CN113107582B - Pressure relief and permeability improvement construction system for coal seam - Google Patents
Pressure relief and permeability improvement construction system for coal seam Download PDFInfo
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- CN113107582B CN113107582B CN202110538052.4A CN202110538052A CN113107582B CN 113107582 B CN113107582 B CN 113107582B CN 202110538052 A CN202110538052 A CN 202110538052A CN 113107582 B CN113107582 B CN 113107582B
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- pressure
- inner cavity
- coal
- rotary joint
- pressure relief
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F7/00—Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
- E21B10/32—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools
- E21B10/322—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools cutter shifted by fluid pressure
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B12/00—Accessories for drilling tools
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/16—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor using gaseous fluids
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/18—Drilling by liquid or gas jets, with or without entrained pellets
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/28—Enlarging drilled holes, e.g. by counterboring
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of outburst prevention and pressure relief of soft coal seams, in particular to a pressure relief and permeability improvement construction system for a coal seam, which comprises the following steps: the drilling machine comprises a drilling machine, a high-pressure rotary joint, a drill rod connected with the drilling machine through the high-pressure rotary joint and a variable-diameter mechanical hole-making structure connected with the other end of the drill rod and used for cutting and drilling coal bodies, wherein the drill rod is provided with a first inner cavity, a first medium channel communicated with the first inner cavity is arranged on the high-pressure rotary joint, one end of the high-pressure rotary joint is communicated with the outside, and the other end of the high-pressure rotary joint is communicated with a second medium channel communicated with the variable-diameter mechanical hole-making structure. According to the scheme, the special drilling tool and different operation methods are adopted to create holes in the loose and soft coal seam to relieve pressure, so that the ground stress of the coal seam is reduced, the gas extraction efficiency is improved, the condition that the drill is stuck due to hole collapse in the drilled hole is avoided, the operation efficiency is high, and the gas extraction effect is obvious.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of outburst prevention and pressure relief of soft coal seams, in particular to a pressure relief and permeability improvement construction system for the soft coal seams.
Background
In the prior art of coal mine underground, the drilling, reaming and pressure relief technology is widely applied to the gas extraction and treatment process. Aiming at the medium-hardness coal seam, a mechanical hole making mode or a water jet hole making mode can be adopted, a mechanical knife arm or a high-pressure water column of a water knife is utilized for cutting and flushing the coal body, and a certain hole is formed in the coal seam to realize pressure relief and permeability improvement of a high-gas high-stress area.
The two hole-making modes can realize the purposes of pressure relief and reflection increase in the coal seam, but have certain requirements on the hardness of the coal body, and if the loose and soft coal seam is met, the water is used as a medium to carry out slag discharging operation or reaming operation, so that certain risks exist. When water jet cavitation is carried out in the soft coal body, high-energy high-pressure water impacts the coal body, so that the coal body is easy to collapse in a large area, and the collapsed coal body can be rapidly surrounded near a drill rod at the moment, so that the rotation and propulsion resistance of equipment are increased, and even a drill pressing accident occurs; similarly, when the mechanical coal seam is adopted for hole making, the coal body around the drilling tool is soaked in water for a long time when the water is used as a medium for slag discharging, and large-area collapse and even drill pressing accidents are very easy to occur. In the process of performing variable-diameter hole-making pressure relief construction of the coal seam, once a drilling pressing accident occurs, the construction efficiency of the site is seriously affected, and meanwhile, a drilling tool discarded in a hole due to the drilling pressing accident is also a huge economic loss of a constructor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve at least one technical problem in the background art and provides a pressure relief and anti-reflection construction system for a coal seam.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a pressure relief and permeability improvement construction system for a coal seam, which comprises: the drilling machine comprises a drilling machine, a high-pressure rotary joint, a drill rod connected with the drilling machine through the high-pressure rotary joint and a variable-diameter mechanical hole-making structure connected with the other end of the drill rod and used for cutting and drilling coal bodies, wherein the drill rod is provided with a first inner cavity, a first medium channel communicated with the first inner cavity is arranged on the high-pressure rotary joint, one end of the high-pressure rotary joint is communicated with the outside, and the other end of the high-pressure rotary joint is communicated with a second medium channel communicated with the variable-diameter mechanical hole-making structure.
According to one aspect of the invention, the variable diameter mechanical hole making structure comprises a rod body provided with a second inner cavity, a sealing seat arranged in the second inner cavity, one end of the sealing seat is connected with the second medium channel, a rack connected with the other end of the sealing seat, and reaming cutter arms respectively meshed with two sides of the rack to realize an open-close state.
According to one aspect of the invention, the sealing seat has a bearing lug abutting against a cavity wall of the second inner cavity, and an end of the sealing seat facing the rack is provided with a groove, which communicates with the second medium channel.
According to one aspect of the invention, the support lug is provided with a through hole for communicating the first inner cavity and the second inner cavity.
According to one aspect of the invention, the rack includes a working end and a connecting end slidably coupled to the recess.
According to one aspect of the invention, the reamer arm includes a gear engaged with the working end of the rack and a wobble tool coupled to the gear.
According to one aspect of the invention, the device further comprises a drill bit connected with the variable diameter mechanical cavitation structure, wherein the drill bit is provided with a central channel communicated with the second inner cavity.
According to one aspect of the invention, the device further comprises a hole sealing device for collecting coal dust discharged by drilling, a high-pressure pump for providing conversion power for the variable-diameter mechanical hole making structure, and a coal dust collecting and metering device for collecting and metering the coal dust collected by the hole sealing device.
According to the scheme of the invention, in order to ensure the requirements of slag discharging and drilling tool cooling during the drilling of equipment, wind is adopted as a powder discharging medium in the drilling process, wind is supplied into one channel (namely a first medium channel) of a drill rod through a high-pressure rotary joint, wind is supplied to the forefront end of the drilling tool through the drill rod, coal slag generated in the drilling process is discharged out of the drilling hole, and is collected by a hole sealing device and then drained to a coal dust collecting and metering device for collection and metering; when the variable-diameter mechanical hole making structure reaches the position of a coal seam to be reamed and made, a high-pressure medium is supplied to the other channel (namely a second medium channel) of the high-pressure rotary joint through the high-pressure pump, and enters the inside of the variable-diameter mechanical hole making structure at the front end of the drilling tool through the sealing channel in the drill rod, the reaming cutter arm is driven to be opened, reaming operation is carried out, and the coal seam generated in the reaming process is discharged, collected and metered through wind in the reaming process. In order to avoid the occurrence of the conditions of hole collapse and the like caused by larger impact on the coal body after the high-pressure medium enters the coal bed, the channels of the high-pressure medium in the drilling tool before and after the conversion of the mechanical variable-diameter hole-making structure are continuously closed.
According to the scheme, compared with the traditional construction system, the special drilling tool and different operation methods are adopted to create holes in the loose and soft coal seam to relieve pressure, so that the ground stress of the coal seam is reduced, the gas extraction efficiency is improved, the condition that the drilling tool is stuck due to hole collapse in the drilling hole is avoided, the operation efficiency is high, and the gas extraction effect is obvious.
Drawings
One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which like references indicate similar elements, and in which the figures of the drawings are not to be taken in a limiting sense, unless otherwise indicated.
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a structural layout of a pressure relief and permeability increasing construction system for a coal seam in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 2 schematically shows a partial structural layout of a pressure relief and permeability increasing construction system for a coal seam according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a structural layout of a pressure relief and permeability increasing construction system for a coal seam in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 2 schematically shows a partial structural layout of a pressure relief and permeability increasing construction system for a coal seam according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, the pressure relief and permeability improvement construction system for a coal seam according to the present invention includes: the drilling machine 1, the high-pressure rotary joint 2, a drill rod 3 with one end (right end in fig. 2) connected with the drilling machine 1 through the high-pressure rotary joint 2 and a variable-diameter mechanical hole-making structure 4 connected with the other end (left end in fig. 2) of the drill rod 3 and used for cutting and drilling coal bodies. As shown in fig. 2, the drill rod 3 has a first inner cavity 301, the high-pressure rotary joint 2 is provided with a first medium channel 5 communicated with the first inner cavity 301, one end (right end in fig. 2) of the high-pressure rotary joint 2 and the first inner cavity 301 are communicated with the outside, and the other end (left end in fig. 2) of the high-pressure rotary joint 2 and the first inner cavity 301 are provided with a second medium channel 6 communicated with the variable-diameter mechanical cavitation structure 4.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the variable diameter mechanical hole making structure 4 includes a rod body 401 provided with a second inner chamber 4011, a seal holder 402 provided in the second inner chamber 4011 and having one end (right end in fig. 2) connected to the second medium passage 6, a rack 403 connected to the other end (left end in fig. 2) of the seal holder 402, and reamer arms 404 engaged with both sides (upper and lower sides in fig. 2) of the rack 403 to realize an open/close state.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the seal holder 402 has a support lug 4021 abutting against the chamber wall of the second lumen 4011, and an end (left end in fig. 2) of the seal holder 402 facing the rack 403 is provided with a groove 4022, the groove 4022 communicating with the second medium passage 6. In the present embodiment, the support lugs 4021 are provided with through holes for communicating the first lumen 301 and the second lumen 4011. Thus, the medium passing through the first medium channel 5 can be led to the drill bit site for drilling.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the rack 403 includes a working end 4031 and a connecting end 4032 slidably coupled with the recess 4022. By this arrangement, when the high-pressure medium is introduced into the second medium passage 6, the high-pressure medium is pushed into the groove 4022 to push the rack 403 forward (leftward in fig. 2), and then the rack 403 drives the reamer arm 404 to open, so that the drilled hole is reamed.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the reamer arm 404 includes a gear 4041 engaged with the working end of the rack 403 and a wobble 4042 connected to the gear 4041. When the rack 403 moves left and right, the gear 4041 meshed with the rack 403 can drive the swinging cutter 4042 to swing reciprocally, so as to realize opening and closing actions, and further realize reaming operation.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the pressure relief and permeability increasing construction system for a coal seam according to the present invention further includes a drill bit connected to the variable diameter mechanical cavitation structure 4, the drill bit being provided with a central passage communicating with the second inner cavity 4011. Furthermore, the device also comprises a hole sealing device 7 for collecting coal dust discharged by drilling, a high-pressure pump 8 for providing conversion power for the variable-diameter mechanical hole making structure 4, and a coal dust collecting and metering device 9 for collecting and metering the coal dust collected by the hole sealing device 7.
According to the arrangement of the invention, corresponding work can be realized by introducing different media into the two media channels, for example, air is introduced into the first media channel, and enters the drill bit part through the two inner cavity channels, so that slag and powder discharging can be performed on drilled coal dust. And high-pressure medium is introduced into the second medium channel, so that the rack is pushed by the high-pressure medium, and the swinging knife can be driven by the gear to perform opening action, so that reaming is performed.
In fact, according to the scheme of the invention, in order to ensure the requirements of slag discharge and drill cooling during drilling of equipment, wind is adopted as a powder discharge medium in the drilling process, wind is supplied into one channel (namely a first medium channel) of a drill rod through a high-pressure rotary joint, wind is supplied to the forefront end of the drill tool through the drill rod, coal slag generated in the drilling process is discharged out of a drill hole, and is collected by a hole sealing device and then drained to a coal dust collecting and metering device for collection and metering; when the variable-diameter mechanical hole making structure reaches the position of a coal seam to be reamed and made, a high-pressure medium is supplied to the other channel (namely a second medium channel) of the high-pressure rotary joint through the high-pressure pump, and enters the inside of the variable-diameter mechanical hole making structure at the front end of the drilling tool through the sealing channel in the drill rod, the reaming cutter arm is driven to be opened, reaming operation is carried out, and the coal seam generated in the reaming process is discharged, collected and metered through wind in the reaming process. In order to avoid the occurrence of the conditions of hole collapse and the like caused by larger impact on the coal body after the high-pressure medium enters the coal bed, the channels of the high-pressure medium in the drilling tool before and after the conversion of the mechanical variable-diameter hole-making structure are continuously closed.
According to the scheme, compared with the traditional construction system, the special drilling tool and different operation methods are adopted to create holes in the loose and soft coal seam to relieve pressure, so that the ground stress of the coal seam is reduced, the gas extraction efficiency is improved, the condition that the drilling tool is stuck due to hole collapse in the drilling hole is avoided, the operation efficiency is high, and the gas extraction effect is obvious.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments are only intended to illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail by means of the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A pressure relief and permeability increasing construction system for a coal seam, comprising: the drilling machine comprises a drilling machine (1), a high-pressure rotary joint (2), a drill rod (3) with one end connected with the drilling machine (1) through the high-pressure rotary joint (2) and a variable-diameter mechanical hole-making structure (4) connected with the other end of the drill rod (3) and used for cutting a drilling coal body, wherein the drill rod (3) is provided with a first inner cavity (301), a first medium channel (5) communicated with the first inner cavity (301) is arranged on the high-pressure rotary joint (2), and a second medium channel (6) with one end communicated with the outside and the other end communicated with the variable-diameter mechanical hole-making structure (4) is arranged in the high-pressure rotary joint (2) and the first inner cavity (301);
the variable diameter mechanical hole making structure (4) comprises a rod body (401) provided with a second inner cavity (4011), a sealing seat (402) with one end connected with the second medium channel (6) and a rack (403) connected with the other end of the sealing seat (402), wherein the rack (403) can move in the second inner cavity (4011) under the action of a high-pressure medium introduced by the second medium channel (6);
the sealing seat (402) is provided with a supporting lug (4021) which is abutted with the cavity wall of the second inner cavity (4011);
the supporting lug (4021) is provided with a through hole used for communicating the first inner cavity (301) and the second inner cavity (4011).
2. The pressure relief and permeability increasing construction system for coal seams according to claim 1, wherein the variable diameter mechanical hole making structure (4) further comprises reamer arms (404) respectively engaged with two sides of the rack (403) to achieve an open-close state.
3. The pressure relief and permeability increasing construction system for coal seams according to claim 2, wherein a groove (4022) is provided at an end of the sealing seat (402) facing the rack (403), and the groove (4022) is communicated with the second medium channel (6).
4. A pressure relief and permeability increasing construction system for coal seams according to claim 3, wherein the rack (403) comprises a working end (4031) and a connecting end (4032) slidably connected to the recess (4022).
5. The pressure relief and permeability increasing construction system for coal seams according to claim 4, wherein said reamer arm (404) comprises a gear (4041) engaged with a working end of said rack (403) and a pendulum cutter (4042) connected to said gear (4041).
6. The pressure relief and permeability increasing construction system for coal seams according to claim 5, further comprising a drill bit connected to said variable diameter mechanical cavitation structure (4), said drill bit being provided with a central passage communicating with said second lumen (4011).
7. The pressure relief and permeability increasing construction system for coal seams according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a hole sealing device (7) for collecting coal dust discharged by drilling, a high pressure pump (8) for providing switching power to the variable diameter mechanical hole making structure (4), and a coal dust collecting and metering device (9) for collecting and metering coal dust collected by the hole sealing device (7).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110538052.4A CN113107582B (en) | 2021-05-18 | 2021-05-18 | Pressure relief and permeability improvement construction system for coal seam |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110538052.4A CN113107582B (en) | 2021-05-18 | 2021-05-18 | Pressure relief and permeability improvement construction system for coal seam |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN113107582A CN113107582A (en) | 2021-07-13 |
| CN113107582B true CN113107582B (en) | 2023-06-06 |
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| CN115306369B (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2024-04-26 | 山西省煤炭地质勘查研究院有限公司 | Structure of coal bed gas hole digging well and exploitation process |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2997216B1 (en) * | 2013-05-13 | 2017-11-22 | Weatherford Technology Holdings, LLC | Method and apparatus for operating a downhole tool |
| CN106761410B (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2019-07-12 | 河南宇建科技股份有限公司 | A kind of binary channels brill develops integrated device |
| CN109958437A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-07-02 | 淮南矿业(集团)有限责任公司 | A kind of ground drilling draws the coal uncovering method of hole pumping and mining under coal surge well |
| CN210067978U (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2020-02-14 | 河南铁福来装备制造股份有限公司 | Slag-flushing single-arm mechanical reaming bit for coal mine gas safety control |
| CN111255381A (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2020-06-09 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Comprehensive permeability increasing device for coal bed mechanical reaming and hydraulic slotting |
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