CN113068149A - Unmanned aerial vehicle airborne GSM-R signal coverage and interference detection positioning platform and method - Google Patents

Unmanned aerial vehicle airborne GSM-R signal coverage and interference detection positioning platform and method Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN113068149A
CN113068149A CN202110310839.5A CN202110310839A CN113068149A CN 113068149 A CN113068149 A CN 113068149A CN 202110310839 A CN202110310839 A CN 202110310839A CN 113068149 A CN113068149 A CN 113068149A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
antenna
aerial vehicle
unmanned aerial
gsm
raspberry
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202110310839.5A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王逸轩
高锐
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lanzhou Jiaotong University
Original Assignee
Lanzhou Jiaotong University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lanzhou Jiaotong University filed Critical Lanzhou Jiaotong University
Priority to CN202110310839.5A priority Critical patent/CN113068149A/en
Publication of CN113068149A publication Critical patent/CN113068149A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/30Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
    • H04W4/40Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
    • H04W4/42Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P] for mass transport vehicles, e.g. buses, trains or aircraft
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64DEQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D47/00Equipment not otherwise provided for
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/08Testing, supervising or monitoring using real traffic
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/309Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
    • H04B17/345Interference values

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an unmanned aerial vehicle airborne GSM-R signal coverage and interference detection positioning platform and a method, and the platform comprises a raspberry group, a high-sensitivity receiver, a receiving antenna and a power supply module which are arranged on an unmanned aerial vehicle, wherein the power supply module is respectively connected with the raspberry group and the high-sensitivity receiver, the raspberry group is connected with the high-sensitivity receiver through a USB interface, the high-sensitivity receiver is connected with the receiving antenna, the receiving antenna comprises an omnidirectional antenna and a directional antenna, the omnidirectional antenna is used for carrying out verification test of railway service coverage, and the directional antenna is used for positioning an interference signal. Signals collected by the antenna are input into the raspberry pi through the high-sensitivity receiver for analysis and storage, and parameters of the raspberry pi are input through a touch screen or a WLAN remote control. The invention can realize the aerial collection of GSM-R signals, verify the coverage condition of the base station along the railway to the related services, and also can monitor and position the position of the existing interference signal and the emission source in a direction-finding way, thereby providing guarantee for the normal operation of the related services.

Description

Unmanned aerial vehicle airborne GSM-R signal coverage and interference detection positioning platform and method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of railway communication, and particularly relates to an unmanned aerial vehicle airborne GSM-R signal coverage and interference detection positioning platform and method.
Background
In China, a railway integrated digital mobile communication system (GSM-R) is mainly used in railway communication, GSM-R communication base stations are mostly positioned along the railway, and a directional antenna is generally adopted to carry out radio coverage on the advancing direction of a train on the railway. However, as cities develop, the urban terrain and building environment become more complex, and effective coverage of radio signals and normal use of related services present few challenges. The frequency ranges used by the GSM-R are 885-889 MHz (uplink) and 930-934 MHz (downlink), and the adjacent frequency bands are used for mobile communication, but the frequency ranges are closer to the GSM-R frequency band, so that the normal operation of the railway service is easily affected.
The traditional GSM-R signal coverage test means mainly takes drive test and train test, takes an automobile or a train as a carrier, and carries out data acquisition around a railway or by using signal acquisition equipment on the train. However, the acquisition method has obvious defects: firstly, radio signals around the line are susceptible to building and terrain during collection, and when a railway passes through a city, radio signals at various positions along the line cannot be effectively collected, so that a blind area exists; secondly, due to the long acquisition time and high acquisition cost of the acquisition method, real-time test and signal acquisition are difficult to perform after the railway normally runs; thirdly, the operator base station may have interference signals caused by equipment aging or unreasonable antenna arrangement, when positioning the interference source, the interference signals belong to unknown signals, and the signals may be caused by factors such as multipath effect in a complex environment, and it is difficult to determine the incoming wave direction of the signals when the interference source is checked by using methods such as direction finding on the ground, so that a large amount of manpower and time are consumed, and a large influence is caused on the normal operation of related railway services. In addition, the existing aerial acquisition platforms for radio signals are mostly unmanned aerial vehicle test platforms, but the unmanned aerial vehicle cannot bear a high-sensitivity radio receiver and a special GSM-R antenna or directional antenna due to limited load capacity and volume, so that the difficulty in building the aerial acquisition platforms for radio signals is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects pointed out in the background technology, the invention provides an airborne GSM-R signal coverage and interference detection positioning platform and method for an unmanned aerial vehicle, and aims to solve the problems in the prior art in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the utility model provides an unmanned aerial vehicle machine carries GSM-R signal coverage and interference detection positioning platform, is including setting up raspberry group, high sensitivity receiver, receiving antenna and the power module on unmanned aerial vehicle, power module is connected with the high sensitivity receiver with raspberry group respectively, the raspberry group is connected with the high sensitivity receiver through the USB interface, the high sensitivity receiver is connected with receiving antenna, receiving antenna includes omnidirectional antenna and directional antenna.
Preferably, the operating range of the omnidirectional antenna comprises a GSM-R frequency band of 900MHz, and the antenna gain is not less than 3 dBi.
Preferably, the working range of the directional antenna comprises a GSM-R frequency band of 900MHz, and the maximum gain of the antenna is not less than 15 dBi.
Preferably, the raspberry group is connected with a touch screen through an onboard hdmi interface, and the raspberry group is connected with the touch screen through an onboard USB interface to provide a power supply for the touch screen.
Preferably, the raspberry pi is provided with a bluetooth and/or WLAN interface and/or a USB interface.
Preferably, raspberry group, high sensitivity receiver and power module set up on unmanned aerial vehicle's fuselage, and receiving antenna lays respectively on unmanned aerial vehicle's fuselage top side, fuselage both sides, ventral, aircraft nose and tail position department.
Preferably, the maximum analysis bandwidth of the high-sensitivity receiver is 20MHz, the average noise level is less than or equal to-135 dBm when an internal preamplifier of the high-sensitivity receiver is closed, and the average noise level is less than or equal to-158 dBm when the internal preamplifier of the high-sensitivity receiver is opened.
The invention further provides an unmanned aerial vehicle airborne GSM-R signal coverage and interference detection positioning method, wherein the unmanned aerial vehicle is provided with an airborne raspberry group, a high-sensitivity receiver, an omnidirectional antenna, a positioning antenna and a power supply module, the omnidirectional antenna is used for carrying out verification test of railway service coverage, and the directional antenna is used for positioning interference signals; signals collected by the omnidirectional antenna and the positioning antenna are input into the raspberry pi through the high-sensitivity receiver for analysis and storage, and parameters of the raspberry pi are input through a touch screen or a WLAN remote control.
Preferably, when the positioning antenna positions the interference signal, the orientation of the directional antenna is changed by controlling the rotation of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the unmanned aerial vehicle flies towards the maximum signal receiving direction of the directional antenna until the position of the interference source is finally determined.
Preferably, when the positioning antenna positions the interference signal, the basic position of the interference signal is estimated according to the maximum receiving field strength of the interference signal received by the omnidirectional antenna, and then the positioning is performed accurately according to the maximum signal receiving direction of the directional antenna.
Compared with the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides an airborne high-sensitivity GSM-R radio signal acquisition platform based on the problems of the current railway communication, fully considering the characteristics of GSM-R services and combining common interference types and radio signal acquisition methods, which can realize the aerial acquisition of GSM-R signals, verify the coverage condition of the base stations along the railway to related services, and monitor and position the existing interference signals in a direction-finding manner to provide guarantee for the normal operation of the related services.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of system modules of an airborne GSM-R signal coverage and interference detection positioning platform of an unmanned aerial vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system module connection of an airborne GSM-R signal coverage and interference detection positioning platform of an unmanned aerial vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of arrangement positions of modules and receiving antennas on the unmanned aerial vehicle according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention builds a high-precision customizable radio receiving monitoring and interference source detection platform on the basis of a high-sensitivity receiver and Raspberry Pi (Raspberry Pi), realizes the aerial acquisition of GSM-R signals, and provides a platform for the coverage verification of the GSM-R signals and the detection and investigation of the interference signals. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the unmanned aerial vehicle is provided with a raspberry pi, a high-sensitivity receiver, a receiving antenna and a power module, the power module is a power supply module of the whole system, the energy of the power module adopted by the unmanned aerial vehicle is about 200Wh, 200W power output is supported, the whole system can work continuously for 120 minutes through actual measurement, if the working time needs to be further prolonged, the energy of the power module can be improved, and the problem that the weight of the whole system is improved due to the energy increase of the power module is considered.
The raspberry group is a data acquisition core of the platform, is mainly responsible for issuing commands, controlling related devices and acquiring data, can be connected with the touch screen through an onboard hdmi interface to indicate the working state of the current system, ensures the convenience in operation of a test site, and can also be temporarily externally connected with Bluetooth, a keyboard, a mouse and the like on the ground for more detailed parameter setting. And remote control can be realized through a WLAN interface, and the received data can be flexibly checked. The power supply is sent by power module's USB interface connection and is provided to the raspberry, and the power of touch-sensitive screen is sent by the raspberry and carries the USB mouth and provide, and when the user adopted remote control mode, can shift out the weight of touch-sensitive screen in order to save the consumption and reduce whole system, avoids surpassing unmanned machine and carries heavy ability.
The high-sensitivity receiver is mainly responsible for receiving related radio signals and is connected with the raspberry group through a USB interface, a specific receiving parameter instruction is issued through a USB port of the raspberry group, the high-sensitivity receiver has the characteristics of high sensitivity and low noise, meanwhile, the maximum analysis bandwidth is 20MHz, when an internal preamplifier of the high-sensitivity receiver is closed, the average noise level is displayed to be less than or equal to-135 dBm, when the internal preamplifier is opened, the average noise level is displayed to be less than or equal to-158 dBm, and signals collected by a receiving antenna are input into the raspberry group through the high-sensitivity receiver through a network port for analysis and storage (figure 2).
The receiving antenna is an important component of the system, the system adopts two antennas, the first antenna is an omnidirectional antenna, the working range of the antenna comprises a GSM-R frequency band of 900MHz, meanwhile, the gain of the antenna is not less than 3dBi, and the antenna is mainly used for verifying and testing service coverage; the second antenna is a directional antenna, the working range of the antenna comprises a GSM-R frequency band of 900MHz, meanwhile, the maximum gain is not less than 15dBi, and the antenna is used for positioning interference signals. The positioning method of the interference source has two types: firstly, the orientation of an antenna is changed by controlling the rotation of the unmanned aerial vehicle during positioning, so that the unmanned aerial vehicle flies towards the maximum signal receiving direction until the position of an interference source is finally determined; secondly, the approximate position of the interference signal is estimated according to the maximum receiving field intensity of the interference signal of the omnidirectional antenna, and then the unmanned aerial vehicle flies towards the maximum signal receiving direction of the directional antenna to further determine accurate positioning.
The position of the invention installed on the unmanned aerial vehicle is shown in fig. 3, fig. 3a is a top view of the unmanned aerial vehicle, fig. 3b is a front view of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the raspberry pi, the high-sensitivity receiver and the power module are installed on the body part of the unmanned aerial vehicle, as indicated by the shadow in fig. 3, the receiving antennas are respectively arranged at 5 positions of the top side of the body, two sides of the body, the belly, the nose and the tail of the unmanned aerial vehicle, as indicated by A, B, C, D, E in fig. 3. The antenna can be compatible with more types of antennas by using the position arrangement antennas, and can be flexibly arranged and erected according to the specific shape characteristics of the antenna.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides an unmanned aerial vehicle machine carries GSM-R signal coverage and interference detection positioning platform, its characterized in that, is including setting up raspberry group, high sensitivity receiver, receiving antenna and the power module on unmanned aerial vehicle, power module is connected with raspberry group and high sensitivity receiver respectively, the raspberry group is connected with the high sensitivity receiver through the USB interface, the high sensitivity receiver is connected with receiving antenna, receiving antenna includes omnidirectional antenna and directional antenna.
2. The unmanned aerial vehicle airborne GSM-R signal coverage and interference detection positioning platform of claim 1, wherein the operating range of the omnidirectional antenna includes a 900MHz GSM-R band and antenna gain is not less than 3 dBi.
3. The unmanned aerial vehicle airborne GSM-R signal coverage and interference detection positioning platform of claim 1, wherein the operating range of the directional antenna includes the 900MHz GSM-R frequency band, and the antenna maximum gain is not less than 15 dBi.
4. The unmanned aerial vehicle airborne GSM-R signal coverage and interference detection positioning platform of claim 1, wherein the raspberry pi is connected with a touch screen through an onboard hdmi interface, and the raspberry pi is connected with the touch screen through an onboard USB interface to provide a power supply for the touch screen.
5. An unmanned aerial vehicle airborne GSM-R signal coverage and interference detection positioning platform as defined in claim 1 or 4, wherein said raspberry pi is provided with a bluetooth and/or WLAN interface and/or a USB interface.
6. The unmanned aerial vehicle airborne GSM-R signal coverage and interference detection positioning platform of claim 1, wherein the raspberry pi, the high sensitivity receiver and the power module are disposed on the airframe of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the receiving antennas are respectively disposed at the top side of the airframe, both sides of the airframe, the belly, the nose and the tail of the unmanned aerial vehicle.
7. An unmanned aerial vehicle on-board GSM-R signal coverage and interference detection positioning platform of claim 1, wherein the maximum analysis bandwidth of the high-sensitivity receiver is 20MHz, the average noise level is less than or equal to-135 dBm when an internal preamplifier of the high-sensitivity receiver is off, and the average noise level is less than or equal to-158 dBm when the internal preamplifier of the high-sensitivity receiver is on.
8. An unmanned aerial vehicle airborne GSM-R signal coverage and interference detection positioning method is characterized in that the unmanned aerial vehicle airborne GSM-R signal coverage and interference detection positioning platform of claim 1 is used for carrying out verification test of railway service coverage through an omnidirectional antenna and positioning interference signals through a directional antenna; signals collected by the omnidirectional antenna and the positioning antenna are input into the raspberry pi through the high-sensitivity receiver for analysis and storage, and parameters of the raspberry pi are input through a touch screen or a WLAN remote control.
9. The method for positioning GSM-R signal coverage and interference detection on board an unmanned aerial vehicle of claim 8, wherein when the positioning antenna positions the interference signal, the orientation of the directional antenna is changed by controlling the rotation of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the unmanned aerial vehicle is made to fly towards the maximum signal receiving direction of the directional antenna until the position of the interference source is finally determined.
10. The method according to claim 8, wherein when the positioning antenna positions the interference signal, the positioning antenna predicts a basic position of the interference signal according to a maximum receiving field strength of the interference signal received by the omnidirectional antenna, and then performs accurate positioning according to a maximum signal receiving direction of the directional antenna.
CN202110310839.5A 2021-03-23 2021-03-23 Unmanned aerial vehicle airborne GSM-R signal coverage and interference detection positioning platform and method Pending CN113068149A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110310839.5A CN113068149A (en) 2021-03-23 2021-03-23 Unmanned aerial vehicle airborne GSM-R signal coverage and interference detection positioning platform and method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110310839.5A CN113068149A (en) 2021-03-23 2021-03-23 Unmanned aerial vehicle airborne GSM-R signal coverage and interference detection positioning platform and method

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN113068149A true CN113068149A (en) 2021-07-02

Family

ID=76561809

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202110310839.5A Pending CN113068149A (en) 2021-03-23 2021-03-23 Unmanned aerial vehicle airborne GSM-R signal coverage and interference detection positioning platform and method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN113068149A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114035214A (en) * 2021-10-25 2022-02-11 中国民航大学 Method for collecting and analyzing aerial radio signals by using unmanned aerial vehicle and software radio

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105015779A (en) * 2014-04-22 2015-11-04 Pc-Tel公司 System, apparatus, and method for the measurement, collection, and analysis of radio signals utilizing unmanned aerial vehicles
CN107567003A (en) * 2016-06-30 2018-01-09 中国电信股份有限公司 Interference detection method and system and aircraft and controller
CN206894900U (en) * 2017-05-12 2018-01-16 中睿通信规划设计有限公司 A kind of base station interference source positioning system
CN207869403U (en) * 2017-12-29 2018-09-14 ***通信集团河北有限公司 Interference source detection device and system
CN108964830A (en) * 2018-05-18 2018-12-07 中通服建设有限公司 A kind of unmanned plane interference positioning system
CN109314868A (en) * 2017-10-24 2019-02-05 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 Interference source localization method, unmanned plane and the computer readable storage medium of base station
CN110361694A (en) * 2019-07-18 2019-10-22 天津市德力电子仪器有限公司 A kind of detection localization method in quick searching 5G signal interference source
CN111800205A (en) * 2020-05-22 2020-10-20 中南民族大学 Unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted wireless communication interference signal detection method

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105015779A (en) * 2014-04-22 2015-11-04 Pc-Tel公司 System, apparatus, and method for the measurement, collection, and analysis of radio signals utilizing unmanned aerial vehicles
CN107567003A (en) * 2016-06-30 2018-01-09 中国电信股份有限公司 Interference detection method and system and aircraft and controller
CN206894900U (en) * 2017-05-12 2018-01-16 中睿通信规划设计有限公司 A kind of base station interference source positioning system
CN109314868A (en) * 2017-10-24 2019-02-05 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 Interference source localization method, unmanned plane and the computer readable storage medium of base station
CN207869403U (en) * 2017-12-29 2018-09-14 ***通信集团河北有限公司 Interference source detection device and system
CN108964830A (en) * 2018-05-18 2018-12-07 中通服建设有限公司 A kind of unmanned plane interference positioning system
CN110361694A (en) * 2019-07-18 2019-10-22 天津市德力电子仪器有限公司 A kind of detection localization method in quick searching 5G signal interference source
CN111800205A (en) * 2020-05-22 2020-10-20 中南民族大学 Unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted wireless communication interference signal detection method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114035214A (en) * 2021-10-25 2022-02-11 中国民航大学 Method for collecting and analyzing aerial radio signals by using unmanned aerial vehicle and software radio
CN114035214B (en) * 2021-10-25 2024-05-24 中国民航大学 Method for collecting and analyzing aerial radio signals by using unmanned aerial vehicle and software radio

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN206922767U (en) A kind of intelligent coordinated radio detection system based on unmanned plane
CN103702336B (en) A kind of assessment method and device of bus or train route interaction wireless network deployment
CN106405491A (en) Unmanned plane monitoring system based on software radio
CN206115696U (en) Wireless geomagnetic vehicle flow detector
CN106332106B (en) Wireless analog signal test system
CN113068149A (en) Unmanned aerial vehicle airborne GSM-R signal coverage and interference detection positioning platform and method
CN109714114A (en) A kind of UAV Communication reconnaissance system
CN102571218A (en) Whole-satellite wireless testing method for a satellite-borne rotatable radio-frequency emission system
CN113038519B (en) Intelligent monitoring system for rail transit train-ground wireless communication and decision tree method
CN206042381U (en) Wireless analog signal test system
CN106452482A (en) Video transmission system based on unmanned aerial vehicle platform
CN207611135U (en) A kind of real-time direction-finding system of no-manned machine distant control signal source
CN106209182A (en) The method realizing communicating between remote seat in the plane, Civil Aviation Airport and airline management center
CN103471468B (en) Universal telecontrol and telemetry system for aviation tow target
CN206878830U (en) Communication base station signal interference detects and alignment system
CN109115041A (en) A kind of frequency hopping tracking unmanned plane counter method based on cognitive radio
CN208314212U (en) Beidou communication module and unmanned plane are automatically positioned communication equipment
CN211603486U (en) Battery detection system based on Beidou satellite communication
CN112835382A (en) 5G base station test system based on unmanned aerial vehicle
CN207704269U (en) A kind of unmanned plane inspection obstacle avoidance module
CN207939523U (en) A kind of monitoring and countermeasurer for unmanned plane
CN107607792A (en) Wireless field density detection method and its system
CN108832994B (en) Radio monitoring system based on helicopter
CN105938191A (en) Secondary radar emission radio frequency assembly function tester apparatus
CN109462854A (en) A kind of test device and method of base station selection

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination