CN113085530A - 一种多模式混合动力传动装置以包含该装置的车辆 - Google Patents

一种多模式混合动力传动装置以包含该装置的车辆 Download PDF

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CN113085530A
CN113085530A CN202110480334.3A CN202110480334A CN113085530A CN 113085530 A CN113085530 A CN 113085530A CN 202110480334 A CN202110480334 A CN 202110480334A CN 113085530 A CN113085530 A CN 113085530A
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shaft
gear
power source
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戴振坤
石刚
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Lvchuan Beijing Automotive Technology Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48Parallel type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种混合动力传动装置,包括:第一轴,能够接收来自第一动力源的动力;第二轴,能够接收来自第二动力源和第三动力源的动力;第三轴,与所述第一轴和所述第二轴平行,并能够接收来自第二轴的动力;多个齿轮,分布在第一轴、第二轴和第三轴上;第二轴切换元件,设置在第二轴上,用于改变第二轴上的齿轮与第二轴的连接状态;所述第一动力源的动力输出路径经过位于所述第一轴上的齿轮、所述第二轴上的齿轮以及所述第三轴上的齿轮。根据本发明的结构布置,作为主驱动电机的一个电机的动力传递路线在传递至车轮时,复用了内燃机的传动路线,因此可以减少零件的数量,从而减小体积并降低成本。

Description

一种多模式混合动力传动装置以包含该装置的车辆
技术领域
本发明属于车辆领域,具体涉及一种多模式混合动力传动装置以包含该装置的车辆。
背景技术
随着化石燃料能源的日益减少以及各国排放法规不断变得严格,使用清洁能源来驱动汽车的技术已经开始大规模应用。根据能量来源的不同,在传统的燃油汽车之外,可以将新能源车辆分为纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车以及燃料电池汽车。在实际的应用中,我国大规模推行的是纯电动汽车,虽然目前的标称续航里程已经可以达到五六百千米,但是受到电池成本偏高、充电站数量少、充电速度慢等因素的制约,纯电动汽车仍然存在续航里程不足、电池性能下降快等问题,因此纯电动汽车的使用场景受到限制。一些观点认为,燃料电池汽车是汽车的最终动力形式,且目前丰田等汽车公司已经有相关的产品推向市场,且最近一段时间氢能源汽车的热度也开始上升,制氢站等配套措施也在稳定推进,但是整体而言燃料电池汽车仍然存在诸多的待解决的问题。
混合动力汽车的研究及市场化从上世纪90年代就已经开始。虽然在前几年混合动力车辆一直被认为是一个过渡产品而在国内受到的重视程度不足,但是由于电池技术未取得突破而混合动力具备长续航、耗油低的特点,目前在国内混合动力汽车的研究逐渐受到了重视。混合动力***包括多种形式,最常见的是内燃机+双电机形式。
当前双电机混合动力***主要包括两种,一种是功率分流式,一种是串并联式。其中串并联式混合动力***由于结构简单可靠,生产制造难度低,工作模式灵活等优点,成为首先的混合动力***结构。
目前主流的串并联式混合动力***具有如下缺点:
1、一般只给驱动电机分配一个挡位(传动比),造成汽车的驱动能力和最高车速两者不可兼顾;
2、驱动电机的动力传递路径与其他驱动元件的动力传递路径独立,由此需要为驱动电机设置至少两级减速,才能获得理想的速比;
3、驱动电机与输出轴之间无脱开装置,车辆倒拖滑行时驱动电机无法脱开产生倒拖损失;
4、纯内燃机驱动模式(燃油模式)只有1个或2个挡位,内燃机高效工作区间不能获得良好的匹配,限制了内燃机工作时间。
发明内容
为了至少在一定程度上解决上述问题中的至少一个,本发明提出以下技术方案:
一种混合动力传动装置,包括:
第一轴,能够接收来自第一动力源的动力;
第二轴,能够接收来自第二动力源和第三动力源的动力;
第三轴,与所述第一轴和所述第二轴平行,并能够接收来自第二轴的动力;
多个齿轮,分布在第一轴、第二轴和第三轴上;
第二轴切换元件,设置在第二轴上,用于改变第二轴上的齿轮与第二轴的连接状态;
所述第一动力源的动力输出路径经过位于所述第一轴上的齿轮、所述第二轴上的齿轮以及所述第三轴上的齿轮。
进一步地,本发明的混合动力传动装置还可以单独地包含以下技术特征,或者包含以下技术特征的组合:
第一轴与第一动力源直接连接,或者通过定轴轮系、行星轮系连接;和/或
第二轴与第三动力源直接连接,或者通过定轴轮系、行星轮系连接;和/或
第二轴设有与第二动力源连接的机械连接接口;
第三轴上设置有输出齿轮,该输出齿轮与第三轴固定连接;
第二轴上设置有能够相对于第二轴自由转动的第二轴第一齿轮和第二轴第二齿轮;
所述第二轴第一齿轮采用双联齿轮或者单个齿轮的形式;
第一轴上设置有一个齿轮,该齿轮与第二轴第一齿轮或第二轴第二齿轮常啮合;
第一轴上设置有第一轴第一齿轮和第一轴第二齿轮,分别与第二轴第一齿轮、第二轴第二齿轮常啮合;
所述第一轴上还设置有第一轴切换元件;和/或
第一轴切换元件为一个同步器,设置在第一轴第一齿轮和第二轴第二齿轮之间;或者
第一轴切换元件为两个片式离合器或电磁离合器,分别与第一轴第一齿轮和第一轴第二齿轮连接;或者第一轴切换元件为一个狗牙离合器,设置在第一轴第一齿轮和第二轴第一齿轮之间;
第二轴第一齿轮和第三轴第一齿轮常啮合,第二轴第二齿轮和第三轴第二齿轮常啮合;
第二轴切换元件为一个同步器,设置在第二轴第一齿轮和第二轴第二齿轮之间;或者
第二轴切换元件为两个片式离合器或电磁离合器,分别与第二轴第一齿轮和第二轴第二齿轮连接;或者第二轴切换元件为一个狗牙离合器,设置在第二轴第一齿轮和第二轴第二齿轮之间。
根据本发明的结构布置,作为主驱动电机的一个电机的动力传递路线在传递至车轮时,复用了内燃机的传动路线,因此可以减少零件的数量,从而减小体积并降低成本。
进一步地,还可以在与主驱动电机相连的轴上设置多个齿轮,从而可以为主驱动电机配备多个挡位。由此能够在为主驱动电机提供多个挡位的同时仍然复用内燃机的多个挡位。
本发明还提出了一种车辆及运行车辆的方法,车辆包括三个动力源,并根据车速、驾驶员功率需求以及电池SOC对第一动力源、第二动力源和第三动力源以及切换元件进行控制,使得车辆以多个电动挡位、燃油挡位以及并联挡位和串联挡位之一行驶。
由此,本发明具有以下技术效果:
1、纯电驱动有2个挡位,1挡大速比可以使汽车驱动能力更强;2挡小速比可以使汽车最高车速更高,或同等车速下降低电机转速,提高电机的效率和寿命。
2、以最少的零件实现了纯内燃机驱动模式2个挡位,可以拓宽内燃机单独驱动的工作范围。
3、2个电动挡位的传动路线复用了纯内燃机驱动模式的2个挡位,由此利用了内燃机的动力传递路线,零件复用率高,减少了齿轮的数量,结构更紧凑,成本更低。
4、并联模式有4个挡位,能够更好的调节混动模式下内燃机的工作点和电机的工作点,提高***工作效率。
在阅读完结合附图所进行的本发明的技术方案的详细描述之后,本发明的其他优点将会更加容易理解。
附图说明
图1示出了本发明的一个实施例的示意性结构图;
图2示出了本发明的另一实施例的示意性结构图;
图3示出了本发明的另一实施例的示意性结构图;
图4示出了本发明的另一实施例的示意性结构图;
图5示出了本发明的另一实施例的示意性结构图。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是,虽然附图以及在下述的描述中将本发明分为多个实施例进行描述,但是本领域技术人员理解,在不冲突的情况下,本申请中的各个实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
参见图1,本发明的车辆包含多模式混合动力传动装置。具体地,混合动力***包括三根平行设置的轴,分别是I轴、II轴、III轴,其中II轴用于接收来自内燃机(图中未示出)和电机EM1的的动力。内燃机可以通过离合和减震装置与II轴连接,内燃机及其离合和减震装置可以采用现有技术中已知的形式。I轴可以用来接收来自电机EM2的动力,III轴则作为输出轴。
作为特定的实施例,II轴的左侧通过离合和减震装置与内燃机连接,从而能够接收来自内燃机的动力,II轴的右侧与电机EM1连接,从而接收来自电机EM1的动力。电机EM1与II轴的连接方式可以采用直接连接的方式,即电机EM1的输出轴直接与II轴连接(参见图5),也可以通过一个齿轮副连接(图1-4中示出了这种结构),即电机EM1的输出轴与齿轮Ge1直接连接,而齿轮Ge1与II轴上的齿轮Ge2连接,由此电机EM1的动力通过齿轮Ge1和齿轮Ge2组成的齿轮副来传递至II轴。作为其他可行的实施例,电机EM1也可以通过行星轮系与II轴连接。电机EM1可以作为动力源,从而将电池中的电能转化为动能,从而驱动车辆行驶,也可以作为发电机工作,接收来自内燃机的动能,或者在车辆的滑行或者制动过程中接收动能,并将动能转化为电能。
在II轴上还设置有齿轮以及切换元件GSC。图1中示出了包含齿轮G5和G3的双联齿轮以及切换元件C1。切换元件C1可以选用片式离合器的形式或者电磁离合器的形式。
在图2中示出了一个包含齿轮G5和G3的双联齿轮以及齿轮G4。齿轮G5和G3组成的双联齿轮通过轴承空套设置在II轴上,齿轮G4也通过轴承空套设置在II轴上,切换元件GSC设置在双联齿轮和齿轮G4的中间。
切换元件GSC可以采用同步器,包括三个转动部件,分别是与双联齿轮固定连接的第一转动元件、与齿轮G4固定连接的第二转动元件、与II轴固定连接的第三转动元件。通过电机控制或液压控制或气动控制可以实现第一转动元件与第三转动元件的接合与分离;或第二转动元件与第三转动元件的接合与分离;或第一转动元件与第二转动元件与第三转动元件三者互相独立,从而相应地实现双联齿轮与II轴的连接与分离、齿轮G4与II轴的连接与分离、双联齿轮/齿轮G4与II轴互相独立三种状态。
切换元件GSC优选为同步器,也可以是狗牙离合器,片式离合器,电磁离合器等。
作为本发明的主要改进点之一,由图1中可以看出,作为主驱动电机的电机EM2与I轴相连,其上设置有齿轮G1。当电机EM2工作时,其动力通过齿轮G1传递到II轴上的齿轮,然后传递到III轴上行的齿轮,最后通过III轴上的输出齿轮将动力输出,例如输出至车辆的差速器Df。
一般而言,作为主驱动电机的电机EM2的转速最高可以达到16000rpm,因此需要为其设置高达例如12的速比,要实现这样的速比一般需要设置两级齿轮传动来实现,这无疑增加了零件个数和所占用的体积。根据本发明,通过将主驱动电机设置在内燃机动力传递路径之前,因而可以利用内燃机动力传递路径,从而无需再单独为主驱动电机设置多级减速级。例如,一般而言,内燃机的转速范围在750-6000rmp之间,如果为内燃机的动力传递路径所配备的速比在3-5,那么再单独为主驱动电机设置一个速比在2-3的减速级即可。这在实现相同的速比需求的前提下,减少了零件的数量且相应地减小了整个装置的体积以及成本。
图1中,I轴上设置有齿轮G1,该齿轮与II轴上的一个齿轮啮合。为了获得不同的速比,可以如图3那样对图1进行改进,即在I轴上设置齿轮G2。
作为进一步的改进,可以获得图4或图5所示的结构,即,在I轴上设置两个空套齿轮,并为这两个空套齿轮设置切换元件,从而改变这两个空套齿轮与I轴的连接状态,由此可以使电机EM2的动力可以沿两条不同的路径传递。
具体地,I轴上设置有齿轮G1和齿轮G2。齿轮G1与双联齿轮中的齿轮G3常啮合,齿轮G2则与齿轮G4常啮合。I轴的一端与电机EM2连接。同样地,EM2与I轴的连接方式可以是直接连接,也可以通过一对定轴齿轮连接,也可以通过行星排连接,也可以通过一套切换装置选择性连接或脱开。优选的EM2与I轴直接连接。电机EM2可以作为动力源,从而将电池中的电能转化为动能,从而驱动车辆行驶,也可以作为发电机工作,在车辆的滑行或者制动过程中接收动能,并将动能转化为电能。
切换元件MSC优选为同步器,也可以是狗牙离合器,片式离合器,电磁离合器等。切换元件MSC设置在齿轮G1和齿轮G2的中间。齿轮G1和齿轮G2均通过轴承空套设置在I轴上。MSC的结构与GSC的结构类似,同样包括三个转动元件,分别是与齿轮G1固定连接的第一转动元件、与齿轮G2固定连接的第二转动元件、与I轴固定连接的第三转动元件,并且通过电机控制或液压控制或气动控制可以实现第一转动元件与第三转动元件的接合与分离;或第二转动元件与第三转动元件的接合与分离;或第一转动元件与第二转动元件与第三转动元件三者互相独立,从而实现齿轮G1与I轴连接与分离、G2与I轴连接与分离、G1/G与I轴互相独立三种连接状态。
当采用图4或图5中的方案时,不仅能够为电机EM2提供两个挡位,从而更好地满足车辆的行驶需求,还可以在电EM2不工作的时候可以与I轴脱开,减少不必要的能量损失。
III轴上设置有齿轮G6和齿轮G7,这两个齿轮都与III轴固定连接。在III轴上设置还设置有输出齿轮G8,该齿轮G8与差速器Df的输入齿轮G9啮合,从而将内燃机或电机EM1、电机EM2的动力输出至差速器Df,进而带动车辆行驶。
在上述实施例中,虽然均采用了由齿轮G3和齿轮G5组成的双联齿轮的形式,但是该双联齿轮可以由一个齿轮形成,只要其传动比满足需求即可。
以上已经对本发明的混合动力***的结构做了具体的说明。
下面基于图4或图5所示的具体结构结合表1来对其工作方式进行说明。
表1工作模式:
Figure BDA0003048981150000071
如表1所示,根据动力源以及切换元件的位置,本发明的车辆可以具有11种工作模式。
只有电机EM2工作时,GSC处于中位空挡位置,根据MSC的位置,可以实现如下的两挡电动路线:
电动1挡:切换装置MSC将I轴与G1连接在一起,切换装置GSC保持中位空挡状态,I轴-G1-G3-G5-G6-G8-G9-Df形成电动1挡传动路线;
电动2挡:切换装置MSC将I轴与G2连接在一起,切换装置GSC保持中位空挡状态,I轴-G2-G4-G7-G8-G9-Df形成电动2挡传动路线。
当车辆起步或者在市区内以较低速度行驶时,可以使用两个电动挡位。电机EM2的功率可以通过电动1挡传动路线输出到车轮,也可以通过电动2挡传动路线输出到车轮,驱动车辆行驶。车辆减速功率可以通过电动1挡传动路线,也可以通过电动2挡传动路线反馈回电机EM2。
当只有内燃机工作时,MSC处于中位空挡位置,根据GSC的位置,可以实现如下的两挡路线:
燃油1挡:切换装置GSC将II轴与G5连接在一起,切换装置MSC保持中位空挡状态,II轴-G5-G6-G8-G9-Df形成燃油1挡传动路线;
燃油2挡:切换装置GSC将II轴与G4连接在一起,切换装置MSC保持中位空挡状态,II轴-G4-G7-G8-G9-Df形成燃油2挡传动路线;
发动机的功率可以通过燃油1挡传动路线输出到车轮,也可以通过燃油2挡传动路线输出到车轮,驱动车辆行驶。车辆减速功率可以通过燃油1挡传动路线,也可以通过燃油2挡传动路线反馈回电机EM1,或反馈回发动机实现发动机辅助制动。两个燃油挡位适用于车辆在市郊等相对而言不拥堵的路段或者高速行驶的工况。
当内燃机以及电机EM1和电机EM2均工作时,根据GSM与MSC的位置,可以实现4个并联挡位:
并联1挡:切换装置MSC将I轴与G1连接在一起,切换装置GSC将II轴与G5连接在一起,电机EM2通过电动1挡,发动机和电机EM1的组合通过燃油1挡同时驱动车辆行驶。或车辆减速功率反馈回电机EM2、电机EM1,或反馈回发动机实现发动机辅助制动。
并联2挡:切换装置MSC将I轴与G1连接在一起,切换装置GSC将II轴与G4连接在一起,电机EM2通过电动1挡,发动机和电机EM1的组合通过燃油2挡同时驱动车辆行驶。或车辆减速功率反馈回电机EM2、电机EM1,或反馈回发动机实现发动机辅助制动。
并联3挡:切换装置MSC将I轴与G2连接在一起,切换装置GSC将II轴与G5连接在一起,电机EM2通过电动2挡,发动机和电机EM1的组合通过燃油1挡同时驱动车辆行驶。或车辆减速功率反馈回电机EM2、电机EM1,或反馈回发动机实现发动机辅助制动。
并联4挡:切换装置MSC将I轴与G2连接在一起,切换装置GSC将II轴与G4连接在一起,电机EM2通过电动2挡,发动机和电机EM1的组合通过燃油1挡同时驱动车辆行驶。或车辆减速功率反馈回电机EM2、电机EM1,或反馈回发动机实现发动机辅助制动。
当车辆需要更大的扭矩时,例如在山路或其他坡度较大的路上行驶或者在需要较大加速度的情况下,可以使用4个并联挡位。
串联1挡:切换装置MSC将II轴与G1连接在一起,切换装置GSC保持中位空挡状态,电机EM2以电动1挡模式工作。由于I轴相对II轴可以独立转动,此时发动机通过I轴驱动电机EM1发电,EM1发电产生的电能可以补充电池电量。
串联2挡:切换装置MSC将II轴与G2连接在一起,切换装置GSC保持中位空挡状态,电机EM2以电动2挡模式工作。由于I轴相对II轴可以独立转动,此时发动机通过I轴驱动电机EM1发电,EM1发电产生的电能可以补充电池电量。
这两个挡位适用于电池的SOC较低时,在车辆运行过程中为电池充电。
停车发电:车辆静止,切换装置GSC保持中位空挡状态,切换装置MSC保持中位空挡状态。差速装置Df停止转动。发动机通过I轴驱动电机EM1发电,EM1发电产生的电能可以补充电池电量。
以上已经对本发明的各个实施例的结构进行了详细的说明,同时对本发明的工作模式进行了说明。任何熟悉本领域的技术人员,在不脱离本发明技术方案范围情况下,都可利用上述所述技术内容对本发明技术方案做出许多可能的变动和修饰,或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。因此,凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容,依据本发明的技术对以上实施例所做的任何改动修改、等同变化及修饰,均属于本技术方案的保护范围。

Claims (11)

1.一种混合动力传动装置,包括:
第一轴,能够接收来自第一动力源的动力;
第二轴,能够接收来自第二动力源和第三动力源的动力;
第三轴,与所述第一轴和所述第二轴平行,并能够接收来自第二轴的动力;
多个齿轮,分布在第一轴、第二轴和第三轴上;
第二轴切换元件,设置在第二轴上,用于改变第二轴上的齿轮与第二轴的连接状态;其特征在于,
所述第一动力源的动力输出路径经过位于所述第一轴上的齿轮、所述第二轴上的齿轮以及所述第三轴上的齿轮。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力传动装置,其特征在于,
第一轴与第一动力源直接连接,或者通过定轴轮系、行星轮系连接;和/或
第二轴与第三动力源直接连接,或者通过定轴轮系、行星轮系连接;和/或
第二轴设有与第二动力源连接的机械连接接口。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合动力传动装置,其特征在于,
第三轴上设置有输出齿轮,该输出齿轮与第三轴固定连接。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的混合动力传动装置,其特征在于,
第二轴上设置有能够相对于第二轴自由转动的第二轴第一齿轮和第二轴第二齿轮。
5.根据权利要求4中所述的混合动力传动装置,其特征在于,所述第二轴第一齿轮采用双联齿轮或者单个齿轮的形式。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的混合动力传动装置,其特征在于,
第一轴上设置有一个齿轮,该齿轮与第二轴第一齿轮或第二轴第二齿轮常啮合。
7.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的混合动力传动装置,其特征在于,
第一轴上设置有第一轴第一齿轮和第一轴第二齿轮,分别与第二轴第一齿轮、第二轴第二齿轮常啮合;
所述第一轴上还设置有第一轴切换元件;和/或
第一轴切换元件为一个同步器,设置在第一轴第一齿轮和第二轴第二齿轮之间;或者
第一轴切换元件为两个片式离合器或电磁离合器,分别与第一轴第一齿轮和第一轴第二齿轮连接;或者第一轴切换元件为一个狗牙离合器,设置在第一轴第一齿轮和第二轴第一齿轮之间。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的混合动力传动装置,其特征在于,
第二轴第一齿轮和第三轴第一齿轮常啮合,第二轴第二齿轮和第三轴第二齿轮常啮合。
9.根据权利要求4-8中任一项所述的混合动力传动装置,其特征在于,
第二轴切换元件为一个同步器,设置在第二轴第一齿轮和第二轴第二齿轮之间;或者
第二轴切换元件为两个片式离合器或电磁离合器,分别与第二轴第一齿轮和第二轴第二齿轮连接;或者第二轴切换元件为一个狗牙离合器,设置在第二轴第一齿轮和第二轴第二齿轮之间。
10.一种车辆,包括第一动力源、第二动力源和第三动力源,其特征在于,还包括根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的混合动力传动装置。
11.一种运行根据权利要求10所述的车辆的方法,其特征在于,根据车速、驾驶员功率需求以及电池SOC对第一动力源、第二动力源和第三动力源以及切换元件进行控制,使得车辆以多个电动挡位、燃油挡位以及并联挡位和串联挡位之一行驶。
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