CN113097535A - Water heat management system of self-humidifying fuel cell and control method thereof - Google Patents
Water heat management system of self-humidifying fuel cell and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
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- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
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Abstract
The invention discloses a self-humidifying fuel cell water heat management system and a control method thereof, and relates to the technical field of fuel cells. The air path system comprises a filter, an air compressor, a humidifier and an exhaust valve; the hydrogen way system comprises a high-pressure gas cylinder, a pressure reducing valve and an exhaust valve; the hydrogen circulating system comprises a hydrogen circulating pump, a gas-liquid separator and an electromagnetic valve; the cooling water path system comprises a water tank, a conductivity sensor, a water pump, a deionizer, a filter and a radiator; the invention also provides a control method of the system, namely, the actual pressure drop values of the two sides of the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell are measured by the pressure sensor, and then the actual pressure drop values are compared with the theoretical pressure drop values under the normal working condition of the fuel cell to judge the water content in the fuel cell, so that the corresponding hydrothermal management operation is executed aiming at the cathode side or the anode side, the control is accurate, and the water balance in the fuel cell is maintained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a self-humidifying fuel cell water heat management system and a control method thereof.
Background
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell releases electric energy through the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, and is not limited by the Carnot limit, so that the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is the most efficient hydrogen energy utilization mode at present. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells have a number of outstanding advantages, such as high energy conversion, high energy density, low noise, and zero emissions. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is flooded with water and membrane dry are the most common faults in the operation process, flooding faults can be generated when the water content in the fuel cell is too high, and membrane dry faults can be caused when the water content is not enough. The water flooding/membrane drying of the electric pile is mainly influenced by factors such as current, temperature, gas pressure, excess coefficient and the like. When thermal management and water management are unbalanced, liquid water is accumulated in a flow channel of the electric pile and a gas diffusion layer and cannot be discharged, or the water content of a proton exchange membrane is too little to influence the conduction of protons, so that the fuel cell enters a water flooded/membrane dry state to influence the normal work of the fuel cell, the durability of the system is reduced, and the service life of the system is shortened. Therefore, a rational water heat management system and a control method thereof are required to achieve water balance of the fuel cell.
The existing patent, for example, chinese patent application publication No. CN109799457A, published as 2019-05-24, discloses a fuel cell water management monitoring system and its working method, so as to find and adjust the water balance problem of the fuel cell in time, and at the same time, recycle the waste water with residual heat generated during the fuel cell working, but the system needs more components and is more complex; also, for example, chinese patent application publication No. CN110034315A, published as 2019-07-19, discloses a method for managing anode water of a fuel cell stack, and aims to provide a water management method that can simply and effectively solve the problem of performance degradation caused by uneven distribution of water inside the fuel cell stack, but does not consider the water content state of the cathode of the stack; also, for example, chinese patent application publication No. CN111864234A, published as 2020-10-30, discloses a closed-loop pressurized fuel cell water management system and control method, which determines the internal water state of a fuel cell stack through the inlet and outlet pressure changes and the water flow changes, and utilizes the closed-loop control method to close an oxygen exhaust channel, change an oxygen loop into a closed loop, and change an air inlet loop into a pressurized loop, thereby improving the water flooding problem of the fuel cell stack, but does not consider the water content problem of the anode of the stack.
In order to overcome the technical defects, the invention provides a self-humidifying fuel cell water heat management system and a control method thereof, so as to maintain the fuel cell in a normal water content state.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a self-humidifying fuel cell water heat management system and a control method thereof, so as to solve the problems of the prior art, and the self-humidifying fuel cell water heat management system and the control method thereof adopt water heat management operations aiming at both sides of a cathode and an anode by judging the water content conditions of both sides of the cathode and the anode so as to prevent the water flooding or the membrane drying from affecting the performance of the fuel cell, and further maintain the water balance inside the fuel cell.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a self-humidifying fuel cell water heat management system, which mainly comprises:
the air path system comprises a filter, an air compressor, a humidifier, a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor, a first temperature sensor and a first exhaust valve; the filter, the air compressor and the humidifier are sequentially connected in series, and the humidifier is connected to a cathode inlet of the fuel cell; the first pressure sensor and the first temperature sensor are connected between the cathode inlet and the humidifier; a second pressure sensor is arranged at the cathode outlet of the fuel cell, and the second pressure sensor is simultaneously connected with the first exhaust valve and the humidifier;
the hydrogen path system comprises a high-pressure gas cylinder, a third pressure sensor, a fourth pressure sensor, a second temperature sensor and a second exhaust valve; the high-pressure hydrogen bottle is connected to an anode inlet of the fuel cell, and the third pressure sensor and the second temperature sensor are connected between the high-pressure hydrogen bottle and the anode inlet; the second exhaust valve is connected to an anode outlet of the fuel cell, and the fourth pressure sensor is connected between the second exhaust valve and the anode outlet;
the hydrogen circulation system comprises a hydrogen circulation pump, a gas-liquid separator, a first circulation branch and a second circulation branch, and the gas-liquid separator is arranged on the first circulation branch or the second circulation branch; the first circulation branch and the second circulation branch are connected in parallel and then are connected with the hydrogen circulation pump in series; the hydrogen circulation system is connected in parallel between the anode outlet and the anode inlet;
a cooling water path system including a water tank, a conductivity sensor, a water pump, a deionizer, a filter, a fifth pressure sensor, a third temperature sensor, and/or a radiator; after the water tank, the conductivity sensor, the water pump and the filter are sequentially connected in series, the filter is connected to a cooling water inlet of the fuel cell, the water tank is connected to a cooling water outlet of the fuel cell, and the fifth pressure sensor and the third temperature sensor are connected between the cooling water inlet and the filter; the deionizer is connected in parallel between the cooling water inlet and the cooling water outlet; the radiators are connected in parallel with two ends of the water tank;
the air path system, the hydrogen circulation system and/or the cooling water path system are electrically connected with the controller.
Optionally, the system further comprises a first flow meter and/or a second flow meter; the first flowmeter is connected between the air compressor and the humidifier; the second flow meter is connected between the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder and the anode inlet.
Optionally, the hydrogen storage tank further comprises a pressure reducing valve, wherein the pressure reducing valve is connected between the high-pressure hydrogen bottle and the anode inlet; and the pressure reducing valve is provided with at least one stage along the flowing direction of the hydrogen. The pressure reducing valve can be provided with two stages along the flowing direction of the hydrogen, namely a first-stage pressure reducing valve and a second-stage pressure reducing valve are simultaneously arranged.
Optionally, a first electromagnetic valve is installed on the first circulation branch; and a second electromagnetic valve and the gas-liquid separator are arranged on the second circulation branch.
Optionally, the first exhaust valve is connected to the second pressure sensor through a first three-way valve, and an outlet of the first three-way valve is connected to the humidifier.
Optionally, one end of the hydrogen circulation system is connected between the high-pressure hydrogen bottle and the anode inlet through a second three-way valve, and the other end of the hydrogen circulation system is connected between the second exhaust valve and the anode outlet through a third three-way valve.
Optionally, one end of the second circulation branch is connected to the anode outlet through a fourth three-way valve, and an outlet of the fourth three-way valve is connected to one end of the first circulation branch; the other end of the second circulation branch is connected with the hydrogen circulation pump through a fifth three-way valve, and one inlet of the fifth three-way valve is connected with the other end of the first circulation branch.
Optionally, a sixth three-way valve and a seventh three-way valve are sequentially connected between the water tank and the cooling water inlet along a water flow direction, an inlet of the sixth three-way valve is connected with a water outlet of the radiator, and an outlet of the seventh three-way valve is connected with a water inlet of the deionizer; the cooling water outlet with connect gradually eighth three-way valve and ninth three-way valve along the rivers direction between the water tank, just an entry of eighth three-way valve with the delivery port of deionizer is connected, an export of ninth three-way valve with the water inlet of radiator is connected.
Meanwhile, the invention provides a control method based on the self-humidifying fuel cell hydrothermal management system, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: measuring the air flow, air temperature and/or air pressure at the cathode inlet; measuring the air pressure at the cathode outlet; measuring the hydrogen flow rate, hydrogen temperature and/or hydrogen pressure at the anode inlet; measuring the hydrogen pressure at the anode outlet; measuring the temperature and/or pressure at the cooling water inlet;
step two: and (3) after the controller acquires the numerical value measured in the step one, calculating actual pressure drop values of the two sides of the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell, and comparing the actual pressure drop values with theoretical pressure drop values of the two sides of the cathode and the anode under the normal working condition of the fuel cell by the controller to judge the water content state in the fuel cell: when the actual pressure drop value of the cathode side is larger than the theoretical pressure drop value, the cathode side of the fuel cell is in a water logging state; when the actual pressure drop value of the cathode side is smaller than the theoretical pressure drop value, the cathode side of the fuel cell is in a membrane dry state; when the actual pressure drop value of the anode side is larger than the theoretical pressure drop value, the anode side of the fuel cell is in a water logging state; when the actual pressure drop value of the anode side is smaller than the theoretical pressure drop value, the anode side of the fuel cell is in a membrane dry state;
step three; and (3) according to the water content state of the fuel cell judged by the controller in the step two, taking corresponding regulation and control measures:
step 3.1: when the controller judges that the cathode side of the fuel cell is in a water-flooded state, the first exhaust valve is opened discontinuously to generate pressure fluctuation by using redundant air, and meanwhile, the rotating speed of a fan in the radiator and the flow of the water pump are reduced through the controller to increase the temperature of the fuel cell, so that redundant accumulated water in the fuel cell is discharged by adopting a mode of pulse exhaust and increasing the temperature of the fuel cell;
step 3.2: when the controller judges that the cathode side of the fuel cell is in a dry membrane state, the controller increases the fan rotating speed in the radiator and the flow of the water pump to reduce the temperature of the fuel cell and further increase the water content in the fuel cell; in the normal working process, the first exhaust valve is in a closed state, the humidifier works, and the air at the cathode inlet is humidified by utilizing the moisture in the gas at the cathode outlet; step 3.3: when the controller judges that the anode side of the fuel cell is in a water-flooded state, the second exhaust valve is opened discontinuously to utilize redundant hydrogen to generate pressure fluctuation, and meanwhile, the rotating speed of a fan in the radiator and the flow of the water pump are reduced through the controller to increase the temperature of the fuel cell, so that redundant accumulated water in the fuel cell is discharged in a mode of pulse exhaust and fuel cell temperature increase; simultaneously starting a circulation branch added with the gas-liquid separator in the hydrogen circulation system, enabling the gas-liquid separator to start working, and simultaneously closing another circulation branch in the hydrogen circulation system;
step 3.4: when the controller judges that the anode side of the fuel cell is in a dry membrane state, the controller increases the fan rotating speed in the radiator and the flow of the water pump to reduce the temperature of the fuel cell and further increase the water content in the fuel cell; in the normal working process, the second electromagnetic valve is in a closed state, the gas-liquid separator does not work, the first electromagnetic valve is in an open state, and the anode outlet gas humidifies the anode inlet hydrogen through the hydrogen circulating pump. The controller is electrically connected with the air compressor, the first flowmeter, the second flowmeter, the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor, the third pressure sensor, the fourth pressure sensor, the fifth pressure sensor, the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the third temperature sensor, the pressure reducing valve, the first electromagnetic valve, the second electromagnetic valve, the first exhaust valve, the second exhaust valve, the hydrogen circulating pump, the water pump, the conductivity sensor, the fan and the like in a conventional mode so as to receive detection signals of all parts in real time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the self-humidifying fuel cell water heat management system and the control method thereof provided by the invention have the advantages that the system structure is simple and reasonable, the scheme considers the water content state of the cathode of the electric pile and the water content state of the anode of the electric pile integrally, the internal water content condition of the fuel cell at the moment is judged by comparing the actual pressure drop value of the cathode and the anode with the theoretical pressure drop value under the normal working state, the corresponding water heat management operation is further executed, the normal water content state of the fuel cell is maintained, and the control method is simple, convenient and easy to implement. The invention has the following specific beneficial effects:
1) according to the invention, the water content conditions of the two sides of the cathode and the anode are judged through the cathode and anode voltage drop, and the regulation and control operation aiming at the cathode side or the anode side is carried out correspondingly, so that the method has higher pertinence and higher control precision;
2) the invention uses the exhaust of the cathode and anode outlets to humidify the gas of the cathode and anode inlets through the humidifier and the hydrogen circulating pump, so as to achieve the self-humidifying effect;
3) the invention is additionally provided with the gas-liquid separator on the basis of the original hydrogen circulation loop, has small change and is easy to realize;
4) the invention combines water management and heat management to control the water content in the fuel cell, has better effect and simple control method, is beneficial to improving the working performance of the fuel cell and has strong practicability.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a self-humidifying fuel cell water heat management system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a control flow diagram of the self-humidifying fuel cell water heat management system of the present invention;
wherein the reference numerals are: 100-self-humidifying fuel cell water heat management system, 1-air flow, 2-filter, 3-air compressor, 4-first flowmeter, 5-humidifier, 6-first pressure sensor, 7-first temperature sensor, 8-electric pile, 9-second pressure sensor, 10-first three-way valve, 11-first exhaust valve, 12-high pressure hydrogen bottle, 13-first level pressure reducing valve, 14-second level pressure reducing valve, 15-second flowmeter, 16-second three-way valve, 17-third pressure sensor, 18-second temperature sensor, 19-fourth pressure sensor, 20-third three-way valve, 21-second exhaust valve, 22-fourth three-way valve, 23-first electromagnetic valve, 24-second electromagnetic valve, 25-gas-liquid separator, 26-fifth three-way valve, 27-hydrogen circulating pump, 28-water tank, 29-sixth three-way valve, 30-conductivity sensor, 31-water pump, 32-seventh three-way valve, 33-filter, 34-third temperature sensor, 35-fifth pressure sensor, 36-eighth three-way valve, 37-deionizer, 38-ninth three-way valve, 39-radiator and 40-fan.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a self-humidifying fuel cell water heat management system and a control method thereof, wherein the self-humidifying fuel cell water heat management system and the control method thereof adopt water heat management operation aiming at two sides of a cathode and an anode by judging the water content condition of the two sides of the cathode and the anode so as to prevent water flooding or membrane drying from influencing the performance of a fuel cell and further maintain the water balance inside the fuel cell.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a self-humidifying fuel cell water heat management system 100, which includes an electric stack 8, an air path system, a hydrogen circulation system, and a cooling water path system; the stack 8, i.e. the cell stack, is composed of a plurality of fuel cells. The air path system mainly comprises a filter 2, an air compressor 3, a first flowmeter 4, a humidifier 5, a first pressure sensor 6, a second pressure sensor 9, a first temperature sensor 7, a first three-way valve 10 and a first exhaust valve 11; the hydrogen path system mainly comprises a high-pressure gas cylinder 12, a primary pressure reducing valve 13, a secondary pressure reducing valve 14, a second flowmeter 15, a second three-way valve 16, a third three-way valve 20, a third pressure sensor 17, a fourth pressure sensor 19, a second temperature sensor 18 and a second exhaust valve 21; the hydrogen circulation system mainly comprises a hydrogen circulation pump 27, a fourth three-way valve 22, a fifth three-way valve 26, a gas-liquid separator 25, a first electromagnetic valve 23 and a second electromagnetic valve 24; the cooling water path system mainly includes a water tank 28, a sixth three-way valve 29, a conductivity sensor 30, a water pump 31, a seventh three-way valve 32, a filter 33, a third temperature sensor 34, a fifth pressure sensor 35, an eighth three-way valve 36, a deionizer 37, a ninth three-way valve 38, a radiator 39, and a fan 40, and the fan 40 is disposed on the radiator 39. The specific connection mode of the systems is as follows:
a filter 2, an air compressor 3, a first flowmeter 4, a humidifier 5, a first pressure sensor 6 and a first temperature sensor 7 in the air path system are sequentially connected and connected to a cathode inlet of a fuel cell (or an electric pile), and air flow 1 enters the air path system through the filter 2; the first exhaust valve 11, the first three-way valve 10 and the second pressure sensor 9 are sequentially connected in series and connected to the cathode outlet of the fuel cell; one outlet of the first three-way valve 10 is connected to the humidifier. A high-pressure hydrogen bottle 12, a primary pressure reducing valve 13, a secondary pressure reducing valve 14, a second flowmeter 15, a second three-way valve 16, a third pressure sensor 17 and a second temperature sensor 18 in the hydrogen gas path system are connected in series in sequence and connected to the anode inlet of the fuel cell; the second exhaust valve 21, the third three-way valve 20 and the fourth pressure sensor 19 are connected in series in this order and connected at the anode outlet of the fuel cell. The first electromagnetic valve 23 in the hydrogen circulating system is connected in parallel with the electromagnetic two 24 additionally provided with the gas-liquid separator 25, and the two branches are connected in parallel and then connected in series with the hydrogen circulating pump 27. A water tank 28, a sixth three-way valve 29, a conductivity sensor 30, a water pump 31, a seventh three-way valve 32, a filter 33, a fifth pressure sensor 34 and a third temperature sensor 35 in the cooling water path system are sequentially connected in series and connected at a cooling water inlet of the fuel cell; one side of the deionizer 37 is connected to one outlet of the seventh three-way valve 32, and the other side is connected to one inlet of the eighth three-way valve 36; the radiator 39 and the water tank 28 form two parallel branches, and both sides of the radiator 39 and the water tank 28 are connected to the sixth three-way valve 29 and the ninth three-way valve 38.
The self-humidifying fuel cell water heat management system 100 of the present embodiment further includes a controller electrically connected to the air compressor 3, the first and second flow meters 4 and 15, the first and second pressure sensors 6 and 9, the third and fourth pressure sensors 17 and 19, the fifth pressure sensor 34, the first and second temperature sensors 7 and 18, the third temperature sensor 33, the primary pressure reducing valve 13, the secondary pressure reducing valve 14, the first and second electromagnetic valves 23 and 24, the first and second exhaust valves 11 and 21, the hydrogen circulation pump 27, the water pump 31, the conductivity sensor 30, the fan 40, and the like in a conventional manner.
In the self-humidifying fuel cell water heat management system 100 of the embodiment, the first flow meter 4, the first temperature sensor 7 and the first pressure sensor 6 are used for measuring the flow rate, the temperature and the pressure of the cathode inlet, and the second pressure sensor 9 is used for measuring the pressure of the cathode outlet; the second flowmeter 15, the second temperature sensor 18 and the pressure sensor 17 are used for measuring the flow, the temperature and the pressure at the anode inlet, and the fourth pressure sensor 19 is used for measuring the pressure at the anode outlet; the third temperature sensor 33 and the fifth pressure sensor 34 are used for measuring the inlet temperature and pressure of the cooling water; the conductivity sensor 30 is used to measure the ion concentration of the cooling water.
The actual pressure drop on the cathode side can be obtained by means of the first pressure sensor 6 and the second pressure sensor 9 and compared with the theoretical pressure drop on the anode side of the cathode in normal operation of the fuel cell. And when the actual pressure drop of the cathode side is larger than the theoretical pressure drop, the cathode side of the fuel cell is in a water flooded state, and when the actual pressure drop of the cathode side is smaller than the theoretical pressure drop, the cathode side of the fuel cell is in a membrane dry state. The actual pressure drop at the anode side is obtained by means of the third pressure sensor 17 and the fourth pressure sensor 19 and compared with the theoretical pressure drop at the cathode side for normal operation of the fuel cell. And when the actual pressure drop of the anode side of the fuel cell is smaller than the theoretical pressure drop, the anode side of the fuel cell is in a membrane dry state. In view of the above situation, the present embodiment may perform the following control operations by the above self-humidification fuel cell water heat management system 100:
when the cathode side of the fuel cell is in a water flooded state, redundant accumulated water in the fuel cell is discharged in a mode of pulse exhaust and temperature rise of the electric pile, and the specific implementation mode is as follows: intermittently opening the first exhaust valve 11, utilizing pressure fluctuation generated by redundant air, and reducing the rotating speed of a fan 40 of a radiator 39 and reducing the flow of a water pump 29 through a controller to increase the temperature of the stack so as to discharge redundant accumulated water in the fuel cell;
when the cathode side of the fuel cell is in a dry membrane state, the water content in the fuel cell is increased by reducing the temperature of the electric pile, and the specific implementation mode is as follows: the controller increases the speed of the fan 40 of the radiator 39 and increases the flow of the water pump 29 to reduce the temperature of the stack. In the normal working process, the first exhaust valve 11 is in a closed state, the humidifier 5 works, and the air at the cathode inlet is humidified by utilizing the moisture in the air at the cathode outlet;
when the anode side of the fuel cell is in a water flooded state, redundant accumulated water in the fuel cell is discharged in a mode of pulse exhaust and temperature rise of the pile, and the specific implementation mode is as follows: intermittently opening the second exhaust valve 21, utilizing pressure fluctuation generated by redundant hydrogen, reducing the rotating speed of a fan 40 of a radiator 39 and reducing the flow rate of a water pump 29 through a controller to increase the temperature of the stack, discharging redundant accumulated water in the fuel cell, closing the first electromagnetic valve 23 in the process, opening the second electromagnetic valve 24, and starting the gas-liquid separator 25 to work;
when the anode side of the fuel cell is in a dry membrane state, the water content in the fuel cell is increased by reducing the temperature of the electric pile, and the specific implementation mode is as follows: the controller increases the speed of the fan 40 of the radiator 39 and increases the flow of the water pump 29 to reduce the temperature of the stack. In the normal working process, the second electromagnetic valve 24 is closed, the gas-liquid separator 25 does not work, the first electromagnetic valve 23 is opened, and the gas at the anode outlet humidifies the hydrogen at the anode inlet through the hydrogen circulating pump 27.
Therefore, the self-humidifying fuel cell water heat management system and the control method thereof provided by the embodiment have the advantages that the system structure is simple and reasonable, the scheme considers the water content state of the cathode of the electric pile and the water content state of the anode of the electric pile integrally, the situation of the water content inside the fuel cell at the moment is judged by comparing the actual voltage drop value of the cathode and the anode with the theoretical voltage drop value in the normal working state, and the corresponding water heat management operation is further executed to maintain the normal water content state of the fuel cell.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein, and any reference signs in the claims are not intended to be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A self-humidifying fuel cell water heat management system, comprising:
the air path system comprises a filter, an air compressor, a humidifier, a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor, a first temperature sensor and a first exhaust valve; the filter, the air compressor and the humidifier are sequentially connected in series, and the humidifier is connected to a cathode inlet of the fuel cell; the first pressure sensor and the first temperature sensor are connected between the cathode inlet and the humidifier; a second pressure sensor is arranged at the cathode outlet of the fuel cell, and the second pressure sensor is simultaneously connected with the first exhaust valve and the humidifier;
the hydrogen path system comprises a high-pressure gas cylinder, a third pressure sensor, a fourth pressure sensor, a second temperature sensor and a second exhaust valve; the high-pressure hydrogen bottle is connected to an anode inlet of the fuel cell, and the third pressure sensor and the second temperature sensor are connected between the high-pressure hydrogen bottle and the anode inlet; the second exhaust valve is connected to an anode outlet of the fuel cell, and the fourth pressure sensor is connected between the second exhaust valve and the anode outlet;
the hydrogen circulation system comprises a hydrogen circulation pump, a gas-liquid separator, a first circulation branch and a second circulation branch, and the gas-liquid separator is arranged on the first circulation branch or the second circulation branch; the first circulation branch and the second circulation branch are connected in parallel and then are connected with the hydrogen circulation pump in series; the hydrogen circulation system is connected in parallel between the anode outlet and the anode inlet;
a cooling water path system including a water tank, a conductivity sensor, a water pump, a deionizer, a filter, a fifth pressure sensor, a third temperature sensor, and/or a radiator; after the water tank, the conductivity sensor, the water pump and the filter are sequentially connected in series, the filter is connected to a cooling water inlet of the fuel cell, the water tank is connected to a cooling water outlet of the fuel cell, and the fifth pressure sensor and the third temperature sensor are connected between the cooling water inlet and the filter; the deionizer is connected in parallel between the cooling water inlet and the cooling water outlet; the radiators are connected in parallel with two ends of the water tank;
the air path system, the hydrogen circulation system and/or the cooling water path system are electrically connected with the controller.
2. The self-humidifying fuel cell hydrothermal management system according to claim 1, further comprising a first flow meter and/or a second flow meter; the first flowmeter is connected between the air compressor and the humidifier; the second flow meter is connected between the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder and the anode inlet.
3. The self-humidifying fuel cell hydrothermal management system of claim 1, further comprising a pressure relief valve connected between the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder and the anode inlet; and the pressure reducing valve is provided with at least one stage along the flowing direction of the hydrogen.
4. The self-humidifying fuel cell hydrothermal management system according to claim 1, wherein a first solenoid valve is installed on the first circulation branch; and a second electromagnetic valve and the gas-liquid separator are arranged on the second circulation branch.
5. The self-humidifying fuel cell hydrothermal management system according to claim 1, wherein the first vent valve is connected to the second pressure sensor through a first three-way valve, and one outlet of the first three-way valve is connected to the humidifier.
6. The self-humidifying fuel cell hydrothermal management system according to claim 1, wherein one end of the hydrogen circulation system is connected between the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder and the anode inlet through a second three-way valve, and the other end is connected between the second vent valve and the anode outlet through a third three-way valve.
7. The self-humidifying fuel cell hydrothermal management system according to claim 4, wherein one end of the second circulation branch is connected to the anode outlet through a fourth three-way valve, and one outlet of the fourth three-way valve is connected to one end of the first circulation branch; the other end of the second circulation branch is connected with the hydrogen circulation pump through a fifth three-way valve, and one inlet of the fifth three-way valve is connected with the other end of the first circulation branch.
8. The self-humidifying fuel cell hydrothermal management system according to claim 1, wherein a sixth three-way valve and a seventh three-way valve are connected between the water tank and the cooling water inlet in sequence along a water flow direction, and an inlet of the sixth three-way valve is connected with a water outlet of the radiator, and an outlet of the seventh three-way valve is connected with a water inlet of the deionizer; the cooling water outlet with connect gradually eighth three-way valve and ninth three-way valve along the rivers direction between the water tank, just an entry of eighth three-way valve with the delivery port of deionizer is connected, an export of ninth three-way valve with the water inlet of radiator is connected.
9. A control method for a self-humidifying fuel cell water heat management system according to any one of claims 1-8, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: measuring the air flow, air temperature and/or air pressure at the cathode inlet; measuring the air pressure at the cathode outlet; measuring the hydrogen flow rate, hydrogen temperature and/or hydrogen pressure at the anode inlet; measuring the hydrogen pressure at the anode outlet; measuring the temperature and/or pressure at the cooling water inlet;
step two: and (3) after the controller acquires the numerical value measured in the step one, calculating actual pressure drop values of the two sides of the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell, and comparing the actual pressure drop values with theoretical pressure drop values of the two sides of the cathode and the anode under the normal working condition of the fuel cell by the controller to judge the water content state in the fuel cell: when the actual pressure drop value of the cathode side is larger than the theoretical pressure drop value, the cathode side of the fuel cell is in a water logging state; when the actual pressure drop value of the cathode side is smaller than the theoretical pressure drop value, the cathode side of the fuel cell is in a membrane dry state; when the actual pressure drop value of the anode side is larger than the theoretical pressure drop value, the anode side of the fuel cell is in a water logging state; when the actual pressure drop value of the anode side is smaller than the theoretical pressure drop value, the anode side of the fuel cell is in a membrane dry state;
step three; and (3) according to the water content state of the fuel cell judged by the controller in the step two, taking corresponding regulation and control measures:
step 3.1: when the controller judges that the cathode side of the fuel cell is in a water-flooded state, the first exhaust valve is opened discontinuously to generate pressure fluctuation by using redundant air, and meanwhile, the rotating speed of a fan in the radiator and the flow of the water pump are reduced through the controller to increase the temperature of the fuel cell, so that redundant accumulated water in the fuel cell is discharged by adopting a mode of pulse exhaust and increasing the temperature of the fuel cell;
step 3.2: when the controller judges that the cathode side of the fuel cell is in a dry membrane state, the controller increases the fan rotating speed in the radiator and the flow of the water pump to reduce the temperature of the fuel cell and further increase the water content in the fuel cell; in the normal working process, the first exhaust valve is in a closed state, the humidifier works, and the air at the cathode inlet is humidified by utilizing the moisture in the gas at the cathode outlet;
step 3.3: when the controller judges that the anode side of the fuel cell is in a water-flooded state, the second exhaust valve is opened discontinuously to utilize redundant hydrogen to generate pressure fluctuation, and meanwhile, the rotating speed of a fan in the radiator and the flow of the water pump are reduced through the controller to increase the temperature of the fuel cell, so that redundant accumulated water in the fuel cell is discharged in a mode of pulse exhaust and fuel cell temperature increase; simultaneously starting a circulation branch added with the gas-liquid separator in the hydrogen circulation system, enabling the gas-liquid separator to start working, and simultaneously closing another circulation branch in the hydrogen circulation system;
step 3.4: when the controller judges that the anode side of the fuel cell is in a dry membrane state, the controller increases the fan rotating speed in the radiator and the flow of the water pump to reduce the temperature of the fuel cell and further increase the water content in the fuel cell; in the normal working process, the second electromagnetic valve is in a closed state, the gas-liquid separator does not work, the first electromagnetic valve is in an open state, and gas at the anode outlet passes through the hydrogen circulating pump to humidify hydrogen at the anode inlet.
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