CN113095597B - Flood process design method suitable for small watershed without data - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a new flood process design method suitable for a small watershed without materials, which comprises the following steps: selecting a small watershed control hydrologic station, and counting a long series of flood data, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a maximum annual peak series and a maximum annual 24h flood series; carrying out frequency analysis and calculation on the annual maximum flood peak series and the annual maximum 24h flood series to obtain flood element design values of different frequencies of each flood element; according to the flood element design value, analyzing and calculating a flood decrement index r under corresponding frequency p And carrying out regional synthesis; selecting a small data-free drainage basin; and obtaining the flood peak flow of the designed river basin without the data, and simultaneously, obtaining the flood flow of each period based on the corresponding flood decrement index, and obtaining the designed flood process of the small river basin without the data. The method has the advantages of simple steps, reasonable result, simple and convenient calculation and easy operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering hydrology, in particular to a flood process design method suitable for a small watershed without data.
Background
The current design flood calculation of the small river basin without actual measurement flow data generally needs to calculate design flood according to design storm, and at the moment, if the unit line method is adopted for convergence calculation, the flood process line with design frequency can be directly calculated; if the convergence calculation is carried out by adopting an inference formula method, the flood peak flow is usually calculated and designed firstly, then three-point, five-point or multi-point generalized process lines are adopted, the hydrologic manual of each province (region) is introduced by a related method applicable to the local region, but the flood process lines designed by the method are based on assumption and generalization, and no actual measurement flood process data basis is adopted; in addition, the regional comprehensive empirical formula method can be used for calculating the design flood peak flow, but the method does not provide a calculation method for designing flood process lines.
The invention defines the concept of flood decrement index and the time period average flood flow formula, and analyzes and calculates the design value Q of flood elements such as the annual maximum flood peak, the annual maximum 24h flood and the like through the actual measured flood data of the small-basin controlled hydrologic station mp 、W 24p According to the flood element design value, analyzing and calculating flood decrement indexes r corresponding to different frequency floods p Further, r is analyzed p The small non-data watershed for similar areas is shifted, and after the designed flood peak flow of the small non-data watershed is obtained, the index r can be decremented by the flood p The method is used for deducing the design flood process of the small river basin, the design flood process line deduced based on the flood decrementing index is sharp and thin, the sharp and thin characteristics of the design flood process line are consistent with those of the actual storm flood process, the steps are simple, the result is reasonable, the calculation is simple and convenient, the operation is easy, and the method is used for deducing the design flood process of the small river basin without data and is easy to master and use for basic-level science and technology workers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a flood process design method suitable for a small watershed without data, which is used for directly deducing the possible maximum flood according to the area of the watershed of an engineering point, and has the advantages of simple steps, reasonable result, simple and convenient calculation and easy operation.
The invention provides a flood process design method suitable for a small watershed without materials, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting a small watershed control hydrologic station, and counting a long series of flood data, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a maximum annual peak series and a maximum annual 24h flood series;
step 2, carrying out frequency analysis and calculation on the annual maximum flood peak series and the annual maximum 24h flood series to obtain flood element design values of different frequencies of each flood element;
step 3, according to the flood element design value, analyzing and calculating a flood decrement index r under the corresponding frequency p And carrying out regional synthesis;
step 4, selecting a small data-free drainage basin;
and 5, based on the step 1-3, obtaining the flood peak flow of the designed river basin without the data, and simultaneously, based on the corresponding flood decrement index, obtaining the flood flow of each period and obtaining the designed flood process of the small river basin without the data.
In one possible implementation manner, in step 1, selecting a small-basin control text-to-water station includes:
analyzing and designing river basin weather conditions and underlying surface conditions;
and selecting a small watershed control hydrologic station in a consistent area of meteorological conditions and underlying conditions.
In one possible implementation, in step 2, the flood element design value includes: q (Q) mp And W is 24p ；
Wherein Q is mp For peak flood flow corresponding to design frequency p, unit is m 3 /s，W 24p Designing a flood for 24h corresponding to a design frequency p in m 3 ；
Wherein the average flood flow rate of the corresponding 24h periodThe unit is m 3 /s。
In one possible implementation, in step 3, the flood decrement index r at the corresponding frequency is calculated analytically p The method comprises the following steps:
defining flood decrement index
Wherein Q is mp Peak flow for the corresponding design frequency p;average flood flow for the corresponding 24h period; t represents a time variable.
In one possible implementation manner, in step 5, the calculating the peak flood of the design river basin without the small river basin, and meanwhile, based on the corresponding decreasing flood index, obtaining the flood flow of each period includes:
obtaining an exponential period average flood flow formula according to the definition of the flood decrement exponent
Determining a composite r based on regional composite results p And then the flow is transferred to the small non-data flow area to calculate the flood peak flow Q of the designed flow area Set mp ；
Calculating the maximum t-period average flood flow taking flood peak moment as the center and continuously extending towards two endsWherein t=2, …,24;
obtaining flood flow in each period
And sequencing the flood flows in each period according to the size, and obtaining the sequenced flood flows at each moment.
In one possible implementation, the process of obtaining the design flood of the profile-free small watershed includes:
the method comprises the steps of integrating a small river basin to control a hydrologic station to actually measure a typical flood process and planning a distribution line type of the flood process;
determining a flood peak occurrence period;
based on the flood flow at each time after sequencing, distributing the forward time period flow to each time period at both sides of the flood peak time according to the size by taking the flood peak time as the center;
and obtaining the 24h design flood process of the small non-material watershed.
In one possible implementation manner, in step 1, selecting a small-basin controlled hydrologic station, and counting a long series of flood data, including:
acquiring historical actual measurement data of a selected small-basin control hydrologic station;
pre-judging the historical actual measurement data based on a data judging model, and determining whether the historical actual measurement data meets preset requirements;
if yes, storing the historical actual measurement data, and extracting key data based on the historical actual measurement data, wherein the key data comprises: extracting data, a maximum flood peak series, a maximum 24h flood series and a flood series in a specification period from flood elements;
based on the extracted key data and according to the change characteristics of the shape of the flood process line, researching the change rule of the flood decrement index in time period;
otherwise, performing time analysis on the historical actual measurement data of the small-river basin control text-water station, determining a continuous data interval and a discontinuous data interval aiming at the small-river basin control text-water station, performing a first marking on the continuous data interval, and performing a second marking on the discontinuous data interval;
determining content information of each piece of continuous content in the first labeling result, and estimating a first effective value of the corresponding content information and estimating a second effective value of the content information of each piece of discontinuous content in the second labeling result based on the effective database;
according to the first effective value and the second effective value, carrying out third marking on content information corresponding to the content information larger than the corresponding preset effective value, and reversely screening first content which is not subjected to third marking, and judging whether the first content is continuous content or not;
if not, obtaining second content adjacent to the first content, performing association analysis with the first content, determining first addable content of the first content,
if yes, screening the starting sub-content, the middle sub-content and the end sub-content of the first content, and carrying out effective priority ordering on the sub-content to obtain an optimal sub-content of an ordering result as the content to be associated;
when the content to be associated is a start sub-content and content information exists on the left side of the start sub-content, carrying out association analysis on the start sub-content and the left side content, and determining a second addable content of the first content;
when the content to be associated is an end sub-content and content information exists on the right side of the end sub-content, carrying out association analysis on the end sub-content and the right side content, and determining a third addable content of the first content;
when the content to be associated is middle sub-content and content information exists on the left side and the right side of the middle sub-content, carrying out association analysis on the middle sub-content, the left side content and the right side content, and determining third addable content of the first content;
based on all the addable content, acquiring supplementary observation data of the small-basin control hydrologic station;
based on the supplementary observation data and the history actual measurement data, the long series of flood data are counted.
In one possible implementation, in step 3, the flood decrement index r at the corresponding frequency is analytically calculated p And in the process of carrying out regional synthesis, the method comprises the following steps:
obtaining flood decremental index sets corresponding to the same small drainage basin under different design frequencies;
calculating the effective value of the decremental index corresponding to each design frequency according to the flood decremental index set and the following formula;
wherein r is ij Representing an ith flood decrement index corresponding to the jth design frequency; r is (r) j Representing a preset decrementing index corresponding to the jth design frequency; n represents an intersection symbol; u represents a union symbol; d (D) j Representing the effective value of the decremental index corresponding to the jth preset frequency; n represents the total number of flood decrement indexes determined based on the j-th preset frequency;
determining whether a flood descending index set under the corresponding design frequency is qualified or not based on the descending index effective value, and if so, storing the corresponding flood descending index set;
otherwise, reminding, and re-acquiring a flood decremental index set under the corresponding design frequency;
if the effective value of the decremental index corresponding to the acquired flood decremental index set and the absolute value of the difference value are in a preset range, outputting the corresponding design frequency in a remarkable way;
meanwhile, based on the flood decrementing index set with the absolute value of the difference value not in the preset range, the index set corresponding to the flood decrementing index set is updated and stored.
In one possible implementation, after outputting the significance of the corresponding design frequency, the method further includes:
obtaining design frequencies of all saliency outputs and regarding the design frequencies as first frequencies;
determining an influence factor which influences the acquisition of a corresponding decreasing index based on the first frequency;
determining a current importance value W of the first frequency according to the following formula;
wherein F represents an influence factorThe number of the seeds; beta f Represent the first f Influence weight value of each influence factor, andδ f representing the first frequency at the first frequency f The corresponding numerical value difference value between the individual influence factors and the corresponding standard factors; max (delta) f ) Representing the largest difference in the corresponding numerical differences between the F influencing factors and the corresponding standard factors at the first frequency; min (delta) f ) Representing the smallest difference in the corresponding numerical differences between the F influencing factors and the corresponding standard factors at the first frequency; delta () represents a micro-variation function based on a difference value, and when the difference value is greater than a preset value, the value is 1, when the difference value is less than the preset value, the value is 0, and when the difference value is equal to the preset value, the value is 0.3;
and sequencing the priority of the first frequency according to the current importance level value, and re-corresponding serial flood data when the acquired current importance level value with the highest priority is smaller than an importance threshold value.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims thereof as well as the appended drawings.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a flood process design method suitable for a small watershed without materials in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the correlation of flood process lines using a three-point method for a typical small basin in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a graph showing the correlation of flood process lines designed by using a decreasing index method for flood for a typical small river basin in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, it being understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation of the present invention only, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
The invention provides a flood process design method suitable for a small watershed without materials, which is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting a small watershed control hydrologic station, and counting a long series of flood data, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a maximum annual peak series and a maximum annual 24h flood series;
step 2, carrying out frequency analysis and calculation on the annual maximum flood peak series and the annual maximum 24h flood series to obtain flood element design values of different frequencies of each flood element;
step 3, according to the flood element design value, analyzing and calculating a flood decrement index r under the corresponding frequency p And carrying out regional synthesis;
step 4, selecting a small data-free drainage basin;
and 5, based on the step 1-3, obtaining the flood peak flow of the designed river basin without the data, and simultaneously, based on the corresponding flood decrement index, obtaining the flood flow of each period and obtaining the designed flood process of the small river basin without the data.
In one possible implementation manner, in step 1, selecting a small-basin control text-to-water station includes:
analyzing and designing river basin weather conditions and underlying surface conditions;
and selecting a small watershed control hydrologic station in a consistent area of meteorological conditions and underlying conditions.
In one possible implementation, in step 2, the flood element design value includes: q (Q) mp And W is 24p ；
Wherein Q is mp For peak flood flow corresponding to design frequency p, unit is m 3 /s，W 24p Designing a flood for 24h corresponding to the design frequency p in units ofm 3 ；
Wherein the average flood flow rate of the corresponding 24h periodThe unit is m 3 /s。
In one possible implementation, in step 3, the flood decrement index r at the corresponding frequency is calculated analytically p The method comprises the following steps:
defining flood decrement index
Wherein Q is mp Peak flow for the corresponding design frequency p;average flood flow for the corresponding 24h period; t represents a time variable.
In one possible implementation manner, in step 5, the calculating the peak flood of the design river basin without the small river basin, and meanwhile, based on the corresponding decreasing flood index, obtaining the flood flow of each period includes:
obtaining an exponential period average flood flow formula according to the definition of the flood decrement exponent
Determining a composite r based on regional composite results p And then the flow is transferred to the small non-data flow area to calculate the flood peak flow Q of the designed flow area Set mp ；
Calculating the maximum t-period average flood flow taking flood peak moment as the center and continuously extending towards two endsWherein t=2, …,24;
obtaining flood flow in each period
And sequencing the flood flows in each period according to the size, and obtaining the sequenced flood flows at each moment.
In one possible implementation, the process of obtaining the design flood of the profile-free small watershed includes:
the method comprises the steps of integrating a small river basin to control a hydrologic station to actually measure a typical flood process and planning a distribution line type of the flood process;
determining a flood peak occurrence period;
based on the flood flow at each time after sequencing, distributing the forward time period flow to each time period at both sides of the flood peak time according to the size by taking the flood peak time as the center;
and obtaining the 24h design flood process of the small non-material watershed.
In the above embodiment, in the process of selecting the non-data area, the method is determined by selecting other small watershed control hydrologic stations with similar climates and underlying conditions, and then according to the flood data of each hydrologic station, respectively calculating different frequency flood decrement indexes r of different flood elements of each hydrologic station according to the steps p And analyzing and synthesizing flood decrement index calculation results of each station so as to facilitate the migration to similar non-data areas.
In the above embodiment, the calculation method is applicable to the ultra-small watershed in the loess plateau region.
In the above embodiment, in step 1, for the selected small basin control hydrologic station, if the measured flood data condition is better, when the flood element extraction data with long series is provided, besides counting the maximum annual peak series and the maximum annual 24h flood series, the flood series with the maximum annual 3h, 6h and 12h can be statistically analyzed, and the method can be used for researching the change rule of r value in time-division, and specific segmentation is determined according to the change characteristics of the shape of the flood process line;
in the above embodiment, in step 2, in order to facilitate the peak flow rate Q mp Establishing a relation, designing flood for maximum 24h of the year and designing flood W for other periods of 3h, 6h, 12h and the like tp All that is required is to transform into a time-interval average flowThe transformation formula is as followsWherein, when t takes a value of 24h, the average flood flow rate in the corresponding 24h period
In the above embodiment, in step 3, if the series of flood volumes in the time period of 3h, 6h, and 12h with the maximum year are also calculated statistically, the design flood volumes W in different typical time periods are obtained through frequency analysis and calculation tp 、Can also be according to the formula of flood decrementing indexThe flood decrement indexes of the corresponding different typical periods t are calculated through analysis.
In the above embodiment, whether the climate and other small watershed control hydrologic stations similar to the underlying condition are selected or not and the number of the selected small watershed control hydrologic stations are determined according to the actual conditions of the analysis area;
in the above embodiment, in step 5, the flood peak flow Q of the river basin is designed Set mp The method can be deduced according to the recommended method in the hydrological handbook of the provincial area where the design drainage basin is located, and an inference formula method, a regional empirical formula method and the like are generally adopted;
in the above embodiment, the 24h design flood of the design river basin, i.e. W, can be calculated according to the formula Set at 24p ＝Q Set mp *24 1 -r Or obtaining 24h design flood according to the obtained sum statistics of the flood flows at each moment.
In the above embodiment, the design of the distribution line type of the flood process is drawn by actually measuring a typical flood process in the comprehensive small-basin control hydrologic station, and the main purpose is to determine the time period position of the occurrence of the flood peak according to the actually measured flood process.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: the invention is thatDefining the concept of flood decrement index, analyzing and calculating the design value Q of flood elements such as the annual maximum flood peak, the annual maximum 24h flood and the like by controlling the actual measured flood data of hydrologic stations through a small river basin mp 、W 24p According to the flood element design value, analyzing and calculating flood decrement indexes r corresponding to different frequency floods p Further, r is analyzed p The small non-data watershed for similar areas is shifted, and after the designed flood peak flow of the small non-data watershed is obtained, the index r can be decremented by the flood p The design flooding process for deducing the small basin. In the traditional technology of the data-free small-drainage-area flood designing process, a unit line method can be adopted to calculate and calculate out a designed flood process line with corresponding frequency, under the condition that the unit line method is not applicable, the designed flood peak flow and the designed flood volume are generally obtained firstly, and then the designed flood process line is calculated out according to a three-point method, a five-point method or a multi-point method and the like; the design flood process line deduced by adopting the method of the flood decrement index is in a tip-thin type, is more consistent with the tip-thin type characteristic of the actual storm flood process, is shown in the attached figure 3, has simple steps, reasonable result, simple and convenient calculation and easy operation, and is a method for deducing the design flood process of the small watershed without materials;
in fig. 2, the peak high curve corresponds to the corresponding p=1% of the design flood process line, and the peak low curve corresponds to the corresponding p=3.33% of the design flood process line.
In fig. 3, the peak high curve corresponds to the corresponding p=3.33% of the design flood process, and the peak low curve corresponds to the corresponding p=1% of the design flood process.
The invention provides a flood process design method suitable for a small watershed without data, in the step 1, a small watershed control hydrologic station is selected, and a long series of flood data is counted, comprising the following steps:
acquiring historical actual measurement data of a selected small-basin control hydrologic station;
pre-judging the historical actual measurement data based on a data judging model, and determining whether the historical actual measurement data meets preset requirements;
if yes, storing the historical actual measurement data, and extracting key data based on the historical actual measurement data, wherein the key data comprises: extracting data, a maximum flood peak series, a maximum 24h flood series and a flood series in a specification period from flood elements;
based on the extracted key data and according to the change characteristics of the shape of the flood process line, researching the change rule of the flood decrement index in time period;
otherwise, performing time analysis on the historical actual measurement data of the small-river basin control text-water station, determining a continuous data interval and a discontinuous data interval aiming at the small-river basin control text-water station, performing a first marking on the continuous data interval, and performing a second marking on the discontinuous data interval;
determining content information of each piece of continuous content in the first labeling result, and estimating a first effective value of the corresponding content information and estimating a second effective value of the content information of each piece of discontinuous content in the second labeling result based on the effective database;
according to the first effective value and the second effective value, carrying out third marking on content information corresponding to the content information larger than the corresponding preset effective value, and reversely screening first content which is not subjected to third marking, and judging whether the first content is continuous content or not;
if not, obtaining second content adjacent to the first content, performing association analysis with the first content, determining first addable content of the first content,
if yes, screening the starting sub-content, the middle sub-content and the end sub-content of the first content, and carrying out effective priority ordering on the sub-content to obtain an optimal sub-content of an ordering result as the content to be associated;
when the content to be associated is a start sub-content and content information exists on the left side of the start sub-content, carrying out association analysis on the start sub-content and the left side content, and determining a second addable content of the first content;
when the content to be associated is an end sub-content and content information exists on the right side of the end sub-content, carrying out association analysis on the end sub-content and the right side content, and determining a third addable content of the first content;
when the content to be associated is middle sub-content and content information exists on the left side and the right side of the middle sub-content, carrying out association analysis on the middle sub-content, the left side content and the right side content, and determining third addable content of the first content;
based on all the addable content, acquiring supplementary observation data of the small-basin control hydrologic station;
based on the supplementary observation data and the history actual measurement data, the long series of flood data are counted.
In this embodiment, the history actual measurement data is obtained in advance, and the data evaluation model is trained in advance according to the effective actual measurement data (complete data).
In this embodiment, the pre-judging refers to whether some information in the history actual measurement data meets a corresponding preset requirement, for example, in the process of performing frequency analysis calculation on the annual maximum flood peak series and the annual maximum 24h flood series, whether the parameter exists in the history actual measurement data can be determined, where whether the parameter exists can be regarded as a preset requirement.
In this embodiment, the variation characteristic refers to the flood amount of the flood process line shape in different time periods, and the corresponding variation rule refers to the variation rule of the flood amount.
In this embodiment, determining the continuous data interval and the discontinuous data interval is based on sorting the historical actual measurement data according to the time sequence, if the historical actual measurement data exists, the data in the period of 1-5 hours and the data in the period of 8-10 hours, that is, the data in the period is regarded as the continuous data interval, for example, the data in 6 hours and 12 hours, that is, the data at the moment is regarded as the discontinuous data interval, and the first labeling and the second labeling are performed to effectively distinguish the continuous data interval from the discontinuous data interval, so that the subsequent calculation is convenient.
In this embodiment, the content information refers to information including part or all of the key information, and the effective database is designed in advance and is related to the key data.
In this embodiment, the first effective value and the second effective value refer to the importance degree of the information contained in the content information to the design flood process of the small watershed without materials, and the higher the importance degree is, the larger the corresponding effective value is.
In this embodiment, the second content adjacent to the first content may be the content in the third label or the content in the third label, mainly for determining the added content, and performing association analysis to determine whether there is a loss of data content in a certain period of time based on a time stamp, or the data content is insufficient to support a process of determining a related design flood.
In this embodiment, the first content is determined as the start sub-content, the middle sub-content and the end sub-content, so as to reduce the calculation workload and facilitate improvement of the calculation efficiency, and the start sub-content, the middle sub-content and the end sub-content may be only some small part of the start part, the middle part and the end part corresponding to the first content.
In this embodiment, the observation of the supplemental content is based on a combination of all of the addable content.
In this embodiment, the correlation analysis is to compare the content with the left and right side content to determine the lack or inability to support the data of the design process.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: the continuous content and the discontinuous content are determined again by judging whether the preset requirement is met or not and judging based on the effective value, and the addable content is determined by classifying, analyzing and judging, so that effective observation content is conveniently obtained, the adding is performed, the effective value of the subsequent flood design process is ensured, and a data basis is provided.
The invention provides a flood process design method suitable for a small watershed without materials, which comprises the following steps of (3) analyzing and calculating flood decrement under corresponding frequencyIndex r p And in the process of carrying out regional synthesis, the method comprises the following steps:
obtaining flood decremental index sets corresponding to the same small drainage basin under different design frequencies;
calculating the effective value of the decremental index corresponding to each design frequency according to the flood decremental index set and the following formula;
wherein r is ij Representing an ith flood decrement index corresponding to the jth design frequency; r is (r) j Representing a preset decrementing index corresponding to the jth design frequency; n represents an intersection symbol; u represents a union symbol; d (D) j Representing the effective value of the decremental index corresponding to the jth preset frequency; n represents the total number of flood decrement indexes determined based on the j-th preset frequency;
determining whether a flood descending index set under the corresponding design frequency is qualified or not based on the descending index effective value, and if so, storing the corresponding flood descending index set;
otherwise, reminding, and re-acquiring a flood decremental index set under the corresponding design frequency;
if the effective value of the decremental index corresponding to the acquired flood decremental index set and the absolute value of the difference value are in a preset range, outputting the corresponding design frequency in a remarkable way;
meanwhile, based on the flood decrementing index set with the absolute value of the difference value not in the preset range, the index set corresponding to the flood decrementing index set is updated and stored.
In this embodiment, each frequency corresponds to a flood decrement index set, so as to effectively analyze the decrement index corresponding to each frequency, and provide an effective basis for the subsequent flood design process.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: the flood decremental index set under different design frequencies is determined, so that the effective value of the decremental index of each design frequency can be calculated according to a formula conveniently, whether the flood decremental index needs to be stored is determined by judging, meanwhile, when unqualified flood is existed, the absolute value of the difference is determined by obtaining the re-decremental index, the saliency output is performed through comparison again, the effective operation analysis on a certain frequency is facilitated, and an effective basis is provided for the follow-up flood design process.
The invention provides a flood process design method suitable for a small watershed without materials, which comprises the following steps of:
obtaining design frequencies of all saliency outputs and regarding the design frequencies as first frequencies;
determining an influence factor which influences the acquisition of a corresponding decreasing index based on the first frequency;
determining a current importance value W of the first frequency according to the following formula;
wherein F represents the number of influencing factors; beta f Represent the first f Influence weight value of each influence factor, andδ f representing the first frequency at the first frequency f The corresponding numerical value difference value between the individual influence factors and the corresponding standard factors; max (delta) f ) Representing the largest difference in the corresponding numerical differences between the F influencing factors and the corresponding standard factors at the first frequency; min (delta) f ) Representing the smallest difference in the corresponding numerical differences between the F influencing factors and the corresponding standard factors at the first frequency; delta () represents a micro-variation function based on a difference value, and when the difference value is greater than a preset value, the value is 1, when the difference value is less than the preset value, the value is 0, and when the difference value is equal to the preset value, the value is 0.3;
and sequencing the priority of the first frequency according to the current importance level value, and re-corresponding serial flood data when the acquired current importance level value with the highest priority is smaller than an importance threshold value.
In this embodiment, the influencing factors may be some influencing factors existing in the software or hardware itself during the design flooding process, such as calculating the influencing factors related to the speed, for example, some parameters have problems during the design process, resulting in the existing design influencing factors, where the influencing weight value of the design influencing factors is greater than the weight value of the influencing factors related to the speed.
In this embodiment, the first frequency may be comprised of a plurality of different design frequencies, and at the different design frequencies the corresponding impact factors may be different.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows: the current importance value of the first frequency is calculated according to the formula by acquiring the influence factor of the first frequency, and whether the flood data are acquired again or not is conveniently determined by sequencing the priority of the first frequency, so that the reliability of the flood data acquisition is conveniently and effectively ensured, and an effective basis is provided for the follow-up flood design process.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. A flood process design method suitable for a small watershed without materials, comprising:
step 1, selecting a small watershed control hydrologic station, and counting a long series of flood data, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a maximum annual peak series and a maximum annual 24h flood series;
step 2, carrying out frequency analysis and calculation on the annual maximum flood peak series and the annual maximum 24h flood series to obtain flood element design values of different frequencies of each flood element;
step 3, according to the flood element design value, analyzing and calculating a flood decrement index r under the corresponding frequency p And carrying out regional synthesis;
step 4, selecting a small data-free drainage basin;
step 5, based on the step 1-3, solving the flood peak flow of the designed river basin without the data, and simultaneously, based on the corresponding flood decrement index, obtaining the flood flow of each period and obtaining the designed flood process of the small river basin without the data;
in step 2, the flood element design value includes: q (Q) mp And W is 24p ；
Wherein Q is mp For peak flood flow corresponding to design frequency p, unit is m 3 /s，W 24p Designing a flood for 24h corresponding to a design frequency p in m 3 ；
Wherein the average flood flow rate of the corresponding 24h periodThe unit is m 3 /s；
In step 3, the flood decrement index r at the corresponding frequency is calculated p The method comprises the following steps:
defining flood decrement index
Wherein Q is mp Peak flow for the corresponding design frequency p;average flood flow for the corresponding 24h period; t represents a time variable.
2. The flood process design method for small watershed without materials as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1, selecting a small watershed control text water station comprises:
analyzing and designing river basin weather conditions and underlying surface conditions;
and selecting a small watershed control hydrologic station in a consistent area of meteorological conditions and underlying conditions.
3. The flood process design method applicable to the small-sized non-material river basin according to claim 1, wherein in step 5, the peak flood flow of the small-sized non-material river basin is obtained, and meanwhile, the flood flow of each period is obtained based on the corresponding flood decrement index, which comprises the following steps:
obtaining an exponential period average flood flow formula according to the definition of the flood decrement exponent
Determining a composite r based on regional composite results p And then the flow is transferred to the small non-data flow area to calculate the flood peak flow Q of the designed flow area Set mp ；
Calculating the maximum t-period average flood flow taking flood peak moment as the center and continuously extending towards two endsWherein t=2, …,24;
obtaining flood flow in each period
And sequencing the flood flows in each period according to the size, and obtaining the sequenced flood flows at each moment.
4. The flood process design method for a non-profile small basin as claimed in claim 1, wherein obtaining the design flood process for the non-profile small basin comprises:
the method comprises the steps of integrating a small river basin to control a hydrologic station to actually measure a typical flood process and planning a distribution line type of the flood process;
determining a flood peak occurrence period;
based on the flood flow at each time after sequencing, distributing the forward time period flow to each time period at both sides of the flood peak time according to the size by taking the flood peak time as the center;
and obtaining the 24h design flood process of the small non-material watershed.
5. The flood process design method for small watershed without material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1, selecting small watershed control hydrologic stations, counting the long series of flood materials thereof, comprising:
acquiring historical actual measurement data of a selected small-basin control hydrologic station;
pre-judging the historical actual measurement data based on a data judging model, and determining whether the historical actual measurement data meets preset requirements;
if yes, storing the historical actual measurement data, and extracting key data based on the historical actual measurement data, wherein the key data comprises: extracting data, a maximum flood peak series, a maximum 24h flood series and a flood series in a specification period from flood elements;
based on the extracted key data and according to the change characteristics of the shape of the flood process line, researching the change rule of the flood decrement index in time period;
otherwise, performing time analysis on the historical actual measurement data of the small-river basin control text-water station, determining a continuous data interval and a discontinuous data interval aiming at the small-river basin control text-water station, performing a first marking on the continuous data interval, and performing a second marking on the discontinuous data interval;
determining content information of each piece of continuous content in the first labeling result, and estimating a first effective value of the corresponding content information and estimating a second effective value of the content information of each piece of discontinuous content in the second labeling result based on the effective database;
according to the first effective value and the second effective value, carrying out third marking on content information corresponding to the content information larger than the corresponding preset effective value, and reversely screening first content which is not subjected to third marking, and judging whether the first content is continuous content or not;
if not, obtaining second content adjacent to the first content, performing association analysis with the first content, determining first addable content of the first content,
if yes, screening the starting sub-content, the middle sub-content and the end sub-content of the first content, and carrying out effective priority ordering on the sub-content to obtain an optimal sub-content of an ordering result as the content to be associated;
when the content to be associated is a start sub-content and content information exists on the left side of the start sub-content, carrying out association analysis on the start sub-content and the left side content, and determining a second addable content of the first content;
when the content to be associated is an end sub-content and content information exists on the right side of the end sub-content, carrying out association analysis on the end sub-content and the right side content, and determining a third addable content of the first content;
when the content to be associated is middle sub-content and content information exists on the left side and the right side of the middle sub-content, carrying out association analysis on the middle sub-content, the left side content and the right side content, and determining third addable content of the first content;
based on all the addable content, acquiring supplementary observation data of the small-basin control hydrologic station;
based on the supplementary observation data and the history actual measurement data, the long series of flood data are counted.
6. The flood process design method for small-sized watershed without materials as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 3, the flood decrement index r at the corresponding frequency is analytically calculated p And in the process of carrying out regional synthesis, the method comprises the following steps:
obtaining flood decremental index sets corresponding to the same small drainage basin under different design frequencies;
calculating the effective value of the decremental index corresponding to each design frequency according to the flood decremental index set and the following formula;
wherein r is ij Representing an ith flood decrement index corresponding to the jth design frequency; r is (r) j Representing a preset decrementing index corresponding to the jth design frequency; u-shaped pipeRepresenting intersection symbols; u represents a union symbol; d (D) j Representing the effective value of the decremental index corresponding to the jth preset frequency; n represents the total number of flood decrement indexes determined based on the j-th preset frequency;
determining whether a flood descending index set under the corresponding design frequency is qualified or not based on the descending index effective value, and if so, storing the corresponding flood descending index set;
otherwise, reminding, and re-acquiring a flood decremental index set under the corresponding design frequency;
if the effective value of the decremental index corresponding to the acquired flood decremental index set and the absolute value of the difference value are in a preset range, outputting the corresponding design frequency in a remarkable way;
meanwhile, based on the flood decrementing index set with the absolute value of the difference value not in the preset range, the index set corresponding to the flood decrementing index set is updated and stored.
7. The flood process design method for a small watershed without materials according to claim 6, further comprising, after outputting the significance of the corresponding design frequency:
obtaining design frequencies of all saliency outputs and regarding the design frequencies as first frequencies;
determining an influence factor which influences the acquisition of a corresponding decreasing index based on the first frequency;
determining a current importance value W of the first frequency according to the following formula;
wherein F represents the number of influencing factors; beta f Represent the first f Influence weight value of each influence factor, andδ f representing the first frequency at the first frequency f Corresponding numerical differences between the individual influencing factors and the corresponding standard factors；max(δ f ) Representing the largest difference in the corresponding numerical differences between the F influencing factors and the corresponding standard factors at the first frequency; min (delta) f ) Representing the smallest difference in the corresponding numerical differences between the F influencing factors and the corresponding standard factors at the first frequency; delta () represents a micro-variation function based on a difference value, and when the difference value is greater than a preset value, the value is 1, when the difference value is less than the preset value, the value is 0, and when the difference value is equal to the preset value, the value is 0.3;
and sequencing the priority of the first frequency according to the current importance level value, and re-acquiring corresponding series flood data when the current importance level value with the highest acquired priority is smaller than an importance threshold value.
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