CN113079978A - Rape waterlogging-resistant cultivation method - Google Patents
Rape waterlogging-resistant cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113079978A CN113079978A CN202110389564.9A CN202110389564A CN113079978A CN 113079978 A CN113079978 A CN 113079978A CN 202110389564 A CN202110389564 A CN 202110389564A CN 113079978 A CN113079978 A CN 113079978A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
- A01N31/08—Oxygen or sulfur directly attached to an aromatic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N35/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical
- A01N35/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical containing aliphatically bound aldehyde or keto groups, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof, e.g. acetals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
- A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
- A01N57/10—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds
- A01N57/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds containing aromatic radicals
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rape waterlogging-resistant cultivation method, which comprises the steps of turning over a field block of a rape field for planting previous crops, and carrying out compartment making, ridging and ditching by adopting a ridger after the field block is turned over; mechanically sowing seeds by adopting a strip direct sowing method; adding an oxygen increasing agent during the preparation of the seed coating agent, wherein the oxygen increasing agent is urea peroxide; closed weeding: after sowing, 96% of Jindu is adopted for closed weeding. The invention reduces the probability of rape waterlogging, and compared with a wide box, a narrow box is not easy to accumulate water, thereby reducing the risk of accumulating water from the source; the drainage ditch is additionally arranged, so that the field drainage is smoother; the invention adopts the seed coating oxygen increasing agent to provide oxygen for rape root systems under the waterlogging condition, thereby improving the waterlogging resistance of rape.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a rape waterlogging-resistant cultivation method.
Background
Rape is an important oil crop in China, but rape seeds in China have huge gaps, the degree of dependence on foreign matters is as high as 30-40%, and the problem of oil safety in China is seriously threatened. Therefore, the improvement of the rape yield has important significance for relieving the oil safety in China. The Yangtze river basin is the main area for winter rape production in China. The region has the characteristic of much rainwater, however, the excessive rainwater is a climate which is extremely unfavorable for the growth of the rapes, and the result of the excessive rainwater causes soil waterlogging and causes the rape waterlogging. The fundamental factors of rape waterlogging are that after soil is ponded, the soil is lack of oxygen, the root system growth is blocked, and the rape dies in serious conditions.
The waterlogging can occur in any growth link of the whole growth period of the rape: for example, in the seedling stage, the waterlogging affects the germination of rape seeds in soil and the growth of radicles after germination, resulting in incomplete seedling emergence; in the seedling stage, after waterlogging is superposed with high temperature, the rape seedlings are easy to have damping-off, and the seedling group is influenced; in the seedling stage, the fertilizer leaching loss is caused by excessive soil moisture in the waterlogging damage, and meanwhile, the waterlogging damage influences the growth of the rape root system and reduces the absorption of the root system from the soil nutrients, so that the nutrient utilization efficiency of the rape is low.
If the additional fertilizer is adopted to supplement the growth of the rape, the growth cost of the rape is increased, and the environmental pollution is easily caused. In the bud and moss period, the nutrient absorption of the root system is influenced by stain damage, so that the nutrient supply of the rape in the middle and later flowering periods is insufficient, and the yield is reduced due to premature senility. In the flowering period, the waterlogging not only easily induces sclerotinia rot of rape, but also influences pollination and insemination, thereby causing the reduction of yield of rape. Therefore, there is a need for a method for cultivating rape to reduce rape waterlogging stress and improve rape yield.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a rape waterlogging damage resistant cultivation method which can reduce the probability of rape waterlogging damage and improve the utilization rate of fertilizer.
The invention comprises the following steps:
and (4) ploughing the field A. After harvesting previous crops of the rape field, airing the rape field for 2-3 days, and ploughing the rape field in blocks;
b, after turning over the ridge forming block, carrying out ridge forming, ridging and ditching on the rape field at the same time;
c, adding an oxygenation agent when the seed coating is used for preparing a seed coating agent for seeds, wherein the oxygenation agent is urea peroxide;
d, mechanically sowing seeds, fertilizing, and coating the seeds by adopting a strip direct sowing method, wherein 2 rows are sowed in each compartment, and the planting distance is 50 cm;
and E, after the closed weeding seeding is finished, adopting a herbicide to perform closed weeding, wherein the herbicide accounts for 96% of the total concentration of the herbicide, and the dosage of the total concentration of the herbicide per mu is 50 mL.
Further, the fertilizing method adopts a side deep fertilizing mode, namely strip fertilizing is carried out in the middle of two rows of rapes at a distance of 25cm, and the fertilizing depth is 3-5 cm.
Furthermore, the ditching compartment surface of the rape field is 80cm, the depth of the ditch of the rape field is 25-30 cm, and the width of the ditch is 20-25 cm.
Further, in the step A, if the soil humidity is high, the rice field should be dried for a long time and then turned over.
Further, the preparation method of the seed coating agent comprises the steps of dissolving 200 g of chitosan by 45L of 1% glacial acetic acid solution, dissolving 1000 g of polyvinyl alcohol by 25L of water, then putting 0.5L of the dissolved polyvinyl alcohol solution and weighed liquid materials of polyethylene glycol octyl phenyl ether, 4L of acetone, 0.3L of phenol and 0.2L of phoxim into a reaction kettle, putting 500 g of various weighed powdery materials of urea peroxide, 120 g of uniconazole, 600 g of boron fertilizer, 150 g of manganese fertilizer, 150 g of zinc fertilizer and 4000 g of gum arabic into the kettle while stirring, finally adding 25.4L of water to complement the used liquid materials to 100%, and uniformly stirring to obtain the liquid rape seed coating agent.
And further, the fertilizer applied in the step D is a special slow release fertilizer for rape or a conventional compound fertilizer.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention reduces the probability of rape waterlogging, and compared with a wide box, a narrow box is not easy to accumulate water, thereby reducing the risk of accumulating water from the source;
(2) the drainage ditch is added, field drainage is smoother, poor field drainage capacity is one of important reasons for field soil water accumulation, the number of the field drainage ditches is increased after a wide chamber is changed into a narrow chamber, and the waterlogging occurrence probability can be greatly reduced after the drainage performance is improved;
(3) after ridging is carried out on narrow compartments, the compartment height is increased, the field drainage is improved, meanwhile, the ground temperature is increased in the winter season of the rape, the growth of the rape is promoted, the risk of stress of the ground temperature in adverse circumstances is reduced, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved.
(4) The invention adds the oxygen increasing agent into the seed coating agent, provides oxygen for the growth and development of rape root systems in the rape waterlogged soil, and improves the waterlogged damage resistance of rape.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with examples which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment includes the following steps:
and (4) ploughing the field A. After harvesting the previous crops in the rape field, drying the rape field in the sun for 2-3 days, and ploughing the rape field in blocks.
And B, after turning over the ridge forming block, carrying out ridge forming and ditching on the rape field at the same time.
And C, adding an oxygenation agent when the seed coating is used for preparing a seed coating agent for the seeds, wherein the oxygenation agent is urea peroxide.
D, mechanically sowing seeds, fertilizing, and coating seeds by adopting a strip direct sowing method, wherein 2 rows are sowed in each compartment, and the planting distance is 50 cm.
And E, after the closed weeding seeding is finished, adopting a herbicide to perform closed weeding, wherein the herbicide accounts for 96% of the total concentration of the herbicide, and the dosage of the total concentration of the herbicide per mu is 50 mL.
The preparation method of the seed coating agent in the embodiment comprises the steps of dissolving 200 g of chitosan by 45L of 1% glacial acetic acid solution, dissolving 1000 g of polyvinyl alcohol by 25L of water, then putting 0.5L of the dissolved polyvinyl alcohol solution and weighed liquid materials of polyethylene glycol octyl phenyl ether, 4L of acetone, 0.3L of phenol and 0.2L of phoxim into a reaction kettle, putting 500 g of various weighed powdery materials of urea peroxide, 120 g of uniconazole, 600 g of boron fertilizer, 150 g of manganese fertilizer, 150 g of zinc fertilizer and 4000 g of gum arabic into the kettle, stirring while adding, finally adding 25.4L of water to complement the used liquid materials to 100%, and uniformly stirring to obtain the liquid rape seed coating agent.
Compared with the conventional cultivation technology, the rape waterlogging-resistant cultivation technology is subjected to effect comparison test treatment in 2018 and 2019. The main differences between the two treatments are listed in table 1. The rape variety is Zhe oil 51, and the experimental place is located in good tea sea vegetable and fruit professional cooperative society in Hangzhou city in Zhejiang province. The test was repeated in 3 times with a cell area of 13m2. The fertilizer is a special slow release fertilizer for rape, and the fertilizing amount is 750 kg.hm2. Transplanting rape at density of 60000 plants hm2. Spraying 750mL of Jindu (96%) per hectare before transplanting. Other management is the same as the conventional cultivation method.
TABLE 1 resistance of rape to waterlogging and conventional cultivation treatment method
| Anti-waterlogging cultivation method | Conventional cultivation method | |
| Width of clean compartment | 70-80cm | 150-160cm |
| Ridge treatment | Ridging | Flat ridge |
| Seed treatment | Coating (containing oxygenation agent) | Without coating |
| Fertilizing method | Side deep fertilizer | Surface spreading |
Analysis of results
Analysis of growth amount and agronomic characters of rapes in different growth periods
The results in Table 2 show that the seedling rate of the rape is obviously improved by adopting the waterlogging-resistant cultivation method, and the seedling rate of the rape is respectively improved by 7.27 percent and 5.41 percent in two cultivation seasons. The method improves the waterlogging resistance of the rape, thereby increasing the seedling rate of the rape in the seedling stage. The plant height of the rape is higher than that of the conventional cultivation under the waterlogging-resistant cultivation treatment in different growth stages, which shows that the cultivation method promotes the growth of the rape.
TABLE 2 variation in the seedling rate and plant height of oilseed rape in the waterlogging-resistant cultivation and conventional cultivation modes
The results in Table 3 show that under the cultivation against waterlogging and the conventional cultivation measures, the root neck thickness of the rape is increased and then decreased in several key growth periods, and the root neck thickness of the rape is the largest in the final flowering period but is reduced in the mature period. It is demonstrated that the nutrients stored in the rape root neck are basically transported to other parts such as the silique and the like until the final flowering period. In the two years of 2018 and 2019, the root neck thickness is obviously higher than that of the conventional cultivation treatment in each growth period of the rape, which indicates that the anti-waterlogging cultivation treatment promotes the root neck thickness of the rape. Regarding the number of green leaves, the method of the anti-waterlogging cultivation treatment has more than 2 leaves than the conventional cultivation treatment. The green leaves have a large number, so that the photosynthetic products of the rape can be enhanced; on the other hand, the method is also favorable for promoting the formation of rape branches and increasing the yield of rape.
TABLE 3 variation in the root neck thickness and the number of green leaves of 2018 and 2019 year rape under the waterlogging-resistant cultivation and conventional cultivation treatment
The results in Table 4 show that the dry matter accumulation of the overground part continuously increases along with the advancing of the growth period whether the cultivation is carried out in an anti-waterlogging manner or in a conventional manner; but the dry matter mass of the underground part continuously increases from the seedling stage to the terminal flowering stage, but then decreases. The overground part of the rape is mainly increased by leaves in the prophase of growth, and then the rape enters the bolting stage despite the gradual senescence and shedding of the leaves, the stem is rapidly increased, and the formation and development of the siliques in the later stage are realized, so that the overground part dry matter quantity is continuously increased. After the underground part is in the final flowering phase, the growth center of the plant is transferred to the canopy and the silique layer, the activity of the root system is gradually weakened, and the quality of the dry matter is reduced. The former treatment significantly promotes the dry matter amount of the overground and underground parts of rape in terms of the stain-resistant cultivation method and the conventional cultivation method.
Rape yield trait and yield analysis
The results in Table 4 show that the number of branches is respectively 1.1 and 1.4 more in two years than in the conventional cultivation measures, the number of single siliques is obviously improved in the conventional cultivation measures, the number of single siliques is respectively 10.6 percent and 13.7 percent more in two years than in the conventional cultivation measures, the amplitude of promoting the number of siliques and the weight of thousand grains by the aid of the anti-waterlogging cultivation measures is relatively small, the average yield increase amplitude in two years is respectively 5.0 percent and 5.0 percent than in the conventional cultivation measures, the yield of the rape is obviously increased under the anti-waterlogging cultivation treatment and respectively reaches 13.0 percent and 17.6 percent, in terms of oil content, the difference between the anti-waterlogging cultivation measures and the conventional cultivation treatments is not obvious, the anti-waterlogging cultivation measures mainly promote the yield of the rape, and the increase of the yield of the rape mainly benefits from the increase of the number of the single siliques.
TABLE 4 Change in aerial and underground parts of 2018 and 2019 year rape under the waterlogging-resistant cultivation and conventional cultivation treatment
Analysis of nitrogen concentration of organs of rape in different growth periods
The results in tables 5a/b show that the bud period of the nitrogen concentration of the rape root system is maximum along with the promotion of the growth process, and then the nitrogen concentration is reduced, so that the absorption of the nitrogen from the soil by the rape root system is mainly before the bud period, and then the nutrient absorption capacity from the soil is greatly reduced along with the aging of the root system. The concentration of nitrogen in the leaves is also the largest in the bud period, and after the bud period, the nutrients in the rape plants are distributed for the second time, the main nutrients in the leaves are gradually transferred to reproductive organs. In the case of stalks, the maximum is reached at the initial flowering stage. During the period from bud emergence to initial flowering, the stems mainly grow, absorbed nutrients are required to be transported to flower bud parts through physiological large channels of the stems on one hand, and after the nitrogen in the stems is distributed for the second time after entering final flowering, the nitrogen absorbed from soil is reduced, so that the nitrogen in the stems is also reduced; at the moment, nitrogen in the stems is used as nutrient substances and is turned to each branch to play a role in diluting nutrients, the concentration of the nitrogen in organs is rapidly increased in terms of the siliques, but the content of the nitrogen is reduced in the mature period of the siliques, the nitrogen is mainly consumed with the nitrogen in seeds as raw material substances for synthesizing grease and protein, and the absorption of nitrogen fertilizers of rape is remarkably promoted by adopting an anti-waterlogging cultivation mode in terms of two cultivation modes.
TABLE 5a Nitrogen concentration in the root/leaf organs of oilseed rape under the stain-resistant cultivation and conventional cultivation modes
TABLE 5b Nitrogen concentration in organs of rape stalks and fruits under stain damage resistant cultivation and conventional cultivation mode
TABLE 6 Effect of rape yield factor and yield and inclusion under stain resistance and conventional cultivation treatment
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The rape waterlogging-damage-resistant cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
and (4) ploughing the field A. Harvesting previous crops in a rape field, airing for 2-3 days, and turning over the rape field in blocks;
b, after turning over the ridge forming block, carrying out ridge forming, ridging and ditching on the rape field at the same time;
c, adding an oxygenation agent when the seed coating is used for preparing a seed coating agent for seeds, wherein the oxygenation agent is urea peroxide;
d, mechanically sowing seeds, fertilizing, and coating the seeds by adopting a strip direct sowing method, wherein 2 rows are sowed in each compartment, and the planting distance is 50 cm;
and E, after the closed weeding seeding is finished, adopting a herbicide to perform closed weeding, wherein the herbicide accounts for 96% of the total concentration of the herbicide, and the dosage of the total concentration of the herbicide per mu is 50 mL.
2. The method for cultivating rape as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method of applying fertilizer is a side deep application method, in which strip fertilizer is applied between two rows of rape at a distance of 25cm, and the depth of application is 3-5 cm.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the surface of the rape field is 80cm, the depth of the rape field is 25-30 cm, and the width of the rape field is 20-25 cm.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation of rape in step A is carried out by drying the rice field for a long time and then turning over if the humidity of the soil is high.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seed coating is prepared by dissolving 200 g of chitosan in 45L of 1% glacial acetic acid solution, dissolving 1000 g of polyvinyl alcohol in 25L of water, adding the dissolved polyvinyl alcohol solution and weighed liquid polyethylene glycol octyl phenyl ether 0.5L, acetone 4L, phenol 0.3L and phoxim 0.2L into a reaction kettle, adding weighed powdery materials including urea peroxide 500 g, uniconazole 120 g, boron fertilizer 600 g, manganese fertilizer 150 g, zinc fertilizer 150 g and gum arabic 4000 g into the kettle, stirring while adding water 25.4L, adding the liquid materials to 100%, and stirring uniformly to obtain the liquid seed coating for rape.
6. The method for cultivating rape as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizer applied in step D is slow release fertilizer or conventional compound fertilizer specially used for rape.
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Cited By (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113979799A (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2022-01-28 | 华中农业大学 | Seed coating composition for improving stain resistance and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114679927A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-07-01 | 华中农业大学 | Chemical treatment method for improving seed stain resistance |
| CN115843808A (en) * | 2022-12-09 | 2023-03-28 | 湖南农业大学 | Hormone combination for improving waterlogging resistance of rape and application thereof |
| CN116602313A (en) * | 2023-07-20 | 2023-08-18 | 南京农业大学三亚研究院 | Wheat stain-resistant seed coating agent and application method thereof |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113979799A (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2022-01-28 | 华中农业大学 | Seed coating composition for improving stain resistance and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113979799B (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2023-02-24 | 华中农业大学 | Seed coating composition for improving stain resistance and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114679927A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-07-01 | 华中农业大学 | Chemical treatment method for improving seed stain resistance |
| CN114679927B (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2023-01-24 | 华中农业大学 | Chemical treatment method for improving seed stain resistance |
| CN115843808A (en) * | 2022-12-09 | 2023-03-28 | 湖南农业大学 | Hormone combination for improving waterlogging resistance of rape and application thereof |
| CN116602313A (en) * | 2023-07-20 | 2023-08-18 | 南京农业大学三亚研究院 | Wheat stain-resistant seed coating agent and application method thereof |
| CN116602313B (en) * | 2023-07-20 | 2023-11-24 | 南京农业大学三亚研究院 | Wheat stain-resistant seed coating agent and application method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20210709 |