CN113062514B - 一种可见光激发的智能隔热变色的玻璃幕墙*** - Google Patents
一种可见光激发的智能隔热变色的玻璃幕墙*** Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可见光激发的智能隔热变色的玻璃幕墙***,通过在玻璃幕墙外部涂刷变色层实现玻璃幕墙随着外部可见光强度变化而智能调节可见光透过率的效果,涂刷透明隔热层实现大厦内部隔热的效果。本发明公开的玻璃幕墙***包括五个部分,由内至外分别为:内层玻璃幕墙、中空腔体、外层玻璃幕墙、变色层和透明隔热层。最外层的透明隔热涂层能够实现红外光区域和紫外光区域的全部阻隔,实现在红外波段(800‑2500 nm)的100%阻隔,次层变色层在可见光波段(400‑800 nm)能够实现根据光强度变化自动调节透过率,从而实现玻璃幕墙***智能隔热变色的特性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及玻璃幕墙技术领域,尤其涉及一种可见光激发的智能隔热变色的玻璃幕墙***。
背景技术
随着现代工业的迅猛发展,全球对能源的需求与日俱增,由能源消耗引起的温室效应等环境问题日益严重,节能减排已成为当前经济发展的重要任务。据报道,建筑能耗约占总能耗的30%以上,而建筑能耗中用于温度调节能耗约占40-60%,并且这一数值呈逐年递增的趋势,因此降低用于温度调节能耗成为建设绿色节能建筑、缓解环境恶化、推动可持续发展的重要举措之一。降低调温能耗需要增加建筑物结构材料的绝热性能,以减少结构内外能量交换。
玻璃幕墙作为大型建筑***护结构或装饰结构,一般是具有单层或多层玻璃的墙体。在众多的建筑结构中,玻璃幕墙往往是绝热性能最差的部件,也是建筑保温性能的短板,因此,亟需一种具有良好隔热性能的节能玻璃幕墙***。对于玻璃幕墙***,热的传播形式分为热传导和热辐射。本发明中采用双层中空玻璃幕墙结构,玻璃层之间夹着低导热率的空气层,可以有效提高玻璃幕墙对热传导的阻隔效果。另外,在玻璃幕墙外侧涂刷透明隔热层,选择性地吸收太阳光中的红外线来提高玻璃幕墙隔热性能(太阳光中波长在800-2500 nm的红外光能量约占太阳光总能量的50%)。
然而,我们在实际应用中,仅通过对红外线的阻隔对玻璃幕墙隔热性能的提升仍然是不足的。这是由于太阳光中除了红外波段外,可见光波段入射光的辐射能也是热量的重要来源。在某些高海拔地区以及强日照地区,仅含有透明隔热层的玻璃幕墙***仍无法展现出预期的隔热性能。因此,亟需一种能够根据可见光强度变化,能够通过自发调节可见光透过率,来实现智能隔热性能的玻璃幕墙***。
综上所述,新一代节能隔热幕墙***有两方面需求:一是能够对800-2500 nm全谱红外线具有良好阻隔性能,二是能够实现对可见光光线强弱做出智能响应。遗憾的是,目前现有技术中,尚无公开方案能够同时满足该产品全部需求。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明旨在克服现有技术中的缺陷,提出一种可见光激发的智能隔热变色的玻璃幕墙***。
为达到上述目的,本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
一种可见光激发的智能隔热变色的玻璃幕墙***,该玻璃幕墙***包括内层玻璃幕墙、外层玻璃幕墙、变色层和透明隔热层,所述的内层玻璃幕墙位于所述的外层玻璃幕墙的内侧,所述的内层玻璃幕墙与外层玻璃幕墙之间设有中空腔体,所述的变色层位于外层玻璃幕墙的外侧表面,所述的透明隔热层位于所述的变色层的外侧;
所述的透明隔热层包括红外阻隔材料、紫外吸收剂、隔热透明高分子树脂材料与隔热稀释剂;
所述的变色层包括无机变色材料、有机敏化材料、变色促进材料、变色透明高分子树脂材料与变色稀释剂。
进一步,所述的红外阻隔材料、紫外吸收剂、隔热透明高分子树脂材料与隔热稀释剂的质量比为10-30:0.05-5:30-50:30-50。紫外吸收剂用于阻隔紫外线,提高涂层的紫外稳定性。纳米红外阻隔材料与紫外吸收剂复配,实现红外光谱的800-2500 nm全波段100%的阻隔性能。透明高分子树脂材料作为基底材料,用于作为红外阻隔材料和变色材料的载体,在材料和节能玻璃窗之间起到黏附作用,并对材料起到保护作用,隔热透明高分子树脂材料与变色透明高分子树脂材料必须无色透明,具有良好的流平性,适宜的干燥时间,以及完全固化后具有较高的硬度。隔热稀释剂与变色稀释剂用于降低涂层粘度,增加涂层流平性。
优选的,所述的红外阻隔材料、紫外吸收剂、隔热透明高分子树脂材料与隔热稀释剂的质量比为10-20:0.05-1:35-50:35-50。
进一步,所述的无机变色材料、有机敏化材料、变色促进材料、变色透明高分子树脂材料与变色稀释剂的质量比为10-30:0.1-10:0.1-10:30-50:30-50。纳米级无机变色材料具有较低的带隙,能够在紫外光激发下变色。有机敏化材料可以通过配体向金属电荷转移(LMCT)的方式,进一步降低无机变色材料的带隙,是保证无机变色材料能够在可见光照射下变色的关键。变色促进材料本身无变色效果,但能够与无机变色材料以及有机敏化材料发生协同效应,从而大大提高无机变色材料的变色响应速度,最终实现可见光变色。
优选的,所述的无机变色材料、有机敏化材料、变色促进材料、变色透明高分子树脂材料与变色稀释剂的质量比为15-30:0.1-5:0.1-5:35-50:35-50。变色层能够自发地随着周围环境可见光强度的变化调节自身可见光透过率,当光适宜人体感受舒适时,涂层为无色透明;当周围环境光照强度过高造***觉感受不适(例如头晕、目眩)时,或者周围环境温度过高,不适宜有更多光射入时,涂层会发生着色过程,阻隔一部分可见光的射入。该层涂敷于底层,与基底层之间具有良好的粘接力。
进一步,所述的红外阻隔材料为氧化铟锡、氧化锡锑、铝掺氧化锌、铯钨青铜、钾钨青铜、铵钨青铜、六硼化镧、六硼化铕或六硼化镧铕中的至少三种。由于每种红外阻隔材料只能实现对特定波长范围红外光的阻隔,只有包含三种或三种以上上述红外阻隔材料,形成复合纳米红外阻隔材料,才能实现800-2500nm全波段范围内红外光的100%阻隔。
进一步,所述的紫外吸收剂为有机紫外吸收剂或无机紫外吸收剂中的至少一种;所述的有机紫外吸收剂为苯并***类紫外吸收剂、二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂或三嗪类紫外吸收剂中的至少一种;所述的无机紫外吸收剂为纳米氧化锌或纳米氧化钛中的至少一种;所述的隔热稀释剂为水、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、二丙酮醇、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、乙酸己酯、N-甲基吡咯烷酮或二价酸酯中的至少一种;所述的隔热透明高分子树脂材料为丙烯酸树脂、环氧树脂、聚氨酯、氨基树脂、有机硅树脂、有机氟树脂、醇酸树脂、聚酯树脂或上述树脂的改性树脂中的至少一种。
进一步,所述的无机变色材料为氧化钨纳米变色剂或氧化钼纳米变色剂中的至少一种;所述的无机变色材料的粒径小于等于100nm;能够均匀的分散于稀释剂中;所述的有机敏化材料为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、水杨酸、苯磺酸、乙二醇、丙三醇、4,4’-二(氨甲基)联苯或5-磺基水杨酸中的至少一种;所述的变色促进材料为纳米氧化钛。
进一步,所述的变色稀释剂为水、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、二丙酮醇、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、乙酸己酯、N-甲基吡咯烷酮或二价酸酯中的至少一种;所述的变色透明高分子树脂材料为丙烯酸树脂、环氧树脂、聚氨酯、氨基树脂、有机硅树脂、有机氟树脂、醇酸树脂、聚酯树脂或上述树脂的改性树脂中的至少一种。
所述的可见光激发的智能隔热变色的玻璃幕墙***的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)透明隔热层的制备:将红外阻隔材料、紫外吸收剂、透明高分子树脂材料与稀释剂混合后得到红外阻隔料液;
(2)变色层的制备:将无机变色材料、有机敏化材料、变色促进材料、透明高分子树脂材料与稀释剂混合后得到变色层料液;
(3)清洗外侧玻璃幕墙外表面,然后以10-15g/m2的重量将变色层料液刷于所述的外层玻璃幕墙表面,形成变色层,待所述的变色层固化后以15-25g/m2的重量将所述的红外阻隔料液刷于变色层表面,形成透明隔热层,待所述的透明隔热层固化后即成。
本发明的透明隔热层与变色层中除上述材料外,还需添加防沉剂、流平剂、光稳定剂等其他助剂,以市面上常售的助剂为准。
相对于现有技术,本发明具有以下优势:
本发明所述的一种可见光激发的智能隔热变色的玻璃幕墙***,该玻璃幕墙***由内至外分别为:内层玻璃幕墙、中空腔体、外层玻璃幕墙、变色层和透明隔热层,最外层透明隔热层能够实现红外光区域和紫外光区域的全部阻隔,实现在红外波段(800-2500 nm)的100%阻隔;次层变色层能够根据可见光强度自动调节透过率,可见光波段的透过率是依据可见光强度变化而自动改变,可见光强度强,透过率低,可见光强度弱,透过率高,视觉感受更舒适,更人性化,操作方便,易于涂刷。
本发明所述的一种可见光激发的智能隔热变色的玻璃幕墙***结构简单,并且施工方法简单,有益于大规模使用,隔热效果好,变色效果明显,能够广泛应用于大厦的幕墙***。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1所述的玻璃幕墙***在可见光照之前的250-2500nm范围内的透过率光谱图;
图2为本发明实施例1所述的玻璃幕墙***在可见光照之后的250-2500nm范围内的透过率光谱图;
图3为本发明实施例所述的玻璃幕墙***的截面图。
附图标记说明:
1、内层玻璃幕墙;2、外层玻璃幕墙;3、变色层;4、透明隔热层、5、中空腔体。
具体实施方式
除有定义外,以下实施例中所用的技术术语具有与本发明所属领域技术人员普遍理解的相同含义。以下实施例中所用的试验试剂,如无特殊说明,均为常规生化试剂;所述实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下面结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
实施例1
一种可见光激发的智能隔热变色的玻璃幕墙***,选取红外阻隔材料:六硼化镧、铯钨青铜、氧化铟锡以1:1:1的质量比添加,各量取1g,丙烯酸树脂10g,水10g,防沉剂0.1g,流平剂0.05g,紫外吸收剂0.1g,光稳定剂0.1g,将以上材料搅拌均匀后放入高速剪切机内高速混合,混合均匀后得到红外阻隔料液;
选取无机变色材料:氧化钨、氧化钼以1:1的质量比添加,各量取1g,变色促进剂氧化钛0.5g,有机敏化剂5-磺基水杨酸0.2g,丙烯酸树脂10g,水10g,流平剂0.05g,将以上材料搅拌均匀后放入高速剪切机内高速混合,混合均匀后得到变色层料液。
将变色层料液以15g/m2的量用滚刷延一个方向均匀刷到外层玻璃幕墙外表面,两天后涂层彻底固化;然后再以25g/m2的量将红外阻隔料液刷在变色层的表面,固化后得到蓝绿色透明涂层。使用隔热仪测试,该涂层的紫外阻隔率100%,红外阻隔率100%,可见光透过率70%。,该涂层在250-2500nm范围内的透光率光谱图如图1所示,在小于380nm的紫外光部分和大于800nm的红外光部分实现全部阻隔,而在可见光部分(380-800nm)尽可能保证了高透过率,平均透光率约为70%。然后从早晨随着阳光强度的增加,涂层的颜色逐渐加深,到正午时,使用隔热仪测试,该涂层的紫外阻隔率100%,红外阻隔率100%,可见光透过率50%。该涂层在250-2500nm范围内的透光率光谱图如图2所示,在小于380nm的紫外光部分和大于800nm的红外光部分保持全部阻隔,而在可见光部分(380-800nm)由于周围高强度光的照射,变色层发生光致变色,可见光部分透过率下降,主要体现在蓝光波段(500-800nm)的透过率明显下降,可见光区平均透光率约为50%。
如图3所示,一种可见光激发的智能隔热变色的玻璃幕墙***,该玻璃幕墙***包括内层玻璃幕墙1、外层玻璃幕墙2、变色层3和透明隔热层4,所述的内层玻璃幕墙1位于所述的外层玻璃幕墙2的内侧,所述的内层玻璃幕墙1与外层玻璃幕墙2之间设有中空腔体5,所述的变色层3位于外层玻璃幕墙2的外侧表面,所述的透明隔热层4位于所述的变色层3的外侧。
实施例2
一种可见光激发的智能隔热变色的玻璃幕墙***,选取红外阻隔材料:六硼化镧、铯钨青铜、氧化锡锑以1:1:1的质量比添加,各量取1g,有机硅树脂10g,丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯10g,紫外吸收剂0.1g,光稳定剂0.1g,将以上材料搅拌均匀后放入高速剪切机内高速混合,混合均匀后得到红外阻隔料液;
选取无机变色材料:氧化钨、氧化钼以1:1的质量比添加,各量取1g,变色促进剂氧化钛1g,有机敏化剂丙三醇0.5g,有机硅树脂10g,丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯10g,流平剂0.05g,将以上材料搅拌均匀后放入高速剪切机内高速混合,混合均匀后得到变色层料液。
将变色层料液以15g/m2的量用滚刷延一个方向均匀刷到外层玻璃幕墙外表面,两小时后涂层彻底固化;然后再以25g/m2的量将红外阻隔料液刷在变色层的表面,固化后得到蓝绿色透明涂层。使用隔热仪测试,该涂层的紫外阻隔率100%,红外阻隔率100%,可见光透过率70%。然后从早晨随着阳光强度的增加,涂层的颜色逐渐加深,到正午时,使用隔热仪测试,该涂层的紫外阻隔率100%,红外阻隔率100%,可见光透过率50%。
一种可见光激发的智能隔热变色的玻璃幕墙***同实施例1。
实施例3
一种可见光激发的智能隔热变色的玻璃幕墙***,选取红外阻隔材料:六硼化镧、六硼化镧铕、铝掺氧化锌以1:1:1的质量比添加,各量取1g,有机硅树脂10g,丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯10g,紫外吸收剂0.1g,光稳定剂0.1g,将以上材料搅拌均匀后放入高速剪切机内高速混合,混合均匀后得到红外阻隔料液。
选取无机变色材料:氧化钨量取3g,变色促进剂氧化钛1g,有机敏化剂丙三醇0.5g,有机硅树脂10g,丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯10g,流平剂0.05g,将以上材料搅拌均匀后放入高速剪切机内高速混合,混合均匀后得到变色层料液。
将变色层料液以15g/m2的量用滚刷延一个方向均匀刷到外层玻璃幕墙外表面,两小时后涂层彻底固化;然后再以25g/m2的量将红外阻隔料液刷在变色层的表面,固化后得到蓝绿色透明涂层。使用隔热仪测试,该涂层的紫外阻隔100%,红外阻隔率90%,可见光透过率70%。然后从早晨随着阳光强度的增加,涂层的颜色逐渐加深,到正午时,使用隔热仪测试,该涂层的紫外阻隔率100%,红外阻隔率90%,可见光透过率60%。
一种可见光激发的智能隔热变色的玻璃幕墙***同实施例1。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种可见光激发的智能隔热变色的玻璃幕墙***,其特征在于:该玻璃幕墙***包括内层玻璃幕墙、外层玻璃幕墙、变色层和透明隔热层,所述的内层玻璃幕墙位于所述的外层玻璃幕墙的内侧,所述的内层玻璃幕墙与外层玻璃幕墙之间设有中空腔体,所述的变色层位于外层玻璃幕墙的外侧表面,所述的透明隔热层位于所述的变色层的外侧;
所述的变色层包括无机变色材料、有机敏化材料、变色促进材料、变色透明高分子树脂材料与变色稀释剂;
所述的无机变色材料、有机敏化材料、变色促进材料、变色透明高分子树脂材料与变色稀释剂的质量比为15-30:0.1-5:0.1-5:35-50:35-50;
所述的无机变色材料为质量为1:1的氧化钨、氧化钼;所述的无机变色材料的粒径小于等于100nm;所述的有机敏化材料为5-磺基水杨酸;所述的变色促进材料为纳米氧化钛;
所述的透明隔热层包括红外阻隔材料、紫外吸收剂、隔热透明高分子树脂材料与隔热稀释剂;
所述的红外阻隔材料、紫外吸收剂、隔热透明高分子树脂材料与隔热稀释剂的质量比为10-20:0.05-1:35-50:35-50;
所述的红外阻隔材料为质量比为1:1:1的六硼化镧、铯钨青铜、氧化铟锡。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可见光激发的智能隔热变色的玻璃幕墙***,其特征在于:所述的紫外吸收剂为有机紫外吸收剂或无机紫外吸收剂中的至少一种;所述的有机紫外吸收剂为苯并***类紫外吸收剂、二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂或三嗪类紫外吸收剂中的至少一种;所述的无机紫外吸收剂为纳米氧化锌或纳米氧化钛中的至少一种;所述的隔热稀释剂为水、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、二丙酮醇、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、乙酸己酯、N-甲基吡咯烷酮或二价酸酯中的至少一种;所述的隔热透明高分子树脂材料为丙烯酸树脂、环氧树脂、聚氨酯、氨基树脂、有机硅树脂、有机氟树脂、醇酸树脂、聚酯树脂或上述树脂的改性树脂中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的可见光激发的智能隔热变色的玻璃幕墙***,其特征在于:所述的变色稀释剂为水、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、二丙酮醇、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、乙酸己酯、N-甲基吡咯烷酮或二价酸酯中的至少一种;所述的变色透明高分子树脂材料为丙烯酸树脂、环氧树脂、聚氨酯、氨基树脂、有机硅树脂、有机氟树脂、醇酸树脂、聚酯树脂或上述树脂的改性树脂中的至少一种。
4.权利要求1-3中任一项所述的可见光激发的智能隔热变色的玻璃幕墙***的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
(1)透明隔热层的制备:将红外阻隔材料、紫外吸收剂、隔热透明高分子树脂材料与隔热稀释剂混合后得到红外阻隔料液;
(2)变色层的制备:将无机变色材料、有机敏化材料、变色促进材料、变色透明高分子树脂材料与变色稀释剂混合后得到变色层料液;
(3)清洗外侧玻璃幕墙外表面,然后以10-15g/m2的重量将变色层料液刷于所述的外层玻璃幕墙表面,形成变色层,待所述的变色层固化后以15-25g/m2的重量将所述的红外阻隔料液刷于变色层表面,形成透明隔热层,待所述的透明隔热层固化后即成。
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