CN113088943A - Silver-plated fly ash composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Silver-plated fly ash composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113088943A CN113088943A CN202010018546.5A CN202010018546A CN113088943A CN 113088943 A CN113088943 A CN 113088943A CN 202010018546 A CN202010018546 A CN 202010018546A CN 113088943 A CN113088943 A CN 113088943A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/1851—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of surfaces of non-metallic or semiconducting in organic material
- C23C18/1872—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of surfaces of non-metallic or semiconducting in organic material by chemical pretreatment
- C23C18/1886—Multistep pretreatment
- C23C18/1893—Multistep pretreatment with use of organic or inorganic compounds other than metals, first
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/42—Coating with noble metals
- C23C18/44—Coating with noble metals using reducing agents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/14—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material
- H01B1/16—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
- H05K9/0073—Shielding materials
- H05K9/0081—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of silver-plated composite materials, in particular to a silver-plated fly ash composite material and a preparation method and application thereof. The silver-plated fly ash composite material comprises a fly ash core and a silver layer plated on the surface of the fly ash core, wherein the average particle size of the fly ash core is 1-50 mu m, preferably 10-40 mu m, and the thickness of the silver layer is more than 20 nm; preferably, the silver-plated fly ash composite material has the resistivity of not more than 10‑4Omega cm. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) performing surface alkali treatment on the first fly ash particles by using alkali liquor to obtain second fly ash particles; (2) contacting the second fly ash particles with a silanization reagent to carry out silane modification to obtain a fly ash inner core; (3) in the coal ash inner coreThe surface of (2) is plated with silver. The silver-plated fly ash composite material has a more uniform surface silver plating layer and has obviously lower resistivity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of silver-plated composite materials, in particular to a silver-plated fly ash composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The silver-plated composite material in the prior art is mostly realized by plating silver on the surfaces of glass beads, the particle size of the glass beads is generally larger, the resistivity is higher, and a silver plated layer is easy to peel off; the glass beads need modification treatment before silver plating, and the cost is high.
The fly ash is a solid waste produced by coal-fired industries such as coal-fired thermal power plants, and a large amount of unused fly ash depends on stacking disposal, thereby causing huge resource waste and environmental pressure. The reuse of fly ash is a problem to be solved.
With respect to the preparation of silver-plated composite materials using fly ash, there is currently no method for efficiently reducing the electrical resistivity of the composite materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of high resistivity and the like of silver-plated composite materials prepared by using fly ash in the prior art, and provides a silver-plated fly ash composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a silver-plated fly ash composite material, including a fly ash core and a silver layer plated on a surface of the fly ash core, wherein an average particle size of the fly ash core is 1-50 μm, preferably 10-40 μm, and a thickness of the silver layer is 20nm or more;
preferably, the silver-plated fly ash composite material has resistivityNot more than 10-4Ω·cm。
In a second aspect, the invention provides a method for preparing a silvered fly ash composite, the method comprising:
(1) performing surface alkali treatment on the first fly ash particles by using alkali liquor to obtain second fly ash particles;
(2) contacting the second fly ash particles with a silanization reagent to carry out silane modification to obtain a fly ash inner core;
(3) silver plating is carried out on the surface of the fly ash inner core.
In a third aspect, the invention provides the use of the silver-plated fly ash composite material according to the first aspect of the invention and/or the silver-plated fly ash composite material prepared by the method according to the second aspect of the invention in conductive fillers and electromagnetic shielding materials.
The silver-plated fly ash composite material provided by the invention has a more uniform surface silver layer and obviously lower resistivity, and the resistivity even reaches (8.4 +/-0.3) multiplied by 10-5Ω·cm。
The inventor of the invention finds that the synergistic effect can be realized by sequentially carrying out surface alkali treatment and silane modification on the fly ash, the obtained fly ash inner core is very beneficial to the silver plating step, the uniformity of a silver plated layer on the surface can be obviously improved, and the resistivity of the prepared silver plated fly ash composite material can be obviously reduced.
In addition, the fly ash core obtained by alkali washing-silane modification does not need a colloid palladium activation process, but can be used for preparing the silver-plated fly ash composite material by adopting a direct silver plating process, and the process is simple and harmless.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) photograph of silver-plated fly ash composite A1 described in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) photograph of silver-plated fly ash composite D1 described in comparative example 1.
FIG. 3 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) photograph of silver coated fly ash composite D2 described in comparative example 2.
FIG. 4 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) photograph of silver coated fly ash composite D3 described in comparative example 3.
Detailed Description
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
The invention provides a silver-plated fly ash composite material, which comprises a fly ash core and a silver layer plated on the surface of the fly ash core, wherein the average particle size of the fly ash core is 1-50 mu m, preferably 10-40 mu m, and the thickness of the silver layer is more than 20 nm;
preferably, the silver-plated fly ash composite material has the resistivity of not more than 10-4Ω·cm。
As used herein, average particle size refers to the particle size corresponding to the cumulative percent particle size distribution of the sample at 50%.
Preferably, the silver layer has a thickness of 50-300nm, which may be, for example, 200 nm.
According to the silver-plated fly ash composite material, preferably, the fly ash inner core is prepared by the following method:
(a) performing surface alkali treatment on the first fly ash particles by using alkali liquor to obtain second fly ash particles;
(b) and contacting the second fly ash particles with a silanization reagent to carry out silane modification to obtain the fly ash inner core.
More particularly, the surface alkali treatment is carried out on the first fly ash particles in an alkali solution with the concentration of 0.2-4mol/L to obtain second fly ash, and then the second fly ash particles are contacted with a silanization reagent (the mass ratio of the silanization reagent to the second fly ash particles is 1 (1-500)) to carry out silane modification to obtain a fly ash inner core.
The surface alkali treatment and the silane modification have synergistic effect, the obtained fly ash inner core is very beneficial to the silver plating step, the uniformity of the silver plated layer on the surface can be obviously improved, and the resistivity of the prepared silver plated fly ash composite material is obviously reduced.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a method for preparing a silvered fly ash composite, the method comprising:
(1) performing surface alkali treatment on the first fly ash particles by using alkali liquor to obtain second fly ash particles;
(2) contacting the second fly ash particles with a silanization reagent to carry out silane modification to obtain a fly ash inner core;
(3) silver plating is carried out on the surface of the fly ash inner core.
The fly ash used in accordance with the method of the present invention may be any solid waste produced in a plant or process. Preferably, the first fly ash particles have an average particle size of 1-50 μm, preferably 10-40 μm. In one embodiment, prior to use, the fly ash is subjected to classification-screening to obtain first fly ash particles within the above-described particle size range.
According to the method, in the step (1), the first fly ash particles are subjected to surface alkali treatment by using alkali liquor, and then are filtered to obtain second fly ash particles.
In a preferred embodiment, step (1) further comprises washing and drying treatment after the surface alkali treatment. Here, the washing and drying process may use a technical means commonly used in the art.
Preferably, the alkali liquor is an aqueous solution of alkali, preferably, the alkali in the alkali liquor is at least one selected from NaOH, KOH and ammonia water, more preferably, the concentration of the alkali in the alkali liquor is 0.05-5mol/L, and preferably 0.2-4 mol/L.
According to the method of the present invention, in step (1), preferably, the conditions of the surface alkali treatment include: the temperature is 5-45 ℃ and the time is 0.1-10 h; more preferably, the temperature is 15-35 ℃ and the time is 0.5-6 h.
According to the method, in the step (2), the second fly ash particles are contacted with a silanization reagent to carry out silane modification, and then the fly ash inner core is obtained through filtration.
According to the method of the present invention, the silylation reagent may be any silylation reagent commonly used in the art. In order to further improve the flatness of the silver-plated surface and further reduce the electrical resistivity of the composite material, preferably, the silylating agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of N- (β -aminoethyl) - γ -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, γ -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, and more preferably, the silylating agent is N- (β -aminoethyl) - γ -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane.
According to the method of the present invention, preferably, in the step (2), the mass ratio of the silylation agent to the second fly ash particles is 1: (1-1000), preferably 1: (1-500).
According to the method of the present invention, preferably, in the step (2), the contacting conditions include: the temperature is 20-90 ℃ and the time is 0.2-6 h; more preferably, the temperature is 30-80 ℃ and the time is 0.5-2.5 h.
In a preferred embodiment, the silane modification is carried out by contacting the silylating agent with the second fly ash particles in the presence of a solvent. In a preferred embodiment, the silane modification process does not require the addition of an alcohol (such as methanol or ethanol) to inhibit hydrolysis, but rather inhibits the hydrolysis reaction by controlling the concentration of the silane coupling agent, thereby avoiding the adverse effects of condensation reaction of the silane coupling agent. Preferably, the concentration of silylating agent in the overall system is 0.5 to 2 weight percent, where the concentration of silylating agent refers to the weight percent of silylating agent to solvent in the system. Preferably, the solvent used in the silane modification process includes, but is not limited to, water, acetone, and the like, and mixtures thereof.
In the method, more particularly, the first fly ash particles are subjected to surface alkali treatment in an alkali solution with the concentration of 0.2-4mol/L to obtain second fly ash; and then contacting the second fly ash particles with a silanization reagent (the mass ratio of the silanization reagent to the second fly ash particles is 1 (1-500)) to carry out silane modification, thereby obtaining the fly ash inner core.
The inventor of the invention finds that the synergistic effect can be realized by sequentially carrying out surface alkali treatment and silane modification on the fly ash, the obtained fly ash inner core is very beneficial to the silver plating step, the uniformity of a silver plated layer on the surface can be obviously improved, and the resistivity of the prepared silver plated fly ash composite material can be obviously reduced.
In a preferred embodiment, the step (2) further comprises washing and drying treatment after the silane modification. Here, the washing and drying process may use a technical means commonly used in the art.
According to the method of the present invention, in the step (3), the silver plating may be performed by a technique commonly used in the art. In order to ensure that the surface property of the silver plated layer is uniform, preferably, the silver plating is chemical silver plating, and more preferably, the chemical silver plating process comprises the following steps: and (3) contacting the fly ash inner core with a silver-ammonia solution and a formaldehyde solution.
In a preferred embodiment, the fly ash core is mixed with the silver ammonia solution prior to the addition of the formaldehyde solution. More preferably, the fly ash core is mixed with a silver ammonia solution (in AgNO)3Meter) is 1: (0.5-10), preferably 1: (1-6).
In a preferred embodiment, the silver ammonia solution (in AgNO)3Calculated) and formaldehyde solution (calculated as HCHO) in a molar ratio of 1: (0.1-8).
In a preferred embodiment, step (3) further comprises a washing and drying process after the electroless silver plating. Here, the washing and drying process may use a technical means commonly used in the art.
In a third aspect, the invention provides the application of the silver-plated fly ash composite material according to the first aspect and/or the silver-plated fly ash composite material prepared by the method according to the second aspect in conductive fillers and electromagnetic shielding materials.
The silver-plated fly ash composite material has a more uniform surface silver layer and obviously lower resistivity which even reaches (8.4 +/-0.3) multiplied by 10-5Omega cm. The resistivity and the film thickness of the silver-plated fly ash composite material are respectively measured by using a four-probe resistance tester and an embedding cutting technology.
The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples.
The fly ash used in the examples and comparative examples (i.e., the first fly ash particles) was the same batch of fly ash, and the composition was considered to be the same, with an average particle size of 13.8 μm.
The test methods referred to in the examples and comparative examples are as follows:
1. resistivity testing
Pressing a silver-plated fly ash composite material sample into a wafer with the thickness d being 1.6mm and the diameter R being 15 mm; and (3) placing the test wafer on a sample table of a four-probe resistance tester, regulating and controlling output current to obtain output voltage, and calculating the resistivity according to a formula rho of 4.53 multiplied by U/I multiplied by d.
2. Silver coating thickness test
Embedding the silver-plated fly ash composite material sample into resin by adopting an embedding cutting technology, cutting by using a diamond knife, and observing the uniformity and the thickness of a silver plating layer by using SEM.
Example 1
(1) Adding 100mL of NaOH solution (the concentration is 0.6mol/L) into first fly ash particles (the average particle size is 13.8 mu m) at a solid-liquid weight ratio of 1:4, stirring for 3 hours at 25 ℃, filtering, washing and drying to obtain second fly ash particles.
(2) Mixing 100mL of deionized water and 5g of second fly ash particles, stirring uniformly, heating to 40 ℃, adding 0.5g of silane coupling agent (N- (beta-aminoethyl) -gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, KH-792), continuously stirring for 1.5h, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the fly ash core, wherein the concentration of the silane coupling agent in the system is 0.5 wt%.
(3) Mixing the silver ammonia solution with the fly ash inner core, and then adding the formaldehyde solution (wherein, the silver ammonia solution (in AgNO)3In terms of HCHO) to formaldehyde solution (in terms of HCHO) in a molar ratio of 1: 8, the concentration of the fly ash inner core is 5g/L, and silver ammonia solution (AgNO is used as3Measured) is 15g/L), stirring for 30min at 25 ℃, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the silver-plated fly ash composite material A1.
Example 2
(1) Adding first fly ash particles (with the average particle size of 13.8 mu m) into NaOH solution (with the concentration of 1.2mol/L) at a solid-liquid weight ratio of 1:4, stirring for 3 hours at 15 ℃, filtering, washing and drying to obtain second fly ash particles.
(2) Mixing 100ml of deionized water and 5g of second fly ash particles, heating and stirring uniformly, adding 1g of silane coupling agent (N- (beta-aminoethyl) -gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, KH-792) when the temperature of the solution rises to 60 ℃, continuously stirring for 1.5h, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the fly ash core, wherein the concentration of the silane coupling agent in the system is 1 wt%.
(3) Mixing the silver ammonia solution with the fly ash inner core, and then adding the formaldehyde solution (wherein, the silver ammonia solution (in AgNO)3In terms of HCHO) to formaldehyde solution (in terms of HCHO) in a molar ratio of 1: 8, the concentration of the fly ash inner core is 5g/L, and silver ammonia solution (AgNO is used as3Measured) is 15g/L), stirring for 30min at 25 ℃, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the silver-plated powder-coal ash composite material A2.
Example 3
(1) Adding first fly ash particles (with the average particle size of 13.8 mu m) into a KOH solution (with the concentration of 2mol/L) at a solid-liquid weight ratio of 1:4, stirring for 3 hours at the temperature of 35 ℃, and filtering, washing and drying to obtain second fly ash particles.
(2) Mixing 100ml of deionized water and 5g of second fly ash particles, heating and stirring uniformly, adding 2g of silane coupling agent ((N- (beta-aminoethyl) -gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, KH-792) when the temperature of the solution rises to 80 ℃, continuously stirring for 1.5h, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the fly ash core, wherein the concentration of the silane coupling agent in the system is 2 wt%.
(3) Mixing the silver ammonia solution with the fly ash inner core, and then adding the formaldehyde solution (wherein, the silver ammonia solution (in AgNO)3In terms of HCHO) to formaldehyde solution (in terms of HCHO) in a molar ratio of 1: 8, the concentration of the fly ash inner core is 5g/L, and silver ammonia solution (AgNO is used as3Measured) is 15g/L), stirring for 30min at 25 ℃, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the silver-plated powder-coal ash composite material A3.
Example 4
A silver-plated fly ash composite material was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane was used as the silane coupling agent in the preparation of the silver-plated fly ash composite material in the same manner as in example 2. Finally obtaining the silver-plated fly ash composite material A4.
Example 5
A silver-plated fly ash composite material was produced in the same manner as in example 2, except that NaOH was used at a concentration of 0.1mol/L in the step (1). Finally obtaining the silver-plated fly ash composite material A5.
Example 6
A silver-plated fly ash composite material was produced in the same manner as in example 2, except that in the step (2), 4g of the silane coupling agent was used, that is, the concentration of the silane coupling agent in the system was 4% by weight, and the remainder was the same as in example 2. Finally obtaining the silver-plated fly ash composite material A6.
Comparative example 1
A silver-plated fly ash composite material was prepared in the same manner as in example 2, except that silver plating was directly performed on the surface of the second fly ash particles without performing step (2). Finally obtaining the silver-plated fly ash composite material D1.
Comparative example 2
A silvered fly ash composite was prepared as in example 2, except that, instead of performing step (1), the first fly ash particles were silane-modified as described in example 2, and the remainder was the same as in example 2. Finally obtaining the silver-plated fly ash composite material D2.
Comparative example 3
A silver-plated fly ash composite material was prepared according to the method of example 2, except that silver plating was performed directly on the surface of the first fly ash particles according to the method described in example 2 without performing steps (1) and (2). Finally obtaining the silver-plated fly ash composite material D3.
Test example
The silver-plated fly ash composite materials A1-A6 and D1-D3 are subjected to the resistivity and silver plating layer thickness tests respectively, and the test results are shown in Table 1. In addition, the surface morphology of the silver-plated fly ash composite materials A1, D1, D3 and D4 was also tested by SEM, and the results are shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 respectively. In table 1, the description of the uniformity of the plating layer is divided into three grades, i.e., "good", "normal", and "poor", respectively; for the repetitive description, three grades are classified, i.e., "good", "normal", and "bad", respectively. "free elemental silver" refers to the aggregate of silver particles that is present in a free form without coating the surface of the fly ash particles. The existence form of the silver particles and the uniformity of the plating layer can be visually seen through a scanning electron microscope.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1 and fig. 1 to 4, the silver-coated fly ash composite material provided by the present invention has significantly lower resistivity compared to comparative examples 1 to 3, and SEM photographs show that the silver-coated fly ash composite material of the present invention has significantly more uniform plating layer, almost no free elemental silver, and good repeatability of forming silver plating layer.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The composite material comprises a fly ash inner core and a silver layer plated on the surface of the fly ash inner core, wherein the average particle size of the fly ash inner core is 1-50 mu m, preferably 10-40 mu m, and the thickness of the silver layer is more than 20 nm;
preferably, the silver-plated fly ash composite material has the resistivity of not more than 10-4Ω·cm。
2. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the fly ash core is made by the method of:
(a) performing surface alkali treatment on the first fly ash particles by using alkali liquor to obtain second fly ash particles;
(b) and contacting the second fly ash particles with a silanization reagent to carry out silane modification to obtain the fly ash inner core.
3. A method of preparing a silvered fly ash composite, the method comprising:
(1) performing surface alkali treatment on the first fly ash particles by using alkali liquor to obtain second fly ash particles;
(2) contacting the second fly ash particles with a silanization reagent to carry out silane modification to obtain a fly ash inner core;
(3) silver plating is carried out on the surface of the fly ash inner core.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the silylating agent is selected from at least one of N- (β -aminoethyl) - γ -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane.
5. A method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the first fly ash particles have an average particle size of 1-50 μm, preferably 10-40 μm.
6. The method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein in step (1), the alkali in the lye is selected from at least one of NaOH, KOH and ammonia;
preferably, the concentration of the alkali liquor is 0.05-5 mol/L;
preferably, in step (1), the conditions of the surface alkali treatment include: the temperature is 5-45 ℃ and the time is 0.1-10 h; preferably, the temperature is 15-35 ℃ and the time is 0.5-6 h.
7. The method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein in step (2), the mass ratio of the silylating agent to the second fly ash particles is 1: (1-1000), preferably 1: (1-500).
8. The method of claim 3 or 4, wherein in step (2), the conditions of the contacting comprise: the temperature is 20-90 ℃ and the time is 0.2-6 h; preferably, the temperature is 30-80 ℃ and the time is 0.5-2.5 h.
9. The method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein, in the step (3), the silver plating process comprises: and (3) contacting the fly ash inner core with a silver-ammonia solution and a formaldehyde solution.
10. Use of the silver-plated fly ash composite material according to claim 1 or 2 and/or the silver-plated fly ash composite material prepared by the method according to any one of claims 3 to 9 in conductive fillers and electromagnetic shielding materials.
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| CN115101234A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-09-23 | 西安宏星电子浆料科技股份有限公司 | Resistor paste for high-reliability low-resistance chip resistor |
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