CN113091053B - High-temperature air combustion system for liquid slag-discharging pulverized coal - Google Patents

High-temperature air combustion system for liquid slag-discharging pulverized coal Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113091053B
CN113091053B CN202110516570.6A CN202110516570A CN113091053B CN 113091053 B CN113091053 B CN 113091053B CN 202110516570 A CN202110516570 A CN 202110516570A CN 113091053 B CN113091053 B CN 113091053B
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air
pulverized coal
combustion
burner
liquid slag
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CN113091053A (en
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王景甫
赵怀志
陈颖
张新欣
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Beijing University of Technology
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Beijing University of Technology
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D1/00Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • F23J1/08Liquid slag removal
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23KFEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K1/00Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23KFEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K3/00Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K3/02Pneumatic feeding arrangements, i.e. by air blast
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23LSUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L15/00Heating of air supplied for combustion
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)

Abstract

A slag tapping pulverized coal high-temperature air combustion system belongs to the field of pulverized coal high-temperature air combustion, and comprises a high-temperature air preheating system, a slag tapping pulverized coal combustion device, an air cooling combustor wall surface and a heat recovery system. The high-temperature air preheating system adopts a continuous heat storage technology to recycle heat generated by the liquid slag-discharging pulverized coal combustion device, preheats air, can heat air supply of the pulverized coal combustion device to above 350 ℃, and realizes pulverized coal high-temperature air combustion, and comprises a blower, an induced draft fan and two heat storage chambers; the liquid slag-discharging pulverized coal combustion device adopts cyclone combustion and adopts three-stage air supply, wherein primary pulverized coal conveying air, secondary air and tertiary air are in same-direction rotational flow, a honeycomb ceramic heat accumulator realizes a self-cleaning process through high-speed secondary air and tertiary air, and the liquid slag-discharging pulverized coal combustion device adopts high-temperature air combustion, and the slag catching rate is more than 90%; the wall of the burner of the system is cooled by an air cooling technology, and part of heat is recovered to a coal mill.

Description

High-temperature air combustion system for liquid slag-discharging pulverized coal
Technical field:
the invention belongs to the technical field of high-temperature air combustion of pulverized coal, and particularly relates to a liquid slag-discharging pulverized coal high-temperature air combustion system.
The background technology is as follows:
Coal occupies a large proportion in energy sources in China, an industrial boiler is an important energy source power device in production and life of China, so far, most of coal-fired industrial boilers are low in technical level, flue gas emission and emission of nitrogen oxides are difficult to meet the requirement of environmental protection, liquid deslagging pulverized coal combustion technology has the advantages of high combustion efficiency, high combustion intensity, high slag capturing rate and the like, flame center temperature in a combustion chamber can reach 1600 ℃ or higher, coal ash and slag are melted into liquid state at such high temperature, a large amount of unburned pulverized coal particles can be captured, wall-attached combustion of pulverized coal is realized, the burnout rate of pulverized coal is further improved, in addition, a formed liquid slag layer can capture the coal ash in the combustion chamber, the content of fly ash in smoke is reduced, and therefore, when the combustor is applied to an industrial kiln, the product quality can be improved, compared with other combustors with higher limitation of coal types, the utilization rate of low-rank coal in China can be improved, but the defects of high emission of nitrogen oxides and the like exist, and the like, meanwhile, the liquid deslagging technology needs air with higher temperature, and the traditional technology needs to be used for preheating air, so that the extra energy source is required to be consumed for the combustor.
The high-temperature air combustion (High Temperature Air Combustion, HTAC) technology (also called as regenerative combustion technology) is used as a brand new combustion technology, and has the advantages of high efficiency, energy conservation, low pollutant emission and the like. Studies have shown that NOx concentrations in the flue can be below 80ppmv at high temperature preheated air. The key technology of the high-temperature air combustion technology is a heat exchanger, a method for storing heat by using a honeycomb ceramic body is developed in the beginning of the 90 th century in Japan, energy conservation and environmental protection are combined, the specific area of the honeycomb ceramic heat storage body is increased, the volume is reduced, the heat exchange performance is greatly improved, and the honeycomb ceramic heat storage body is widely applied. Due to technical limitations, conventional high temperature air combustion technology is mainly applied to gas fuel, but cannot be well applied to solid fuel such as pulverized coal fired boilers.
Research shows that when coal powder is combusted, after air is preheated, the combustion efficiency of coal powder can be improved, the utilization rate of coal powder can be improved, and in a liquid slag discharging coal powder burner, secondary air and tertiary air are required to be preheated to high temperature in order to realize liquid slag discharging. The honeycomb ceramic heat storage technology can efficiently store heat in flue gas, and preheat air by using the partial heat, so that high-temperature air required by pulverized coal combustion is met, but unlike a gas fuel, a large amount of coal ash is generated during pulverized coal combustion, and the honeycomb ceramic heat storage body is blocked, so that the heat storage body cannot work normally, and the honeycomb ceramic heat storage technology cannot be directly applied to a pulverized coal high-temperature air combustion system.
The invention comprises the following steps:
The invention aims to apply the honeycomb ceramic heat accumulation technology to a pulverized coal burner and realize high-temperature air combustion of liquid slag-discharging pulverized coal under the condition of no need of additional energy, and the system solves the problem that the honeycomb ceramic heat accumulation body is blocked by coal ash when being applied to pulverized coal combustion, and organically combines the high-temperature air combustion technology and the liquid slag-discharging pulverized coal combustion technology; meanwhile, the wall surface of the burner of the system adopts an air cooling technology, and the heat is recovered to a coal mill to preheat coal dust.
The scheme adopted by the system is as follows:
The invention discloses a high-temperature air combustion system for liquid slag-discharging pulverized coal, which comprises a high-temperature air preheating system applying a continuous heat storage technology, a liquid slag-discharging pulverized coal combustion device and a wall air cooling and heat recovery system. Wherein the high-temperature air preheating system supplies high-temperature air with the temperature of more than 350 ℃ to the liquid slag-discharging pulverized coal burner, and the liquid slag-discharging pulverized coal burner innovatively realizes the application of the continuous heat storage technology in the pulverized coal combustion process.
As an important part of the system, the high-temperature air preheating system adopts a continuous heat storage technology, a heat storage chamber formed by a honeycomb ceramic heat storage body is used for preheating air and reducing the temperature of smoke, the honeycomb ceramic heat storage heat exchanger has strong heat storage capacity, on one hand, the heat of the high-temperature smoke can be stored, the heat of the high-temperature smoke is used for heating the air to more than 350 ℃, on the other hand, the high-temperature smoke can be effectively cooled to less than 100 ℃ and then discharged, the number of the heat storage chambers is two, the heat storage chambers are arranged in a flue behind a hearth and are used for carrying out air flow conversion through a reversing valve, the reversing valve is connected with a blower and a draught fan, the system is supplied with air and the smoke is led out, the two heat storage chambers continuously and periodically work, and the same heat storage chamber completes the preheating of the air and the cooling process of the smoke to be one period.
As an important part of the system, the pulverized coal combustion mode of the liquid slag-discharging pulverized coal combustion device is cyclone combustion, and the pulverized coal spray nozzle, the primary air and the secondary air are all cyclone and have the same direction; the burner is provided with two combustion chambers in total, a secondary tangential air inlet is arranged on the primary combustion chamber, a tertiary tangential air inlet is arranged on the secondary combustion chamber, the primary combustion chamber is arranged at a horizontal inclination angle of 10-45 degrees, one slag baffle is arranged between the secondary combustion chambers, and the slag box is arranged at the bottom of the front section of the secondary combustion chamber; the burner adopts an air staged combustion technology, the excess air coefficient of the primary combustion chamber is 0.75-0.9, the total excess air coefficient of the burner is not more than 1.1, wherein the excess air coefficient is calculated according to the actual coal supply quantity, and is the ratio of the actual air supply quantity to the air supply quantity theoretically required by the combustion coal dust; the air rate of the air supply of the burner coal dust spray head, the secondary air inlet and the tertiary air inlet is respectively (15-20): (60-75): (15-25); the adopted burner adopts a liquid slag discharging mode, and the slag catching rate is more than 90 percent.
As an important part of the system, the wall surface of the combustion chamber adopts an air cooling mode, an air cooling wall is arranged on the wall surface of the combustion chamber, the air inlet of the air cooling wall is connected with a blower, and the outlet of the air cooling wall is connected with a coal mill.
Compared with the prior art, the system has the beneficial effects that:
The invention relates to a liquid slag-discharging pulverized coal high-temperature air combustion system, which belongs to the technical field of pulverized coal high-temperature air combustion, organically combines a pulverized coal high-temperature air combustion technology and a liquid slag-discharging technology, and realizes the pulverized coal high-temperature air combustion technology under the condition of not adding extra energy. The system uses a continuous heat storage technology to preheat air, can heat the air supply of pulverized coal combustion to more than 350 ℃, realizes high-temperature air combustion of the pulverized coal, and simultaneously meets the high-temperature air supply required by slag tapping; different from other high-temperature air combustion technologies for applying the honeycomb ceramic heat accumulator to gas, the system adopts the liquid slag-discharging pulverized coal combustion device, the slag capturing rate is more than 90%, the content of coal ash in flue gas is reduced, meanwhile, the high-speed air supply of the burner can purge residual ash in the honeycomb ceramic heat accumulator, the problem that the honeycomb ceramic heat accumulator is blocked when being applied to pulverized coal combustion can be effectively solved, and the honeycomb ceramic heat accumulation technology can be well applied to the pulverized coal combustion process.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the high temperature air preheating system;
In the figure: 1. a coal dust spray head; 2. a secondary air inlet; 3. a tertiary air inlet; 4. a slag trap; 5. a slag box; 6. an air-cooled wall; 7. a liquid slag-discharging pulverized coal burner; 8. a primary combustion chamber; 9. a secondary combustion chamber; 10. a coal mill; 11. a blower; 12. a furnace; 13. a flue; 14. a high temperature air preheating system; 15. an induced draft fan; 16.1, a first regenerator; 16.2, a second regenerator; 17.1, a first reversing valve; 17.2, a second reversing valve.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
The system of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. In the specification, the same reference numerals refer to the same or similar parts. The description of the present examples is intended to be illustrative of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to all embodiments which may be obtained without making other inventive efforts based on the present examples.
The present invention is not described in detail in the following description.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention discloses a liquid slag-discharging pulverized coal high-temperature air combustion system, which comprises a liquid slag-discharging pulverized coal burner (7), a high-temperature air preheating system (14) and a coal mill (10). Wherein the high temperature air preheating system (14) comprises: the device comprises a blower (11), an induced draft fan (15), a first regenerator (16.1), a second regenerator (16.2), a first reversing valve (17.1) and a second reversing valve (17.2). The liquid slag-discharging pulverized coal burner (7) is provided with two combustion chambers, a secondary air inlet (2) is arranged in a primary combustion chamber (8), a tertiary air inlet (3) is arranged on a secondary combustion chamber (9) and is tangentially air-entering, in addition, an air cooling wall (6) is arranged on the primary combustion chamber (8), a slag box (5) is arranged in the secondary combustion chamber (9), and a slag baffle (4) is arranged between the combustion chambers; the burner is arranged on the hearth (12), the flue (13) is arranged at the tail part of the hearth (12), and the high-temperature air preheating system (14) is directly connected with the flue (13) and is connected with the secondary air inlet (2) and the tertiary air inlet (3); the induced draft fan (15) is connected with the high-temperature air preheating system (14), the air blower (11) is respectively connected with the high-temperature air preheating system (14) and the inlet of the air cooling wall (6), and the coal mill (10) is connected with the outlet of the air cooling wall (6) and conveys coal dust into the coal dust spray head (1).
When the system works stably, cold air introduced into the system by the blower (11) is divided into two parts: part of the cold air enters a high-temperature air preheating system (14), and after being preheated by the high-temperature air preheating system (14), the cold air can reach more than 350 ℃ and is led into a secondary air inlet (2) and a tertiary air inlet (3) of the combustion device; the other part of the hot air enters an air cooling wall (6) to cool the burner, and the hot air obtained after cooling the wall surface is led into a coal mill (10). The coal powder is prepared by a coal mill (10), carried by the obtained hot air, is sent to a liquid slag-discharging coal powder combustion device (7) by a cyclone coal powder spray head (1), is mixed with secondary air and tertiary air of tangential air inlet for combustion, ash is melted into liquid at high temperature, and finally the formed liquid slag is discharged by a slag box (5). The high-temperature flue gas generated by the burner flows through the flue (13), exchanges heat through a high-temperature air preheating system (14) arranged behind the flue (13), is cooled to below 100 ℃, and is finally discharged to the environment by an induced draft fan (15).
As shown in fig. 2, the high-temperature air preheating system is continuous heat storage, and mainly exchanges heat through honeycomb ceramic heat storages in the first heat storage chamber (16.1) and the second heat storage chamber (16.2). During stable operation, the two regenerators alternately perform air preheating and flue gas cooling, and the first regenerator (16.1) is a high Wen Erdi two regenerators (16.2) which are in a low-temperature state is taken as an example for illustration: cold air is introduced into the high-temperature first regenerator (16.1) through the first reversing valve (17.1) by the blower (11), the process of heating the air and cooling the regenerator is performed at the moment, meanwhile, high-speed air blows residual coal ash in the regenerator, the self-cleaning process of the honeycomb ceramic regenerator can be realized, and the generated hot air is introduced into the pulverized coal burner through the second reversing valve (17.2) for air supply; simultaneously, hot flue gas generated by a hearth is introduced into a low-temperature second heat storage chamber (16.2) through a second reversing valve (17.2), heat is transferred to the heat storage body, and at the moment, the flue gas is cooled and the heat storage body is heated, and the flue gas is discharged out of the system through a draught fan (15) through a first reversing valve (17.1); periodically, the directions of the first reversing valve (17.1) and the second reversing valve (17.2) are adjusted to enable cold air to enter the high-temperature second heat storage chamber (16.2) to preheat air, and flue gas is cooled through the low-temperature first heat storage chamber (16.1). The system fixes the reversing time, so that the ceramic heat accumulator is periodically heated and cooled, and continuous air preheating and flue gas cooling processes are realized.

Claims (2)

1. The high-temperature air combustion system for the liquid slag-discharging pulverized coal is characterized by comprising three parts: a high-temperature air preheating system (14), a liquid slag-discharging pulverized coal burner (7) and an air cooling burner wall surface and heat recovery system; the high-temperature air preheating system comprises a first heat accumulation chamber (16.1) and a second heat accumulation chamber (16.2), the first heat accumulation chamber (16.1) and the second heat accumulation chamber (16.2) are arranged at the outlet of the flue (13) in parallel, the right ends of the two heat accumulation chambers are connected with a first reversing valve (17.1), and the left ends of the two heat accumulation chambers are connected with a second reversing valve (17.2); the blower (11) and the induced draft fan (15) are connected to the first reversing valve (17.1), and hot flue gas and burner air supply are communicated with the regenerator through the second reversing valve (17.2); the pulverized coal nozzle (1) of the liquid slag-discharging pulverized coal burner (7) is a cyclone nozzle, the burner is provided with two combustion chambers in total, a secondary air inlet (2) is arranged at a primary combustion chamber (8), a tertiary air inlet (3) is arranged at a secondary combustion chamber (9), the two air inlets are tangential inlets, the cyclone direction is consistent with the direction of the pulverized coal nozzle, a slag baffle (4) is arranged between the two combustion chambers, a slag box (5) is arranged at the bottom of the front end of the secondary combustion chamber (9), the secondary combustion chamber (9) is communicated with a hearth (12), and a flue (13) is arranged at the tail part of the hearth (12); the high-temperature air combustion system for the liquid slag-discharging pulverized coal adopts an air cooling burner wall surface, an air cooling wall (6) is arranged at a primary combustion chamber (8), an air inlet section of the air cooling wall is connected with a blower (11), and an air outlet section of the air cooling wall is connected with a coal mill (10); the coal mill (10) is directly connected with the coal powder spray head (1);
The system air supply is provided by a blower (11), and cold air introduced into the system by the blower (11) is divided into two parts: part of the cold air enters a high-temperature air preheating system (14), and the cold air is preheated by the high-temperature air preheating system (14) and then is led into a secondary air inlet (2) and a tertiary air inlet (3) of the combustion device; the other part of the hot air enters an air cooling wall (6) to cool the burner, and the hot air obtained after cooling the wall surface is led into a coal mill (10); the coal powder is prepared by a coal mill (10), carried by the obtained hot air, is sent to a liquid slag-discharging coal powder burner (7) by a cyclone coal powder spray nozzle (1), is mixed with secondary air and tertiary air for combustion, and liquid slag formed by coal powder combustion is discharged by a slag box (5); the high-temperature flue gas generated by the burner flows through a hearth (12) and a flue (13), exchanges heat through a high-temperature air preheating system (14) arranged behind the flue (13), and is discharged to the environment by an induced draft fan (15) after being cooled;
The liquid slag-discharging pulverized coal burner (7) is a liquid slag-discharging pulverized coal burner adopting cyclone combustion, adopts an air staged combustion technology, is divided into two combustion chambers, wherein a primary combustion chamber (8) is arranged at a horizontal inclination angle of 10-45 degrees, the excess air coefficient of the primary combustion chamber (8) is 0.75-0.9, the total excess air coefficient of the burner is not more than 1.1, and the air supply rates of a pulverized coal nozzle (1), a secondary air inlet (2) and a tertiary air inlet (3) of the burner are respectively (15-20): (60-75): (15-25).
2. The high-temperature air combustion system for liquid slag-discharging pulverized coal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first heat storage chamber (16.1) and the second heat storage chamber (16.2) which are important parts of the high-temperature air preheating system (14) adopt a honeycomb ceramic heat storage technology for heat exchange, and air preheating and flue gas cooling are continuously and alternately completed, and one cycle is after the air preheating process and the flue gas cooling process are completed in the same heat storage chamber.
CN202110516570.6A 2021-05-12 2021-05-12 High-temperature air combustion system for liquid slag-discharging pulverized coal Active CN113091053B (en)

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CN115823578B (en) * 2022-11-24 2023-11-17 四川川锅锅炉有限责任公司 Two-stage cyclone liquid slag condensing boiler for burning high-alkali coal

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CN2051324U (en) * 1989-08-23 1990-01-17 北京科技大学 Liquid-cinder pulverised-coal cyclone combustion apparatus
JP2001208337A (en) * 2000-01-25 2001-08-03 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd Pulverized coal combustor
CN1361382A (en) * 2000-12-29 2002-07-31 中国科学院广州能源研究所 Air-cooled coal powder burner with low-dust liquid state slag exhaust
CN101825276A (en) * 2010-04-26 2010-09-08 中国科学院广州能源研究所 Energy-saving environment-friendly liquid slag removal type coal-fired heating system
CN214891150U (en) * 2021-05-12 2021-11-26 北京工业大学 Liquid slag-discharging pulverized coal high-temperature air combustion system

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT181342B (en) * 1952-09-06 1955-03-10 Simmering Graz Pauker Ag Cyclone firing
CN2051324U (en) * 1989-08-23 1990-01-17 北京科技大学 Liquid-cinder pulverised-coal cyclone combustion apparatus
JP2001208337A (en) * 2000-01-25 2001-08-03 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd Pulverized coal combustor
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CN214891150U (en) * 2021-05-12 2021-11-26 北京工业大学 Liquid slag-discharging pulverized coal high-temperature air combustion system

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