CN113099999A - Annual production and stereoscopic cultivation method for blanched garlic leaves - Google Patents
Annual production and stereoscopic cultivation method for blanched garlic leaves Download PDFInfo
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- CN113099999A CN113099999A CN202110489792.3A CN202110489792A CN113099999A CN 113099999 A CN113099999 A CN 113099999A CN 202110489792 A CN202110489792 A CN 202110489792A CN 113099999 A CN113099999 A CN 113099999A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0293—Seed or shoot receptacles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0295—Units comprising two or more connected receptacles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/20—Forcing-frames; Lights, i.e. glass panels covering the forcing-frames
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/245—Conduits for heating by means of liquids, e.g. used as frame members or for soil heating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/28—Raised beds; Planting beds; Edging elements for beds, lawn or the like, e.g. tiles
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- Y02A30/254—Roof garden systems; Roof coverings with high solar reflectance
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- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/12—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional cultivation method for annual production of blanched garlic leaves, which utilizes a water heating type blanched garlic leaf cultivation device to cultivate, and comprises the following specific steps: selecting varieties and garlic seeds, building a three-dimensional multi-layer support, discharging garlic bulbs by using a planting box, connecting a circulating water pipe, adjusting temperature and humidity, and harvesting two garlic yellow stubbles; the cultivation method does not need sandy soil or a cultivation medium and watering, and can thoroughly clean wastes such as garlic bulbs and the like after harvesting the blanched garlic, so as to avoid the spread of garlic loess-borne plant diseases and insect pests; the solar clean energy and deep well water resource are recycled, so that the temperature, the humidity and the stability of the temperature and the humidity are easy to control, and the production cost of the garlic yellow is reduced; the planting density of the blanched garlic can be automatically controlled by using the hard tray for fixing the garlic bulbs and controlling the density, so that the blanched garlic can grow vertically.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a facility cultivation method for vegetable crops, in particular to a three-dimensional cultivation method for annual production of garlic, belonging to the technical field of agricultural cultivation.
Background
The blanched garlic is a softened vegetable produced by utilizing the self nutrition of garlic bulbs without pesticides and chemical fertilizers under the conditions of light-proof facility cultivation and certain temperature and humidity environment. The vegetable is golden yellow in leaf color, tender and white in base, light in spicy taste and aromatic in flavor, is rich in high-quality healthy vegetables such as protein and carotene, and can be produced and supplied to vegetable markets all year round.
The production cycle of the blanched garlic leaves is 18-22 days, and the temperature is controlled at 16-23 ℃. The growth is influenced by too low temperature, and the lodging, the rot and the burn of plants are caused by too high overgrowth, so that the quality and the yield are influenced. The blanched garlic leaves have high requirement on water content and are kept moist at any time. The yellow garlic can not be seen by light and turns green when being seen by light, and the quality of the yellow garlic can be reduced. The cultivation of the blanched garlic leaves needs to be ventilated at proper time, which is beneficial to discharging excessive carbon dioxide and waste gas. The standard height of harvesting the blanched garlic leaves is 35-40cm, and the blanched garlic leaves can be harvested in multiple batches.
The blanched garlic leaves are suitable for sandy soil cultivation, and are mostly cultivated in garlic pools in shading sheds and indoor garlic cellars. The garlic pool in the shading shed is 60-70cm deep, and the length and width can be determined according to the area. The indoor cultivated garlic yellow can be made into a semi-underground garlic cellar, the garlic cellar can be built by earth walls or made by bricks, and the garlic cellar is covered with cattail mat and black film for heat preservation and shading. The two kinds of cultivation need to be paved with sandy soil with the thickness of 3-5cm, and the seeds are sowed after being leveled, but the cultivation of the blanched garlic leaves facility has large occupied area, low space utilization rate, high production cost, difficult temperature and humidity control, poor marketability of the blanched garlic leaves and low commodity rate.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects that the existing garlic clove greenhouse cultivation is high in production cost and difficult in temperature and humidity control, clean energy is fully utilized, energy is saved, environment is protected, and the temperature and the humidity of the growing garlic clove are regulated and controlled by water temperature and water quantity, the annual production three-dimensional cultivation method of the garlic clove is provided.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme, the annual production three-dimensional cultivation method of the blanched garlic leaves utilizes a water heating type blanched garlic leaf cultivation device for cultivation, and the specific steps are as follows:
step 1) selecting varieties and garlic seeds: selecting varieties with fast germination, fast growth speed, large garlic cloves and high yield; the growth of the blanched garlic mainly utilizes the nutrients of garlic cloves, and garlic seeds with good quality, high yield and no diseases, insect pests or rot are selected;
step 2) building a three-dimensional multilayer support: building iron or aluminum alloy three-dimensional supports, designing the number of layers according to the indoor or in-shed height, generally 3-4 layers, placing planting boxes on each layer, and communicating the planting boxes on each layer with the water injection ports of the planting boxes on the next layer through the overflow ports of the planting boxes on the upper layer, so as to realize the mutual communication of the planting boxes on each layer; wherein, the planting box on the top layer is 60cm lower than the roof or the shed roof, the distance between every two layers is 50cm, the planting box on the bottom layer is 10cm higher than the ground, and the planting boxes are convenient to be poured into a reservoir;
step 3), discharging garlic bulbs by using a planting box: selecting a planting tray capable of fixedly placing garlic bulbs with proper density, embedding the planting tray with round holes with diameter of 3-5cm into a planting box with wide upper opening, and discharging 10-15kg of garlic bulbs per square meter; a water injection port on the planting box is 1cm higher than the tray, an overflow port of the planting box is 1cm lower than the tray, a water outlet is normally plugged, and the water outlet is used for replacing a water source;
connecting a circulating water pipe: the reservoir supplies water to the heater; the hot water is conveyed to the water mixing valve, and the water temperature is adjusted with a cold water source connected to the water mixing valve; the water mixing valve is communicated with a water filling port of the planting box and is used for filling water, when the water level of the top planting box reaches the overflow port, water flows into the water filling port of the next layer of planting box until the water of the overflow port on the bottom planting box flows into the reservoir, and then the water in the reservoir is conveyed to the heater through the water pump, so that circulation is realized;
step 5) temperature and humidity adjustment: the growth temperature and humidity of the blanched garlic leaves are regulated and controlled by utilizing the water temperature and the water quantity, the growth temperature of the blanched garlic leaves is controlled to be 16-22 ℃, the development is influenced by too low temperature, and the excessive growth is caused by too high temperature, so that plants are lodging, rotten and burnt, and the quality and the yield are influenced; the blanched garlic leaves are kept moist all the time, and when the moisture is particularly high, the water outlet (14) is unscrewed to regulate the growth moisture of the blanched garlic leaves; the yellow garlic cannot be seen by light, and the yellow garlic turns green when being seen by light, so that the quality of the yellow garlic is reduced; ventilation is needed for culturing the blanched garlic leaves, and air is released at proper time, so that excessive carbon dioxide and waste gas are discharged;
step 6) harvesting two crops of blanched garlic: the standard height of the harvesting is 35-40cm, and the yield ratio is 0.9-1.3 from sowing to harvesting for 20-25 days generally; harvesting two crops of the first season of the yellow garlic, and harvesting once again in 15-20 days; bundling the collected blanched garlic leaves into bundles, and drying the bundles in the sun for 1 hour to ensure that the blanched garlic leaves are golden, the output of the blanched garlic leaves of the first crop is higher and is 8-10kg per square meter, the output of the blanched garlic leaves of the second crop is reduced, the output of the blanched garlic leaves of the second crop is 5-7 kg per square meter, the blanched garlic leaves are pulled up together with the garlic leaves during the harvesting of the second crop, the waste in a planting box is thoroughly cleaned, the spread of soil-borne diseases and insect pests of the blanched garlic leaves is avoided, and the blanched garlic leaves grow in the;
the water heating type garlic clove cultivating device comprises a planting device for cultivating garlic clove, a heater for heating the planting device by water, a reservoir for collecting overflow water in the planting device and supplying water to the heater, and a cold water source;
and the hot water heated by the heater and the water provided by the cold water source are used for storing water and cultivating the blanched garlic leaves in the planting device through the water mixing valve.
The preferable scheme of the annual production three-dimensional cultivation method for the garlic comprises the following steps: the planting device consists of a plurality of planting boxes which are arranged up and down;
a water filling port and an overflow port are arranged on the side wall of the planting box;
the water injection port is 3-5cm higher than the overflow port;
the planting boxes are arranged up and down, namely the overflow port of the previous planting box is communicated with the water filling port of the next planting box;
a water outlet is formed in the bottom of the planting box;
a planting tray is placed in the planting box; the planting tray is provided with a plurality of planting holes for placing garlic bulbs.
The preferable scheme of the annual production three-dimensional cultivation method for the garlic comprises the following steps: and a water source in the water storage tank is conveyed into the heater through a water pump.
The preferable scheme of the annual production three-dimensional cultivation method for the garlic comprises the following steps: the heater is a solar water heater or an electric water heater.
The preferable scheme of the annual production three-dimensional cultivation method for the garlic comprises the following steps: the cold water source is municipal water or deep well water.
The preferable scheme of the annual production three-dimensional cultivation method for the garlic comprises the following steps: the water mixing valve is used for adjusting the water temperature of the water for planting the blanched garlic leaves.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that: the cultivation method does not need sandy soil or a cultivation medium and watering, and can thoroughly clean wastes such as garlic bulbs and the like after harvesting the blanched garlic, so as to avoid the spread of garlic loess-borne plant diseases and insect pests; the solar clean energy and deep well water resource are recycled, so that the temperature, the humidity and the stability of the temperature and the humidity are easy to control, and the production cost of the garlic yellow is reduced; the planting density of the blanched garlic can be automatically controlled by using the hard tray for fixing the garlic bulbs and controlling the density, so that the blanched garlic can grow vertically.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a planting device;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a planting box;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a planting tray configuration;
in the figure: 10-a planting device; 11-planting box; 12-a water injection port; 13-a spillway gap; 14-a water outlet; 20-a source of cold water; 30-a water reservoir; 31-a water pump; 40-a heater; 50-a water mixing valve; 60-planting trays; 61-planting holes.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below without limiting the present invention.
Example 1
The water heating type garlic clove cultivating device is used for cultivating garlic cloves, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, selecting varieties and garlic seeds: selecting slowly purple garlic No. 1 with fast germination, fast growth, large garlic clove and high yield in 8/11/2020. The garlic seeds are selected to have good quality and high yield and have no diseases, pests or rot.
Step 2, building a three-dimensional multilayer support: building iron or aluminum alloy three-dimensional supports, designing the number of layers according to the indoor or in-shed height, generally 3 layers of frames, placing planting boxes 11 on each layer, and communicating the planting boxes 11 on the upper layer with water injection ports 12 of planting boxes 11 on the lower layer through overflow ports 13 of the planting boxes 11 on the upper layer, so as to realize the mutual communication of the planting boxes 11 on each layer; wherein, the planting box 11 at the top layer is 60cm lower than the roof or shed top, the distance between every two layers is 50cm, and the planting box 11 at the bottom layer is 10cm higher than the ground, so that the planting boxes can be conveniently poured into a reservoir;
step 3, discharging garlic bulbs by using a planting box 11: selecting a planting tray 60 capable of fixedly placing garlic bulbs with proper density, wherein the diameter of a round hole of a planting hole 61 on the planting tray 60 is 5cm, the planting tray is embedded into a planting box 11 with a wide upper opening, and 10kg of garlic bulbs can be discharged per square meter; a water filling port 12 on the planting box 11 is higher than the tray by 1cm, an overflow port 13 is lower than the tray by 1cm, a water discharge port 14 is normally plugged, and the water discharge port 14 is used for replacing a water source;
step 4, connecting a circulating water pipe: the water reservoir 30 supplies water into the heater 40; the hot water is conveyed to the water mixing valve 50, and the water temperature is adjusted with the cold water source 20 connected to the water mixing valve 50; the water mixing valve 50 is communicated with the water filling port 12 of the planting box 11 and is used for filling water, when the water level of the top planting box 11 reaches the overflow port 13, water flows into the water filling port 12 of the next planting box 11 until the water on the overflow port 13 of the bottom planting box 11 flows into the water storage tank 30, and then the water in the water storage tank 30 is conveyed into the heater 40 through the water pump 31, so that circulation is realized;
step 5, temperature and humidity adjustment: the temperature and humidity of the growth of the blanched garlic leaves are regulated by utilizing the water temperature and the water quantity, the growth temperature of the blanched garlic leaves is controlled to be 16-22 ℃, the development is influenced by too low temperature, and the excessive growth is caused by too high temperature, so that plants are lodging, rotten and burnt, and the quality and the yield are influenced; the blanched garlic leaves are kept moist all the time, and when the moisture is particularly high, the water outlet 14 is unscrewed to regulate the growth moisture of the blanched garlic leaves; the yellow garlic cannot be seen by light, and the yellow garlic turns green when being seen by light, so that the quality of the yellow garlic is reduced; ventilation is needed for culturing the blanched garlic leaves, and air is released at proper time, so that excessive carbon dioxide and waste gas are discharged;
step 6, harvesting two garlic sprouts: the standard height of the harvested blanched garlic leaves is 40cm after the blanched garlic leaves are sowed and harvested for 21 days; harvesting two crops of yellow garlic in one season, and harvesting once again after 17 days; the first crop of the garlic leaves has a higher yield of 11kg per square meter, the yield of the garlic leaves collected in two crops is reduced, 5kg per square meter, the garlic leaves are pulled up together with the first crop of the garlic leaves when the first crop of the garlic leaves is collected in two crops, and the garlic leaves grow in the second season, so that the annual production is carried out.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the above-mentioned water heating type garlic clove cultivating apparatus includes a cultivating apparatus 10 for cultivating garlic clove, a heater 40 for heating the cultivating apparatus with water, a water reservoir 30 for collecting overflow water in the cultivating apparatus 10 and supplying water to the heater 40, and a cold water source 20;
the hot water heated by the heater 40 and the water provided by the cold water source 20 are mixed by the water mixing valve 50 to the planting device 10 for storing and cultivating the blanched garlic leaves.
The planting device 10 is composed of a plurality of planting boxes 11 which are arranged up and down;
a water filling port 12 and an overflow port 13 are arranged on the side wall of the planting box 11;
the water filling port 12 is 3-5cm higher than the overflow port 13;
the planting boxes 11 are arranged up and down, namely the overflow port 13 of the previous planting box 11 is communicated with the water filling port 12 of the next planting box 11;
a water outlet 14 is arranged at the bottom of the planting box 11;
a planting tray 60 is placed in the planting box 11; the planting tray 60 is provided with a plurality of planting holes 61 for placing garlic bulbs.
The water source in the reservoir 30 is delivered to the heater 40 by the water pump 31.
The heater 40 is a solar water heater or an electric water heater. Preferably a solar water heater.
The cold water source 20 is municipal or deep well water.
The water mixing valve is used for adjusting the water temperature of the water for planting the blanched garlic leaves.
The use method of the water heating type garlic clove cultivating device comprises the following steps: injecting water into the water reservoir 30, starting the water pump 31 at the same time, conveying the water in the water reservoir 30 into the heater 40, heating the water, conveying the water to the water mixing valve, conveying the cold water source 20 to the water mixing valve, adjusting the water temperature, injecting the water into the planting box 11, and returning the water into the water reservoir 30 when the water amount exceeds the overflow port 13 to form water circulation; after the water temperature is stable, placing garlic bulbs on the planting tray 60; the water in the reservoir 30 may be periodically replaced through the drain opening 14.
Example 2:
the water heating type garlic clove cultivating device is used for cultivating garlic cloves, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, selecting varieties and garlic seeds: in 10 days 11 months in 2020, purple garlic with high germination speed, growth speed, large garlic clove and high yield is selected. The garlic seeds are selected to have good quality and high yield and have no diseases, pests or rot.
Step 2, building a three-dimensional multilayer support: building iron or aluminum alloy three-dimensional supports, designing the number of layers according to the indoor or in-shed height, generally 3 layers of frames, placing planting boxes 11 on each layer, and communicating the planting boxes 11 on the upper layer with water injection ports 12 of planting boxes 11 on the lower layer through overflow ports 13 of the planting boxes 11 on the upper layer, so as to realize the mutual communication of the planting boxes 11 on each layer; wherein, the planting box 11 at the top layer is 60cm lower than the roof or shed top, the distance between every two layers is 50cm, and the planting box 11 at the bottom layer is 10cm higher than the ground, so that the planting boxes can be conveniently poured into a reservoir;
step 3, discharging garlic bulbs by using a planting box 11: selecting a planting tray 60 capable of fixedly placing garlic bulbs with proper density, wherein the diameter of a round hole of a planting hole 61 on the planting tray 60 is 3cm, the planting tray is embedded into a planting box 11 with a wide upper opening, and 15kg of garlic bulbs can be arranged per square meter; a water filling port 12 on the planting box 11 is higher than the tray by 1cm, an overflow port 13 is lower than the tray by 1cm, a water discharge port 14 is normally plugged, and the water discharge port 14 is used for replacing a water source;
step 4, connecting a circulating water pipe: the water reservoir 30 supplies water into the heater 40; the hot water is conveyed to the water mixing valve 50, and the water temperature is adjusted with the cold water source 20 connected to the water mixing valve 50; the water mixing valve 50 is communicated with the water filling port 12 of the planting box 11 and is used for filling water, when the water level of the top planting box 11 reaches the overflow port 13, water flows into the water filling port 12 of the next planting box 11 until the water on the overflow port 13 of the bottom planting box 11 flows into the water storage tank 30, and then the water in the water storage tank 30 is conveyed into the heater 40 through the water pump 31, so that circulation is realized;
step 5, temperature and humidity adjustment: the temperature and humidity of the growth of the blanched garlic leaves are regulated by utilizing the water temperature and the water quantity, the growth temperature of the blanched garlic leaves is controlled to be 16-22 ℃, the development is influenced by too low temperature, and the excessive growth is caused by too high temperature, so that plants are lodging, rotten and burnt, and the quality and the yield are influenced; the blanched garlic leaves are kept moist all the time, and when the moisture is particularly high, the water outlet 14 is unscrewed to regulate the growth moisture of the blanched garlic leaves; the yellow garlic is invisible and turns green when being exposed to light, so that the quality of the yellow garlic is reduced; ventilation is needed for culturing the blanched garlic leaves, and air is released at proper time, so that excessive carbon dioxide and waste gas are discharged;
step 6, harvesting two garlic sprouts: the standard height of the harvesting of the blanched garlic leaves is 35cm from sowing to harvesting for 22 days. Harvesting the blanched garlic leaves twice in one season, and harvesting the blanched garlic leaves once after 18 days. The first crop of the garlic leaves has higher yield of 9.8kg per square meter, the yield of the garlic leaves collected in two crops is reduced to 6.2kg per square meter, the garlic leaves are pulled up together with the first crop of the garlic leaves when the two crops are collected, and the garlic leaves grow in the second season to carry out annual production.
The water heating type garlic clove cultivating apparatus is the same as that of embodiment 1.
Example 3:
the water heating type garlic clove cultivating device is used for cultivating garlic cloves, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, selecting varieties and garlic seeds: in 2021, 1 month and 5 days, selecting the variety of purple skin big six petals which have quick germination, quick growth speed, big garlic cloves and high yield. The garlic seeds are selected to have good quality and high yield and have no diseases, pests or rot.
Step 2, building a three-dimensional multilayer support: building iron or aluminum alloy three-dimensional supports, designing the number of layers according to the indoor or in-shed height, generally 3 layers of frames, placing planting boxes 11 on each layer, and communicating the planting boxes 11 on the upper layer with water injection ports 12 of planting boxes 11 on the lower layer through overflow ports 13 of the planting boxes 11 on the upper layer, so as to realize the mutual communication of the planting boxes 11 on each layer; wherein, the planting box 11 at the top layer is 60cm lower than the roof or shed top, the distance between every two layers is 50cm, and the planting box 11 at the bottom layer is 10cm higher than the ground, so that the planting boxes can be conveniently poured into a reservoir;
step 3, discharging garlic bulbs by using a planting box 11: selecting a planting tray 60 capable of fixedly placing garlic bulbs with proper density, wherein the diameter of a round hole of a planting hole 61 on the planting tray 60 is 4cm, the planting tray is embedded into a planting box 11 with a wide upper opening, and 13kg of garlic bulbs can be discharged per square meter; a water filling port 12 on the planting box 11 is higher than the tray by 1cm, an overflow port 13 is lower than the tray by 1cm, a water discharge port 14 is normally plugged, and the water discharge port 14 is used for replacing a water source;
step 4, connecting a circulating water pipe: the water reservoir 30 supplies water into the heater 40; the hot water is conveyed to the water mixing valve 50, and the water temperature is adjusted with the cold water source 20 connected to the water mixing valve 50; the water mixing valve 50 is communicated with the water filling port 12 of the planting box 11 and is used for filling water, when the water level of the top planting box 11 reaches the overflow port 13, water flows into the water filling port 12 of the next planting box 11 until the water on the overflow port 13 of the bottom planting box 11 flows into the water storage tank 30, and then the water in the water storage tank 30 is conveyed into the heater 40 through the water pump 31, so that circulation is realized;
step 5, temperature and humidity adjustment: the temperature and humidity of the growth of the blanched garlic leaves are regulated by utilizing the water temperature and the water quantity, the growth temperature of the blanched garlic leaves is controlled to be 16-22 ℃, the development is influenced by too low temperature, and the excessive growth is caused by too high temperature, so that plants are lodging, rotten and burnt, and the quality and the yield are influenced; the blanched garlic leaves are kept moist all the time, and when the moisture is particularly high, the water outlet 14 is unscrewed to regulate the growth moisture of the blanched garlic leaves; the yellow garlic cannot be seen by light, and the yellow garlic turns green when being seen by light, so that the quality of the yellow garlic is reduced; ventilation is needed for culturing the blanched garlic leaves, and air is released at proper time, so that excessive carbon dioxide and waste gas are discharged;
step 6, harvesting two garlic sprouts: the standard height of the harvesting is 38cm from sowing to harvesting for 20 days. Harvesting two crops of yellow garlic in one season, and harvesting once more in 18 days. The first crop of the garlic leaves has a higher yield of 10.1kg per square meter, the yield of the garlic leaves collected in two crops is reduced to 7.3 kg per square meter, the garlic leaves are pulled up during the two crop of the garlic leaves, the garlic leaves and other wastes are thoroughly cleaned, the spread of soil-borne diseases and insect pests of the garlic leaves is avoided, and meanwhile, the garlic leaves grow in the second season to carry out annual production.
The water heating type garlic clove cultivating apparatus is the same as that of embodiment 1.
Claims (6)
1. The annual production three-dimensional cultivation method of the garlic is characterized in that: the water heating type garlic clove cultivating device is used for cultivating garlic cloves, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1) selecting varieties and garlic seeds: selecting varieties with fast germination, fast growth speed, large garlic cloves and high yield; the growth of the blanched garlic mainly utilizes the nutrients of garlic cloves, and garlic seeds with good quality, high yield and no diseases, insect pests or rot are selected;
step 2) building a three-dimensional multilayer support: building iron or aluminum alloy three-dimensional supports, designing the number of layers according to the indoor or in-shed height, generally 3-4 layers, placing planting boxes (11) on each layer, and communicating the planting boxes (11) on each layer through an overflow port (13) of the planting box (11) on the upper layer and a water injection port (12) of the planting box (11) on the lower layer; wherein the planting box (11) at the top layer is 60cm lower than the roof or shed roof, the distance between every two layers is 50cm, and the planting box (11) at the bottom layer is 10cm higher than the ground, so that the planting boxes can be conveniently poured into a reservoir;
step 3), discharging garlic bulbs by using a planting box (11): selecting a planting tray (60) capable of fixedly placing garlic bulbs with proper density, wherein the diameter of a round hole of a planting hole (61) on the planting tray (60) is 3-5cm, the planting tray is embedded into a planting box (11) with a wide upper opening, and 10-15kg of garlic bulbs can be arranged per square meter; a water injection port (12) on the planting box (11) is higher than the tray by 1cm, an overflow port (13) is lower than the tray by 1cm, a water discharge port (14) is normally plugged, and the water discharge port (14) is used for replacing a water source;
step 4), connecting a circulating water pipe: the water reservoir (30) supplies water to the heater (40); the hot water is conveyed to the water mixing valve (50) and is adjusted with a cold water source (20) connected to the water mixing valve (50); the water mixing valve (50) is communicated with a water filling port (12) of the planting box (11) and is filled with water, when the water level of the top planting box (11) reaches the overflow port (13), water flows into the water filling port (12) of the next planting box (11) until the water of the overflow port (13) on the bottom planting box (11) flows into the reservoir (30), and then the water in the reservoir (30) is conveyed into the heater (40) through the water pump (31), so that circulation is realized;
step 5) temperature and humidity adjustment: the growth temperature and humidity of the blanched garlic leaves are regulated and controlled by utilizing the water temperature and the water quantity, the growth temperature of the blanched garlic leaves is controlled to be 16-22 ℃, the development is influenced by too low temperature, and the excessive growth is caused by too high temperature, so that plants are lodging, rotten and burnt, and the quality and the yield are influenced; the blanched garlic leaves are kept moist all the time, and when the moisture is particularly high, the water outlet (14) is unscrewed to regulate the growth moisture of the blanched garlic leaves; the yellow garlic cannot be seen by light, and the yellow garlic turns green when being seen by light, so that the quality of the yellow garlic is reduced; ventilation is needed for culturing the blanched garlic leaves, and air is released at proper time, so that excessive carbon dioxide and waste gas are discharged;
step 6) harvesting two crops of blanched garlic: the standard height of the harvesting is 35-40cm, and the yield ratio is 0.9-1.3 from sowing to harvesting for 20-25 days generally; harvesting two crops of the first season of the yellow garlic, and harvesting once again in 15-20 days; bundling the collected blanched garlic leaves into bundles, and drying the bundles in the sun for 1 hour to ensure that the blanched garlic leaves are golden, the output of the blanched garlic leaves of the first crop is higher and is 8-10kg per square meter, the output of the blanched garlic leaves of the second crop is reduced, and is 5-7 kg per square meter, the blanched garlic leaves are pulled up together when the second crop is collected, the waste in a planting box (11) is thoroughly cleaned, the spread of soil-borne diseases and insect pests of the blanched garlic leaves is avoided, and meanwhile, the blanched garlic leaves grow in the second season to carry out annual production;
the water heating type garlic clove cultivating device comprises a planting device (10) for cultivating garlic cloves, a heater (40) for heating water for the planting device, a water storage tank (30) for collecting overflow water in the planting device (10) and supplying water to the heater (40), and a cold water source (20);
the hot water heated by the heater (40) and the water provided by the cold water source (20) are used for storing water and cultivating the blanched garlic leaves in the planting device (10) through the water mixing valve (50).
2. The annual production three-dimensional cultivation method of garlic according to claim 1, characterized in that: the planting device (10) is composed of a plurality of planting boxes (11) which are arranged up and down;
a water filling port (12) and an overflow port (13) are arranged on the side wall of the planting box (11);
the water injection port (12) is 3-5cm higher than the overflow port (13);
the planting boxes (11) are arranged up and down, namely the overflow port (13) of the previous planting box (11) is communicated with the water filling port (12) of the next planting box (11);
a water outlet (14) is formed in the bottom of the planting box (11);
a planting tray (60) is placed in the planting box (11); the planting tray (60) is provided with a plurality of planting holes (61) for placing garlic bulbs.
3. The annual production three-dimensional cultivation method of garlic according to claim 2, characterized in that: the water source in the water reservoir (30) is conveyed to the heater (40) through a water pump (31).
4. The annual production three-dimensional cultivation method of garlic according to claim 3, characterized in that: the heater (40) is a solar water heater or an electric water heater.
5. The annual production three-dimensional cultivation method of garlic according to claim 3, characterized in that: the cold water source (20) is municipal water supply or deep well water.
6. The annual production three-dimensional cultivation method of garlic according to claim 3, characterized in that: the water mixing valve is used for adjusting the water temperature of the water for planting the blanched garlic leaves.
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