CN113099464B - Wireless sensor network deployment method and computer readable medium for power distribution network - Google Patents
Wireless sensor network deployment method and computer readable medium for power distribution network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A wireless sensor network deployment method facing a power distribution network and a computer readable medium storing a channel detection program include acquiring a path fading index of an initial wireless sensor networkAnd signal fading at reference distanceAdding a wireless node in the initial wireless sensor network to form a wireless sensor network to be confirmed, and measuring the path fading index of the wireless sensor network to be confirmedSignal fading at reference distanceCorrecting path fading indexCorrecting for signal fading at a reference distanceAnd determining whether the wireless node is successfully deployed according to the logarithmic distance path loss model. Through the verification of the actually measured data of the application environment, the influence of the restriction factors such as the radio frequency interference of the power distribution network, the dynamic change of a channel and the like can be reduced, and the effectiveness of the deployed wireless node is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless sensor network deployment, in particular to a wireless sensor network deployment method facing a power distribution network and a computer readable medium storing a channel detection program.
Background
The wireless sensor network works in a typical low-power lossy channel, and the power distribution network has the characteristics of serious radio frequency interference, complex environment and the like on site, so that the working channel of the wireless sensor network is highly variable and has poor reliability. The existing wireless sensor network deployment method is based on a channel model for deployment, after deployment, the network performance is seriously dependent on the adopted channel model, and the high dynamic change of the channel makes a static channel model difficult to accurately estimate the channel quality, so that the network reliability cannot be ensured. Therefore, a system capable of ensuring the reliability of a deployed network in a complex radio frequency environment is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a distribution network-oriented wireless sensor network deployment method and a computer-readable medium storing a channel detection program so as to deploy a reliable wireless sensor network in a distribution network environment with complex radio frequency.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a wireless sensor network deployment method facing a power distribution network comprises the following steps:
acquiring a first channel physical quantity of an initial wireless sensor network, wherein the first channel physical quantity comprises a path fading indexAnd at a reference distanceSignal fading ofThe initial wireless sensor network meets the communication requirement estimated by a logarithmic distance path loss model;
adding a wireless node in an initial wireless sensor network to form a wireless sensor network to be confirmed, and measuring a second channel physical quantity of the wireless sensor network to be confirmed, wherein the second channel physical quantity comprises a path fading indexAnd signal fading at reference distance
Correcting path fading indexCorrecting for signal fading at a reference distanceAnd estimating whether the wireless sensor network to be confirmed meets the communication requirement or not by using a logarithmic distance path loss model, and if the wireless sensor network to be confirmed meets the communication requirement, determining that the wireless node is successfully deployed.
Preferably, the logarithmic distance path loss model is
In the formula, P r (d) Representing the received signal strength as a function of distance d, p t For transmitting power, PL is signal fading at a reference distance, α is a path fading index, d is a distance between a transmitting end and a receiving end, and d is 0 Is a reference distance.
Preferably, the method for calculating the average path fading index comprises the following steps:
the transmitting end passes through a channel to be testedTransmitting n data packets to a receiving end, and measuring signal fading PL = { PL ] of the data packets at a reference distance 1 ,pl 2 ,…,pl n At the receiving end, the signal receiving strength P of the received data packet is measured r ={p r1 ,p r2 ,…,p rn };
Combined transmission power P t Distance d between sending end and receiving end and reference distance d 0 Measuring and calculating the path fading index alpha of the ith (i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n) data packet i Wherein the path fading index
In the formula, P t For transmission power, PL i For signal fading, pr, of the ith packet at the reference distance i The signal receiving strength of the ith data packet received by the receiving end, d is the distance between the transmitting end and the receiving end, d 0 Is a reference distance; transmission power p t Distance d between sending end and receiving end and reference distance d 0 Are known quantities associated with the measurement system.
A computer-readable medium storing a channel detection program, the channel detection program comprising a channel model maintenance module, an operation module, an output module, and an input module;
the channel model maintenance module is used for updating a channel model, setting the channel model before updating as an initial channel model, adding a model of a wireless node in the initial channel model as a channel model to be confirmed, and the initial channel model comprises a path fading indexSignal fading at reference distance
The input module is used for inputting the channel measurement physical quantity of the channel model to be confirmed, and the channel measurement physical quantity comprises signal fading of the ith (i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n) data packet at the reference distanceThe signal receiving strength of the ith (i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n) data packet received by the receiving end
The operation module is used for calculating the corrected path fading index of the channel model to be confirmedAnd corrected signal fading at reference distanceCalculating the corrected path fading index of the channel model to be confirmedAnd corrected signal fading at reference distanceComprises the following steps:
calculating the path fading index of the ith (i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n) data packet received by the receiving end by combining the channel measurement physical quantityWherein the path fading index
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,in order to transmit the power, the power is,for the signal fading of the ith packet at the reference distance,signal reception strength of the i-th packet received by the receiving end, d + Distance between transmitting end and receiving end, d 0 Is a reference distance; transmitting powerDistance d between transmitting end and receiving end + And a reference distance d 0 All are known quantities related to the measuring system, and can be arranged in the operation module or input by the input module.
The output module is used for outputting the channel model updating result and outputting the channel detection instruction of the channel model to be confirmed.
The channel model is a logarithmic distance path loss model, the logarithmic distance path loss model is used for estimating whether the wireless sensor network to be confirmed meets the communication requirement, if the wireless sensor network to be confirmed meets the communication requirement, the channel model maintenance module updates the initial channel model, so that the path fading index of a new initial channel modelValue takingFading signal at reference distance of new initial channel modelValue takingAnd sending the channel model updating result as the updating is successful. And if the wireless sensor network to be confirmed does not meet the communication requirement, the channel model maintenance module discards the channel model to be confirmed and sends a channel model updating result as updating failure.
Preferably, the channel detection program further includes a wireless node simulation deployment module, configured to generate a wireless node deployment position in the initial channel model, and generate a channel detection instruction of the channel model to be confirmed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by correcting the path fading index and the correction signal fading at the reference distance and combining the logarithmic distance path loss model, the adverse effect of the radio frequency interference of the power distribution network on the deployment of the wireless sensor network can be reduced, the restriction of the static channel deployment model on the channel communication quality under dynamic change is reduced, the effectiveness of the deployed wireless nodes is improved, and the deployment of the wireless sensor network can be guided.
2. The channel detection procedure of the present invention may be run to direct the deployment of wireless nodes in a wireless communication network.
3. When the channel detection program further comprises a wireless node simulation deployment module, the wireless node deployment can be guided in the initial channel model more conveniently, and the effectiveness of the channel detection instruction is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wireless sensor network deployment system facing a power distribution network.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a local service module of a wireless sensor network deployment system facing a power distribution network.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a channel measurement module of a wireless sensor network deployment system facing a power distribution network.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described below in terms of embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to assist those skilled in the art in understanding and implementing the present invention. Unless otherwise indicated, the following embodiments and technical terms therein should not be understood to depart from the background of the technical knowledge in the technical field.
The invention discloses a distribution network-oriented wireless sensor network deployment method, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring a first channel physical quantity of an initial wireless sensor network, wherein the first channel physical quantity comprises a path fading indexSignal fading at reference distanceThe initial wireless sensor network meets the communication requirements estimated by the log-distance path loss model.
Adding a wireless node in an initial wireless sensor network to form a wireless sensor network to be confirmed, and measuring a second channel physical quantity of the wireless sensor network to be confirmed, wherein the second channel physical quantity comprises a path fading indexSignal fading at reference distanceAnd actually measuring the physical quantity of the second channel in the wireless sensor network to be confirmed, so that channel communication quality data under the radio frequency interference and channel dynamic change of the power distribution network can be obtained.
Correcting channel fading indexCorrecting for signal fading at reference distancesAnd estimating whether the wireless sensor network to be confirmed meets the communication requirement or not by using a logarithmic distance path loss model, and if the wireless sensor network meets the communication requirement, determining that the wireless node is deployed successfully. And if the log-distance path loss model does not meet the communication requirement, abandoning the wireless node deployment and re-deploying the wireless node. The deployed wireless nodes are verified on site by combining with channel communication quality data under the radio frequency interference of the power distribution network and the dynamic change of the channel, so that the adverse effect of the radio frequency interference of the power distribution network on the deployment of the wireless sensor network is reduced, the restriction of a static channel deployment model on the channel communication quality under the dynamic change is reduced, and the effectiveness of the deployed wireless nodes is improved.
Example 1: a wireless sensor network deployment method facing a power distribution network comprises the following steps:
acquiring a first channel physical quantity of an initial wireless sensor network, wherein the first channel physical quantity comprises a path fading indexSignal fading at reference distanceThe initial wireless sensor network accords with the communication requirement estimated by a logarithmic distance path loss model;
adding a wireless node in an initial wireless sensor network to form a wireless sensor network to be confirmed, and measuring a second channel physical quantity of the wireless sensor network to be confirmed, wherein the second channel physical quantity comprises a path fading indexSignal fading at reference distance
Specifically, a sending end is deployed at one end of a channel to be detected, a receiving end is deployed at the other end of the channel to be detected, and the sending end sends n (n is a non-0 natural number) data packets to the receiving end. Each data packet is a channel measurement sample, and the larger n is, the smaller the influence of accidental errors on the method is.
Measuring signal fading of data packets at a reference distanceMeasuring the signal reception strength of received data packets at the receiving endTransmitted powerDistance d between transmitting end and receiving end + And a reference distance d 0 All are known quantities related to the measuring system, and can be obtained through actual measurement.
Calculating the path fading index of the ith (i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n) data packet received by the receiving end by combining the physical quantity of the channel measurementWherein the path fading index
In the formula, P r (d) Representing the signal loss between the transceiver devices as a function of the distance d,in order to transmit the power, the power is,for the signal fading of the ith packet at the reference distance,signal reception strength of the i-th packet received for the receiving end, d + Distance between transmitting end and receiving end, d 0 Is prepared from radix GinsengExamining the distance;
Modified path fading indexCorrecting signal fading at reference distanceEstimating whether the wireless sensor network to be confirmed meets the communication requirement by using a logarithmic distance path loss model, wherein,
the logarithmic distance path loss model is
In the formula, P r (d) Representing the received signal strength as a function of distance d, p t For transmitting power, PL is signal fading at a reference distance, alpha is a path fading index, d is a distance between a transmitting end and a receiving end, and d is 0 Is a reference distance.
And if the wireless sensor network to be confirmed meets the communication requirement, determining that the wireless node is successfully deployed. And if the wireless sensor network to be confirmed does not meet the communication requirement, abandoning the wireless node deployment, and relocating the wireless node.
Example 2: a computer readable medium storing a channel detection program, the channel detection program comprising a channel model maintenance module, a wireless node simulation deployment module, an operation module, an output module and an input module;
the channel model maintenance module is used for updating the channel model, setting the channel model before updating as an initial channel model, and adding a model of a wireless node in the initial channel modelFor the channel model to be validated, the initial channel model comprises a path fading indexAnd signal fading at reference distance
The wireless node simulation deployment module is used for generating a wireless node deployment position in the initial channel model and generating a channel detection instruction of the channel model to be confirmed; the wireless node simulation deployment module is used for deploying one, two or more wireless node deployment positions generated in the initial channel model, but when the channel detection program is operated, only one wireless node is deployed before the channel model is updated successfully, that is, if the channel model is updated unsuccessfully, the wireless node at the wireless node deployment position where the wireless node is actually measured and is not suitable to be deployed needs to be discarded, and then other wireless node deployment positions are selected to deploy the wireless node.
The input module is used for inputting the channel measurement physical quantity of the channel model to be confirmed, wherein the channel measurement physical quantity comprises the signal fading of the ith (i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n) data packet at the reference distanceThe signal receiving intensity of the ith (i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n) data packet received by the receiving end
The operation module is used for calculating the corrected path fading index of the channel model to be confirmedAnd corrected signal fading at reference distanceCalculating the corrected path fading index of the channel model to be confirmedAnd corrected signal fading at reference distanceComprises the following steps:
calculating the path fading index of the ith (i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n) data packet received by the receiving end by combining the physical quantity of the channel measurementWherein the path fading index
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,in order to transmit the power, the power is,for the signal fading of the ith packet at the reference distance,signal reception strength of the i-th packet received by the receiving end, d + Distance between transmitting end and receiving end, d 0 Is a reference distance; transmitting powerDistance d between transmitting end and receiving end + And a reference distance d 0 All are known quantities related to the measuring system, and can be arranged in the operation module or input by the input module.
The output module is used for outputting the channel model updating result and outputting the channel detection instruction of the channel model to be confirmed.
The channel model is a logarithmic distance path loss model, the logarithmic distance path loss model is used for estimating whether the wireless sensor network to be confirmed meets the communication requirement, if the wireless sensor network to be confirmed meets the communication requirement, the channel model maintenance module updates the initial channel model, so that the path fading index of a new initial channel modelValue takingFading signal at reference distance of new initial channel modelValue takingAnd sending the channel model updating result as the updating is successful. And if the wireless sensor network to be confirmed does not meet the communication requirement, the channel model maintenance module discards the channel model to be confirmed and sends a channel model updating result as updating failure.
Example 3: aiming at the problem that the existing deployment method based on the static channel model is difficult to deploy the reliable wireless sensor network in the power distribution network environment with complex radio frequency, the embodiment utilizes the sending end and the receiving end of the channel measurement module to sequentially and actually measure the channels between the deployment positions, and transmits the measured information back to the local service module to adjust the adopted channel model in real time, thereby ensuring the reliability of the deployed network.
As shown in fig. 1, a wireless sensor network deployment system facing a power distribution network includes a local service module and a channel measurement module.
The local service module is used for dynamically maintaining and updating the channel model of the deployment area. As shown in fig. 2, the local service module includes a server side and a wireless communication module, and the wireless communication module is used for communicating with the channel measurement module. When the device is used, the local service module generates a deployment scheme in real time according to an adopted deployment algorithm based on the current channel model, then generates channel information to be measured according to the deployment scheme, sends the information to the channel measurement module, and finally the local service module receives returned field channel measurement data and updates the channel model according to the data.
As shown in fig. 3, the channel measurement module has a transmitting end and a receiving end, and the two modules have the same structure, that is, the two modules are composed of a microcontroller module, a wireless communication module and a battery. The sending end is used for receiving a channel signal to be tested sent from the local service module. Examples given in this figure are (1, 2), (1, 5) (1, 6), (2, 5), (2, 7), (5, 6), (5, 8), (5, 7), (7, 3), (7, 4), (3, 4) of the measurements required at this time. After receiving the channels to be measured, the actual measurement of each channel can be started. When actually measuring the channel (x, y), the transmitting end is first put to the position x, and the receiving end is deployed to the position y. Then, measurement is started, firstly, the sending end sends n data packets to the receiving end, then, the receiving end sends responses to the n data packets to the sending end, and then, the receiving end extracts required channel information such as packet receiving rate, received signal strength, substrate noise and the like from the received responses. And finally, after all the channels are measured in sequence, the sending end sends the measurement result to the local service module so that the local service module can update the channel model.
In the wireless sensor network deployment system facing the power distribution network, the following steps are operated in a local service module:
an initialization step, which is used for initializing a channel model (common channel models such as a 0-1 model, a lognormal fading model, a rayleigh fading model and the like);
a deployment generation step, namely generating the deployment position of the wireless node by using the adopted deployment algorithm;
a channel measurement instruction generation step, which is to generate a channel measurement instruction according to the deployment position of the wireless node;
a channel measurement instruction sending step, in which a channel measurement instruction is sent to a receiving end of a channel measurement module;
a channel measurement signal receiving step of receiving a channel measurement signal sent by a channel measurement module;
and a channel model updating step, namely updating the channel model according to the received channel measurement signal.
In the wireless sensor network deployment system facing the power distribution network, the following steps are operated in a channel measurement module:
a channel measurement instruction receiving step of receiving a channel measurement instruction;
a channel measuring step, measuring a channel according to the channel measuring instruction to obtain a channel measuring signal;
and a channel measurement information returning step of returning the channel measurement signal to the local service module.
Overall, the following steps are present:
step 1, firstly, generating a deployment scheme of this time according to an adopted deployment algorithm and a current channel model, wherein an example of the deployment scheme is shown in a left-side diagram of the step, each point is a position to be deployed, a number is a serial number of each node, and if a connection line exists between the two points, the situation that a channel between the two points needs to be measured is shown;
step 3 is used to receive the channel measurement results and update the channel model according to these results.
The designed devices of the embodiment all adopt low-cost wireless communication modules, and high-cost special devices (such as a spectrum analyzer, a signal generator and the like) are not needed. In addition, the channel measurement module designed by the embodiment is composed of a microcontroller, a wireless communication module, a battery and the like, so that the channel measurement module is convenient to hold and move.
In the embodiment, in the deployment process, the channel information between the deployment positions can be measured in real time, and the corresponding channel model is updated in real time, so that the reliability of the deployed network can be better ensured.
Example 4: a wireless sensor network deployment method facing a power distribution network comprises a step of deploying wireless nodes successively, wherein the step of deploying the wireless nodes successively comprises the following sub-steps:
step 1, deploying a wireless node on the basis of an initial wireless sensor network to obtain a wireless sensor network to be updated;
step 3, measuring a channel in the wireless sensor network to be updated, and measuring the physical quantity of the channel;
and 4, after the channel physical quantity meets the communication requirement of the wireless sensor network, enabling the initial wireless sensor network to be the wireless sensor network to be updated, and updating the initial wireless sensor network.
The invention is described in detail above with reference to the figures and examples. It should be understood that in practice the description of all possible embodiments is not exhaustive and that the inventive concepts are described herein as far as possible by way of illustration. Without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention and without paying creative efforts, those skilled in the art should belong to the specific embodiments formed by making a selection and a combination of technical features and experimental changes of specific parameters in the above embodiments, or by making a conventional replacement of the disclosed technical means by using the prior art in the technical field, which are implicitly disclosed by the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A wireless sensor network deployment method facing a power distribution network is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a first channel physical quantity of an initial wireless sensor network, wherein the first channel physical quantity comprises a path fading indexAnd signal fading at reference distanceThe initial wireless sensor network meets the communication requirement estimated by a logarithmic distance path loss model;
adding a wireless node in an initial wireless sensor network to form a wireless sensor network to be confirmed, and measuring a second channel physical quantity of the wireless sensor network to be confirmed, wherein the second channel physical quantity comprises a path fading indexSignal fading at reference distance
Modified path fading indexCorrecting signal fading at reference distanceAnd estimating whether the wireless sensor network to be confirmed meets the communication requirement or not by using a logarithmic distance path loss model, and if the wireless sensor network to be confirmed meets the communication requirement, determining that the wireless node is deployed successfully.
2. The distribution network-oriented wireless sensor network deployment method of claim 1, wherein the logarithmic distance path loss model is
In the formula, P r (d) Representing the received signal strength as a function of distance d, p t For transmitting power, PL is signal fading at a reference distance, α is a path fading index, d is a distance between a transmitting end and a receiving end, and d is 0 Is a reference distance.
3. The method for deploying a power distribution network-oriented wireless sensor network according to claim 1, wherein the method for measuring and calculating the path fading index comprises the following steps:
the transmitting end transmits n data packets to the receiving end through the channel to be measured, and the signal fading PL = { PL) of the data packets is measured at the reference distance 1 ,pl 2 ,…,pl n At the receiving end, the signal receiving strength P of the received data packet is measured r ={p r1 ,p r2 ,…,p rn };
Combined transmission power P t Distance d between sending end and receiving end and reference distance d 0 Measuring and calculating the path fading index alpha of the ith (i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n) data packet i Wherein the path fading index
In the formula, P t For transmission power, PL i For signal fading, pr, of the ith packet at a reference distance i The signal receiving strength of the ith data packet received by the receiving end, d is the distance between the transmitting end and the receiving end, d 0 Is a reference distance;
4. A computer-readable medium storing a channel detection program, wherein the channel detection program comprises a channel model maintenance module, an input module, an operation module, and an output module;
the channel model maintenance module is used for updating the channel model, setting the channel model before updating as an initial channel model, and adding a none channel model in the initial channel modelThe model of the line node is a channel model to be confirmed, and the initial channel model comprises a path fading indexSignal fading at reference distance
The input module is used for inputting the channel measurement physical quantity of the channel model to be confirmed, and the channel measurement physical quantity comprises signal fading of the ith (i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n) data packet at the reference distanceThe signal receiving strength of the ith (i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n) data packet received by the receiving end
The operation module is used for calculating the corrected path fading index of the channel model to be confirmedAnd corrected signal fading at reference distanceCalculating the corrected path fading index of the channel model to be confirmedAnd correcting for signal fading at reference distancesComprises the following steps:
calculating the path fading index of the ith (i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n) data packet received by the receiving end by combining the channel measurement physical quantityWherein the path fading index
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,in order to transmit the power, the power is,for the signal fading of the ith packet at the reference distance,signal reception strength of the i-th packet received by the receiving end, d + Is the distance between the transmitting end and the receiving end, d 0 Is a reference distance;
The output module is used for outputting a channel model updating result and outputting a channel detection instruction of a channel model to be confirmed; the channel model is a logarithmic distance path loss model, the logarithmic distance path loss model is used for estimating whether the wireless sensor network to be confirmed meets the communication requirement, if the wireless sensor network to be confirmed meets the communication requirement, the channel model maintenance module updates the initial channel model, so that the path fading index of a new initial channel modelValue takingFading signal at reference distance of new initial channel modelValue takingAnd sending the channel model updating result as the updating is successful.
5. The computer-readable medium storing a channel sensing program of claim 4, wherein the channel sensing program further comprises a wireless node emulation deployment module for generating a wireless node deployment location in an initial channel model and generating channel sensing instructions for a channel model to be validated.
6. A computer-readable medium storing a channel detection program, wherein the channel detection program comprises a channel model maintenance module, an input module, an operation module, and an output module;
the channel model maintenance module is used for updating a channel model, setting the channel model before updating as an initial channel model, adding a model of a wireless node in the initial channel model as a channel model to be confirmed, and the initial channel model comprises a path fading indexSignal fading at reference distance
The input module is used for inputting channel measurement physical quantity of a channel model to be confirmed, and the channel measurement physical quantity comprises signal fading of the ith (i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n) data packet at a reference distanceThe signal receiving intensity of the ith (i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n) data packet received by the receiving end
The operation module is used for calculating the corrected path fading index of the channel model to be confirmedAnd corrected signal fading at reference distanceCalculating the corrected path fading index of the channel model to be confirmedAnd correcting for signal fading at reference distancesComprises the following steps:
calculating the path fading index of the ith (i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n) data packet received by the receiving end by combining the channel measurement physical quantityWherein the path fading index
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,in order to transmit the power, the power is,for the signal fading of the ith packet at the reference distance,signal reception strength of the i-th packet received by the receiving end, d + Distance between transmitting end and receiving end, d 0 Is a reference distance;
The output module is used for outputting the updating result of the channel model and outputting the channel detection instruction of the channel model to be confirmed;
the channel model is a logarithmic distance path loss model, the logarithmic distance path loss model is used for estimating whether the wireless sensor network to be confirmed meets the communication requirement, if the wireless sensor network to be confirmed does not meet the communication requirement, the channel model maintenance module discards the channel model to be confirmed and sends a channel model updating result to indicate that the updating fails.
7. The computer-readable medium storing a channel sensing program of claim 6, wherein the channel sensing program further comprises a wireless node emulation deployment module for generating a wireless node deployment location in an initial channel model and generating channel sensing instructions for a channel model to be validated.
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