CN113109230B - Novel earth and rockfill dam construction material seepage deformation test system and method - Google Patents
Novel earth and rockfill dam construction material seepage deformation test system and method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 201
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical tests of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and discloses a novel system and a method for testing seepage deformation of dam building materials of an earth-rock dam.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical tests of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, and particularly relates to a novel system and a method for testing seepage deformation of an earth-rock dam building material.
Background
With the technical development of the face rockfill dam, indoor test verification needs to be carried out on the permeation stability and safety of various primary-grade filling materials. The existing indoor penetration test has many defects, specifically: (1) Because the particle size of the coarse-grained soil of the primary grading filling material is large, the conventional penetration test device has smaller permeameter size and lower strength and rigidity, and cannot meet the requirement of a high-water head test of the primary grading filling material of the concrete faced rockfill dam; (2) The conventional permeameter vertical permeability test and the conventional permeameter horizontal permeability test adopt two sets of different test devices, and the comparability of test results is poor; (3) Along with the increase of the grain size of the sample, the influence of the side wall streaming effect of the inner wall of the permeameter is increased, and the distortion of the test result is easily caused; (4) The conventional penetration test has the problems that the test water head pressure is small, the water supply equipment and the measuring equipment are manually operated, the water pressure in a permeameter is difficult to keep stable, the measurement precision of the penetration flow is difficult to guarantee, the data acquisition efficiency is low and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides a novel system and a method for testing seepage deformation of an earth-rock dam building material, and solves the problems in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a novel earth and rockfill dam material infiltration deformation test system, includes water storage box, flood peak water supply pressure device, multipurpose infiltration appearance, infiltration volume measuring device, sedimentation tank and control assembly, and water storage box's output is connected flood peak water supply pressure device, and multipurpose infiltration appearance is connected to water peak water supply pressure device's output, and infiltration volume measuring device is connected to the output of multipurpose infiltration appearance, and sedimentation tank is connected to infiltration volume measuring device's output, and the input of water storage box is connected to the output of sedimentation tank, flood peak water supply pressure device, multipurpose infiltration appearance and infiltration volume measuring device are connected with the control assembly electricity respectively.
Preferably, the input end of the water storage tank is connected with a water supply pipeline through a water supply pipe, and the output end of the water storage tank is connected with a water head water supply pressurizing device through a connecting water pipe.
Preferably, the water head water supply pressurizing device comprises a water pump combination unit, a pressure transmitter, an electric regulating valve, a secondary pressure reducing valve, a pressure-resistant seamless steel pipe, an permeameter water inlet valve and a water head water supply control assembly, the output end of the water storage tank is connected with the water pump combination unit through a connecting water pipe, the output end of the water pump combination unit is connected with the permeameter water inlet valve through the pressure-resistant seamless steel pipe, the output end of the permeameter water inlet valve is connected with a multipurpose permeameter, the pressure transmitter is arranged on the pressure-resistant seamless steel pipe between the water pump combination unit and the permeameter water inlet valve, the output end of the water pump combination unit is further connected with the electric regulating valve, the output end of the electric regulating valve is connected with the secondary pressure reducing valve, the output end of the secondary pressure reducing valve is connected with the input end of the water storage tank, the water pump combination unit, the pressure transmitter and the electric regulating valve are respectively electrically connected with the water head water supply control assembly, and the water supply control assembly is electrically connected with the control assembly.
Preferably, the water pump combination unit is formed by connecting six sets of single-pump pressurizing assemblies in parallel, namely a first set of single-pump pressurizing assembly, a second set of single-pump pressurizing assembly, a third set of single-pump pressurizing assembly, a fourth set of single-pump pressurizing assembly, a fifth set of single-pump pressurizing assembly and a sixth set of single-pump pressurizing assembly, wherein each set of single-pump pressurizing assembly is formed by connecting and assembling a water inlet valve, a water pump and a check valve sequentially through a water pressure pipeline; the first set of single-pump pressurizing assembly is formed by sequentially connecting and assembling a first water inlet valve, a first water pump and a first check valve; the second set of single-pump pressurizing assembly is sequentially connected and assembled by a second water inlet valve, a second water pump and a second check valve; the third set of single-pump pressurizing assembly is formed by sequentially connecting and assembling a third water inlet valve, a third water pump and a third check valve; the fourth set of single-pump pressurizing assembly is formed by sequentially connecting and assembling a fourth water inlet valve, a fourth water pump and a fourth check valve; the fifth set of single-pump pressurizing assembly is formed by sequentially connecting and assembling a fifth water inlet valve, a fifth water pump and a fifth check valve; the sixth set of single-pump pressurizing assembly is formed by sequentially connecting and assembling a sixth water inlet valve, a sixth water pump and a sixth check valve, the water pump and the check valve are respectively and electrically connected with the water head water supply control assembly, and the check valves are respectively and mechanically connected with the pressure-resistant seamless steel pipe through flanges; the water pump combination unit is configured in a multistage pump cascade mode, wherein the water head lift of a first water pump is 1.5-61m, the water head lift of a second water pump is 61-101m, the water head lift of a third water pump is 101-162m, the water head lift of a fourth water pump is 162-203m, the water head lifts of a fifth water pump and a sixth water pump are 203-350m, and the water pump combination unit provides a continuous and stable water pressurizing head in an interval of 0-350m through the control of a control assembly.
Preferably, the multipurpose permeameter comprises a water inlet cavity, a sample box body, a water outlet cavity, a bottom coating adhesive layer formed by coating a bottom coating adhesive and a water swelling material rubber putty layer formed by coating water swelling material rubber putty, wherein the bottom coating adhesive is uniformly coated on the inner wall of the sample box body to form the bottom coating adhesive layer, the water swelling material rubber putty is uniformly coated on the bottom coating adhesive layer to form the water swelling material rubber putty layer, the number of the sections of the sample box body is one, two or more, the water inlet cavity, the sample box body and the water outlet cavity are sequentially assembled through flange connection along the horizontal or vertical direction, the water outlet cavity is connected with a water seepage amount measuring device, a water permeable plate is arranged at the joint of the water inlet cavity, the sample box body and the water outlet cavity, and when the water inlet cavity, the sample box body and the water outlet cavity are sequentially connected along the horizontal direction, a horizontal permeation test is carried out; and when the water inlet end cavity, the sample box body and the water outlet end cavity are sequentially connected along the vertical direction, a vertical penetration test is performed.
Preferably, the water inlet end cavity is composed of a vertical penetration test water inlet, a horizontal penetration test water inlet, an exhaust pipe and a water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure, the vertical penetration test water inlet is vertically welded to the lower side of the left end face of the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure, the horizontal penetration test water inlet is vertically welded to the lower end face of the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure, the exhaust pipe is vertically welded to the upper end face of the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure, and the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure is a square cavity; the left end face of the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure is provided with a vertical penetration support, when a water inlet end cavity, a sample box body and a water outlet end cavity are sequentially connected along the vertical direction, the water inlet end cavity is arranged at the lowest end, the water outlet end cavity is arranged at the uppermost end, and the vertical penetration support is in contact with a fixed base or the ground to perform a vertical penetration test; the water outlet end cavity is composed of a vertical penetration test water outlet, a horizontal penetration test water outlet, a sand discharge pipe and a water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure, wherein the vertical penetration test water outlet is vertically welded on the upper end surface of the water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure, the horizontal penetration test water outlet is vertically welded on the right side of the vertical penetration test water outlet, the sand discharge pipe is vertically welded on the lower end surface of the water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure, and the water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure is a square cavity.
Preferably, the sample box body comprises a box body main body, a cover plate and a permeameter base, the lower end face of the box body main body is arranged on the permeameter base, the upper end face of the box body main body is fixedly connected with the cover plate, the sample box body is of a square structure, the length of the sample box body is 1 to 3m, the cross section of the sample box body is 1m multiplied by 1m, pressure measuring holes are uniformly distributed on the front side face and the rear side face of the box body main body and used for embedding pressure measuring extension pipes, the pressure measuring extension pipes are externally connected with pressure sensors, the pressure sensors are electrically connected with a control assembly, the base coating adhesive layer and the water swelling material rubber putty layer are sequentially coated on the inner walls of the front side, the rear side and the bottom side of the box body main body, and the base coating adhesive layer and the water swelling material rubber putty layer are sequentially coated on the inner wall of the cover plate close to the inner cavity of the box body main body; the box body and the cover plate are both steel plates, and rib plates are welded on the outer sides of the box body and the cover plate; the outer edge of the box body is connected with the edge of the cover plate through a full perforation by a first near edge perforation bolt, grooves are arranged at corresponding positions of the outer edge of the box body and the inner side of the cover plate close to the first near edge perforation bolt, and first water stop rubber rings are arranged in the two corresponding grooves; the upstream and downstream end surfaces of the box body main body are respectively connected with a flange joint, the upstream and downstream edges of the cover plate are connected with the flange joints through screw cap bolts in the steel plate, grooves are arranged at corresponding positions of the inner sides of the cover plate and the flange joints close to the screw cap bolts in the steel plate, and second water stop rubber rings are arranged in the two corresponding grooves; the flange joints of the two adjacent box bodies are connected through full through holes of second edge through hole bolts, grooves are formed in corresponding positions, close to the inner sides of the second edge through hole bolts, of the two flange joints, third water stop rubber rings are arranged in the two corresponding grooves, and the thickness of the flange joints ranges from 30 mm to 40mm; the water permeable plate is formed by welding water permeable rib plates outside an open-pore steel plate, the water permeable rib plates are arranged in a square shape, the diameter of an open pore of the water permeable plate ranges from 5 mm to 10mm, and the opening rate ranges from 16% to 20%; the coating thickness of the primer binder layer is 0.3 to 0.8mm, the primer binder is selected from HYT epoxy primer, and the coating thickness of the water-swellable material rubber putty layer is 2 to 6mm.
Preferably, the water seepage amount measuring device comprises a water inlet pipe, an electromagnetic flowmeter, a water outlet valve, a measuring cylinder water outlet, a switch valve, a communicating pipe, a water outlet pipe, a large measuring cylinder, a small measuring cylinder, a magnetic turning plate remote level meter, a measuring cylinder base, a small measuring cylinder water outlet valve and a large measuring cylinder water outlet valve, wherein one end of the water inlet pipe is connected with the water outlet end cavity, the other end of the water inlet pipe is connected with the measuring cylinder water outlet, the electromagnetic flowmeter and the water outlet valve are arranged on a pipeline between the water inlet pipe and the measuring cylinder water outlet, the large measuring cylinder and the small measuring cylinder are respectively and vertically fixed on the measuring cylinder base, the large measuring cylinder and the small measuring cylinder are communicated through the communicating pipe, the switch valve is arranged on the communicating pipe, the small measuring cylinder is connected with the magnetic turning plate remote level meter, the magnetic turning plate remote level meter and the electromagnetic flowmeter are respectively and electrically connected with the control assembly, the bottoms of the large measuring cylinder and the small measuring cylinder are respectively connected with the sedimentation tank through the water outlet pipe, the large measuring cylinder and the small measuring cylinder water outlet valve are respectively arranged above the large measuring cylinder water outlet pipe and the small measuring cylinder.
Preferably, control assembly includes PLC cabinet, computer, signal cable and based on the operating system of FLC software development, wherein installs in the computer based on the operating system of FLC software development, is provided with converter and digital display pressure transmitter in the PLC cabinet, wherein converter and digital display pressure transmitter are connected with the operating system based on FLC software development respectively, converter and digital display pressure transmitter pass through signal cable and water head water supply pressure device, multipurpose infiltration appearance and infiltration volume measuring device are connected.
Preferably, the test method of the novel earth and rockfill dam material seepage deformation test system comprises the following steps:
step 1: assembling a box body, adjusting the multipurpose permeameter according to the length of the sample, arranging the multipurpose permeameter along the horizontal direction when carrying out a horizontal permeability test, and arranging the multipurpose permeameter 3 along the vertical direction when carrying out a vertical permeability test;
step 2: filling a sample, namely filling the sample into the multipurpose permeameter;
and step 3: test pressurization, wherein a water head water supply pressurization device is controlled to be opened through a control assembly, water in a water storage tank is pressurized and input into a multipurpose permeameter, seepage water of the multipurpose permeameter enters a seepage quantity measuring device for detection, then the seepage water enters a sedimentation tank, and finally enters the water storage tank 1 for recycling;
and 4, step 4: data acquisition and test pressure release.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) The size of the section of the sample box body of the multipurpose permeameter is increased to 1m multiplied by 1m, the permeability characteristic test of the primary-grade filling material with the maximum grain diameter of 300mm can be met, the sample preparation standard has strong controllability, the sample preparation operation is convenient and fast, the scale reduction effect is avoided, and the actual situation can be accurately reflected; the multipurpose permeameter adopts the structural design that the steel plates are welded with the rib plates, the rib plates are arranged in a square shape with the interval of 10cm, the strength and the rigidity of the multipurpose permeameter are improved, and a permeability characteristic test with the maximum test water pressure of 3.5MPa can be carried out;
(2) The inner wall of the sample box body of the multipurpose permeameter is sequentially coated with the bottom-coating adhesive layer and the water-swelling material rubber putty layer, the bottom-coating adhesive layer has adhesive force on the inner wall of the sample box body and the water-swelling material rubber putty layer, and when a sample is saturated, the flexible particle gel coating layer generates expansion deformation after meeting water, fills all irregular surfaces, cavities and gaps of the contact surface of the inner wall of the sample box body and the sample, and generates larger contact pressure at the same time, so that the side wall seepage in the process of a penetration test is reduced, the penetration test is more consistent with the actual condition, and the penetration test result is more accurate and reliable;
(3) The water seepage measuring device enlarges the flow measuring range by the mode of combining the magnetic turning plate remote transmission liquid level meter and the electromagnetic flow meter, on the premise of meeting the precision and accuracy of water seepage measurement, when the water seepage is small, the magnetic turning plate remote transmission liquid level meter is adopted for single-cylinder method measurement, when the water seepage is large, the magnetic turning plate remote transmission liquid level meter is adopted for double-cylinder method measurement, when the water seepage is continuously increased, the electromagnetic flow meter is adopted for measurement, the measurement requirements of the water seepage under the action of different test water heads of a large-size permeameter are met, and when the magnetic turning plate remote transmission liquid level meter is used for measuring the flow, two modes of single-cylinder method measurement and double-cylinder method measurement are also arranged, so that the application range of the magnetic turning plate remote transmission liquid level meter is enlarged, sufficient precision is ensured, the measurement precision and the automation degree are high, and the application range is wide; the water seepage measuring device can change a full-automatic data acquisition module of a measuring mode, has high automation degree and convenient operation, not only improves the accuracy of water seepage measurement of a seepage deformation test, but also improves the testing efficiency, and simultaneously reduces manpower and the testing cost;
(4) The water pump combination unit of the water head water supply pressurizing device can provide a continuous and stable test water head within the range of 0 to 350m, the tail water pressure reducing assembly comprises an electric regulating valve and a secondary pressure reducing valve, and the tail water is discharged into the water storage tank under low pressure;
(5) The invention provides a novel earth and rockfill dam building material seepage deformation test system which is high in test precision, high in automation degree, simple to operate and capable of reducing errors caused by manual operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a novel earth and rockfill dam damming material seepage deformation test system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram of the novel earth and rockfill dam damming material seepage deformation test system
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a multipurpose permeameter of the novel earth and rockfill dam damming material permeation deformation test system;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged right side cross-sectional view of the invention at section A of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken at section B of FIG. 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged left side cross-sectional view of the invention at section C of FIG. 3;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a seepage quantity measuring device of the novel earth and rockfill dam construction material seepage deformation test system.
Description of the reference numerals
1. A water storage tank, 2, a water head water supply pressurizing device, 3, a multipurpose permeameter, 4, a water seepage amount measuring device, 5, a sedimentation tank, 6, a control component, 7, a water supply pipe, 8, a connecting water pipe, 9, a water pump combined unit, 10, a pressure transmitter, 11, an electric regulating valve, 12, a secondary pressure reducing valve, 13, a pressure-resistant seamless steel pipe, 14, a permeameter water inlet valve, 15, a water head water supply control component, 16, a water inlet valve, 17, a water pump, 18, a check valve, 19, a water inlet end cavity, 20, a sample box body, 21, a water outlet end cavity, 22, a bottom coating adhesive layer, 23, a water swelling material rubber putty layer, 24 and a vertical permeation support, 25, pressure measuring holes, 26, ribbed plates, 27, first edge perforating bolts, 28, first water stop rubber rings, 29, flange joints, 30, steel plate inner nut bolts, 31, second water stop rubber rings, 32, second edge perforating bolts, 33, third water stop rubber rings, 34, a water inlet pipe, 35, an electromagnetic flowmeter, 36, a water outlet valve, 37, a measuring cylinder water outlet, 38, a switch valve, 39, a communicating pipe, 40 drain pipes, 41, a large measuring cylinder, 42, a small measuring cylinder, 43, a magnetic turning plate remote liquid level meter, 44, a measuring cylinder base, 45, a small measuring cylinder drain valve, 46, a large measuring cylinder drain valve, 47 and a water permeable plate;
6-1, 6-2 of a PLC cabinet, 6-3 of a computer and a signal cable;
16-1, a first water inlet valve, 17-1, a first water pump, 18-1 and a first check valve;
16-2, a second water inlet valve, 17-2, a second water pump and 18-2 a second check valve;
16-3, a third water inlet valve, 17-3, a third water pump, 18-3 and a third check valve;
16-4 parts of a fourth water inlet valve, 17-4 parts of a fourth water pump, 18-4 parts of a fourth check valve;
16-5 parts of a fifth water inlet valve, 17-5 parts of a fifth water pump, 18-5 parts of a fifth check valve;
16-6 parts of a sixth water inlet valve, 17-6 parts of a sixth water pump, 18-6 parts of a sixth check valve;
19-1 parts of a vertical penetration test water inlet, 19-2 parts of a horizontal penetration test water inlet, 19-3 parts of an exhaust pipe, 19-4 parts of a water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure;
21-1 parts of a vertical penetration test water outlet, 21-2 parts of a horizontal penetration test water outlet, 21-3 parts of a sand discharge pipe, 21-4 parts of a water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure;
20-1 parts of a box body main body, 20-2 parts of a cover plate, 20-3 parts of a permeameter base, 20-1-1 parts of a box body outer edge.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to examples:
it should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, and other elements shown in the specification are included for the purpose of understanding and reading only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, and any modifications of the structures, changes in the proportions and adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the efficacy and attainment of the same.
In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are used for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms may be changed or adjusted without substantial change in the technical content.
Example 1
As shown in figure 1, the invention discloses a novel earth and rockfill dam damming material seepage deformation test system which comprises a water storage tank 1, a water head water supply pressurizing device 2, a multipurpose permeameter 3, a water seepage quantity measuring device 4, a sedimentation tank 5 and a control component 6, wherein the output end of the water storage tank 1 is connected with the water head water supply pressurizing device 2, the output end of the water head water supply pressurizing device 2 is connected with the multipurpose permeameter 3, the output end of the multipurpose permeameter 3 is connected with the water seepage quantity measuring device 4, the output end of the water seepage quantity measuring device 4 is connected with the sedimentation tank 5, the output end of the sedimentation tank 5 is connected with the input end of the water storage tank 1, and the water head water supply pressurizing device 2, the multipurpose permeameter 3 and the water seepage quantity measuring device 4 are respectively and electrically connected with the control component 6.
Example 2
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the input end of the water storage tank 1 is connected with a water supply pipeline through a water supply pipe 7, and the output end of the water storage tank 1 is connected with a water head water supply pressurizing device 2 through a connecting water pipe 8.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the water supply pipe 7 is connected to a water inlet of the water storage tank 1, a water outlet of the water storage tank 1 is connected to a water head water supply pressurizing device 2 through a connection water pipe 8, the water head water supply pressurizing device 2 is connected to the control component 6 through a signal cable 6-3, the water head water supply pressurizing device 2 is connected to a vertical penetration test water inlet 19-1 and a horizontal penetration test water inlet 19-2 of the multipurpose permeameter 3 through a pressure-resistant seamless steel pipe 13, a plurality of pressure measuring holes 25 are formed in the outer side of a tank body of the multipurpose permeameter 3, the pressure measuring holes 25 are used for embedding pressure measuring extension pipes, the pressure measuring extension pipes are externally connected with pressure sensors, the pressure sensors are electrically connected to the control component 6, the vertical penetration test water outlet 21-1 and the horizontal penetration test water outlet 21-2 are connected to the water seepage amount measuring device 4 through a water inlet pipe 34, the water seepage amount measuring device 4 is connected to the sedimentation tank 5, the sedimentation tank 5 is connected to the water storage tank 1 through a connection water pipe 8 to form a circulating water system, and the water supply pressurizing device 2 is connected to the control component 6 through a signal cable 6-3 through the pressure sensors and the water seepage amount measuring device 4 to feed back test data.
The length of the pressure measuring extension pipe is 25cm, and the cross section of the multipurpose permeameter 3 is 1m multiplied by 1m, the pressure measuring extension pipe is set to be 25cm, the pressure at the position 25cm away from the inner wall of the multipurpose permeameter 3 can be measured, and the measurement is accurate.
Example 3
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the water head water supply pressurizing device 2 includes a water pump combination unit 9, a pressure transmitter 10, an electric control valve 11, a secondary pressure reducing valve 12, a pressure-resistant seamless steel pipe 13, an permeameter water inlet valve 14 and a water head water supply control component 15, the output end of the water storage tank 1 is connected with the water pump combination unit 9 through a connecting water pipe 8, the output end of the water pump combination unit 9 is connected with the permeameter water inlet valve 14 through the pressure-resistant seamless steel pipe 13, the output end of the permeameter water inlet valve 14 is connected with the multipurpose permeameter 3, the pressure transmitter 10 is arranged on the pressure-resistant seamless steel pipe 13 between the water pump combination unit 9 and the permeameter water inlet valve 14, the output end of the water pump combination unit 9 is further connected with the electric control valve 11, the output end of the electric control valve 11 is connected with the secondary pressure reducing valve 12, the output end of the secondary pressure reducing valve 12 is connected with the input end of the water storage tank 1, the water pump combination unit 9, the pressure transmitter 10 and the electric control valve 11 are respectively electrically connected with the water head water supply control component 15 and the control component 6.
The water head water supply control assembly 15 is a PLC control assembly.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the water pump combination unit 9 is formed by connecting six sets of single-pump pressurizing assemblies in parallel, which are respectively a first set of single-pump pressurizing assembly, a second set of single-pump pressurizing assembly, a third set of single-pump pressurizing assembly, a fourth set of single-pump pressurizing assembly, a fifth set of single-pump pressurizing assembly and a sixth set of single-pump pressurizing assembly, and each set of single-pump pressurizing assembly is assembled by connecting a water inlet valve 16, a water pump 17 and a check valve 18 sequentially through a water pressure pipeline; the first set of single-pump pressurizing components are sequentially connected and assembled by a first water inlet valve 16-1, a first water pump 17-1 and a first check valve 18-1; the second set of single-pump pressurizing assembly is sequentially connected and assembled by a second water inlet valve 16-2, a second water pump 17-2 and a second check valve 18-2; the third set of single-pump pressurizing assembly is formed by sequentially connecting and assembling a third water inlet valve 16-3, a third water pump 17-3 and a third check valve 18-3; the fourth set of single-pump pressurizing assembly is formed by sequentially connecting and assembling a fourth water inlet valve 16-4, a fourth water pump 17-4 and a fourth check valve 18-4; the fifth set of single-pump pressurizing assembly is formed by sequentially connecting and assembling a fifth water inlet valve 16-5, a fifth water pump 17-5 and a fifth check valve 18-5; and the sixth set of single-pump pressurizing assembly is formed by sequentially connecting and assembling a sixth water inlet valve 16-6, a sixth water pump 17-6 and a sixth check valve 18-6, wherein the water pump and the check valve are respectively and electrically connected with the water head water supply control assembly 15, and the check valves are respectively and mechanically connected with the pressure-resistant seamless steel pipe 13 by adopting flanges.
The number of sets of the single-pump pressurizing assemblies can be adjusted according to the required pressurizing water head.
The water pump combination unit 9 is configured in a multistage pump cascade mode, wherein the head lift of a first water pump 17-1 is 1.5 to 61m, the head lift of a second water pump 17-2 is 61 to 101m, the head lift of a third water pump 17-3 is 101 to 162m, the head lift of a fourth water pump 17-4 is 162 to 203m, the head lifts of a fifth water pump 17-5 and a sixth water pump 17-6 are 203 to 350m, the water pump combination unit 9 provides a continuous and stable pressurizing water head within the range of 0 to 350m through control of a control assembly 6, and the rated flow of the water pumps is 0 to 42m 3 H, controlling the maximum water supply flow of 120m by multiple pumps 3 And h, setting the time length of the water pump from starting to reaching the preset working frequency to be 3s, and setting the time length of the water pump from closing to stopping to be 15s.
Preferably, when the pressure head required by the test is smaller than the initial working pressure head of the first water pump 17-1, the opening degree of the electric regulating valve 11 is adjusted after the first water pump 17-1 is started, and the backflow water quantity is controlled to stably output the pressure head required by the test.
When the pressure water head is smaller than 1.5m, the water pump is used for controlling the poor stability of the water pressure, the first water pump 17-1 is adopted for continuously supplying the water head value of 1.5m, then the opening of the electric regulating valve 11 is controlled to regulate the pressure water head, and the larger the opening of the electric regulating valve 11 is, the smaller the pressure water head is.
Example 4
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, 3 and 6, the multipurpose permeameter 3 includes a water inlet cavity 19, a sample box 20, a water outlet cavity 21, a primer adhesive layer 22 formed by coating a primer adhesive, and a water-swellable material rubber putty layer 23 formed by coating a water-swellable material rubber putty, wherein the primer adhesive is uniformly coated on the inner wall of the sample box 20 to form the primer adhesive layer 22, the water-swellable material rubber putty is uniformly coated on the primer adhesive layer 22 to form the water-swellable material rubber putty layer 23, the number of the sample box 20 is one, two or more, the water inlet cavity 19, the sample box 20 and the water outlet cavity 21 are sequentially assembled through flange connection in the horizontal or vertical direction, the water outlet cavity 21 is connected with a water seepage amount measuring device 4, and a water permeable plate 47 is arranged at the joint of the water inlet cavity 19, the sample box 20 and the water outlet cavity 21, so that a horizontal permeation test is performed when the water inlet cavity 19, the sample box 20 and the water outlet cavity 21 are sequentially connected in the horizontal direction; when the water inlet end cavity 19, the sample box body 20 and the water outlet end cavity 21 are sequentially connected in the vertical direction, a vertical penetration test is performed.
According to the invention, the spatial arrangement of the water inlet end cavity 19, the sample box body 20 and the water outlet end cavity 21 is adjusted, so that a horizontal penetration test and a vertical penetration test can be carried out, and when the water inlet end cavity 19, the sample box body 20 and the water outlet end cavity 21 are sequentially connected in the horizontal direction, the horizontal penetration test can be carried out; when the water end cavity 19, the sample box body 20 and the water outlet end cavity 21 are sequentially connected in the vertical direction, a vertical penetration test can be performed, two kinds of penetration tests can be completed by one set of device, and the test cost is greatly reduced.
The water inlet end cavity 19 is used for balancing water pressure, so that the water pressure of the pressed section of the water inlet end of the sample is stable and balanced; the sample box body 20 is used for filling samples and can meet the penetration test of coarse-grained soil samples with the maximum grain size of below 300 mm; the water outlet end cavity 21 is used for collecting the seepage water of the section of the sample and ensuring the free discharge of the water flow at the water outlet end of the sample; the effect of porous disk 47 is when guaranteeing that test water freely permeates the plate body, and porous disk 47 plays the support design effect to the sample.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the water inlet end cavity 19 is composed of a vertical penetration test water inlet 19-1, a horizontal penetration test water inlet 19-2, an exhaust pipe 19-3 and a water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure 19-4, the vertical penetration test water inlet 19-1 is vertically welded to the lower side of the left end surface of the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure 19-4, the horizontal penetration test water inlet 19-2 is vertically welded to the lower end surface of the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure 19-4, the exhaust pipe 19-3 is vertically welded to the upper end surface of the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure 19-4, and the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure 19-4 is a square cavity; the left end face of the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure 19-4 is provided with a vertical penetration support 24, when the water inlet end cavity 19, the sample box body 20 and the water outlet end cavity 21 are sequentially connected along the vertical direction, the water inlet end cavity 19 is arranged at the lowest end, the water outlet end cavity 21 is arranged at the uppermost end, and the vertical penetration support 24 is in contact with a fixed base or the ground to perform a vertical penetration test; the water outlet end cavity 21 consists of a vertical penetration test water outlet 21-1, a horizontal penetration test water outlet 21-2, a sand discharge pipe 21-3 and a water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure 21-4, wherein the vertical penetration test water outlet 21-1 is vertically welded on the upper end surface of the water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure 21-4, the horizontal penetration test water outlet 21-2 is vertically welded on the right side of the vertical penetration test water outlet 21-1, the sand discharge pipe 21-3 is vertically welded on the lower end surface of the water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure 21-4, and the water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure 21-4 is a square cavity.
The vertical penetration test water inlet 19-1 is used for water inflow during a vertical penetration test, and the horizontal penetration test water inlet 19-2 is used for water inflow during a horizontal penetration test.
The vertical penetration test water inlet 21-1 and the horizontal penetration test water inlet 21-2 are used for connecting a water device for a pressurized test with a penetration instrument, and the exhaust pipe 19-3 is used for exhausting air in the cavity 19 at the water inlet end and pores when a sample is saturated.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the sample box body 20 comprises a box body 20-1, a cover plate 20-2 and a permeameter base 20-3, the lower end face of the box body 20-1 is arranged on the permeameter base 20-3, the upper end face of the box body 20-1 is fixedly connected with the cover plate 20-2, the sample box body 20 is of a square structure, the length of the sample box body is 1 to 3m, and the cross section of the sample box body is 1m × 1m, pressure measuring holes 25 are uniformly distributed on the front side face and the rear side face of the box body 20-1, the pressure measuring holes 25 are used for embedding pressure measuring extension tubes, the length of the pressure measuring extension tubes is 25cm, the pressure measuring extension tubes are connected with pressure sensors which are electrically connected with the control component 6, the base coat adhesive layer 22 and the water-swellable material rubber putty layer 23 are sequentially coated on the front side, the rear side and the bottom side inner wall of the box body 20-1, and the water-swellable material rubber putty layer 23 are sequentially coated on the inner wall of the cover plate 20-2 close to the inner cavity of the box body 20-1; the box body 20-1 and the cover plate 20-2 are both steel plates, rib plates 26 are welded on the outer sides of the box body 20-1 and the cover plate 20-2, the rib plates 26 are arranged in a square mode at intervals of 10cm, the strength and the rigidity of the rib plates 26 meet the condition that the deformation value of each section of the sample box body 20 is smaller than 2mm within the range of 2m in length under the action of a maximum test water head of 3.5MPa, and therefore the influence of the deformation of the sample box body 20 on a test can be avoided.
As shown in fig. 1, 3, 4 and 5, the upper end edges of the front and rear two side edges of the box body main body 20-1 are provided with box body outer edges 20-1-1, the outer edges 20-1-1 of the box body main body are in full-through connection with the edges of the cover plate 20-2 through first adjacent edge through bolts 27, the corresponding positions of the inner sides of the outer edges 20-1-1 of the box body main body and the cover plate 20-2 close to the first adjacent edge through bolts 27 are provided with grooves, and first water-stopping rubber rings 28 are arranged in the two corresponding grooves; the upper and lower end faces of the box body main body 20-1 are respectively connected with a flange joint 29, the upper and lower end edges of the cover plate 20-2 are connected with the flange joint 29 through steel plate inner nut bolts 30, grooves are arranged at corresponding positions of the inner sides of the cover plate 20-2 and the flange joint 29 close to the steel plate inner nut bolts 30, and second water-stopping rubber rings 31 are arranged in the two corresponding grooves; the flange joints 29 of the two adjacent box main bodies 20-1 are connected through full through holes by second edge through-hole bolts 32, grooves are arranged at corresponding positions of the two flange joints 29 close to the inner sides of the second edge through-hole bolts 32, third water-stop rubber rings 33 are arranged in the two corresponding grooves, and the thickness of the flange joints 29 is 30 to 40mm.
The water permeable plate 47 is formed by welding water permeable ribbed plates outside an open pore steel plate, the water permeable ribbed plates are arranged in a square shape, the strength and the rigidity of the water permeable ribbed plates meet the condition that the deformation value is less than 2mm in the length range of every 1m under the action of a test water head of maximum 3.5MPa, the open pore diameter of the water permeable plate 47 ranges from 5 mm to 10mm, and the open pore ratio ranges from 16% to 20%.
The coating thickness of the primer binder layer 22 is 0.3 to 0.8mm, the primer binder is selected from HYT epoxy primer, and the coating thickness of the water-swellable material rubber putty layer 23 is 2 to 6mm.
The box body 20-1 is used for filling a sample, and the cover plate 20-2 is used for sealing the filled sample. The length of the sample box body 20 is 1-3m, and the cross section is 1m multiplied by 1m, so that the requirements of the corresponding particle size of the test on the length and the width of the sample are met, the preparation of the horizontal penetration test sample is convenient, and the test operation is convenient.
The rib plate 26 is used for increasing the overall strength and rigidity of the permeameter box body and preventing the box body from generating serious displacement deformation under the action of high water pressure, so that the stability of a sample and the test accuracy are influenced; the strength and rigidity of the rib plate 7 meet the requirement that the deformation value of each section of sample box body within the range of 20m length and 2m is less than 2mm under the action of a maximum 3.5MPa test water head, the function of the rib plate allows a proper deformation value on the premise of ensuring the test requirement, the manufacturing cost of a permeameter is saved, and the allowed deformation value is in an acceptable state under the deformation compensation of the water-swelling material rubber putty coated on the inner wall.
The diameter of the open hole of the water permeable plate 47 is 8mm, so that the fine particles in the sample can be guaranteed to have enough channel size to be taken out by water flow, and meanwhile, the stability of the sample can be guaranteed, according to the past test experience, the particle size of the sample carried by the water flow is basically smaller than 8mm, the opening rate is 16-20%, the integral water permeability of the water permeable plate is guaranteed, the situation that the opening rate is too small to influence the removal of seepage water of the sample is prevented, and the strength and the rigidity of the steel plate are reduced due to too large open hole.
The prime coat binder has binding power on the inner wall of the sample box body 20 and the water-swellable material rubber putty, the coating thickness of the prime coat binder is 0.3 to 0.8mm, and under the condition that the osmotic water pressure is 3.5MPa, the binding between the permeameter sample box body 20 and the prime coat binder and between the prime coat binder and the water-swellable material rubber putty is stable, and no delamination is generated.
Example 5
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 and 7, the water seepage amount measuring device 4 includes a water inlet pipe 34, an electromagnetic flowmeter 35, a water outlet valve 36, a measuring cylinder water outlet 37, a switch valve 38, a communicating pipe 39, a water drain pipe 40, a large measuring cylinder 41, a small measuring cylinder 42, a magnetic flap remote liquid level meter 43, a measuring cylinder base 44, a small measuring cylinder water drain valve 45 and a large measuring cylinder water drain valve 46, one end of the water inlet pipe 34 is connected with the water outlet end cavity 21, the other end of the water inlet pipe 34 is connected with the measuring cylinder water outlet 37, the electromagnetic flowmeter 35 and the water outlet valve 36 are arranged on a pipeline between the water inlet pipe 34 and the measuring cylinder water outlet 37, the large measuring cylinder 41 and the small measuring cylinder 42 are respectively and vertically fixed on the measuring cylinder base 44, the large measuring cylinder 41 and the small measuring cylinder 42 are communicated through the communicating pipe 39, the switch valve 38 is arranged on the communicating pipe 39, the small measuring cylinder 42 is connected with a magnetic flap remote liquid level meter 43, the magnetic flap remote liquid level meter 43 and the electromagnetic flowmeter 35 are respectively and electrically connected with the control assembly 6, the measuring cylinder 41 and the small measuring cylinder 42 are respectively connected with the sedimentation tank 5 through the settling tank 5, wherein the two large water drain valves 41 and the large measuring cylinder water drain valve 37 are arranged on the water drain pipe 37, and the large measuring tank 5, and the settling tank 5, and the large measuring cylinder water drain pipe 40 are arranged on the settling tank 5, and the large measuring cylinder water drain pipe 41, and the large measuring cylinder water drain pipe 37, and the settling tank 5, and the large measuring cylinder water drain pipe 42.
The inlet tube 34 includes front end inlet tube and rear end inlet tube, and the front end inlet tube input passes through first flange joint and is connected with the experimental delivery port 21-1 horizontal penetration of the perpendicular infiltration experiment delivery port 21-2 of multipurpose permeameter 3, the front end inlet tube output is connected with electromagnetic flowmeter 35 through two second flange joints, and one of them second flange joint sets up in electromagnetic flowmeter 35 input, and another second flange joint sets up in electromagnetic flowmeter 35 output, the rear end inlet tube input with set up in the second flange joint connection of electromagnetic flowmeter 35 output, rear end inlet tube output end connection graduated flask delivery port 37, the front end inlet tube reduces along with its internal diameter of direction near electromagnetic flowmeter 35 gradually to the internal diameter of front end inlet tube is greater than the internal diameter of rear end inlet tube. The front-end water inlet pipe is arranged to be close to the penetration test water outlet in a form of large diameter and small diameter close to the rear-end water inlet pipe, so that the measurement precision of the electromagnetic flowmeter 35 can be effectively guaranteed.
As shown in fig. 1 and 7, the large measuring cylinder 41 and the small measuring cylinder 42 are communicated with each other through two communication pipes 39, one communication pipe 39 is disposed at the lower side of the large measuring cylinder 41 and the small measuring cylinder 42, the other communication pipe 39 is disposed at the upper side of the large measuring cylinder 41 and the small measuring cylinder 42, the two communication pipes 39 are parallel to each other, the two communication pipes 39 are both provided with the on-off valve 38, and the two communication pipes 39 are respectively parallel to the measuring cylinder base 44.
Preferably, the large cartridge 41 and the small cartridge 42 have the same height, and the diameter of the large cartridge 41 is larger than that of the small cartridge 42.
Preferably, the magnetic turning plate remote liquid level meter 43 comprises a liquid level floating ball, a magnetic turning plate, a measuring pipe column and a magnetic turning plate remote liquid level meter control assembly, wherein the measuring pipe column is communicated with the small measuring cylinder 42, the liquid level floating ball is arranged in the measuring pipe column, one side of the measuring pipe column is provided with a magnetic turning plate column formed by arranging a plurality of magnetic turning plates, the height of the magnetic turning plate column is the same as that of the measuring pipe column, the magnetic turning plate remote liquid level meter control assembly is arranged at the top of the measuring pipe column, the magnetic turning plate remote liquid level meter control assembly is respectively electrically connected with the plurality of magnetic turning plates, the magnetic turning plate remote liquid level meter control assembly is electrically connected with the control assembly 6, and one side of the magnetic turning plate column is provided with scales for observing the turning position of the magnetic turning plate at any time.
The magnetic turning plate remote transmission liquid level meter control assembly transmits turning signals of the magnetic turning plate to the full-automatic data acquisition module, equipment capable of achieving the function can be used, and the full-automatic data acquisition module is in the prior art.
Example 6
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the control component 6 comprises a PLC cabinet 6-1, a computer 6-2, a signal cable 6-3 and an operating system based on FLC software development, wherein the operating system based on FLC software development is installed in the computer 6-2, a frequency converter and a digital display pressure transmitter are arranged in the PLC cabinet 6-1, the frequency converter and the digital display pressure transmitter are respectively connected with the operating system based on FLC software development, and the frequency converter and the digital display pressure transmitter are connected with the head water supply pressurizing device 2, the multipurpose permeameter 3 and the seepage amount measuring device 4 through the signal cable 6-3.
The operating system based on FLC software development comprises test pressure control module, test data acquisition module, test data processing module, test data save module and equipment control module, wherein test data acquisition module, test data processing module and test data save module connect gradually, test pressure control module is connected with equipment control module, through input test water pressure data, the different observation point head pressure of automatic acquisition infiltration appearance, seepage flow data, then output infiltration characteristic curve and infiltration characteristic parameter data, for example: the control component 6 adopts a frequency converter to adjust the power of the water pump combination unit 9 and the opening of the electric control valve 11 by collecting the data of the pressure transmitter 10, and automatically adjusts the water supply pressure.
Example 7
Preferably, the test method of the combined large-scale penetration deformation test system with high water head and large flow rate comprises the following steps:
step 1: assembling a box body, adjusting the multipurpose permeameter 3 according to the length of the sample, arranging the multipurpose permeameter 3 along the horizontal direction when carrying out a horizontal permeability test, and arranging the multipurpose permeameter 3 along the vertical direction when carrying out a vertical permeability test;
step 2: filling a sample, namely filling the sample into the multipurpose permeameter 3;
and step 3: and (3) test pressurization, wherein the control component 6 controls the water head water supply pressurization device 2 to be opened, water in the water storage tank 1 is pressurized and input into the multipurpose permeameter 3, the seepage water of the multipurpose permeameter 3 enters the seepage water amount measuring device 4 for detection, then the seepage water enters the sedimentation tank 5, and finally enters the water storage tank 1 for recycling.
Example 8
And carrying out a horizontal permeability test on a cushion material and a filter material with the maximum particle size of the filling material being 200mm, wherein the length of the cushion material is 3.0m, the length of the filter material is 1.0m, the maximum water head of the test is 200m, the initial slope drop of the permeability is preferably 0.02 to 0.03, the increment value is 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20,0.30,0.40,0.50,0.70,1.00,1.50,2.00, and then increasing progressively according to 1.00 to 2.00.
2 sections of sample box bodies 20 are needed according to the length determination of samples in the examples, the water inlet end cavity 19, the sample box bodies 20 and the water outlet end cavity 21 are horizontally connected and assembled through the flange joints 29 in sequence according to the type of the horizontal penetration test, and the water inlet 19-1 of the vertical penetration test is sealed by the blocking plate.
Step 2, filling a sample:
coating a bottom coating adhesive layer 22 which has adhesive force on both the steel plate and the flexible particle gel coating on the inner wall of the sample box body 20, and then adhering and spreading a water-swelling material rubber putty layer 23; filling a sample according to test requirements, opening an exhaust pipe 19-3 to perform water dripping saturation on the sample, sealing the surface of the sample by adopting micro-expansion compensation shrinkage concrete after saturation, and screwing down a bolt of a cover plate 20-2 before initial setting of the concrete to tightly seal the cover plate 20-2 and a box body 20-1.
1) Opening a water supply pipe 7 to inject water into the water storage tank 1 to a position 1.0m higher than the top of the cavity of the water pump, opening a water inlet valve (16-1 to 16-6) to ensure that a water inlet valve 14 of the permeameter is in a closed state, opening exhaust valves of the water pump (17-1 to 17-6) to ensure that all the cavities of the water pump are filled with water, and closing the exhaust valves when the water discharged by the exhaust valves is cylindrical and has no bubbles; opening the control component 6, checking the working states of the pressure transmitter 10, the water pump combination unit 9 and the electric regulating valve 11, and ensuring that all components work normally; checking the tightness of all the devices to ensure that the device has no leakage, and opening a water inlet 19-2 of the horizontal penetration test to gradually pressurize for carrying out the horizontal penetration test.
2) Starting a first water pump 17-1, adjusting the opening of an electric regulating valve 11 according to the initial water head requirement of the test, and opening a water inlet valve 14 of the permeameter for testing until the water head pressure displayed on a control interface of a component 6 to be controlled meets the pressurized water head required by the test; according to the permeation slope required by the permeation test, the opening degree of the electric regulating valve 11 is reduced to increase the test pressurized water head by 0.06m until the pressurized water head required by the test is larger than the initial working pressurized water head of the first water pump 17-1, and at the moment, the control assembly 6 automatically collects and stores test parameters of the pressurized water heads at all stages; when the pressure head required by the test is larger than the initial working pressure head of the first water pump 17-1, keeping the first water pump 17-1 started, inputting a required pressure head value into the control assembly 6, automatically adjusting the working frequency of the first water pump 17-1 by the control assembly 6 to enable the pressure head of the first water pump 17-1 to meet the test requirement, dynamically adjusting the working frequency of the first water pump 17-1 and the opening degree of the electric regulating valve 11 by the control assembly 6 according to the pressure at the outlet end of the water pump fed back by the pressure transmitter 10 at the moment, further maintaining the stable output water pressure of the first water pump 17-1 under the pressure head of the test, discharging tail water discharged under stable pressure into the water storage tank 1 through the water discharge pipe after the energy dissipation and pressure reduction effects of the electric regulating valve 11 and the secondary pressure reducing valve 12, and automatically collecting and storing test parameters of the pressure heads by the control assembly 6 in the test process; when the pressurized water head required by the test is larger than the maximum working pressurized water head of the first water pump 17-1, namely the pressurized water head is larger than 61m, the control assembly 6 automatically closes the first water pump 17-1, prevents water flow from flowing back through the first check valve 18-1, starts the second water pump 17-2 to provide the pressurized water head value required by the test, and sequentially starts the second water pump 17-2, the third water pump 17-3 and the fourth water pump 17-4 to provide stable water head pressure for the test according to the requirement of the test water head until the test pressurized water head reaches the required 200m; in the process, the seepage water of the multi-purpose permeameter 3 enters the seepage quantity measuring device 4, then enters the sedimentation tank 5, and finally enters the water storage tank 1 for recycling;
3) The diameter of the small measuring cylinder 42 is 15cm, and the diameter of the large measuring cylinder 41 is 30cm; when the water seepage amount is small, the water seepage amount of the multipurpose permeameter 3 is small, the flow is measured by adopting a single-cylinder method, the switch valve 38 between the large measuring cylinder 41 and the small measuring cylinder 42 is closed, the water flows into the small measuring cylinder 42, the liquid level floating ball rises along with the rise of the water level, the magnetic turning plate correspondingly turns, the T control component 6 automatically records the rise increment of the liquid level at intervals, and the real-time water flow (the rise increment of the liquid level is 20cm in 30s, so the real-time water flow is 0.43 m) is calculated according to the input diameter 3 H); when the water level of the small measuring cylinder 42 is about to rise to the top surface of the cylinder, the small measuring cylinder drain valve 45 is opened to drain water, and the small measuring cylinder drain valve 45 is closed to continue measuring after the water in the cylinder is drained;
when the water seepage amount exceeds the measuring limit value of the single cylinder method, the mode setting of the control assembly 6 is changed into double cylinder method measurement, the diameter of a large measuring cylinder 41 is 30cm, the diameter of a small measuring cylinder 42 is 15cm, and the switch valve 38 between the large measuring cylinder 41 and the small measuring cylinder 42 is openedThe large measuring cylinder 41 is communicated with the small measuring cylinder 42, the liquid level floating ball rises along with the rise of the water level, the magnetic turning plate turns correspondingly, the T control component 6 automatically records the rise increment of the liquid level at intervals, and the real-time water flow (the rise increment of the liquid level is 20cm in 30s, so the real-time water flow is 2.12m 3 H); when the water levels of the large measuring cylinder 41 and the small measuring cylinder 42 are about to rise to the top surface of the cylinder, the water discharge valve 46 of the large measuring cylinder and the water discharge valve 45 of the small measuring cylinder are opened for measuring, and after the water in the cylinder is discharged, the water discharge valve 46 of the large measuring cylinder and the water discharge valve 45 of the small measuring cylinder are closed for continuous measurement;
when the water seepage amount continues to increase, the large measuring cylinder drain valve 46 and the small measuring cylinder drain valve 45 under the large measuring cylinder 41 and the small measuring cylinder 42 are opened;
1) Data acquisition:
when a water head is increased, after the water flow is stable, the control assembly 6 is used for collecting the water pressure data of the pressure transmitter 10 and uploading the water pressure data to the test data collecting module, the flow data of the electromagnetic flowmeter 35 and the magnetic flap remote-transmission liquid level meter 43 are collected and uploaded to the test data collecting module, a hydraulic slope i and seepage speed v curve lgi-lgv curve is drawn in time, and the duration time of each stage of water head and the stage difference of the water head are adjusted in time according to the curve change.
2) Test pressure relief
After the test is finished, in order to keep the stability of the sample in the multipurpose permeameter 3 and the safety of the equipment, the ultra-high water head permeation test adopts gradual and gradual pressure relief, the water pressure of each stage is gradually decreased and slowly relieved, the water pressure of each stage is decreased by no more than 10m, the interval between two adjacent stages is 5min, and when the pressure is relieved to a water head of 5m, the valve 43 is closed in time; and (5) until the pressure is relieved to 0m water head, storing test data and closing the control component 6.
Test verification:
by adopting the test system and the test method in the embodiment 8, the pressure supply capacity and the pressure stabilizing capacity of the ultrahigh water head permeability characteristic test water head pressurizing device in the implementation process are measured, and the test results are shown in table 1:
table 1 test results of voltage supply capability and voltage stabilization capability of example 8
As can be seen from Table 1, the pressure head of the invention is from 1m to 200m, the difference between the maximum value of data and the minimum value of data under each water head value is small, and the standard deviation of precision is small, so that the pressure stabilizing capability is strong, the water pressure fluctuation is small, and the pressure supply capability is strong, and the pressure head can reach 200 m.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the invention comprises a water storage tank 1, a water head water supply pressurizing device 2, a multipurpose permeameter 3, a water seepage amount measuring device 4, a sedimentation tank 5 and a control component 6, wherein a water supply pipe 7 is connected with a water inlet of the water storage tank 1, a water outlet of the water storage tank 1 is connected with the water head water supply pressurizing device 2 through a connecting water pipe 8, the water head water supply pressurizing device 2 is connected with the control component 6 through a signal cable 6-3, the water head water supply pressurizing device 2 is connected with a vertical permeability test water inlet 19-1 and a horizontal permeability test water inlet 19-2 of the multipurpose permeameter 3 through a pressure-resistant seamless steel pipe 13, the outer side of a box body of the multipurpose permeameter 3 is provided with a plurality of pressure measuring holes 25, the pressure measuring holes 25 are used for embedding pressure measuring extension pipes, the length of the pressure measuring extension pipes is 25cm, the pressure measuring extension pipes are externally connected with pressure sensors, the pressure sensors are electrically connected with the control component 6, the vertical permeability test water outlet 21-1 and the horizontal permeability test water outlet 21-2 are connected with the water seepage amount measuring device 4 through a water inlet pipe 34, the water seepage amount measuring device 4 is connected with the sedimentation tank 5, the sedimentation tank 5 is connected with the water storage tank 1 through the connecting water supply pressurizing device 8 to form a circulating water system, the water supply pressurizing device 2 and the water seepage amount measuring device 2, and the water seepage amount control component 6, and the horizontal permeability test data feedback test device 6, and the control component 6, and the horizontal test are connected with the control component 6, and the horizontal test.
The size of the section of the sample box body of the multipurpose permeameter is increased to 1m multiplied by 1m, the permeability characteristic test of the primary-grade filling material with the maximum grain diameter of 300mm can be met, the sample preparation standard has strong controllability, the sample preparation operation is convenient and fast, the scale reduction effect is avoided, and the actual situation can be accurately reflected; the multipurpose permeameter adopts the structural design of welding the ribbed plates by the steel plates, the ribbed plates are arranged in a square shape with the distance of 10cm, the strength and the rigidity of the multipurpose permeameter are improved, and a permeability characteristic test with the maximum test water pressure of 3.5MPa can be carried out.
The inner wall of the sample box body of the multipurpose permeameter is sequentially coated with the primer adhesive layer and the water-swelling material rubber putty layer, the primer adhesive layer has adhesive force on the inner wall of the sample box body and the water-swelling material rubber putty layer, and when a sample is saturated, the flexible particle gel coating layer generates expansion deformation after contacting water, fills all irregular surfaces, cavities and gaps of the contact surface of the inner wall of the sample box body and the sample, and generates larger contact pressure, so that the side wall seepage in the permeation test process is reduced, the permeation test is more in line with the actual condition, and the permeation test result is more accurate and reliable.
The water seepage measuring device enlarges the flow measuring range by the mode of combining the magnetic turning plate remote transmission liquid level meter and the electromagnetic flow meter, on the premise of meeting the precision and accuracy of water seepage measurement, when the water seepage is small, the magnetic turning plate remote transmission liquid level meter is adopted for single-cylinder method measurement, when the water seepage is large, the magnetic turning plate remote transmission liquid level meter is adopted for double-cylinder method measurement, when the water seepage is continuously increased, the electromagnetic flow meter is adopted for measurement, the measurement requirements of the water seepage under the action of different test water heads of a large-size permeameter are met, and when the magnetic turning plate remote transmission liquid level meter is used for measuring the flow, two modes of single-cylinder method measurement and double-cylinder method measurement are also arranged, so that the application range of the magnetic turning plate remote transmission liquid level meter is enlarged, sufficient precision is ensured, the measurement precision and the automation degree are high, and the application range is wide; the water seepage measuring device can change the full-automatic data acquisition module of the measuring mode, has high automation degree and convenient operation, improves the accuracy of the water seepage measurement of the osmotic deformation test and the testing efficiency, reduces manpower and reduces the testing cost.
The water pump combination unit of the water head water supply pressurizing device can provide a continuous and stable test water head within the range of 0-350m, the tail water pressure reducing assembly comprises an electric regulating valve and a secondary pressure reducing valve, and the tail water is discharged into the water storage tank at low pressure.
The invention provides a novel earth and rockfill dam building material seepage deformation test system which is high in test precision and automation degree, capable of reducing errors caused by manual operation and simple to operate, can be used for carrying out horizontal seepage tests and vertical seepage tests by changing the connection mode of a multi-purpose permeameter sample box body, achieves multiple purposes in one box, can be used for analyzing the vertical and horizontal seepage test results of the same model more scientifically, and greatly saves the cost.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Many other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the specific embodiments, but only by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a novel earth and rockfill dam material infiltration deformation test system which characterized in that: the device comprises a water storage tank (1), a water head water supply pressurizing device (2), a multipurpose permeameter (3), a water seepage amount measuring device (4), a sedimentation tank (5) and a control component (6), wherein the output end of the water storage tank (1) is connected with the water head water supply pressurizing device (2), the output end of the water head water supply pressurizing device (2) is connected with the multipurpose permeameter (3), the output end of the multipurpose permeameter (3) is connected with the water seepage amount measuring device (4), the output end of the water seepage amount measuring device (4) is connected with the sedimentation tank (5), the output end of the sedimentation tank (5) is connected with the input end of the water storage tank (1), and the water head water supply pressurizing device (2), the multipurpose permeameter (3) and the water seepage amount measuring device (4) are respectively and electrically connected with the control component (6); the multipurpose permeameter (3) comprises a water inlet end cavity (19), a sample box body (20), a water outlet end cavity (21), a bottom coating adhesive layer (22) formed by coating a bottom coating adhesive and a water swelling material rubber putty layer (23) formed by coating water swelling material rubber putty, wherein the bottom coating adhesive is uniformly coated on the inner wall of the sample box body (20) to form the bottom coating adhesive layer (22), the water swelling material rubber putty is uniformly coated on the bottom coating adhesive layer (22) to form the water swelling material rubber putty layer (23), the number of the sample box body (20) is one section, two sections or multiple sections, the water inlet end cavity (19), the sample box body (20) and the water outlet end cavity (21) are sequentially assembled through flange connection along the horizontal or vertical direction, the water outlet end cavity (21) is connected with a water seepage amount measuring device (4), and the joints of the water inlet end cavity (19), the sample box body (20) and the water outlet end cavity (21) are provided with water permeable plates (47), and when the water inlet end cavity (19), the sample box body (20) and the water outlet end cavity (21) are sequentially connected along the horizontal seepage direction, a horizontal seepage test is carried out; when the water inlet end cavity (19), the sample box body (20) and the water outlet end cavity (21) are sequentially connected along the vertical direction, a vertical penetration test is carried out; the water inlet end cavity (19) consists of a vertical penetration test water inlet (19-1), a horizontal penetration test water inlet (19-2), an exhaust pipe (19-3) and a water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure (19-4), wherein the vertical penetration test water inlet (19-1) is vertically welded on the lower side of the left end face of the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure (19-4), the horizontal penetration test water inlet (19-2) is vertically welded on the lower end face of the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure (19-4), the exhaust pipe (19-3) is vertically welded on the upper end face of the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure (19-4), and the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure (19-4) is a square cavity; the left end face of the water inlet steel plate surface cavity structure (19-4) is provided with a vertical penetration support (24), when the water inlet end cavity (19), the sample box body (20) and the water outlet end cavity (21) are sequentially connected in the vertical direction, the water inlet end cavity (19) is arranged at the lowest end, the water outlet end cavity (21) is arranged at the uppermost end, and the vertical penetration support (24) is in contact with a fixed base or the ground to perform a vertical penetration test; the water outlet end cavity (21) is composed of a vertical penetration test water outlet (21-1), a horizontal penetration test water outlet (21-2), a sand discharge pipe (21-3) and a water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure (21-4), wherein the vertical penetration test water outlet (21-1) is vertically welded on the upper end face of the water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure (21-4), the horizontal penetration test water outlet (21-2) is vertically welded on the right side of the vertical penetration test water outlet (21-1), the sand discharge pipe (21-3) is vertically welded on the lower end face of the water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure (21-4), and the water outlet steel plate surface cavity structure (21-4) is a square cavity.
2. The novel earth and rockfill dam damming material seepage deformation test system according to claim 1, wherein: the input end of the water storage tank (1) is connected with a water supply pipeline through a water supply pipe (7), and the output end of the water storage tank (1) is connected with a water head water supply pressurizing device (2) through a connecting water pipe (8).
3. The novel earth and rockfill dam damming material seepage deformation test system according to claim 2, wherein: the water head water supply pressurizing device (2) comprises a water pump combination unit (9), a pressure transmitter (10), an electric regulating valve (11), a secondary pressure reducing valve (12), a pressure-resistant seamless steel pipe (13), an permeameter water inlet valve (14) and a water head water supply control component (15), the output end of the water storage tank (1) is connected with the water pump combination unit (9) through a connecting water pipe (8), the output end of the water pump combination unit (9) is connected with the permeameter water inlet valve (14) through the pressure-resistant seamless steel pipe (13), the output end of the permeameter water inlet valve (14) is connected with a multipurpose permeameter (3), the pressure transmitter (10) is arranged on the pressure-resistant seamless steel pipe (13) between the water pump combination unit (9) and the permeameter water inlet valve (14), the output end of the water pump combination unit (9) is also connected with the electric regulating valve (11), the output end of the electric regulating valve (11) is connected with the secondary pressure reducing valve (12), the output end of the secondary pressure reducing valve (12) is connected with the input end of the water pump combination unit (9), the water pump combination unit (10), the pressure transmitter (10) and the electric regulating valve (11) are respectively electrically connected with the water supply control component (15), and the water head water supply control component (6) is electrically connected with the water head water supply control component (6).
4. The novel earth and rockfill dam damming material seepage deformation test system according to claim 3, wherein: the water pump combination unit (9) is formed by connecting six sets of single-pump pressurizing assemblies in parallel, namely a first set of single-pump pressurizing assembly, a second set of single-pump pressurizing assembly, a third set of single-pump pressurizing assembly, a fourth set of single-pump pressurizing assembly, a fifth set of single-pump pressurizing assembly and a sixth set of single-pump pressurizing assembly, wherein each set of single-pump pressurizing assembly is formed by connecting and assembling a water inlet valve (16), a water pump (17) and a check valve (18) sequentially through a water pressure pipeline; the first set of single-pump pressurizing assembly is formed by sequentially connecting and assembling a first water inlet valve (16-1), a first water pump (17-1) and a first check valve (18-1); the second set of single-pump pressurizing assembly is sequentially connected and assembled by a second water inlet valve (16-2), a second water pump (17-2) and a second check valve (18-2); the third set of single-pump pressurizing assembly is sequentially connected and assembled by a third water inlet valve (16-3), a third water pump (17-3) and a third check valve (18-3); the fourth set of single-pump pressurizing assembly is formed by sequentially connecting and assembling a fourth water inlet valve (16-4), a fourth water pump (17-4) and a fourth check valve (18-4); the fifth set of single-pump pressurizing assembly is formed by sequentially connecting and assembling a fifth water inlet valve (16-5), a fifth water pump (17-5) and a fifth check valve (18-5); the sixth set of single-pump pressurizing assembly is formed by sequentially connecting and assembling a sixth water inlet valve (16-6), a sixth water pump (17-6) and a sixth check valve (18-6), wherein the water pump and the check valve are respectively and electrically connected with the water head water supply control assembly (15), and the check valve is respectively and mechanically connected with the pressure-resistant seamless steel pipe (13) by adopting a flange; the water pump combination unit (9) is configured in a multistage pump cascade mode, wherein the head lift of a first water pump (17-1) is 1.5-61m, the head lift of a second water pump (17-2) is 61-101m, the head lift of a third water pump (17-3) is 101-162m, the head lift of a fourth water pump (17-4) is 162-203m, the head lifts of a fifth water pump (17-5) and a sixth water pump (17-6) are 203-350m, and the water pump combination unit (9) provides a continuous and stable pressurizing water head in an interval of 0-350m through control of a control assembly (6).
5. The novel earth and rockfill dam damming material seepage deformation test system according to claim 1, wherein: the sample box body (20) comprises a box body main body (20-1), a cover plate (20-2) and a permeameter base (20-3), the lower end face of the box body main body (20-1) is arranged on the permeameter base (20-3), the upper end face of the box body main body (20-1) is fixedly connected with the cover plate (20-2), the sample box body (20) is of a square structure, the length of the sample box body (20-1) is 1-3m, and the cross section of the sample box body is 1m multiplied by 1m, pressure measuring holes (25) are uniformly distributed on the front side face and the rear side face of the box body main body (20-1), the pressure measuring holes (25) are used for embedding pressure measuring extension pipes, the pressure measuring extension pipes are externally connected with pressure sensors, the pressure sensors are electrically connected with a control assembly (6), a bottom coating adhesive layer (22) and a water swelling material rubber putty layer (23) are sequentially coated on the inner wall of the front side, the rear side and the bottom side of the box body main body (20-1), and the bottom coating adhesive layer (22) and the water swelling material rubber putty layer (23) are sequentially coated on the inner wall of the cover plate (20-2) close to the inner cavity of the box body main body (20-1); the box body main body (20-1) and the cover plate (20-2) are both steel plates, and rib plates (26) are welded on the outer sides of the box body main body (20-1) and the cover plate (20-2); the upper end edges of the front side edge and the rear side edge of the box body main body (20-1) are provided with box body main body outer edges (20-1-1), the box body main body outer edges (20-1-1) are in full perforation connection with the edge of the cover plate (20-2) through first edge perforation bolts (27), grooves are arranged at corresponding positions of the inner sides of the box body outer edges (20-1-1) and the cover plate (20-2) close to the first edge perforation bolts (27), and first water stop rubber rings (28) are arranged in the two corresponding grooves; the upper and lower end faces of the box body main body (20-1) are respectively connected with a flange joint (29), the upper and lower edges of the cover plate (20-2) are connected with the flange joint (29) through steel plate inner nut bolts (30), grooves are arranged at corresponding positions of the inner sides, close to the steel plate inner nut bolts (30), of the cover plate (20-2) and the flange joint (29), and second water stop rubber rings (31) are arranged in the two corresponding grooves; the flange joints (29) of two adjacent box body main bodies (20-1) are connected through full through holes by second edge through hole bolts (32), grooves are arranged at corresponding positions of the inner sides of the two flange joints (29) close to the second edge through hole bolts (32), third water-stopping rubber rings (33) are arranged in the two corresponding grooves, and the thickness of the flange joints (29) is 30-40mm; the water permeable plate (47) is formed by welding water permeable ribbed plates outside an open pore steel plate, the water permeable ribbed plates are arranged in a square shape, the diameter of an open pore of the water permeable plate (47) is 5-10mm, and the opening rate is 16-20%; the coating thickness of the primer binder layer (22) is 0.3-0.8mm, the primer binder is selected from HYT epoxy primer, and the coating thickness of the water-swellable rubber putty layer (23) is 2-6 mm.
6. The novel earth and rockfill dam damming material permeation deformation test system according to claim 1, wherein: the water seepage amount measuring device (4) comprises a water inlet pipe (34), an electromagnetic flowmeter (35), a water outlet valve (36), a measuring cylinder water outlet (37), a switch valve (38), a communicating pipe (39), a water outlet pipe (40), a large measuring cylinder (41), a small measuring cylinder (42), a magnetic turning plate remote transmission liquid level meter (43), a measuring cylinder base (44), a small measuring cylinder drain valve (45) and a large measuring cylinder drain valve (46), wherein one end of the water inlet pipe (34) is connected with a water outlet end cavity (21), the other end of the water inlet pipe (34) is connected with the measuring cylinder water outlet (37), a pipeline between the water inlet pipe (34) and the measuring cylinder water outlet (37) is provided with the electromagnetic flowmeter (35) and the water outlet valve (36), the large measuring cylinder (41) and the small measuring cylinder (42) are respectively and vertically fixed on the measuring cylinder base (44), the large measuring cylinder (41) and the small measuring cylinder (42) are communicated through the communicating pipe (39), the switch valve (38) is arranged on the communicating pipe (39), the small measuring cylinder (42) is connected with the magnetic turning plate remote transmission liquid level meter (43), the magnetic turning plate remote transmission liquid level meter (43) is respectively connected with the small measuring cylinder (6) and the large measuring cylinder (6), and the water outlet pipe (5), wherein, a drain pipe (40) connected with the sedimentation tank (5) by the large measuring cylinder (41) is provided with a drain valve (46) of the large measuring cylinder, a drain pipe (40) connected with the sedimentation tank (5) by the small measuring cylinder (42) is provided with a drain valve (45) of the small measuring cylinder, the number of the measuring cylinder water outlets (37) is two, and the two measuring cylinder water outlets (37) are respectively arranged right above the large measuring cylinder (41) and the small measuring cylinder (42).
7. The novel earth and rockfill dam damming material seepage deformation test system according to claim 6, wherein: the control assembly (6) comprises a PLC cabinet (6-1), a computer (6-2), a signal cable (6-3) and an operating system based on FLC software development, wherein the operating system based on FLC software development is installed in the computer (6-2), a frequency converter and a digital display pressure transmitter are arranged in the PLC cabinet (6-1), the frequency converter and the digital display pressure transmitter are respectively connected with the operating system based on FLC software development, and the frequency converter and the digital display pressure transmitter are connected with a water supply pressurizing device (2), a multipurpose permeameter (3) and a water seepage amount measuring device (4) through the water head of the signal cable (6-3).
8. A method of testing a new earth and rockfill dam damming material penetration deformation test system according to any one of claims 1~7, comprising the steps of:
step 1: assembling a box body, adjusting the multipurpose permeameter (3) according to the length of the sample, arranging the multipurpose permeameter (3) along the horizontal direction when carrying out a horizontal permeability test, and arranging the multipurpose permeameter (3) along the vertical direction when carrying out a vertical permeability test;
step 2: filling a sample, namely filling the sample into the multipurpose permeameter (3);
and step 3: test pressurization, wherein a water head water supply pressurization device (2) is controlled to be opened through a control assembly (6), water in a water storage tank (1) is pressurized and input into a multipurpose permeameter (3), seepage water of the multipurpose permeameter (3) enters a seepage quantity measuring device (4) for detection, then the seepage water enters a sedimentation tank (5), and finally enters the water storage tank (1) for recycling;
and 4, step 4: data acquisition and test pressure release.
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| CN202110340635.6A CN113109230B (en) | 2021-03-30 | 2021-03-30 | Novel earth and rockfill dam construction material seepage deformation test system and method |
| PCT/CN2021/090101 WO2022205549A1 (en) | 2021-03-30 | 2021-04-27 | Multi-purpose permeation deformation test intelligent system and working method thereof |
| DE112021000127.2T DE112021000127T5 (en) | 2021-03-30 | 2021-04-27 | INTELLIGENT MULTIPURPOSE SEALING DEFORMATION TEST SYSTEM AND ITS OPERATION PROCEDURE |
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