CN113091036A - System and method for controlling boiler contamination - Google Patents
System and method for controlling boiler contamination Download PDFInfo
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- CN113091036A CN113091036A CN202110225154.0A CN202110225154A CN113091036A CN 113091036 A CN113091036 A CN 113091036A CN 202110225154 A CN202110225154 A CN 202110225154A CN 113091036 A CN113091036 A CN 113091036A
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- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 212
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 212
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 173
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 173
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 236
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 28
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004497 NIR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003331 infrared imaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
- F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
- F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2239/00—Fuels
- F23N2239/02—Solid fuels
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a system and a method for controlling boiler contamination, relates to the technical field of thermal power generation, and solves the problem that the contamination cannot be timely controlled at present, so that the safe and normal operation of a unit is influenced. The system comprises a flue gas online detection device and a data analysis device; the smoke on-line detection device is arranged on the boiler and used for acquiring spectral data of flame in the boiler and transmitting the spectral data to the data analysis device; and the data analysis device is used for calculating the content of alkali metal in the boiler flue gas according to the spectral data. The system and the method for controlling boiler contamination are used for controlling boiler contamination generation.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of thermal power generation, in particular to a system and a method for controlling boiler contamination.
Background
During the combustion process of coal, alkali metals (Na, K and the like) in the coal are sublimated at high temperature, volatilized alkali metals or alkali metal oxides exist in boiler flue gas in a gaseous state, micron-sized fly ash particles are formed under the action of condensation and agglomeration, and when the coal encounters a relatively cold heated surface, the micron-sized particles rich in the alkali metals and the alkali metal oxides thereof are deposited on the surface of the heated surface through the actions of thermophoretic deposition, chemical reaction, flue gas carrying collision and the like to form contamination rich in the alkali metals. When the contamination is serious, not only the heat transfer is influenced, the boiler efficiency is reduced, but also the safe operation of the unit is influenced. Therefore, the contamination is required to be controlled, the contamination degree is reduced, and the safe and normal operation of the unit is further ensured.
The current method for controlling boiler contamination generally comprises the steps that a technician observes the contamination condition through a boiler fire observation hole or detects the contamination condition through an infrared imaging device, coal is taken into a boiler according to the contamination degree and tested in a laboratory, and then the running state of the boiler is correspondingly adjusted according to the testing result. However, this control method occurs after contamination occurs and the operation state of the boiler is adjusted after the coal quality of the coal as fired is tested, and the testing process of the coal quality of the coal as fired requires a long time, so that the operation state of the boiler cannot be adjusted in time, and contamination cannot be controlled in time.
Therefore, a solution for timely controlling boiler contamination is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a system and a method for controlling boiler contamination, which can be used for solving the problem that the prior art cannot control the contamination in time, thereby influencing the safe and normal operation of a unit.
The embodiment of the invention provides a system for controlling boiler contamination, which comprises a flue gas online detection device and a data analysis device;
the smoke on-line detection device is arranged on the boiler and used for acquiring spectral data of flame in the boiler and transmitting the spectral data to the data analysis device;
and the data analysis device is used for calculating the content of alkali metal in the boiler flue gas according to the spectral data.
Optionally, in one embodiment, the system further comprises an online coal quality detection device,
the coal quality online detection device is arranged above a belt of a coal feeder and used for acquiring coal quality and composition data of coal as fired on the belt of the coal feeder and transmitting the coal quality and composition data of the coal as fired to the data analysis device;
and the data analysis device is also used for calculating the content of alkali metal in the coal as fired according to the coal quality and composition data of the coal as fired.
Optionally, in an embodiment, the number of the smoke on-line detection devices is at least two.
Optionally, in one embodiment, the online smoke detection device is arranged above a burner of the boiler.
Optionally, in an embodiment, the system further includes a control unit, and the control unit is connected to the data analysis device, the coal feeder, the primary wind box of the boiler, and the secondary wind box of the boiler, respectively; the control unit is used for controlling at least one of the coal feeder, the primary air box of the boiler and the secondary air box of the boiler according to the alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas and the alkali metal content in the coal as fired, which are obtained through calculation by the data analysis device.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a method for controlling boiler contamination by any system for controlling boiler contamination, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring spectral data of flame in the boiler through a smoke online detection device;
calculating the content of alkali metal in the boiler flue gas according to the spectral data;
and adjusting the operation state of the boiler based on the content of alkali metal in the boiler flue gas.
Optionally, in an embodiment, the method further includes:
acquiring coal quality and component data of coal as fired through a coal quality online detection device;
calculating the content of alkali metal in the coal as fired according to the coal quality component data of the coal as fired;
adjusting the operation state of the boiler based on the alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas, including:
and adjusting the operation state of the boiler based on the content of alkali metal in the boiler flue gas and the content of alkali metal in the coal as fired.
Optionally, in an embodiment, the adjusting the operation state of the boiler based on the alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas and the alkali metal content in the coal as fired includes:
if the content of alkali metals in the boiler flue gas is greater than or equal to a first preset threshold value, and the content of alkali metals in the coal as fired is greater than or equal to a second preset threshold value, adjusting the ratio of primary air to secondary air and the input amount of the coal as fired;
if the content of alkali metals in the boiler flue gas is greater than or equal to the first preset threshold value and the content of alkali metals in the coal as fired is less than the second preset threshold value, adjusting the ratio of primary air to secondary air;
and if the content of alkali metal in the boiler flue gas is less than the first preset threshold value and the content of alkali metal in the coal as fired is greater than or equal to the second preset threshold value, adjusting the coal as fired.
Optionally, in an embodiment, the adjusting the ratio of the primary air to the secondary air is specifically to reduce the primary air ratio and increase the secondary air ratio; the adjusting of the coal as fired comprises: at least one of the fineness, the blending ratio and the input amount of the pulverized coal of the coal as fired is adjusted.
Optionally, in an embodiment, the coal quality online detection device acquires coal quality component data of the coal as fired by using an energy laser detection method or a neutron activation detection method.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the embodiment of the application provides a system and a method for controlling boiler contamination, wherein the system comprises a flue gas online detection device and a data analysis device; the smoke on-line detection device is arranged on the boiler and used for acquiring spectral data of flame in the boiler and transmitting the spectral data to the data analysis device; and the data analysis device is used for calculating the content of alkali metal in the boiler flue gas according to the spectral data. Through set up flue gas on-line measuring device on the boiler, can acquire the spectral data of flame in the boiler in real time to transmit spectral data for data analysis device and calculate, and then can obtain alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas in real time. Therefore, the operation state of the boiler can be adjusted in time according to the alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas obtained in real time, the alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas is reduced in time, the boiler flue gas is prevented from being seriously contaminated on the heating surface, and the safe and normal operation of the power plant unit is effectively ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a system for controlling boiler fouling according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of another system for controlling boiler fouling according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of another system for controlling boiler fouling according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of another system for controlling boiler fouling according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a method for controlling boiler fouling according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart of another method for controlling boiler fouling according to an embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals:
10-a system for controlling boiler fouling; 101-a boiler; 1011 — a first burner; 1012-a second burner; 1013-a third burner; 102-a flue gas online detection device; 1021-an optical probe; 1022 — a fixed part; 103-data analysis means; 104-coal quality on-line detection device; 105-a coal feeder; 1051-a belt; 106 — control unit.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail and completely with reference to the following specific embodiments of the present application and the accompanying drawings. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The features of the terms first and second in the description and in the claims of the present application may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified. In addition, "and/or" in the specification and claims means at least one of connected objects, a character "/" generally means that a preceding and succeeding related objects are in an "or" relationship.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present application and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the present application.
In the description of the present application, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.
As described in the background of the present application, alkali metals (Na, K, etc.) in coal undergo sublimation at high temperatures during combustion of the coal, and volatilized alkali metals or alkali metal oxides (Na)2O+K2O) exists in the boiler flue gas in a gaseous state, micron-sized fly ash particles are formed under the action of condensation and agglomeration, and when the flue gas encounters a relatively cold heated surface, the micron-sized particles rich in alkali metals and alkali metal oxides thereof are deposited on the surface of the heated surface through thermophoretic deposition, chemical reaction, flue gas carrying collision and the like to form contamination rich in the alkali metals. Particularly, when high-alkali coal with high alkali metal content is combusted in a boiler, a large amount of alkali metal can be released and condensed on a heating surface to form a fouling layer, so that the heat transfer resistance of the heating surface of the boiler is increased. If not controlling to staining, stain the layer and continuously increase, not only can cause the boiler to overheat, reheat steam desuperheating water yield to increase, boiler exhaust gas temperature risees, and boiler efficiency reduces, still can influence the safe operation of unit when serious. For example, the contamination on the heating surface can generate complex chemical reaction with the tube wall of the heating surface to form high-temperature corrosion, and the thickness of the tube wall is reduced. At present, the boiler contamination is generally controlled by technical personnel to observe the contamination condition through a boiler fire observation hole or detect the contamination condition through an infrared imaging device, coal is taken into a boiler according to the contamination degree and tested in a laboratory, and then the running state of the boiler is adjusted according to the testing result. However, this kind of control mode takes place after producing to stain to just correspond the running state who adjusts the boiler after assay to the coal as fired coal, and the assay process of coal as fired coal needs longer time, leads to in time adjusting the boiler running state, thereby leads to in time not controlling staining, stains and can continuously increase in the assay process and form comparatively serious staining, influences the safety of unit, normal operating.
Based on this, the present application provides a system 10 for controlling boiler fouling, as shown in fig. 1, the system 10 includes a boiler 101, an on-line flue gas detection device 102 and a data analysis device 103; the online smoke detection device 102 is arranged on the boiler 101 and used for acquiring spectral data of flame in the boiler and transmitting the spectral data to the data analysis device 103, and the data analysis device 103 is used for calculating the content of alkali metal in the boiler smoke according to the spectral data.
The online smoke detection device 102 may include an optical probe 1021 and a fixing part 1022, as shown in fig. 1, the optical probe 1021 extends into the boiler 101 to obtain spectral data of flame in the furnace; the fixing part 1022 is fixed on the outer wall of the boiler 101, and is used for supporting and fixing the optical probe 1021.
The data analysis means 103 may be a computer with associated software, which may be software capable of calculating the alkali metal content of the boiler flue gas from the spectral data of the flame in the boiler. The data analysis device 103 may be installed at a production site nearby or at a remote monitoring room remote from the production site. The data analysis device 103 may be disposed in a monitoring Distributed Control System (DCS) or a unit DCS system.
The content of alkali metals in the flue gas is detected by the flue gas online detection device 102 and the data analysis device 103, and can be obtained based on near infrared spectroscopy, natural ray methods, X-ray fluorescence, near infrared spectroscopy and other methods.
By last knowing, the system that control boiler stain that this application embodiment provided through set up flue gas on-line measuring device on the boiler, can acquire the spectral data of stove flame in real time to transmit spectral data for data analysis device and calculate, can obtain alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas in real time. Therefore, the operation state of the boiler can be adjusted in time according to the alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas obtained in real time, the alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas is reduced in time, the boiler flue gas is prevented from being seriously contaminated on the heating surface, and the safe and normal operation of the power plant unit is effectively ensured.
The method comprises the steps of obtaining the content of alkali metal in boiler flue gas in real time, wherein the operation state of the boiler can be timely adjusted according to the content of the alkali metal in the boiler flue gas obtained in real time, judging whether the content of the alkali metal in the boiler flue gas is within a safety range, and if the content of the alkali metal in the boiler flue gas is within the safety range, not adjusting the operation state of the boiler; if the temperature is not within the safe range, the operation state of the boiler is adjusted, specifically, the average temperature and the peak temperature of the flame in the hearth can be reduced by adjusting one or more of the proportion of primary air and secondary air, the input amount of coal entering the boiler, the fineness of coal entering the boiler and the load of the boiler, so that the content of alkali metal in the flue gas of the boiler is reduced. It will be appreciated that the higher the temperature of the flame in the furnace, the greater the concentration and rate of alkali metal release from the combustion of the coal and the more severe the resulting fouling. The safety range is the range of alkali metal concentration in the boiler flue gas corresponding to the situation that the boiler flue gas does not generate serious contamination on the heating surface (the serious contamination can be understood as the contamination degree which can influence the safe and normal operation of the unit), the specific value of the safety range can be determined according to factors such as the internal structure of the boiler, the material of the heating surface and the like, for example, the safety range can be that the alkali metal content in the flue gas is 50mg/m3Within.
In addition, the contamination control mode in the prior art is performed after contamination is generated, the operation state of the boiler is adjusted after coal quality of fired coal is tested, the contamination cannot be timely controlled, and whether the adopted adjustment measures play a role in reducing the content of alkali metal in boiler flue gas or not can not be quickly verified after the operation state of the boiler is adjusted, whether the temperature of flame in a hearth is reduced or not can be indirectly judged only according to the changes of parameters such as wall temperature of the boiler, water reduction and the like, and whether the content of alkali metal in the boiler flue gas is reduced or not is further deduced, so that the verification mode is slow and inaccurate. And this application embodiment is through setting up flue gas on-line measuring device on the boiler, acquires the spectral data of stove flame in real time to give data analysis device with spectral data and calculate, obtain alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas in real time not only can provide the basis for formulating the adjustment strategy, can also verify whether the adjustment strategy plays a role after adjusting the running state to the boiler. For example, after the proportion of the primary air and the secondary air is adjusted, the content of alkali metal in the adjusted boiler flue gas is obtained in real time through the flue gas online detection device and the data analysis device, and if the content of alkali metal is reduced, the adjustment strategy is indicated to be in effect. The verification method is fast and accurate, and can avoid the situation that the operation state of the boiler is further adjusted by technicians when the verification process is slow and time delay occurs, so that the boiler efficiency is unnecessarily reduced. It can be understood that one or more of the proportion of primary air and secondary air of the boiler, the input amount of coal to be fired, the fineness of pulverized coal to be fired and the load of the boiler are adjusted to reduce the average temperature and the peak temperature of flame in a hearth, so that the efficiency of the boiler is reduced to a certain extent.
In order to obtain a more accurate alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas, in one embodiment, the number of the flue gas online detection devices 102 is at least two. Through setting up a plurality of flue gas on-line measuring device 102, can acquire a plurality of spectral data of stove flame, data analysis device 103 can calculate alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas according to the average value of a plurality of spectral data, can obtain more accurate alkali metal content, and then whether alkali metal content in the accurate boiler flue gas of confirming is in the safety range, and further can accurately confirm whether need adjust the running state of boiler. In practical applications, the content of alkali metals in the boiler flue gas is calculated based on the spectral data obtained by only one flue gas online detection device 102, and the actual content of alkali metals in the boiler flue gas may not be reflected. If the alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas is calculated to be smaller than the true value of the alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas only based on the spectral data acquired by one flue gas online detection device 102, for example, the calculated alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas is within a safe range, and the true value of the alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas exceeds the safe range, a technician may not adjust the operation state of the boiler at this time, and finally serious contamination is caused. If the alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas is calculated to be greater than the true value of the alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas based on the spectral data acquired by one flue gas online detection device 102, for example, the calculated alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas is not within a safe range, and the true value of the alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas is within the safe range, technicians may adjust the operation state of the boiler at this time, which finally results in the reduction of the boiler efficiency and causes unnecessary economic loss. Therefore, the calculated alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas close to the real alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas is a key factor for avoiding serious contamination and causing unnecessary economic loss. The plurality of flue gas online detection devices 102 are arranged in the embodiment of the application, so that the closeness degree of the alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas obtained by calculation and the real alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas can be improved.
The specific number and the arrangement position of the on-line smoke detection devices 102 can also be adjusted according to actual needs. For example, the number of the flue gas online detection devices 102 is 4, and the 4 flue gas online detection devices 102 are respectively arranged at the positions corresponding to the two side walls and the front and rear walls of the boiler furnace. The plurality of flue gas online detection devices 102 can also be arranged at positions corresponding to one side wall of the boiler furnace; as shown in fig. 2, the system 10 for controlling boiler contamination provided in the embodiment of the present application includes 2 online smoke detection devices 102, where the 2 online smoke detection devices 102 are all disposed at positions corresponding to one side wall of a boiler furnace.
The combustion condition in the boiler is complex, the content of alkali metals in the flue gas far away from the heating surface is possibly inconsistent with the content of alkali metals in the flue gas close to the heating surface, and the flue gas close to the heating surface is contacted with the heating surface to stain the heating surface, so that the content of the alkali metals in the flue gas close to the heating surface is obtained, whether serious staining is generated on the heating surface can be accurately predicted, and whether the operation state of the boiler needs to be adjusted is accurately determined. For example, if the content of alkali metals in the flue gas close to the heating surface is not within the safe range, the situation that the flue gas will produce serious contamination on the heating surface can be predicted, the operation state of the boiler can be adjusted in advance, the content of alkali metals in the flue gas close to the heating surface can be reduced in time, and the flue gas is controlled within the safe range, so that the serious contamination on the heating surface can be avoided. The coal as fired is fed into the burner and is burnt in the hearth to generate flue gas, the flue gas rises to contact with the heating surface to generate contamination, and therefore the flue gas above the burner in the hearth is closer to the heating surface. In order to obtain the alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas close to the heating surface, in one embodiment, the flue gas online detection device 102 is arranged above a burner of the boiler 101.
When a plurality of burners are arranged on the boiler 101, the online smoke detection device 102 is arranged above the burner farthest from the bottom of the boiler 101, and when a plurality of online smoke detection devices 102 are arranged, the online smoke detection devices 102 are all arranged above the burner farthest from the bottom of the boiler. As shown in fig. 3, the boiler 101 includes three burners, a first burner 1011, a second burner 1012 and a third burner 1013, the first burner 1011, the second burner 1012 and the third burner 1013 are longitudinally disposed on the boiler 101, and the distance from the first burner 1011 to the bottom of the boiler 101 < the distance from the second burner 1012 to the bottom of the boiler 101 < the distance from the third burner 1013 to the bottom of the boiler 101; the two online smoke detection devices 102 are both arranged above the third combustor 1013.
The factors causing the higher content of the alkali metal in the boiler flue gas are many, mainly include coal quality conditions of coal as fired, combustion conditions in the boiler and the like, the main reasons causing the higher content of the alkali metal in the boiler flue gas are determined, and the operation state of the boiler can be adjusted in a targeted manner, so that the content of the alkali metal in the boiler flue gas is reduced as soon as possible, and the condition that a heating surface is seriously contaminated is avoided in time. If the detected alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas is higher and exceeds the safety range, technicians adjust the combustion conditions in the boiler, for example, the primary air and secondary air ratio is adjusted, and the main reason actually causing the higher alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas at this time is the coal quality conditions of the coal as fired (for example, the higher alkali metal content of the coal as fired), because the adjustment strategy is not established aiming at the main reason, the alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas can not be quickly reduced, namely, the adjustment of the combustion conditions in the boiler can not achieve a good effect. Therefore, the main reason causing high content of alkali metal in the boiler flue gas is determined, and the method has an important guiding function for establishing an adjustment strategy.
Based on this, in one implementation, the system 10 for controlling boiler contamination provided in the embodiment of the present application further includes an on-line coal quality detection device 104, where the on-line coal quality detection device 104 is disposed above the belt 1051 of the coal feeder 105, and is configured to acquire coal as fired quality and composition data on the belt 1051 of the coal feeder 105 and transmit the coal as fired quality and composition data to the data analysis device 103; the data analysis device 103 is further configured to calculate the content of alkali metal in the coal as fired according to the coal quality component data of the coal as fired, as shown in fig. 4. Wherein, the coal feeder 105 is used for conveying the coal as fired to the first burner 1011, the second burner 1012 and the third burner 1013 for combustion.
The embodiment of the application further sets up coal quality on-line measuring device and carries out real-time detection to the coal quality composition of coal as fired, obtains real-time alkali metal content in the coal as fired, based on whether the higher reason of alkali metal content in the flue gas can be confirmed to the alkali metal content in the coal as fired is the coal quality condition of coal as fired, and then the adjustment strategy is formulated to pertinence. For example, if it is detected that the content of alkali metals in the boiler flue gas is high and the content of alkali metals in the as-fired coal is also high, it can be determined that the main reason causing the high content of alkali metals in the flue gas is the coal quality condition of the as-fired coal, and then an adjustment strategy can be formulated for the as-fired coal, such as changing the coal quality, adjusting the blending ratio of the as-fired coal, reducing the input amount of the as-fired coal, improving the fineness of the pulverized coal, and the like; if the detected alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas is high and the alkali metal content in the coal as fired is low, the main reason for the high alkali metal content in the flue gas can be determined to be the combustion condition in the boiler, and further the combustion condition in the boiler can be adjusted, for example, the primary air secondary air ratio is changed, the combustion temperature in the boiler is reduced, and the like.
The coal quality on-line detection device 104 may be a device for detecting the coal quality of the as-fired coal by using a high-energy laser on-line detection method, or a device for detecting the coal quality of the as-fired coal by using a neutron activation method on-line detection method, and the data analysis device 103 may further be provided with related software capable of calculating the content of alkali metals in the coal according to the coal composition data.
In practical application, the operation state of the boiler is adjusted in time and the content of the alkali metal in the boiler flue gas is reduced in time according to the content of the alkali metal in the boiler flue gas obtained in real time and the content of the alkali metal in the coal as fired obtained in real time, so that a technician can judge whether the operation state of the boiler needs to be adjusted or not according to the content of the alkali metal in the boiler flue gas obtained in real time and the content of the alkali metal in the coal as fired obtained in real time, and can make different adjustment strategies according to different conditions. For example, when the content of alkali metal in the boiler flue gas exceeds the safety range and the content of alkali metal in the coal as fired is lower, technicians can only adjust the proportion of primary air and secondary air; when the content of alkali metal in the boiler flue gas exceeds the safety range, the content of alkali metal in the coal as fired is also higher, technicians can adjust the coal as fired, and if the content of alkali metal in the boiler flue gas exceeds the safety range, the proportion of primary air and secondary air can be further adjusted to serve as an auxiliary means.
In order to adjust the operation state of the boiler in time according to the alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas and the alkali metal content in the coal as fired, in one embodiment, the system 10 for manufacturing boiler contamination according to the embodiment of the present application further includes a control unit 106, as shown in fig. 4, wherein the control unit 106 is connected to the data analysis device 103, the coal feeder 105, a primary wind box (not shown) of the boiler 101, and a secondary wind box (not shown) of the boiler 101, respectively; the control unit 106 is configured to control at least one of the coal feeder, a primary air box of the boiler, and a secondary air box of the boiler according to the alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas and the alkali metal content in the coal as fired, which are calculated by the data analysis device 103. The control unit 106 may be disposed in a monitoring Distributed Control System (DCS), or a unit DCS system.
For example, when the alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas exceeds the safety range and the alkali metal content in the coal as fired is low, the control unit 106 may control the primary air box and the secondary air box to adjust the ratio of the primary air and the secondary air; when the content of alkali metal in the boiler flue gas exceeds the safety range and the content of alkali metal in the coal as fired is higher, the control unit 106 can reduce the input amount of the coal as fired by controlling the coal feeder 105. The control unit 106 may reduce the input amount of coal as fired by the coal feeder 105 by controlling the coal feeder 105 to stop feeding coal as fired to any one or two of the first burner 1011, the second burner 1012 and the third burner 1013.
Therefore, the system for controlling boiler contamination provided by the embodiment of the application can acquire the spectrum data of flame in the boiler and the coal quality component data of the coal as fired in real time by arranging the smoke on-line detection device on the boiler and arranging the coal quality on-line detection device above the belt of the coal feeder, and can transmit the spectrum data and the coal quality component data of the coal as fired to the data analysis device for calculation, so that the content of alkali metal in the smoke of the boiler and the content of alkali metal in the coal as fired can be obtained in real time. Therefore, the operation state of the boiler can be timely and accurately adjusted and the content of the alkali metal in the boiler flue gas can be timely and accurately reduced according to the content of the alkali metal in the boiler flue gas and the content of the alkali metal in the coal as fired, the boiler flue gas is prevented from being seriously stained on a heating surface, and the safe and normal operation of a power plant unit is effectively ensured.
Based on the system for controlling boiler contamination provided by the embodiment of the application, the embodiment of the application further provides a method for controlling boiler contamination, and as shown in fig. 5, the method includes:
and 203, adjusting the operation state of the boiler based on the content of alkali metal in the boiler flue gas.
The operation state of the boiler is adjusted based on the alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas, and the average temperature and the peak temperature of flame in a hearth can be reduced by adjusting one or more of the proportion of primary air and secondary air, the input amount of coal entering the boiler, the fineness of coal entering the boiler and the load of the boiler, so that the alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas is reduced.
The method for controlling boiler contamination provided by the embodiment of the application comprises the steps of obtaining spectral data of flame in a boiler in real time through a smoke online detection device arranged on the boiler, transmitting the spectral data to a data analysis device for calculation, obtaining the content of alkali metal in boiler smoke in real time, adjusting the operation state of the boiler in time and reducing the content of alkali metal in the boiler smoke in time according to the content of alkali metal in the boiler smoke obtained in real time, avoiding serious contamination of the boiler smoke on a heating surface, and effectively ensuring the safety and normal operation of a power plant unit.
The factors causing the higher content of the alkali metal in the boiler flue gas are many, mainly include coal quality conditions of coal as fired, combustion conditions in the boiler and the like, the main reasons causing the higher content of the alkali metal in the boiler flue gas are determined, and the operation state of the boiler can be adjusted in a targeted manner, so that the content of the alkali metal in the boiler flue gas is reduced as soon as possible, and the condition that a heating surface is seriously contaminated is avoided in time. Therefore, the main reason causing high content of alkali metal in the boiler flue gas is determined, and the method has an important guiding function for establishing an adjustment strategy.
Based on this, the method for controlling boiler fouling provided by the embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 6, further includes:
301, acquiring coal quality component data of coal as fired by a coal quality online detection device;
adjusting the operation state of the boiler based on the content of the alkali metal in the boiler flue gas comprises step 303, adjusting the operation state of the boiler based on the content of the alkali metal in the boiler flue gas and the content of the alkali metal in the coal as fired.
When the content of alkali metal in the boiler flue gas is not within the safe range, based on the content of alkali metal in the boiler flue gas and the content of alkali metal in the coal as fired, whether the main reason causing the higher content of alkali metal in the boiler flue gas is the coal quality condition of the coal as fired can be preliminarily judged and determined, and then an adjustment strategy is established pertinently, so that the content of alkali metal in the boiler flue gas can be timely reduced, and the generation of serious contamination is avoided.
if the content of alkali metals in the boiler flue gas is greater than or equal to a first preset threshold value, and the content of alkali metals in the coal as fired is greater than or equal to a second preset threshold value, adjusting the ratio of primary air to secondary air and the coal as fired;
if the content of alkali metals in the boiler flue gas is greater than or equal to the first preset threshold value and the content of alkali metals in the coal as fired is less than the second preset threshold value, adjusting the ratio of primary air to secondary air;
and if the content of alkali metal in the boiler flue gas is less than the first preset threshold value and the content of alkali metal in the coal as fired is greater than or equal to the second preset threshold value, adjusting the coal as fired.
The first preset threshold value can represent the critical concentration of the alkali metal content when boiler flue gas generates serious contamination, and the serious contamination is the contamination degree capable of influencing the safe and normal operation of a unit. When the concentration of the alkali metal in the boiler flue gas is greater than or equal to the first preset threshold value, the concentration of the alkali metal in the boiler flue gas is out of a safe range, and if no measures are taken, serious contamination can be generated, and the efficiency of the boiler is influenced, even the boiler operates safely. The second preset threshold value can represent the critical content of the boiler flue gas with higher alkali metal concentration caused by the coal as fired, and the boiler flue gas with higher alkali metal concentration is easy to generate more serious contamination. And comparing the content of the alkali metal in the coal as fired with the second preset threshold value, and preliminarily judging whether the content of the alkali metal in the coal as fired causes higher content of the alkali metal in the flue gas in the boiler.
In practical application, due to the complex combustion condition in the boiler, the content of alkali metal in the coal as fired and the content of alkali metal in the boiler flue gas may not be in a simple linear relationship, i.e. the content of alkali metal in the coal as fired is not high, but the content of alkali metal in the boiler flue gas is high. Therefore, the object to be adjusted can be accurately determined by simultaneously referring to the content of alkali metal in the coal as fired and the content of alkali metal in the boiler flue gas.
For example, if the alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas is greater than or equal to a first preset threshold value, and the alkali metal content in the coal as fired is greater than or equal to a second preset threshold value, it is indicated that the higher alkali metal content in the coal as fired is a main reason for the higher alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas, at this time, it may be determined that a main adjustment object is the coal as fired, that is, the coal as fired may be adjusted, and on this basis, the ratio of the primary air and the secondary air may also be further adjusted. Wherein, can further adjust the ratio of once wind and overgrate air, specifically include: when the content of alkali metal in the boiler flue gas is greater than or equal to a third preset threshold (the third preset threshold is greater than the first preset threshold), the proportion of primary air and secondary air can be further adjusted to assist in adjusting coal as fired, so that the content of alkali metal in the boiler flue gas is reduced as soon as possible.
If the content of alkali metals in the boiler flue gas is greater than or equal to the first preset threshold value, and the content of alkali metals in the coal as fired is less than the second preset threshold value, it is indicated that the content of alkali metals in the coal as fired is not the main reason for higher content of alkali metals in the boiler flue gas, and at this time, it can be determined that a main adjustment object is a boiler combustion condition, for example, the proportion of primary air secondary air is adjusted.
If the content of alkali metals in the boiler flue gas is smaller than the first preset threshold value and the content of alkali metals in the coal as fired is larger than or equal to the second preset threshold value, the situation that the content of alkali metals in the boiler flue gas is increased possibly after the coal as fired enters the boiler and is combusted is indicated, even if the content of alkali metals in the boiler flue gas is not in a safe range, the coal as fired can be adjusted, the content of alkali metals in the boiler flue gas is prevented from being increased in advance, and the generation of serious contamination is avoided.
If the content of alkali metals in the boiler flue gas is smaller than the first preset threshold value and the content of alkali metals in the coal as fired is smaller than the second preset threshold value, the boiler is indicated to be in normal and safe operation, and adjustment can not be performed.
The proportion of the primary air and the secondary air is adjusted, specifically, the proportion of the primary air is reduced, and the proportion of the secondary air is improved; the adjustment of the coal as fired can be one or more of the fineness of the coal powder of the coal as fired, the blending ratio or the input amount and the like. Wherein, the adjustment of the fineness of the coal dust can be to increase the fineness of the coal dust; the blending proportion can be adjusted to reduce the blending amount of the high-alkali coal in the coal as fired; the amount of coal charged may be adjusted to a smaller amount.
The coal quality on-line detection device obtains coal quality component data of coal as fired by using an energy laser detection method or a neutron activation detection method.
According to the method for controlling boiler contamination, the spectrum data of flame in the boiler and the coal quality component data of coal as fired are obtained in real time through the smoke on-line detection device arranged on the boiler and the coal quality on-line detection device arranged above the belt of the coal feeder, the spectrum data and the coal quality component data of the coal as fired are transmitted to the data analysis device for calculation, and the alkali metal content in the smoke of the boiler and the alkali metal content in the coal as fired are obtained in real time; the method can timely and accurately adjust the operation state of the boiler and timely reduce the content of the alkali metal in the boiler flue gas according to the content of the alkali metal in the boiler flue gas and the content of the alkali metal in the coal as fired, which are obtained in real time, so that the boiler flue gas is prevented from being seriously stained on a heating surface, and the safe and normal operation of a power plant unit is effectively ensured.
The system and method for controlling boiler fouling provided in the examples of the present application will be explained in conjunction with the detailed embodiments, it should be understood that the following embodiments are only an example and do not represent a limitation of the system and method for controlling boiler fouling provided in the examples of the present application.
A system for controlling boiler contamination is shown in FIG. 4, and comprises a boiler 101, a first combustor 1011, a second combustor 1012, a third combustor 1013, two on-line smoke detection devices 102, a data analysis device 103, an on-line coal quality detection device 104, a coal feeder 105 and a control unit 106; wherein, the first burner 1011, the second burner 1012 and the third burner 1013 are longitudinally arranged on the boiler 101, the distance from the first burner 1011 to the bottom of the boiler 101 < the distance from the second burner 1012 to the bottom of the boiler 101 < the distance from the third burner 1013 to the bottom of the boiler 101, the two on-line smoke detection devices 102 are both arranged above the third burner 1013, the on-line coal quality detection device 104 is arranged above a belt 1051 of a coal feeder 105, the coal feeder 105 is used for conveying coal as fired to the first burner 1011, the second burner 1012 and the third burner 1013 for combustion, the data analysis device 103 is used for calculating according to data detected by the two on-line smoke detection devices 102 and calculating according to data detected by the on-line coal quality detection device 104, and the control unit 106 is connected with the data analysis device 103, the coal feeder 105, a primary wind box (not shown in the figure) of the boiler 101 and a secondary wind box (not shown in the figure) of the boiler 101 Shown) for controlling at least one of the coal feeder, the primary air box of the boiler, and the secondary air box of the boiler according to the alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas and the alkali metal content in the coal as fired, which are calculated by the data analysis device 103.
Based on the system for controlling boiler contamination, the method for controlling boiler contamination comprises the following steps: taking a 660MW boiler burning Sinkiang high-alkali coal as an example, the coal quality online detection device 104 reads a group of coal quality component data of the coal as fired every 3 seconds, transmits the data to the data analysis device 103 through an optical fiber, and the data analysis device 103 calculates the content of alkali metal in the coal as fired according to the coal quality component data of the coal as fired. The two online smoke detection devices 102 read the spectrum data of the flames in a group of hearths every 3 seconds and transmit the data to the data analysis device 103, and the data analysis device 103 calculates the content of alkali metals in the boiler smoke according to the spectrum data. Calculating to obtain coal as firedThe content of alkali metal in the smoke is 6.8 percent and exceeds 50mg/m3The content of alkali metal in the smoke is controlled within a safe range of 50mg/m3In the interior, the control unit 106 controls the primary air box and the secondary air box, adjusts the proportion of the primary air and the secondary air, and controls the content of alkali metal in the flue gas to be 50mg/m3And (4) the following steps.
According to the method for controlling boiler contamination, the boiler is provided with the smoke online detection device, the coal quality online detection device is arranged above a coal feeder belt, spectrum data of flame in the boiler and coal quality component data of coal as fired are obtained in real time, the spectrum data and the coal quality component data of the coal as fired are transmitted to the data analysis device for calculation, and the content of alkali metal in smoke of the boiler and the content of alkali metal in the coal as fired are obtained in real time; therefore, the operation state of the boiler can be timely and accurately adjusted and the content of the alkali metal in the boiler flue gas can be timely and accurately reduced according to the content of the alkali metal in the boiler flue gas and the content of the alkali metal in the coal as fired, so that the boiler flue gas is prevented from being seriously contaminated on the heating surface, and the safe and normal operation of the power plant unit is effectively ensured.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A system for controlling boiler contamination, comprising an on-line flue gas detection device and a data analysis device;
the smoke on-line detection device is arranged on the boiler and used for acquiring spectral data of flame in the boiler and transmitting the spectral data to the data analysis device;
and the data analysis device is used for calculating the content of alkali metal in the boiler flue gas according to the spectral data.
2. The system of claim 1, further comprising an on-line coal quality detection device,
the coal quality online detection device is arranged above a belt of a coal feeder and used for acquiring coal quality and composition data of coal as fired on the belt of the coal feeder and transmitting the coal quality and composition data of the coal as fired to the data analysis device;
and the data analysis device is also used for calculating the content of alkali metal in the coal as fired according to the coal quality and composition data of the coal as fired.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the number of flue gas on-line detection devices is at least two.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the on-line flue gas detection device is disposed above a burner of the boiler.
5. The system of claim 2, further comprising a control unit connected to the data analysis device, the coal feeder, the primary windbox of the boiler, and the secondary windbox of the boiler, respectively; the control unit is used for controlling at least one of the coal feeder, the primary air box of the boiler and the secondary air box of the boiler according to the alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas and the alkali metal content in the coal as fired, which are obtained through calculation by the data analysis device.
6. A method for controlling boiler fouling using the system of any of claims 1-5, the method comprising:
acquiring spectral data of flame in the boiler through a smoke online detection device;
calculating the content of alkali metal in the boiler flue gas according to the spectral data;
and adjusting the operation state of the boiler based on the content of alkali metal in the boiler flue gas.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
acquiring coal quality and component data of coal as fired through a coal quality online detection device;
calculating the content of alkali metal in the coal as fired according to the coal quality component data of the coal as fired;
adjusting the operation state of the boiler based on the alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas, including:
and adjusting the operation state of the boiler based on the content of alkali metal in the boiler flue gas and the content of alkali metal in the coal as fired.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the adjusting the operating condition of the boiler based on the alkali metal content in the boiler flue gas and the alkali metal content in the coal as fired comprises:
if the content of alkali metals in the boiler flue gas is greater than or equal to a first preset threshold value, and the content of alkali metals in the coal as fired is greater than or equal to a second preset threshold value, adjusting the ratio of primary air to secondary air and the coal as fired;
if the content of alkali metals in the boiler flue gas is greater than or equal to the first preset threshold value and the content of alkali metals in the coal as fired is less than the second preset threshold value, adjusting the ratio of primary air to secondary air;
and if the content of alkali metal in the boiler flue gas is less than the first preset threshold value and the content of alkali metal in the coal as fired is greater than or equal to the second preset threshold value, adjusting the coal as fired.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the adjusting the ratio of the primary air to the secondary air is specifically to reduce the primary air ratio and increase the secondary air ratio; the adjusting of the coal as fired comprises: at least one of the fineness, the blending ratio and the input amount of the pulverized coal of the coal as fired is adjusted.
10. The method according to claim 7, wherein the coal quality on-line detection device acquires the coal quality component data of the coal as fired by using an energy laser detection method or a neutron activation detection method.
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