CN113106334A - 一种rv减速器摆线轮用钢及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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Abstract
一种RV减速器摆线轮用钢及其制备方法,属于冶金技术领域。所述RV减速器摆线轮用钢化学成分及质量百分含量为:C:0.17~0.23%、Si:0.15~0.27%、Mn:0.60~0.90%、Cr:0.90~1.25%、Al:0.020~0.030%、P≤0.025%、S≤0.015%、Mo:0.15~0.25%、Ni≤0.30%、Cu≤0.30%、O≤20ppm、N:70~120ppm,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质元素。其生产方法包括冶炼、LF精炼、VD真空精炼、连铸、加热、轧制、正火工序。本发明RV减速器摆线轮用钢晶粒度≥7级,淬透性良好,能够保证摆线轮在受力的过程中,变形程度小,传动精度高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于冶金技术领域,具体涉及一种RV减速器摆线轮用钢及其制备方法。
背景技术
RV减速器具有刚度高、传动精度高、抗冲击能力强等优势,而摆线轮作为减速器中的核心零部件,要求其具有传动精度、整体刚度和传动平稳性的要求,对整机的传动性能具有重要作用。为解决这一问题,目前的研究局主要通过摆线轮齿廓修形技术满足RV减速器传动精度和摆线轮齿面受力的要求,这需要原材料具有偏析程度低、淬透性好、晶粒度小等要求,以便热处理工艺过程中变形量小,通过齿廓修行技术满足高传动精度、高应力的要求。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种RV减速器摆线轮用钢及其制备方法。本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种RV减速器摆线轮用钢,所述RV减速器摆线轮用钢化学成分及质量百分含量如下:C:0.17~0.23%、Si:0.15~0.27%、Mn:0.60~0.90%、Cr:0.90~1.25%、Al:0.020~0.030%、P≤0.025%、S≤0.015%、Mo:0.15~0.25%、Ni≤0.30%、Cu≤0.30%、O≤20ppm、N:70~120ppm,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质元素。
所述RV减速器摆线轮用钢晶粒度≥7级,制成标准试样在正火温度920±10℃,端淬温度880±5℃时,其末端淬透性J9=29~35HRC、J15=24~30HRC。
本发明RV减速器摆线轮用钢中各元素的作用及含量控制如下:
C:碳在钢中形成间隙固溶体,能够提高钢的硬度和强度,但碳含量过高容易降低材料塑、韧性,为保持RV减速器用钢心部具有较高的塑性、韧性,控制碳含量在0.17-0.23%。
Si:常以固溶体形态存在于铁素体或奥氏体中,缩小奥氏体相区,不能形成碳化物,有强烈的促进碳石墨化作用,同时硅对钢液具有良好的脱氧作用,因此设定硅含量在0.15%-0.25%。
Mn:锰是良好的脱氧剂和脱硫剂,添加部分锰,能够减少钢中有害元素S的作用,钢中硫容易在晶界处偏聚,形成FeS,在加热过程中,引起材料断裂,通过添加Mn与S作用,形成可变形的MnS夹杂物,避免钢中热脆现象。同时锰和铁形成固溶体,提高钢中铁素体和奥氏体的硬度和强度;又是碳化物形成元素,进入渗碳体中取代一部分铁原子。因此设定锰含量在0.60-0.90%。
Cr:铬是强碳化物形成元素,能够减缓奥氏体分解速率,显著提高钢的淬透性,可在渗碳表面形成含铬碳化物以提高耐磨性。设定铬含量为0.9-1.25%
Ni:镍和铁能无限固溶,扩大奥氏体区,镍和碳不能形成碳化物,添加微量镍元素,能够强化铁素体并细化珠光体,提高钢的强度,而不显著影响钢的塑性。Ni可降低临界点并增加奥氏体稳定性,对淬透性有一定的影响,因此应适当控制Ni含量,与其他合金元素共同作用使其淬透性在一定范围内,同时Ni能够降低淬火层的硬度,因此控制Ni含量不大于0.3%。
Cu:铜在钢中以游离态存在,不能形成碳化物,铜含量较高,会在热加工过程中开裂,因此需尽量控制钢中铜含量。
Mo:钼可固溶于铁素体、奥氏体和碳化物中,是强碳化物形成元素,同时可提高钢的淬透性,通过添加钼,一方面有利于渗碳提高碳化物析出,提高表面耐磨性,另一方面钼固溶在铁素体中,提高碳化物的稳定性,提高钢的强度。
S:硫在钢中偏析严重,容易形成夹杂物,不利于改善钢水纯净度;在高温下以熔点较低的FeS的形式存在,当钢凝固时,硫化铁析集在原生晶界处;钢在高温轧制时,晶界上的FeS就将熔化,会大大地削弱晶粒之间的结合力,导致钢的热脆现象。S的设定含量为S≤0.015%。
P:磷是钢中有害杂质之一。含磷较多的钢,在室温或更低的温度下使用时,会偏析严重、容易脆裂,称为冷脆;显著的降低钢的塑性和韧性。磷是有害元素,应严加控制,P的设定含量为≤0.025%。
Al:铝在钢中能形成氧化物、氮化物等,能阻止奥氏体晶粒长大,提高晶粒粗化温度,细化晶粒。而Al含量较高时,会从材料的金相组织中发现其晶粒间有很多的AlN杂质,该杂质降低了晶粒间的边界强度,对材料的冲击韧性和塑性也有影响。Al的设定含量为0.020-0.030%。
O:氧在钢中以氧化物夹杂的形式存在,这些非金属夹杂物破坏钢基体的连续性,其性质、大小、数量及分布状态影响钢的性能,对钢的塑性、韧性等性能危害较大,因此需控制钢中氧含量≤20ppm。
N:氮与钢中的铝结合成AlN,能够起到奥氏体晶粒长大,细化晶粒的作用,同时,N能和钢中Cr等合金元素,形成氮化物,弥散析出,提高表面强度。控制N含量70~120ppm。
本发明还提供了上述RV减速器摆线轮用钢的制备方法,其包括冶炼、LF精炼、VD真空精炼、连铸、加热、轧制、正火工序。
所述冶炼工序,出钢钢水C含量0.06~0.10wt%,P≤0.018wt%。
所述LF精炼工序,加入石灰及碳化硅造渣,保白渣25~35min,钢水温度1642~1672℃;化渣、升温和精炼气氛保持阶段:氩气压力0.2~0.8MPa,氩气流量80~400NL/min;合金化、增碳阶段:氩气压力0.4~1.2MPa,氩气流量150~600NL/min。
所述VD真空精炼工序,真空度≤67Pa,保持真空时间6~10min,软吹15~30min。
所述连铸工序,浇注温度1527~1547℃,浇注拉速0.5~0.6m/min。
所述加热工序,均热温度1180~1235℃,在炉加热时间240~330min。
所述轧制工序,开轧温度1080~1140℃。
所述正火工序:正火温度920~940℃。
本发明通过合理化学成分设计,精确控制炼钢目标成分,保证化学成分均一性。通过添加合金元素Cr、Mo,提高了钢材淬透性;添加微量Al、N元素,一方面提高钢中晶粒度,另一方面促进表面渗碳,氮化物析出,提高表面硬度。
采用夹杂物控制技术,优化冶炼工艺,提高夹杂物控制水平,钢水洁净度提高,铸坯表面质量提高。采用控轧工艺,控制钢材加热过程,控制晶粒度大小及微合金元素析出,提高钢材力学性能。采用优化的热处理工艺,保证钢材具有优良的淬透性。
本发明RV减速器摆线轮用钢晶粒度≥7级,淬透性良好,淬透性J9=29-35HRC、J15=24-30HRC,具有较高的硬度和耐磨性,能够保证摆线轮在受力的过程中,变形程度小,传动精度高。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。
实施例1-9:RV减速器摆线轮用钢的制备方法采用下述具体工艺。
(1)化学成分:各实施例RV减速器摆线轮用钢的化学成分组成及质量百分含量见表1。
表1. RV减速器摆线轮用钢的化学成分及含量(wt%)
表1中,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质元素。
(2)RV减速器摆线轮用钢的生产工艺流程为:转炉/电炉冶炼-LF精炼-VD真空精炼-连铸-加热-轧制-正火,具体步骤如下:
A、冶炼工序:出钢中碳含量0.06~0.10wt%,P≤0.018wt%;
B、LF精炼工序:加入石灰及碳化硅造渣,保白渣25~35min,控制钢中化学成分含量,钢水温度1642~1672℃;化渣、升温和精炼气氛保持阶段:氩气压力0.2~0.8MPa,氩气流量80~400NL/min;合金化、增碳阶段:氩气压力0.4~1.2MPa,氩气流量150~600NL/min;
C、VD真空精炼工序:真空度≤67Pa,保持真空时间6~10 min,软吹15~30 min;
D、连铸工序:浇注温度控制在1527~1547℃,控制浇注拉速为0.5~0.6m/min;
E、加热工序:均热温度为1180~1235℃,在炉加热时间为240~330min;
F、轧制工序:开轧温度为1080~1140℃;
G、正火工序:正火温度为920~940℃。
各实施例冶炼、LF精炼和VD真空精炼工序的具体工艺参数见表2;各实施例连铸、加热、轧制和正火工序的具体工艺参数见表3。
表2. 冶炼、LF精炼工序工艺参数
表3. VD真空精炼、连铸、加热、轧制和正火工序工艺参数
(3)将各实施例得到的RV减速器摆线轮用钢制成标准试样,并在正火温度920±10℃加热,然后进行端淬淬火,端淬温度880±5℃,其端淬值及晶粒度检验结果见表4。
表4. 各实施例RV减速器摆线轮用钢的端淬值及晶粒度
由表4可以看出,本发明通过合理的化学成分配比,优化生产工艺,RV减速器摆线轮用钢端淬值J9=29-35HRC、J15=24-30HRC,晶粒度≥7级,控制RV减速器摆线轮用钢淬透性及晶粒度大小,以减少热处理后变形量的问题。
Claims (7)
1.一种RV减速器摆线轮用钢,其特征在于,所述RV减速器摆线轮用钢的化学成分及质量百分含量如下:C:0.17~0.23%、Si:0.15~0.27%、Mn:0.60~0.90%、Cr:0.90~1.25%、Al:0.020~0.030%、P≤0.025%、S≤0.015%、Mo:0.15~0.25%、Ni≤0.30%、Cu≤0.30%、O≤20ppm、N:70~120ppm,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质元素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种RV减速器摆线轮用钢,其特征在于,所述RV减速器摆线轮用钢晶粒度≥7级,制成标准试样在正火温度920±10℃,端淬温度880±5℃时,其末端淬透性J9=29~35HRC、J15=24~30HRC。
3.基于权利要求1或2所述的一种RV减速器摆线轮用钢的生产方法,其特征在于,所述生产方法包括冶炼、LF精炼、VD真空精炼、连铸、加热、轧制、正火工序;
所述冶炼工序,出钢钢水C含量0.06~0.10wt%,P≤0.018wt%;
所述加热工序,均热温度1180~1235℃,在炉加热时间240~330min;
所述轧制工序,开轧温度1080~1140℃;
所述正火工序:正火温度920~940℃。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种RV减速器摆线轮用钢的制备方法,其特征在于,所述LF精炼工序,加入石灰及碳化硅造渣,保白渣25~35min,钢水温度1642~1672℃。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种RV减速器摆线轮用钢的制备方法,其特征在于,所述LF精炼工序,化渣、升温和精炼气氛保持阶段:氩气压力0.2~0.8MPa,氩气流量80~400NL/min;合金化、增碳阶段:氩气压力0.4~1.2MPa,氩气流量150~600NL/min。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种RV减速器摆线轮用钢的制备方法,其特征在于,所述VD真空精炼工序,真空度≤67Pa,保持真空时间6~10min,软吹15~30min。
7.根据权利要求3-6任一项所述的一种RV减速器摆线轮用钢的制备方法,其特征在于,所述连铸工序,浇注温度1527~1547℃,浇注拉速0.5~0.6m/min。
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