CN113088765A - Aluminum-based bearing alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum-based bearing alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113088765A CN113088765A CN202110310506.2A CN202110310506A CN113088765A CN 113088765 A CN113088765 A CN 113088765A CN 202110310506 A CN202110310506 A CN 202110310506A CN 113088765 A CN113088765 A CN 113088765A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/003—Alloys based on aluminium containing at least 2.6% of one or more of the elements: tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, and titanium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0408—Light metal alloys
- C22C1/0416—Aluminium-based alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of powder metallurgy, in particular to an aluminum-based bearing alloy and a preparation method thereof. The aluminum-based bearing alloy is prepared from aluminum-based alloy powder which comprises 12-20% of Sn, 2.0-5.0% of Si and/or 1.0-2.0% of Mg. Compared with the conventional aluminum-tin alloy, the density of the alloy prepared by the method, the hardness of the alloy and the compressive strength of the alloy are all obviously improved. The preparation process has the advantages of simple steps, low cost and low Sn loss.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of powder metallurgy, in particular to an aluminum-based bearing alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The Al-Sn alloy has the advantages of low cost, light weight, corrosion resistance, friction resistance and the like, is an excellent bearing alloy, and the medium tin-aluminum-tin alloy with more excellent performance has better application prospect. However, the Al-Sn alloy has large density and melting point difference and is not solid-soluble, so that the components of the finished alloy are not uniform and dense due to component segregation in the preparation process by using a fusion casting method, and the product performance is influenced. The powder metallurgy method has no liquid-liquid coexistence phenomenon in the manufacturing process, so that the influence of component segregation can be eliminated, and the performance of the Al-Sn alloy is improved. And the powder metallurgy method has simple process and short period and is suitable for the preparation and popularization of the aluminum-tin alloy.
However, the problem of difficult sintering exists when the powder metallurgy method is adopted to prepare the Al-Sn alloy, and the characteristic that Al is easy to oxidize causes a layer of compact oxide film on the surface of Al powder, so that the product performance is not influenced by the fact that sintering is not dense. Therefore, how to optimize the formula of the aluminum-tin alloy to obtain the aluminum-based bearing alloy with excellent performance is an urgent problem to be solved in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an aluminum-tin alloy with excellent performance, so that the aluminum-tin alloy has good wear resistance and higher compactness after being prepared by sintering through a powder method.
The alloy is aluminum-based alloy powder, and the alloy powder comprises Sn 12-20%, Si 2.0-5.0% and/or Mg 1.0-2.0%.
Research finds that Si and Mg are effective sintering activators for aluminum-tin alloys, and the addition of one or two of Si and Mg can improve the sintering activity of Al-based alloys, thereby strengthening the combination among particles and improving the bearing capacity and the fatigue strength of the alloys, but the addition of Si can also increase the hard and brittle phases of the alloys to reduce the wear resistance, so that the adjustment of the amount of Si within the range, Mg has a remarkable effect on damaging the oxide film on the surface of Al, thereby increasing the compactness of the alloys and improving the strength and the plasticity of the alloys, but the addition of Mg can also react with Sn in the alloys to generate Mg to form Mg2Sn, so that the Sn phase is separated out to leave a cavity to influence the compactness. Therefore, the ratio of Mg added is adjusted to fall within the above range.
Preferably, the alloy powder comprises 12% of Sn, 4% -5% of Si, 1.0% -2.0% of Mg1, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
Preferably, the alloy powder comprises 12% of Sn, 4% of Si, 1% of Mg and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
Preferably, the grain diameter of the alloy powder is 65-75 um.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the alloy, which comprises the following steps:
1) uniformly mixing Al, Sn, Si and Mg powder, and pressing and molding under the pressure of 300-350 Mpa;
2) will pressThe prepared material is put into a tube furnace, and N is introduced2Heating to 200-250 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-10 ℃/min for 0.8-1.2 h as a protective atmosphere, continuously heating to 550-600 ℃ at a constant heating rate, keeping the temperature for 0.8-1.2 h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the Al-Sn bearing alloy.
Preferably, the step 2) is heated to 240-250 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-6 ℃/min and is kept warm for 1h, and the temperature is continuously raised to 580-600 ℃ at a constant rate and is kept warm for 1h and is naturally cooled to the room temperature.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, Si and Mg are added into the Al-Sn alloy, the sintering activity of Al powder is improved by utilizing the effect of the Mg on breaking an oxide film, the bonding strength among powder particles can be enhanced by adding the Si, and the alloy strength is improved, so that the bearing alloy with excellent wear resistance is obtained. Compared with the conventional aluminum-tin alloy, the density of the alloy prepared by the invention is obviously improved to 95-96.2%, and the hardness and the compressive strength of the alloy respectively reach: 40 to 46hv and 190 to 203 MPa. The preparation process disclosed by the invention is simple in steps and low in cost, the wettability between Al and Sn is improved due to the addition of Mg and Si, Sn can be better contacted with Al in the sintering process, so that the precipitation of Sn is reduced, the loss of Sn in the alloy preparation process is reduced, and the alloy compactness and mechanical property are high.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The materials of the embodiment of the invention comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 12% of Sn, 4% of Si, 1% of Mg and the balance of Al, and the grain diameter of the alloy powder is about 70 um.
The alloy is prepared by the following process steps:
(1) preparing a green body: powders of 12% Sn, 4% Si, 1% Mg and 83% Al in weight ratio are used as raw materials and are put into a mixer to be mixed for 15min, and uniform mixed powder is obtained. The material is uniaxially pressed to form 25mm by 20mm cylinders under a pressure of 350 MPa.
(2) Powder sintering: placing the green body into a tube furnace, and introducing 1L/min N2Heating to 250 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min and preserving heat for 1h as protective atmosphere, continuously heating to 600 ℃ at a constant rate, preserving heat for 1h and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the Al-Sn bearing alloy. The density and properties are shown in table 1.
Example 2
The materials of the embodiment of the invention comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 12% of Sn, 5% of Si, 1% of Mg and the balance of Al. The grain diameter of the alloy powder is about 70 um.
The alloy is prepared by the following process steps:
(1) preparing a green body: powders of 12% Sn, 5% Si, 1% Mg and 82% Al in weight ratio are used as raw materials and put into a mixer to be mixed for 15min, and uniform mixed powder is obtained. The material is uniaxially pressed to form 25mm by 20mm cylinders under a pressure of 350 MPa.
(2) Powder sintering: placing the green body into a tube furnace, and introducing 1L/min N2Heating to 250 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min and preserving heat for 1h as protective atmosphere, continuously heating to 600 ℃ at a constant rate, preserving heat for 1h and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the Al-Sn bearing alloy. The density and properties are shown in table 1.
Example 3
The materials of the embodiment of the invention comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 12% of Sn, 4% of Si, 2% of Mg and the balance of Al. The grain diameter of the alloy powder is about 70 um.
The alloy is prepared by the following process steps:
(1) preparing a green body: powders of 12% Sn, 4% Si, 2% Mg and 82% Al in weight ratio are used as raw materials and put into a mixer to be mixed for 15min, and uniform mixed powder is obtained. The material is uniaxially pressed to form 25mm by 20mm cylinders under a pressure of 350 MPa.
(2) Powder sintering: placing the green body into a tube furnace, and introducing 1L/min N2Heating to 250 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min and preserving heat for 1h as protective atmosphere, continuously heating to 600 ℃ at a constant rate, preserving heat for 1h and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the Al-Sn bearing alloy. It is composed ofThe density and properties are shown in table 1.
Example 4
The alloy is prepared according to the alloy composition of the embodiment 1 by adopting the following process steps:
(1) a green body was prepared according to example 1, step 1;
(2) powder sintering: placing the green body into a tube furnace, and introducing 1L/min N2Heating to 200 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min and preserving heat for 1h as protective atmosphere, continuously heating to 600 ℃ at a constant rate, preserving heat for 1h and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the Al-Sn bearing alloy. The density and properties are shown in table 1.
Example 5
The alloy is prepared according to the alloy composition of the embodiment 1 by adopting the following process steps:
(1) preparation of a Green body according to example 1, step 1
(2) Powder sintering: placing the green body into a tube furnace, and introducing 1L/min N2Heating to 250 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min and preserving heat for 1h as protective atmosphere, continuously heating to 600 ℃ at a constant rate, preserving heat for 1h and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the Al-Sn bearing alloy. The density and properties are shown in table 1.
Example 6
The materials of the embodiment of the invention comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 12% of Sn, 4% of Si and the balance of Al.
The alloy is prepared by the following process steps:
(1) preparing a green body: powder of 12% Sn, 4% Si and 84% Al in weight ratio is used as raw materials and is put into a mixer to be mixed for 15min, and uniform mixed powder is obtained. The material is uniaxially pressed to form 25mm by 20mm cylinders under a pressure of 350 MPa.
(2) Powder sintering: placing the green body into a tube furnace, and introducing 1L/min N2Heating to 250 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min and preserving heat for 1h as protective atmosphere, continuously heating to 600 ℃ at a constant rate, preserving heat for 1h and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the Al-Sn bearing alloy. The density and properties are shown in table 1.
Example 7
The materials of the embodiment of the invention comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 12% of Sn, 1% of Mg and the balance of Al.
The alloy is prepared by the following process steps:
(1) preparing a green body: powder of 12% Sn, 1% Mg and 87% Al in weight ratio is used as raw materials and is put into a mixer to be mixed for 15min, and uniform mixed powder is obtained. The material is uniaxially pressed to form 25mm by 20mm cylinders under a pressure of 350 MPa.
(2) Powder sintering: placing the green body into a tube furnace, and introducing 1L/min N2Heating to 250 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min and preserving heat for 1h as protective atmosphere, continuously heating to 600 ℃ at a constant rate, preserving heat for 1h and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the Al-Sn bearing alloy.
The density and properties are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 12% Sn, 88% Al. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a green body: powder of 12% Sn and 88% Al in weight ratio is used as raw material, and is put into a mixer to be mixed for 15min, so that uniform mixed powder is obtained. The material is uniaxially pressed to form 25mm by 20mm cylinders under a pressure of 350 MPa.
(2) Powder sintering: placing the green body into a tube furnace, and introducing 1L/min N2Heating to 250 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min and preserving heat for 1h as protective atmosphere, continuously heating to 600 ℃ at a constant rate, preserving heat for 1h and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the Al-Sn bearing alloy.
The density and properties are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 compactness and performance of examples and comparative examples of the invention
From the above, it is understood that addition of Mg or Si alone may improve the performance of the alloy to some extent, but the performance is not as excellent as addition of Mg or Si at the same time.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove by way of general description, specific embodiments and experiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications and improvements can be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (6)
1. The aluminum-based bearing alloy is characterized in that the alloy is aluminum-based alloy powder, and the alloy powder comprises 12-20% of Sn, 2.0-5.0% of Si and/or 1.0-2.0% of Mg.
2. The alloy of claim 1, wherein the alloy powder comprises 12% Sn, 4% to 5% Si, 1.0% to 2.0% Mg, and the balance Al and unavoidable impurities.
3. The alloy of claim 1, wherein the alloy powder comprises 12% Sn, 4% Si, 1% Mg, and the balance Al and unavoidable impurities.
4. The alloy of claim 1, wherein the alloy powder has a particle size of 65 to 75 um.
5. A method for preparing an alloy as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
1) uniformly mixing Al, Sn, Si and Mg powder, and pressing and molding under the pressure of 300-350 Mpa;
2) putting the pressed material into a tube furnace, and introducing N2Heating to 200-250 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-10 ℃/min for 0.8-1.2 h as a protective atmosphere, continuously heating to 550-600 ℃ at a constant heating rate, keeping the temperature for 0.8-1.2 h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the Al-Sn bearing alloy.
6. The preparation method of the alloy according to claim 5, wherein the step 2) is heating to 240-250 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-6 ℃/min and keeping the temperature for 1h, and the temperature is continuously raised to 580-600 ℃ at the constant heating rate and kept for 1h and then naturally cooled to room temperature.
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| CN202110310506.2A CN113088765A (en) | 2021-03-23 | 2021-03-23 | Aluminum-based bearing alloy and preparation method thereof |
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| CN202110310506.2A CN113088765A (en) | 2021-03-23 | 2021-03-23 | Aluminum-based bearing alloy and preparation method thereof |
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2067219A (en) * | 1980-01-08 | 1981-07-22 | Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd | Aluminium-tin base bearing alloys |
| US4471029A (en) * | 1981-10-15 | 1984-09-11 | Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Al-Si-Sn Bearing Alloy and bearing composite |
| CN102586656A (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2012-07-18 | 华南理工大学 | Preparation method for aluminum tin magnesium base alloy |
| CN102703769A (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2012-10-03 | 华南理工大学 | Method for producing nano Al-Sn-Si bearing alloy |
| CN102869800A (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2013-01-09 | 大丰工业株式会社 | Bearing device |
| CN106399732A (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2017-02-15 | 华南理工大学 | Method for preparing Al-Sn based bearing bush alloy by powder sintering |
| CN112522548A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-03-19 | 北京工业大学 | Wear-resistant Mg-containing aluminum-tin bearing bush alloy |
-
2021
- 2021-03-23 CN CN202110310506.2A patent/CN113088765A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2067219A (en) * | 1980-01-08 | 1981-07-22 | Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd | Aluminium-tin base bearing alloys |
| US4471029A (en) * | 1981-10-15 | 1984-09-11 | Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Al-Si-Sn Bearing Alloy and bearing composite |
| CN102869800A (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2013-01-09 | 大丰工业株式会社 | Bearing device |
| CN102586656A (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2012-07-18 | 华南理工大学 | Preparation method for aluminum tin magnesium base alloy |
| CN102703769A (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2012-10-03 | 华南理工大学 | Method for producing nano Al-Sn-Si bearing alloy |
| CN106399732A (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2017-02-15 | 华南理工大学 | Method for preparing Al-Sn based bearing bush alloy by powder sintering |
| CN112522548A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-03-19 | 北京工业大学 | Wear-resistant Mg-containing aluminum-tin bearing bush alloy |
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