 2019, 41 (3): 466-474.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for evaluating the rock breaking efficiency of a TBM (Tunnel boring machine) based on a rock ballast particle size distribution rule so as to accurately describe the rock breaking efficiency of the TBM.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a TBM rock breaking efficiency evaluation method based on a rock ballast particle size distribution rule comprises the following steps:
s1, measuring and screening rock slag of a certain TBM tunneling section on a TBM construction site, and calculating the total surface area of the rock slag of the tunneling section;
s2, calculating an effective rock breaking ratio based on the total surface area of rock fragments, and evaluating the rock breaking efficiency of the TBM by utilizing the effective rock breaking ratio; the effective rock breaking ratio is the percentage of the sum of the surface areas of rock fragments with the particle size of more than 5mm to the sum of the surface areas of the rock fragments with the full-grade particle size.
In step S1, when calculating the total surface area of rock ballast in the TBM tunneling segment, regarding the rock ballast with a particle size of less than or equal to 5mm as a cube, and assuming that the rock ballast with a particle size of more than 5mm is an ellipsoid;
surface area of single rock slag particles with particle size less than or equal to 5mm
Figure BDA0002992562080000031
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002992562080000032
particle size>Surface area of individual ballast particles of 5mm
Figure BDA0002992562080000033
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002992562080000034
the total surface area S of rock slag of the TBM tunneling sectionTComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002992562080000035
wherein a, b and c are respectively the major axis, the minor axis and the thickness of an ellipsoid, DpIs the size of the sieve, R (D)p) Is the residual mass percentage on the sieve;
Figure BDA0002992562080000036
the sum of the surface areas of the rock fragments with the grain diameter less than or equal to 5mm is expressed,
Figure BDA0002992562080000037
indicates the particle diameter>Sum of rock ballast surface areas of 5mm, DmaxRepresenting the maximum particle size of the rock ballast.
In step S2, the effective rock breaking ratio P is:
Figure BDA0002992562080000038
adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in:
the shape, size and particle size distribution rule of rock slag are important indexes for comprehensively reflecting the rock breaking efficiency of the TBM, and are also important relations between TBM tunneling parameters and rock properties. The effective rock breaking ratio based on the total surface area of rock fragments provided by the invention highlights the influence of the content of the rock fragments with larger particle sizes, abandons the interference of the content of ineffective rock fragments with small particle sizes and is more beneficial to describing the rock breaking efficiency of TBM. In addition, the effective rock breaking ratio index keeps the advantage that the roughness index describes the rock breaking efficiency by utilizing the content of rock fragments with larger particle sizes, simultaneously avoids the problem that the roughness index repeatedly calculates the content of the rock fragments with larger particle sizes, and is more in line with the actual situation, so that the TBM rock breaking efficiency can be described more accurately.
And finally, based on a field rock residue screening test, through comparative analysis of the effective rock breaking ratio under different rock conditions on the field and the relation between the roughness index and the specific energy, the effective rock breaking ratio evaluation index is verified to be more suitable for describing the TBM rock breaking efficiency. Therefore, the method can provide scientific reference basis for TBM tunneling parameter optimization and TBM tunneling efficiency improvement under different rock conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plot of roughness index versus specific energy under hard rock conditions;
FIG. 2 is a plot of effective rock breaking ratio versus specific energy under hard rock conditions;
FIG. 3 is a plot of roughness index versus specific energy for soft rock and poor integrity hard rock conditions;
FIG. 4 is a plot of effective breaking ratio versus specific energy for soft rock and poor integrity hard rock conditions.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a TBM rock breaking efficiency evaluation method based on a rock ballast particle size distribution rule, which comprises the following steps of:
s1, measuring and screening rock slag of a certain TBM tunneling section on a TBM construction site, and calculating the total surface area of the rock slag of the tunneling section.
In step S1, when calculating the total surface area of the rock fragments in the TBM excavation section, the rock fragments with the particle size of less than or equal to 5mm are regarded as cubes, and assuming that the rock fragments with the particle size of more than 5mm are regarded as ellipsoids, the surface areas of the individual rock fragment particles with the two particle sizes are calculated according to the following formula.
Surface area of single rock slag particles with particle size less than or equal to 5mm
Figure BDA0002992562080000041
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002992562080000042
particle size>Surface area of individual ballast particles of 5mm
Figure BDA0002992562080000043
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002992562080000044
the total surface area S of rock slag of the TBM tunneling sectionTComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002992562080000045
wherein a, b and c are respectively the major axis, the minor axis and the thickness of an ellipsoid, DpThe size of the rock ballast, i.e. the size of the sieve, R (D)p) Is the residual mass percentage on the sieve;
Figure BDA0002992562080000046
the sum of the surface areas of the rock fragments with the grain diameter less than or equal to 5mm is expressed,
Figure BDA0002992562080000047
indicates the particle diameter>Sum of rock ballast surface areas of 5mm, DmaxRepresenting the maximum particle size of the rock ballast.
The major axis a of the ellipsoid, the minor axis b of the ellipsoid and the thickness c of the ellipsoid can be obtained by measuring, counting and analyzing the sizes of a large number of ellipsoid-shaped rock fragments generated in the TBM tunneling process under different lithological conditions, and the rules of the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis and the ratio of the major axis to the thickness under different lithological conditions can be obtained by statistical analysis of a large number of measured data according to engineering experience and literature [5 ].
S2, calculating an effective rock breaking ratio based on the total surface area of rock fragments, and evaluating the rock breaking efficiency of the TBM by utilizing the effective rock breaking ratio; the effective rock breaking ratio is the percentage of the sum of the surface areas of rock fragments with the particle size of more than 5mm to the sum of the surface areas of the rock fragments with the full-grade particle size.
In step S2, the effective rock breaking ratio P is:
Figure BDA0002992562080000051
theoretical analysis of the size distribution of rock slag generally uses two methods: the method is characterized in that an accumulative probability analysis method is similar to a soil particle analysis method, a grading curve can be obtained, and the distribution rule of rock slag particle sizes is described on the whole; and secondly, performing fitting analysis on the actually measured rock ballast screening data to evaluate whether the theoretically distributed function or the model is met. Among the rock fragment size analysis functions, the most widely used ones are Rosin-Rammler distribution function, Gandin-Schuhmann distribution function, and lognormal distribution. Researches show that Rosin-Rammler distribution functions can better describe the rock slag particle size distribution no matter blasting excavation or TBM tunneling.
The mathematical expression of Rosin-Rammler distribution function is as follows:
R(Dp)=1-exp[-b(Dp)a] (8)
in the formula (8), R (D)P) Is the residual mass percentage on the sieve, DPThe parameter a is a uniform distribution constant, which indicates the degree of uniformity of the distribution of the rock ballast particles. Generally, the smaller the uniform distribution constant a is, the wider the distribution range of the rock slag particle size is, the more uniform the particle size distribution is, otherwise, the more non-uniform the particle size distribution is; the parameter b is the fitting constant.
According to a disc cutter rock breaking mechanism, on-site screening tests are carried out on TBM rock fragments of a water delivery tunnel in Wananxi diversion projects in Longyan city of Fujian province and Lanzhou water source construction projects, the particle size distribution rule of the TBM rock fragments under the conditions of different lithologies and different tunneling parameters is obtained, and the obtained related data are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 TBM rock-slag roughness index, effective rock-breaking ratio and specific energy under different conditions
Figure BDA0002992562080000052
The specific energy is an important index for measuring the rock breaking efficiency of the TBM, which is obtained by calculating data fed back in the construction process, and the specific energy index under different TBM working conditions can be calculated by using relevant data on site and the formula (3). Since both the roughness index and the effective rock breaking ratio can reflect the rock breaking efficiency of the TBM, the relation between the roughness index and the effective rock breaking ratio and the specific energy under different lithological conditions is analyzed by using the related data in the attached table 1, and the relation between which parameter can be better described and the specific energy is compared.
Since the degree of rock hardness and the surrounding rock integrity level have a certain influence on the specific energy, the relationship between the roughness index and the effective rock breaking ratio and the specific energy is divided into two cases of hard rock and soft rock and hard rock having poor integrity according to the degree of rock hardness and the surrounding rock integrity level given in the attached table 1, and the two cases are respectively plotted, as shown in fig. 1 to 4.
As can be seen from the comparison between fig. 1 and fig. 2, and between fig. 3 and fig. 4: (1) when the lithology is hard rock, the specific energy is reduced along with the increase of the roughness index and the effective rock breaking ratio, the linear fitting coefficient between the roughness index and the specific energy is 0.835, the linear fitting coefficient between the effective rock breaking ratio and the specific energy is 0.924, and the comparison shows that the effective rock breaking ratio is 8.9% higher than the linear fitting coefficient between the roughness index and the specific energy. (2) When the lithology is soft rock and hard rock with poor integrity, the specific energy is reduced along with the increase of the roughness index and the effective rock breaking ratio, the linear fitting coefficient between the roughness index and the specific energy is 0.820, and the linear fitting coefficient between the effective rock breaking ratio and the specific energy is 0.934, and the comparison shows that the effective rock breaking ratio is 11.4 percent higher than the linear fitting coefficient of the roughness index and the specific energy. (3) Therefore, whether the lithology is hard rock or soft rock and hard rock with poor integrity, the effective rock breaking ratio roughness index can be better described and the relation between the effective energy and the specific energy, so that the effective rock breaking ratio can be proved to better reflect the TBM rock breaking efficiency than the roughness index.

Claims (3)

1. A TBM rock breaking efficiency evaluation method based on a rock ballast particle size distribution rule is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, measuring and screening rock slag of a certain TBM tunneling section on a TBM construction site, and calculating the total surface area of the rock slag of the tunneling section;
s2, calculating an effective rock breaking ratio based on the total surface area of rock fragments, and evaluating the rock breaking efficiency of the TBM by utilizing the effective rock breaking ratio; the effective rock breaking ratio is the percentage of the sum of the surface areas of rock fragments with the particle size of more than 5mm to the sum of the surface areas of the rock fragments with the full-grade particle size.
2. The method for evaluating the rock breaking efficiency of the TBM based on the distribution rule of the particle sizes of rock fragments as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S1, when the total surface area of rock slag in the TBM tunneling section is calculated, the rock slag with the particle size less than or equal to 5mm is regarded as a cube, and the rock slag with the particle size more than 5mm is assumed to be regarded as an ellipsoid;
surface area of single rock slag particles with particle size less than or equal to 5mm
Figure FDA0002992562070000011
Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002992562070000012
particle size>Surface area of individual ballast particles of 5mm
Figure FDA0002992562070000013
Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002992562070000014
the total surface area S of rock slag of the TBM tunneling sectionTComprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002992562070000015
wherein a, b and c are respectively the major axis, the minor axis and the thickness of an ellipsoid, DpIs the size of the sieve, R (D)p) Is the residual mass percentage on the sieve;
Figure FDA0002992562070000016
the sum of the surface areas of the rock fragments with the grain diameter less than or equal to 5mm is expressed,
Figure FDA0002992562070000017
indicates the particle diameter>Sum of rock ballast surface areas of 5mm, DmaxRepresenting the maximum particle size of the rock ballast.
3. The method for evaluating the rock breaking efficiency of the TBM based on the distribution rule of the particle sizes of rock fragments as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S2, the effective rock breaking ratio P is:
Figure FDA0002992562070000018
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