CN113096970B - Preparation method of molybdenum diselenide/shaddock peel carbon composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method of molybdenum diselenide/shaddock peel carbon composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN113096970B CN113096970B CN202110233788.0A CN202110233788A CN113096970B CN 113096970 B CN113096970 B CN 113096970B CN 202110233788 A CN202110233788 A CN 202110233788A CN 113096970 B CN113096970 B CN 113096970B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
- H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/24—Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/44—Raw materials therefor, e.g. resins or coal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a molybdenum diselenide/shaddock peel carbon composite material, which comprises the following steps: step 1, drying the shaddock peel to obtain dry shaddock peel; step 2, preparing sodium molybdate into a sodium molybdate solution; step 3, dripping the sodium molybdate solution into the dry shaddock peel to form a shaddock peel/sodium molybdate system A; step 4, mixing selenium powder with 85% hydrazine hydrate to obtain solution B; step 5, slowly adding the solution B into the system A, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction to obtain a solid C; and 6, calcining the solid C to obtain the molybdenum diselenide/shaddock peel carbon composite material. The obtained molybdenum diselenide/shaddock peel carbon composite material has high specific capacity, high rate capability and good electrochemical stability, and can be used as a super capacitor electrode material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrode materials, in particular to a preparation method of a molybdenum diselenide/shaddock peel carbon composite material.
Background
Super capacitors, also called electrochemical capacitors, are new energy storage and conversion devices that have been developed over the last decade. The super capacitor is divided according to an energy storage mechanism and can be divided into an electric double layer capacitor and a Faraday pseudocapacitor. The double-layer capacitor stores energy through a double electric layer at an electrode and solution interface, and a representative electrode material is activated carbon; the Faraday pseudocapacitor stores energy through the quick and reversible Faraday reaction of an electrode/electrolyte interface, and the representative electrode materials comprise metal oxides, conductive polymers and the like. Compared with the traditional physical capacitor, the energy density of the super capacitor is 3-4 orders of magnitude higher and reaches thousands of F g -1 The super capacitor has higher power density (300- -1 ) And cycle life (100 ten thousand). The characteristics of the super capacitor make the super capacitor have great attention in the fields of electric automobiles, aerospace, smart grids and national defense science and technologyHas wide application prospect.
Although the super capacitor has better power density and cycle life than the secondary battery, the energy density of the super capacitor is still far from the secondary battery, and the energy density of the common commercial activated carbon-based double electric layer super capacitor is less than 10 Wh Kg -1 Since the application range of the composite material is limited by the lower energy density, the composite material is usually compounded with a carbon material and other electrode materials with high specific capacity, and has the characteristics of high rate capability and high energy density.
Generally, carbon materials for supercapacitors are generally classified into activated carbons prepared from mineral materials and activated carbons prepared from plant materials. The preparation raw material of the plant activated carbon is mainly wood, however, the wood is seriously in short supply along with the large-area degradation of forests, so that alternative raw materials are required to be searched, and on the other hand, a large amount of agricultural and forestry crop waste does not have good outlet, and is stored or incinerated in a large amount to cause waste, so that an alternative technology for manufacturing the wood activated carbon by the agricultural and forestry waste is one of research hotspots in the activated carbon industry in recent years. Therefore, the very common agricultural product-shaddock peel in south China is selected as a carbon source, the white part in the shaddock peel has a natural sponge-like structure, the structure contains rich holes, and the carbonized shaddock peel can be used as a substrate to carry a high-energy-density supercapacitor electrode material.
Transition metal selenide (XSe) 2 ) (X represents a transition metal) has received increasing attention in recent years. XSe 2 Has a contrast XS 2 The lower electronegativity makes it possible to provide more active sites in redox reactions and therefore has greater potential in the field of electrochemical research. Wherein, molybdenum diselenide (MoSe) 2 ) Because of its unique physical and chemical properties, it is completely exposed in the electrochemical field. MoSe 2 The advantages of the materials, such as large interlayer spacing, small energy band and small impedance, make them potentially useful in the field of electrochemical energy storage, such as solar cells, lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries, supercapacitors and HER catalysis, but with respect to MoSe 2 The application in supercapacitors is still in the beginning stage.
However, since MoSe 2 The surface energy is high, weak van der waals force exists between layers, self-accumulation is easy to occur in the electrochemical circulation process, and the edge active sites which can be exposed are reduced, so that capacity fading is caused. And MoSe 2 Is a semiconductor material, and the lower conductivity also limits the practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a preparation method of a molybdenum diselenide/shaddock peel carbon composite material, which is used for an electrode of a super capacitor. Adding MoSe into the treated dried shaddock peel 2 Precursor (MoO) 4 2- 、Se 2- ) The porous structure of the shaddock peel sponge can fully adsorb MoO 4 2- And S 2- Ions are uniformly deposited in the pore channels, after the subsequent hydrothermal and calcining treatment, the spongy shaddock peel is carbonized into a framework, molybdenum disulfide grows in the pore channels of the carbon framework, and MoSe is obtained 2 Shaddock peel carbon composite material.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
a preparation method of a molybdenum diselenide/shaddock peel carbon composite material comprises the following steps:
step 1, removing the yellow part of the outer layer of the shaddock peel, sequentially washing with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying to obtain dry shaddock peel;
step 2, dissolving sodium molybdate in water to prepare a sodium molybdate solution;
step 3, taking dry shaddock peel and sodium molybdate solution, dripping the sodium molybdate solution into the dry shaddock peel, mixing the dried shaddock peel and the sodium molybdate solution, standing, and fully mixing to form a shaddock peel/sodium molybdate system A;
step 4, mixing selenium powder and 85% hydrazine hydrate, and stirring at normal temperature to obtain a solution B;
step 5, slowly adding the solution B into the system A, fully stirring at a certain temperature, then putting into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction to obtain partially reduced molybdenum diselenide/shaddock peel carbon composite material solid C;
step 6, mixing the solidCalcining C in inert atmosphere to obtain MoSe 2 Shaddock peel carbon composite material.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, in step 1, the grapefruit is a pomelo, a shatian pomelo, or a red pomelo, or a combination thereof.
Preferably, in the preparation method, in the step 2, the sodium molybdate solution is 5 to 58 mass percent, and the dissolving temperature is 20 to 100 ℃.
Preferably, in the preparation method, in step 3, the mass ratio of the dry shaddock peel to the solute in the sodium molybdate solution is 1: 0.1-1: 10, mixing the shaddock peel and the sodium molybdate for 1-6 h.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, in step 4, the ratio between the selenium powder and the 85% hydrazine hydrate solution is: 1g of selenium powder: 30ml-100ml hydrazine hydrate solution; the mixing and stirring time is 12-24 h.
Preferably, in the preparation method, in the step 5, the stirring temperature is 20-100 ℃, the stirring time is 0.5-5h, the hydrothermal reaction time is 120-200 ℃, and the hydrothermal reaction time is 10-24 h.
Preferably, in the preparation method, in step 6, the inert gas is one or more of nitrogen, argon and helium; the calcination temperature is 450-850 ℃, the calcination time is 2-8h, and the heating rate is 2-10 ℃/min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention adds MoSe into the treated dried shaddock peel 2 Precursor (MoO) 4 2- 、Se 2- ) The porous structure of the shaddock peel sponge can fully adsorb MoO 4 2- And S 2- Ions are uniformly deposited in the pore canal, and after the subsequent hydrothermal and calcining treatment, the spongy shaddock peel is carbonized into a framework, namely MoSe 2 Growing in the pore canal of the carbon skeleton to obtain MoSe 2 Shaddock peel carbon composite material. The method not only makes up the MoSe 2 Insufficient conductivity of the material and MoSe 2 The uniform distribution in the carbon skeleton of the shaddock peel can avoid the particlesAre agglomerated with each other, thereby exposing more electrochemically active sites. The obtained molybdenum diselenide/shaddock peel carbon composite material has high specific capacity, high rate capability and good electrochemical stability, and can be used as a super capacitor electrode material.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
example 1 (main variable is relative proportion of shaddock peel and sodium molybdate)
Removing yellow part of the shaddock peel, sequentially washing with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying to obtain dry shaddock peel for later use. Dissolving 0.484g of sodium molybdate in 20ml of water to prepare a sodium molybdate solution; and slowly dripping the prepared 20ml of sodium molybdate solution into the dried shaddock peel, and mixing and stirring the prepared sodium molybdate solution and the dried shaddock peel for 1h to form a shaddock peel/sodium molybdate system. Mixing 0.316g of selenium powder with 16ml of 85% hydrazine hydrate, stirring for 12h at normal temperature to obtain a dark red solution, slowly adding the dark red solution into a shaddock peel/sodium molybdate system, fully stirring for 1h at room temperature, then putting the mixture into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 20h at 200 ℃ to obtain partially reduced molybdenum diselenide/shaddock peel carbon composite material solid C; and washing and drying the solid, and calcining the solid for 2 hours at 500 ℃ in an argon atmosphere to obtain the molybdenum diselenide/shaddock peel carbon composite material.
And then preparing the obtained molybdenum diselenide/shaddock peel composite material into a super capacitor pole piece, and carrying out electrochemical test in a KOH electrolyte system with a potential window of-0.1-0.5V. At 1A g -1 The 856F g can be obtained by performing constant current charging and discharging test -1 The specific capacity of the composition is 789F g after 5000 times of charge and discharge cycles -1 The capacity retention rate is as high as 92.3 percent. Good electrochemical performance shows that the prepared molybdenum diselenide/shaddock peel carbon composite material can be used as a positive and negative electrode material of a super capacitor.
Example 2 (hydrothermal temperature and time as the main variables)
Removing yellow part of the shaddock peel, sequentially washing with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying to obtain dry shaddock peel for later use. Dissolving 0.484g of sodium molybdate in 20ml of water to prepare a sodium molybdate solution; and slowly dripping the prepared 20ml of sodium molybdate solution into the dried shaddock peel, and mixing and stirring the prepared sodium molybdate solution and the dried shaddock peel for 1h to form a shaddock peel/sodium molybdate system. Mixing 0.316g of selenium powder with 16ml of 85% hydrazine hydrate, stirring for 12h at normal temperature to obtain a dark red solution, slowly adding the dark red solution into a shaddock peel/sodium molybdate system, fully stirring for 1h at room temperature, then putting the mixture into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 24h at 190 ℃ to obtain partially reduced molybdenum diselenide/shaddock peel carbon composite material solid C; and washing and drying the solid, and calcining the solid for 2 hours at 500 ℃ in an argon atmosphere to obtain the molybdenum diselenide/shaddock peel carbon composite material.
Example 3 (main variables are calcination temperature and inert gas)
Removing yellow part of the shaddock peel, sequentially washing with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying to obtain dry shaddock peel for later use. Dissolving 0.484g of sodium molybdate in 20ml of water to prepare a sodium molybdate solution; and slowly dripping the prepared 20ml of sodium molybdate solution into the dried shaddock peel, and mixing and stirring the prepared sodium molybdate solution and the dried shaddock peel for 1h to form a shaddock peel/sodium molybdate system. Mixing 0.316g of selenium powder with 16ml of 85% hydrazine hydrate, stirring for 12h at normal temperature to obtain a dark red solution, slowly adding the dark red solution into a shaddock peel/sodium molybdate system, fully stirring for 1h at room temperature, then putting the mixture into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 24h at 190 ℃ to obtain partially reduced molybdenum diselenide/shaddock peel carbon composite material solid C; and washing and drying the solid, and calcining the solid for 2 hours at 450 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the molybdenum diselenide/shaddock peel carbon composite material.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of a molybdenum diselenide/shaddock peel carbon composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, removing the yellow part of the outer layer of the shaddock peel, sequentially washing with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying to obtain dry shaddock peel;
step 2, dissolving sodium molybdate in water to prepare a sodium molybdate solution;
step 3, taking dry shaddock peel and sodium molybdate solution, dripping the sodium molybdate solution into the dry shaddock peel, mixing the dried shaddock peel and the sodium molybdate solution, standing, and fully mixing to form a shaddock peel/sodium molybdate system A;
step 4, mixing selenium powder with 85% hydrazine hydrate, and stirring at normal temperature to obtain a solution B;
step 5, slowly adding the solution B into the system A, fully stirring at a certain temperature, then putting into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction to obtain a partially reduced molybdenum diselenide/shaddock peel carbon composite material solid C;
step 6, calcining the solid C in an inert atmosphere to obtain a molybdenum diselenide/shaddock peel carbon composite material;
in the step 4, the proportion relationship between the selenium powder and the 85% hydrazine hydrate solution is as follows: 1g of selenium powder: 30ml to 100ml of hydrazine hydrate solution; mixing and stirring for 12-24 h;
in the step 5, the stirring temperature is 20-100 ℃, the stirring time is 0.5-5h, the hydrothermal reaction time is 120-200 ℃, and the hydrothermal reaction time is 10-24 h.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the grapefruit is a pomelo, a shatian pomelo, or a red pomelo, or a combination thereof.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the sodium molybdate solution is 5 to 58 mass percent, and the dissolution temperature is 20 to 100 ℃.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the mass ratio of the dry shaddock peel to the solute in the sodium molybdate solution is 1: 0.1-1: 10, mixing the shaddock peel and the sodium molybdate for 1-6 h.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in step 6, the inert atmosphere is one or more of nitrogen, argon and helium; the calcination temperature is 450-850 ℃, the calcination time is 2-8h, and the heating rate is 2-10 ℃/min.
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