CN113080145A - Method for recycling edible fungus by-products by using earthworms - Google Patents

Method for recycling edible fungus by-products by using earthworms Download PDF

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CN113080145A
CN113080145A CN202110356617.7A CN202110356617A CN113080145A CN 113080145 A CN113080145 A CN 113080145A CN 202110356617 A CN202110356617 A CN 202110356617A CN 113080145 A CN113080145 A CN 113080145A
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earthworms
earthworm
seaweed
collecting
residues
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CN113080145B (en
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邝哲师
周东来
潘木水
杨琼
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Sericulture and Agri Food Research Institute GAAS
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Sericulture and Agri Food Research Institute GAAS
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
    • A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
    • A01K67/0332—Earthworms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of resource utilization, and discloses a method for utilizing earthworms to perform resource utilization on edible fungus byproducts, which comprises the following steps: collecting and treating mushroom residues to obtain treated mushroom residues, constructing an earthworm cultivation environment by using the treated mushroom residues, cultivating earthworms, collecting earthworm cultivation waste, treating the earthworm cultivation waste to obtain an organic fertilizer main raw material, and preparing the organic fertilizer by using the organic fertilizer main raw material, seaweed and straw. According to the invention, the waste mushroom residues are used for earthworm cultivation, so that the ventilation property and the looseness of the cultivation material can be improved, and meanwhile, nutrients can be provided for the growth of earthworms; after the earthworms are bred, the earthworms are harvested, and the residual waste materials are used for preparing the organic fertilizer, wherein the waste materials contain earthworm excrement and mushroom residue, so that the prepared organic fertilizer has better fertilizer efficiency; the mushroom residues, the seaweed and the like can be recycled, the added value is improved, and the utilization cost is low.

Description

Method for recycling edible fungus by-products by using earthworms
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of resource utilization, and particularly relates to a method for utilizing earthworms to perform resource utilization on edible fungus byproducts.
Background
At present: as a new industry, the edible fungi have a continuously enlarged cultivation scale and produce a large amount of fungi residues. Mushroom residues need to be properly treated, otherwise, environmental pollution is caused, the yield and the quality of products are influenced, and even more, a great deal of plant diseases and insect pests spread and harm are caused, so that the yield is seriously reduced, and even the mushroom residues are completely harvested. The mushroom dregs contain a large amount of mycoprotein, a plurality of metabolites and nutrients which are not fully utilized, so the mushroom dregs can be comprehensively utilized.
At present, the utilization modes of mushroom residues mainly comprise: the method comprises the following steps of: waste materials for cultivating straw mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, mushrooms and the like are dried and crushed again and then added into new raw materials for cultivating coprinus comatus, so that the production cost can be reduced; secondly, the edible fungus waste is directly used as a farmyard fertilizer to be applied to the field as a base fertilizer, and the edible fungus waste is deeply applied and then buried, so that the effects of improving orchard soil, increasing soil permeability and improving soil physicochemical properties can be achieved; (iii) use as fuel: as wood chips are mostly used as culture materials for cultivating the shiitake mushrooms, mushroom residues can be used as fuel. However, the utilization of these mushroom residues has problems of low economic efficiency and insufficient decomposition, and the reuse of mushroom residues is affected.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: the existing mushroom residues are utilized, so that the problems of low economic benefit and insufficient decomposition exist, and the recycling of the mushroom residues is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for recycling edible fungus byproducts by using earthworms.
The invention is realized in such a way that a method for utilizing earthworms to recycle edible fungus byproducts comprises the following steps:
step one, collecting and processing mushroom residues to obtain processed mushroom residues: collecting mushroom residues, sieving the collected mushroom residues, and collecting undersize products, namely small-particle-size mushroom residues; screening the small-particle-size mushroom residues in a screening machine, and removing particles with large density difference, namely solid impurities to obtain pure mushroom residues; airing the pure mushroom residues in the sun, turning over the residues in the airing process, and obtaining treated mushroom residues after the airing process is finished;
step two, constructing an earthworm cultivation environment by using the treated mushroom dregs and cultivating earthworms: weaving the earthworm cultivation basket by using bamboo splints or chaste trees, and performing seam remaining treatment in the weaving process to obtain the earthworm cultivation basket; collecting deep soil, exposing the collected deep soil to sunlight, and collecting the exposed soil; mixing the fermented cow dung with the exposed soil, uniformly stirring, adjusting the water content, adding the treated mushroom residues, and fully stirring to obtain an earthworm culture material; paving earthworm culture materials at the bottom of the earthworm cultivation basket, shaking the earthworm cultivation basket to disperse the culture materials in the basket, placing earthworms in the earthworm culture materials, and paving a straw mat above the culture materials after the earthworms enter the culture materials; the opening of the earthworm cultivation basket is sealed by using a plastic net for earthworm cultivation;
collecting and treating the earthworm cultivation waste to obtain the main raw material of the organic fertilizer: after the earthworm cultivation period is finished, collecting earthworms by using an earthworm sieve, and collecting earthworm culture materials from which the earthworms are removed, namely earthworm cultivation waste materials; putting the earthworm breeding waste into a fermentation tank, adding water and a zymophyte agent, uniformly stirring, and then carrying out sealed fermentation; when the temperature in the fermentation tank rises to 55 ℃, the sealing is removed and stirring is carried out; sealing again for fermentation, and removing the seal after fermenting for 10-20 days to obtain the main raw material of the organic fertilizer;
step four, preparing the organic fertilizer by using the main raw materials of the organic fertilizer, the seaweed and the straws: collecting seaweed, cleaning the seaweed, and removing surface impurities to obtain clean seaweed; crushing clean seaweed in a crusher to obtain seaweed scraps, leaching the seaweed scraps in water, centrifuging, and separating to obtain a seaweed extracting solution and seaweed residues; crushing straws, mixing with seaweed residues and the main raw materials of the organic fertilizer, slowly adding the seaweed extract while stirring, and uniformly stirring to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Further, in the first step, the screen mesh is a 30-mesh screen during sieving.
Further, in the step one, the solid impurities are plastic films and paper sheets or sand grains and stones.
Further, in the step one, the water content of the mushroom residues after treatment is 15-20%.
Further, in the second step, the length, width and height of the earthworm breeding basket are as follows in sequence: 0.8 to 1.2m, 0.5 to 0.6m, 1 to 1.2 m.
Further, in step two, the adjusting of the water content includes: adjusting the water content to 15-25%.
Further, in the second step, earthworms are placed in the earthworm cultivation materials, and the placing amount of the earthworms is 3000-8000 pieces per basket.
Further, in the third step, the earthworm breeding period is 25-30 days.
Further, in the third step, the earthworm cultivation waste comprises earthworm feces and earthworms which are not screened out.
Further, in the fourth step, the rotating speed of the centrifugation is 600-1000 r/min.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the method for utilizing the earthworms to perform resource utilization on the edible fungus byproducts comprises two parts, namely culturing the earthworms by using the waste mushroom residues and preparing the organic fertilizer by using the earthworm culturing waste materials, wherein the waste mushroom residues are used for culturing the earthworms, so that the ventilation property and the looseness of the cultured materials can be improved, and meanwhile, the nutrients can be provided for the growth of the earthworms; after the earthworms are cultured, the earthworms are harvested, and the residual waste materials are used for preparing organic fertilizer, wherein the waste materials contain earthworm excrement and mushroom residue, the mushroom residue contains abundant mycoprotein, various metabolites and nutrient substances which are not fully utilized, the content of organic matters is high, and the mushroom residue fertilizer formed through fermentation treatment has more available nutrients and better yield increasing effect than the fertilizer retted by straw; nutrient supply can be realized through fermentation treatment of earthworm excrement, and the prepared organic fertilizer has better fertilizer efficiency. The method for recycling the edible fungus byproducts by using the earthworms can realize the recycling of the fungus mushroom residues, the seaweed and the like, realize the improvement of the added value and has low utilization cost.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for recycling edible fungus byproducts by using earthworms according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of mushroom dregs after being collected and processed according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of the process of constructing an earthworm cultivation environment and cultivating earthworms by using the processed mushroom dregs according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the main raw material for organic fertilizer obtained by collecting and treating the waste from earthworm cultivation according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the preparation of organic fertilizer by using main raw materials of organic fertilizer, seaweed and straw according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for recycling edible fungus byproducts by using earthworms, and the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for recycling edible fungus by-products by using earthworms according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
s101, collecting and processing mushroom residues to obtain processed mushroom residues;
s102, constructing an earthworm cultivation environment by using the processed mushroom dregs and cultivating earthworms;
s103, collecting earthworm cultivation waste and treating the earthworm cultivation waste to obtain an organic fertilizer main raw material;
s104, preparing the organic fertilizer by using the main raw materials of the organic fertilizer, the seaweed and the straw.
As shown in fig. 2, the collecting and processing of mushroom dregs to obtain processed mushroom dregs according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
s201, collecting mushroom residues, sieving the collected mushroom residues, and collecting undersize products, namely small-particle-size mushroom residues;
s202, screening the small-particle-size mushroom residues in a screening machine, and removing particles with large density difference, namely solid impurities to obtain pure mushroom residues;
s203, airing the pure mushroom residues in the sun, turning over the pure mushroom residues in the airing process, and obtaining the processed mushroom residues after the airing process is finished.
In step S201, the screen mesh for sieving provided in the embodiment of the present invention is a 30-mesh screen.
In step S202, the solid impurities provided by the embodiment of the present invention are plastic films, paper sheets, sand grains, and stones.
In step S203, the water content of the processed mushroom dregs provided by the embodiment of the present invention is 15 to 20%.
As shown in fig. 3, the construction of an earthworm cultivation environment and cultivation of earthworms using processed mushroom dregs according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
s301, weaving the earthworm cultivation basket by using bamboo splints or chaste trees, and performing seam remaining treatment during weaving to obtain the earthworm cultivation basket;
s302, collecting deep soil, exposing the collected deep soil to sunlight, and collecting the exposed soil;
s303, mixing the fermented cow dung with the exposed soil, uniformly stirring, adjusting the water content, adding the processed mushroom residues, and fully stirring to obtain an earthworm culture material;
s304, paving earthworm culture materials at the bottom of the earthworm cultivation basket, shaking the earthworm cultivation basket to disperse the culture materials in the basket, placing earthworms in the earthworm culture materials, and paving a straw mat above the culture materials after the earthworms enter the culture materials;
s305, sealing the opening of the earthworm breeding basket by using a plastic net to breed earthworms.
In step S301, the length, width, and height of the earthworm cultivating basket provided by the embodiment of the present invention are in sequence: 0.8 to 1.2m, 0.5 to 0.6m, 1 to 1.2 m.
In step S303, the adjusting of the water content according to the embodiment of the present invention includes: adjusting the water content to 15-25%.
In step S304, the earthworms are placed in the earthworm cultivation material according to the embodiment of the present invention, and the number of the earthworms placed in each basket is 3000 to 8000.
As shown in fig. 4, the collecting and processing of the earthworm cultivation waste to obtain the organic fertilizer main raw material according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
s401, after the earthworm cultivation period is finished, collecting earthworms by using an earthworm sieve, and collecting earthworm compost from which the earthworms are removed, namely earthworm cultivation waste;
s402, putting the earthworm breeding waste into a fermentation tank, adding water and a fermentation microbial inoculum, uniformly stirring, and then carrying out sealed fermentation;
s403, when the temperature in the fermentation tank rises to 55 ℃, removing the seal and stirring;
and S404, sealing again for fermentation, and removing the seal after fermenting for 10-20 days to obtain the main raw material of the organic fertilizer.
In step S401, the earthworm cultivation period provided by the embodiment of the present invention is 25 to 30 days.
In step S401, the earthworm cultivation waste provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes earthworm feces and earthworms that have not been screened.
As shown in fig. 5, the preparation of organic fertilizer by using main raw materials of organic fertilizer, seaweed and straw provided by the embodiment of the present invention comprises:
s501, collecting and cleaning seaweed, and removing surface impurities to obtain clean seaweed;
s502, crushing clean seaweed in a crusher to obtain seaweed chips, leaching the seaweed chips in water, centrifuging, and separating to obtain a seaweed extracting solution and seaweed residues;
s503, crushing the straws, mixing the crushed straws with seaweed residues and the main raw materials of the organic fertilizer, slowly adding the seaweed extract during stirring, and uniformly stirring to obtain the organic fertilizer.
In step S502, the rotation speed of the centrifuge provided by the embodiment of the invention is 600-1000 r/min.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed herein, which is within the spirit and principle of the present invention, should be covered by the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for recycling edible fungus byproducts by using earthworms is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, collecting and processing mushroom residues to obtain processed mushroom residues: collecting mushroom residues, sieving the collected mushroom residues, and collecting undersize products, namely small-particle-size mushroom residues; screening the small-particle-size mushroom residues in a screening machine, and removing particles with large density difference, namely solid impurities to obtain pure mushroom residues; airing the pure mushroom residues in the sun, turning over the residues in the airing process, and obtaining treated mushroom residues after the airing process is finished;
step two, constructing an earthworm cultivation environment by using the treated mushroom dregs and cultivating earthworms: weaving the earthworm cultivation basket by using bamboo splints or chaste trees, and performing seam remaining treatment in the weaving process to obtain the earthworm cultivation basket; collecting deep soil, exposing the collected deep soil to sunlight, and collecting the exposed soil; mixing the fermented cow dung with the exposed soil, uniformly stirring, adjusting the water content, adding the treated mushroom residues, and fully stirring to obtain an earthworm culture material; paving earthworm culture materials at the bottom of the earthworm cultivation basket, shaking the earthworm cultivation basket to disperse the culture materials in the basket, placing earthworms in the earthworm culture materials, and paving a straw mat above the culture materials after the earthworms enter the culture materials; the opening of the earthworm cultivation basket is sealed by using a plastic net for earthworm cultivation;
collecting and treating the earthworm cultivation waste to obtain the main raw material of the organic fertilizer: after the earthworm cultivation period is finished, collecting earthworms by using an earthworm sieve, and collecting earthworm culture materials from which the earthworms are removed, namely earthworm cultivation waste materials; putting the earthworm breeding waste into a fermentation tank, adding water and a zymophyte agent, uniformly stirring, and then carrying out sealed fermentation; when the temperature in the fermentation tank rises to 55 ℃, the sealing is removed and stirring is carried out; sealing again for fermentation, and removing the seal after fermenting for 10-20 days to obtain the main raw material of the organic fertilizer;
step four, preparing the organic fertilizer by using the main raw materials of the organic fertilizer, the seaweed and the straws: collecting seaweed, cleaning the seaweed, and removing surface impurities to obtain clean seaweed; crushing clean seaweed in a crusher to obtain seaweed scraps, leaching the seaweed scraps in water, centrifuging, and separating to obtain a seaweed extracting solution and seaweed residues; crushing straws, mixing with seaweed residues and the main raw materials of the organic fertilizer, slowly adding the seaweed extract while stirring, and uniformly stirring to obtain the organic fertilizer.
2. The method for recycling edible fungus byproducts by using the earthworms as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step one, the screen mesh is 30 meshes.
3. The method for recycling edible fungus byproducts by using earthworms as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step one, the solid impurities are plastic films, paper sheets, sand grains or stones.
4. The method for recycling edible fungus byproducts by using the earthworms as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step one, the water content of the treated mushroom dregs is 15-20%.
5. The method for recycling edible fungus byproducts by using earthworms as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, the length, width and height of the earthworm cultivating basket are as follows in sequence: 0.8 to 1.2m, 0.5 to 0.6m, 1 to 1.2 m.
6. The method for recycling edible fungus byproducts by using earthworms as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step two of adjusting the water content comprises the following steps: adjusting the water content to 15-25%.
7. The method for utilizing the earthworms for recycling the edible fungus byproducts as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, the earthworms are placed in earthworm cultivation materials, and the placing amount of the earthworms is 3000-8000 per basket.
8. The method for recycling edible fungus byproducts by using the earthworms as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, the cultivation period of the earthworms is 25-30 days.
9. The method for recycling edible fungus byproducts by using earthworms as claimed in claim 1, wherein the earthworm cultivation waste comprises earthworm feces and earthworms which are not screened out in the third step.
10. The method for recycling edible fungus byproducts by using the earthworms as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the rotation speed of the centrifugation is 600-1000 r/min.
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CN102812931A (en) * 2012-08-17 2012-12-12 南京农业大学 Method for preparing earthworm cultivation substratum
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CN115281032A (en) * 2022-08-15 2022-11-04 湖北省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 Diversified ecological cycle planting and breeding combination method based on feed mulberry
CN115281032B (en) * 2022-08-15 2024-05-03 湖北省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 Ecological cycle planting and breeding combination method based on feed mulberry diversification

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