CN113060834B - Biological denitrification method and system starting method for domestic sewage - Google Patents
Biological denitrification method and system starting method for domestic sewage Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A domestic sewage biological denitrification method and a system starting method, which relate to a sewage treatment method and a system starting method. The denitrification method of the invention comprises the following steps: introducing the domestic sewage into the started domestic sewage biological denitrification treatment system for denitrification treatment; DO control is less than 0.5mg/L in the denitrification treatment operation process. The starting method comprises the following steps: firstly, placing denitrified granular sludge in an EGSB reactor reaction zone, introducing considered set artificial inlet water for running, and controlling DO to gradually increase NLR in stages; secondly, introducing simulated sewage for operation until the relative abundance of NOB is less than 1%; and thirdly, introducing actual domestic sewage to realize the stable operation of the complete autotrophic nitrogen removal process. The biological denitrification method for domestic sewage has low operation cost and low starting cost, is convenient for upgrading and reconstructing sewage plants, and is easier to realize. Moreover, the method is not influenced by the temperature fluctuation of the domestic sewage, and has excellent denitrification effect at a lower temperature of 10-28 ℃.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a sewage treatment method and a system starting method.
Background
Aiming at nitrogen source pollution in municipal sewage, the conventional biological denitrification process based on nitrification and denitrification processes is mostly adopted for treatment at present, and the processes are widely applied to the municipal sewage treatment. However, as wastewater discharge standards increase, the conventional denitrification process also exposes its own deficiencies. For example: the multi-stage processing system has high capital construction cost; a large amount of carbon sources are required to be added in the denitrification process, so that the operating cost of a water plant is increased; the excess sludge yield is high, and the treatment cost is further improved; more greenhouse gases are generated in the denitrification process, which is not beneficial to sustainable development.
The Anammox process means that anamox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria) respectively reacts with NH under anaerobic condition4 +N (ammoniacal nitrogen) and NO2 -N (nitrite nitrogen) as its electron donor reacts with the electron acceptor, ultimately generating nitrogen. Compared with the traditional biological denitrification process, the process has the advantages of multiple aspects: (1) organic matters are not required to be added as a carbon source, so that the cost is saved, and secondary pollution is avoided; (2) the oxygen consumption is greatly reduced, and the energy consumption and operation cost are reduced; (3) the anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria belong to autotrophic bacteria, the growth rate is not high, and the output of the excess sludge is greatly reduced. However, the nitrite nitrogen required by anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria is extremely low in the actual urban sewage, so that the growth requirement of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria cannot be met. Therefore, in practical application, nitrosation is usually realized by enriching Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria (AOB) so as to complete the stabilization of nitrite nitrogenWith constant accumulation, researchers refer to this nitrosation and anammox coupled process system as a fully autotrophic denitrification process. The completely autotrophic denitrification process has already realized engineering application for treating wastewater with high ammonia nitrogen (200-1500 mg/L) and low carbon-nitrogen ratio in a side stream, for example: sludge digestion liquid, garbage percolate, potato wastewater, monosodium glutamate wastewater and the like. The wastewater has water quality characteristics which can be well matched with the growth characteristics of autotrophic denitrification functional bacteria, such as higher free ammonia concentration caused by high ammonia nitrogen concentration, and can effectively inhibit complete autotrophic denitrification interfering flora, namely NOB (nitrite oxidizing bacteria); in addition, the wastewater is usually pretreated by anaerobic digestion, the water temperature is higher, and even after being cooled, the temperature can still reach more than 30 ℃, which is also the suitable growth range of AOB and AnAOB; and the pH of the wastewater usually has weak alkaline characteristics and is also very suitable for the growth of the AnAOB.
However, how to further apply the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal process to the treatment of mainstream domestic sewage with lower temperature and lower ammonia nitrogen concentration is a research difficulty in the field. On one hand, the ammonia nitrogen concentration range of the domestic sewage is generally 30-50 mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is low, free ammonia hardly reaches the concentration level which can be inhibited under the low ammonia nitrogen concentration, the nitrosation process is difficult to stabilize, the rapid proliferation of NOB destroys the reaction path of autotrophic nitrogen removal, and NO obtained by oxidizing AOB2 -Direct conversion of-N to nitrate Nitrogen (NO)3 --N); on the other hand, the proliferation of the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal functional bacteria, especially the AnAOB, is not facilitated by the lower temperature (10-28 ℃) and the low substrate concentration, and the overall nitrogen removal efficiency is deteriorated. Therefore, it is important to ensure the efficient and stable activity of AOB and AnAOB and to effectively inhibit NOB, but the prior art cannot achieve the above-mentioned goal.
Meanwhile, organic matters with certain concentration are inevitably remained in the domestic sewage, heterotrophic bacteria are inevitably generated in the water treatment system, and the problem to be solved is how to regulate and control the heterotrophic bacteria, so that the system can run more stably while the main stream autotrophic nitrogen removal process is not influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a domestic sewage biological denitrification method and a system starting method, which aim to solve the problems pointed out in the background technology.
The biological denitrification method of the domestic sewage comprises the following steps: introducing the domestic sewage into the started domestic sewage biological denitrification treatment system for denitrification treatment; DO (dissolved oxygen) control during denitrification operation is less than 0.5 mg/L.
The starting method of the domestic sewage biological denitrification treatment system comprises the following steps:
firstly, placing denitrified granular sludge in an EGSB reactor reaction zone, and introducing the denitrified granular sludge with the pH value of 7.8-8.0, the temperature of 30 +/-2 ℃ and the NLR of 0.24kgN (m)3·d)±0.01kgN(m3D) manual water-in operation with DO (dissolved oxygen) control during operation<0.3mg/L, gradually increasing NLR (nitrogen volume loading rate) in stages; until the ammonia nitrogen removal rate and the total nitrogen removal rate of effluent reach more than 90 percent and 80 percent respectively, the ratio of the ammonia nitrogen removal amount to the total nitrogen removal amount is more than or equal to 0.88, the ratio of the nitrate nitrogen generation amount to the ammonia nitrogen removal amount is less than or equal to 0.11, and the relative abundance of NOB is less than 1 percent;
secondly, introducing pH value of 7.8-8.0 and NLR of 0.24kgN (m) into the EGSB reactor3·d)±0.01kgN(m3D) simulated sewage operation, DO control during operation<0.3mg/L, if the nitrate nitrogen production amount/ammonia nitrogen removal amount in the operation process is higher than 0.11, reducing DO until the relative abundance of NOB is less than 1%;
thirdly, under the condition of not changing the temperature of the actual domestic sewage, introducing the actual domestic sewage into the EGSB reactor to operate for 3 +/-0.2 months, and realizing the stable operation of the complete autotrophic nitrogen removal process through conventional regulation and control, namely completing the system start;
in the first step, gradually increasing NLR in stages and reducing DO;
in the step one, the artificial inflow is tap water mixed with nitrogen source pollutants;
and step two, the simulated sewage is artificial influent water added with organic matters, and the concentration of the organic matters in the simulated sewage is 40 mg/L.
The biological denitrification method for domestic sewage has low operation cost and low starting cost, is convenient for upgrading and reconstructing sewage plants, and is easier to realize. Moreover, the method is not influenced by the temperature fluctuation of the domestic sewage, and has excellent denitrification effect at a lower temperature of 10-28 ℃.
The starting method of the domestic sewage biological denitrification treatment system adopts a combined control strategy of anoxic environment, heterotrophic flora introduction and load regulation. The starting method of the domestic sewage biological denitrification treatment system comprises the step I of stimulating the AOB growth on the surface of AnAOB granular sludge through micro-aerobic aeration, so that the AOB and the AnAOB are integrally coupled. By adjusting HRT and water inlet load, part of ammonia nitrogen in the inlet water is converted into nitrite nitrogen by AOB on the outer layer of the granular sludge; and then the residual ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen enter the inner layer of the granular sludge, are removed by the ANAOB together and are converted into nitrogen. Endogenous heterotrophic bacteria which are symbiotic with AnAOB in a complete autotrophic denitrification or anaerobic ammonium oxidation system exist, and partial strains in Chlorobiomycetes and Chlorobiomycetes can assist in forming autotrophic denitrification granular sludge. When the organic matter supply in the system is insufficient, exogenous heterotrophic bacteria (mainly heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria) and autotrophic denitrification bacteria can remove nitrogen, even carbon and phosphorus simultaneously. The continuous inhibition of NOB is realized by controlling dissolved oxygen under the condition of low ammonia nitrogen concentration water inflow (30-50 mg/L) and combining with regulation and control of water inflow load, and meanwhile, the good synergistic effect of AOB and AnAOB is ensured; after the complete autotrophic nitrogen removal functional bacteria are dominant, low-concentration organic matters are introduced to stimulate the growth of heterotrophic bacteria to a certain extent, so that the adaptability of the autotrophic bacteria to subsequent actual domestic sewage can be enhanced, and the biodiversity and the reactor operation efficiency are enhanced on the basis of the dominant complete autotrophic nitrogen removal way. The invention realizes the situation that multi-way denitrification, namely a novel biological denitrification way, is dominant, and the traditional biological denitrification way is auxiliary, thereby ensuring the diversity of system organisms and ensuring the stability of the efficiency more easily.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a trinitrogen concentration profile for water in and out of example 1 using a single DO regulation strategy.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, but includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: the biological denitrification method for domestic sewage of the embodiment comprises the following steps: introducing the domestic sewage into the started domestic sewage biological denitrification treatment system for denitrification treatment; DO (dissolved oxygen) control during denitrification operation is less than 0.5 mg/L.
The biological denitrification treatment system for domestic sewage in the embodiment adopts the granular sludge expanded bed reactor to treat the domestic sewage. The granular sludge in the domestic sewage biological denitrification treatment system of the embodiment is formed by enriching AOB and AnAOB, wherein the outer layer of the granular sludge is AOB, the inner layer of the granular sludge is AnAOB, and the AOB is more prone to gather on the outer layer of the sludge to obtain oxygen due to higher affinity of the AOB to the oxygen, and the inner layer of the sludge is an anaerobic zone through consumption of the AOB on the surface layer, so that the system is suitable for growth of the AnAOB and can realize stable growth of the AnAOB.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that: the denitrification hydraulic retention time is 2-6 h. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the starting method of the domestic sewage biological denitrification treatment system comprises the following steps:
firstly, placing denitrified granular sludge in an EGSB reactor reaction zone, and introducing the denitrified granular sludge with the pH value of 7.8-8.0, the temperature of 30 +/-2 ℃ and the NLR of 0.24kgN (m)3·d)±0.01kgN(m3D) manual water-in operation with DO (dissolved oxygen) control during operation<0.3mg/L, gradually increasing NLR (nitrogen volume loading rate) in stages; until the ammonia nitrogen removal rate and the total nitrogen removal rate of effluent reach more than 90 percent and 80 percent respectively, the ratio of the ammonia nitrogen removal amount to the total nitrogen removal amount is more than or equal to 0.88, the ratio of the nitrate nitrogen generation amount to the ammonia nitrogen removal amount is less than or equal to 0.11, and the relative abundance of NOB is less than 1 percent;
secondly, introducing pH value of 7.8-8.0 and NLR of 0.24kgN (m) into the EGSB reactor3·d)±0.01kgN(m3D) simulated sewage operation, DO control during operation<0.3mg/L, if the nitrate nitrogen production amount/ammonia nitrogen removal amount in the operation process is higher than 0.11, reducing DO until the relative abundance of NOB is less than 1%;
thirdly, under the condition of not changing the temperature of the actual domestic sewage, introducing the actual domestic sewage into the EGSB reactor to operate for 3 +/-0.2 months, and realizing the stable operation of the complete autotrophic nitrogen removal process through conventional regulation and control, namely completing the system start;
in the first step, gradually increasing NLR in stages and reducing DO;
in the step one, the artificial inflow is tap water mixed with nitrogen source pollutants;
and step two, the simulated sewage is artificial influent water added with organic matters, and the concentration of the organic matters in the simulated sewage is 40 mg/L.
The conventional regulation in step three comprises that DO is controlled below 0.5mg/L, and the water inlet load needs to be maintained at 0.48kgN (m)3D), left and right, etc.
In the second step of the embodiment, the temperature of the simulated sewage does not need to be regulated.
And step one, gradually increasing NLR in stages by adopting a method for reducing DO, and if NOB is still not obviously inhibited, closing an air pump and bringing a small amount of air into a system through the backflow of a transparent plastic latex tube.
The AOB and the AnAOB are simultaneously enriched in the outer layer and the inner layer of the granular sludge, the outer layer of AOB can convert part of ammonia nitrogen into nitrite nitrogen, and the inhibition effect of excessive DO permeation on the AnAOB is prevented while a reaction matrix is provided for the inner layer of AnAOB. The whole starting system is controlled in an anoxic environment, and compared with the prior art, the running cost is further reduced. Moreover, the embodiment ensures the advantage of AOB by regulating and controlling the water inlet load, and simultaneously limits the available dissolved oxygen of NOB (can also combine with the addition of a biological inhibitor, namely hydrazine), thereby realizing the continuous inhibition of NOB. The embodiment properly introduces and stimulates the activity of the heterotrophic flora while ensuring the dominant position of the autotrophic functional flora, realizes the continuous inhibition effect on NOB, enhances the biological diversity of the system, has limited available nitrogen source and carbon source for the heterotrophic bacteria in the system, does not overgrow to occupy the ecological position of the autotrophic flora, and can ensure the stable operation of the complete autotrophic deamination.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from the third embodiment in that: the denitrification granular sludge realizes stable transportation under the condition of high ammonia nitrogen concentration in the complete autotrophic denitrification processGranular sludge with high ammonia nitrogen concentration of NH4 +N is more than or equal to 140 mg/L. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the third embodiment.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the third or fourth embodiment in that: HRT (hydraulic retention time) in the operation process of the first step and the second step is controlled to be 2-6 h. The other steps and parameters are the same as those of the third or fourth embodiment.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and the third, fourth or fifth embodiment is that: in the step one, the amplitude of gradually increasing NLR in stages is 0.12kg N (m)3D). The other steps and parameters are the same as those of embodiment three, four or five.
The seventh embodiment: the present embodiment differs from one of the third to sixth embodiments in that: and step three, the temperature of the actual domestic sewage is 10-30 ℃. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the third to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the present embodiment differs from one of the third to seventh embodiments in that: reducing DO (dissolved oxygen) and not reaching the standards that the ammonia nitrogen removal rate and the total nitrogen removal rate of effluent respectively reach more than 90% and 80%, the ratio of ammonia nitrogen removal amount/total nitrogen removal amount is more than or equal to 0.88, the ratio of nitrate nitrogen generation amount/ammonia nitrogen removal amount is less than or equal to 0.11, and the relative abundance of NOB is less than 1%, and adding a biological inhibitor; the biological inhibitor is hydrazine. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the third to seventh embodiments.
The dosage of the biological inhibitor is 5mg/L, and the sewage treatment cost per cubic meter is only increased by 0.015 yuan.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment differs from the third to eighth embodiments in that: after DO is reduced, if the nitrate nitrogen production/ammonia nitrogen removal amount is higher than 0.11 and the relative abundance of NOB is more than 1%, adding a biological inhibitor; the biological inhibitor is hydrazine. Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the third to eighth embodiments.
The dosage of the biological inhibitor of the embodiment is 5 mg/L.
Example 1 Start-Up method
Dissolved oxygen control
Firstly, placing denitrified granular sludge in an EGSB reactor reaction zone, introducing artificial inlet water with the pH value of 7.8-8.0, the temperature of 30 +/-2 ℃ and the inlet water ammonia nitrogen set to be 30-50 mg/L for operation, controlling DO (dissolved oxygen) to be less than 0.3mg/L in the operation process, and keeping the denitrified hydraulic retention time to be 2-6 h;
secondly, introducing actual domestic sewage into the EGSB reactor, and running for 3 months to finish starting;
in the step one, the artificial inflow is tap water mixed with nitrogen source pollutants.
The tri-nitrogen concentration of inlet and outlet water in the system operation after the start-up of example 1 is shown in fig. 1. Test results show that if a DO (less than 0.3mg/L) regulation strategy is simply adopted, the stable operation effect of the complete autotrophic nitrogen removal process is difficult to obtain, and the effluent nitrate nitrogen is obviously improved under the long-term operation. The dissolved oxygen is singly regulated, and based on the higher affinity of AOB to the dissolved oxygen, the growth of NOB can be limited theoretically by the control of the low-oxygen environment, but in example 1, under the low ammonia nitrogen concentration, certain species of NOB can be well adapted to the anoxic environment, and the system can be collapsed again by excessive growth of the NOB under the long-term operation. Because DO is measured in real time, but the DO utilization degree of AOB and NOB cannot be reflected, the judgment of the nitrosation stability degree by simply relying on low dissolved oxygen is easily misled.
Example 2 startup method
Adding biological inhibitor
Compared with NOB, AOB can restore activity faster and realize nitrosation stability in small-scale experiments under the adverse environment of adding the biological inhibitor by starting by adopting the conventional technical means of adding the biological inhibitor, but the treatment effect of pilot plant test or larger scale needs to be further verified.
The start-up cost of this example is about 10 ten thousand yuan (again, only for small scale experiments), which is too high compared to the application cost of the present invention.
Example 3
Domestic sewage is introduced into a domestic sewage biological denitrification treatment system started according to the method of the invention for denitrification treatment; DO control is less than 0.5mg/L in the denitrification treatment operation process. The result shows that under the conditions of temperature fluctuation and organic matter existence, the complete autotrophic nitrogen removal system is still stable and efficient, and the ammonia nitrogen removal rate is 80.7 +/-1.7% within the range of the domestic sewage inlet water temperature of 10-19 ℃; the ammonia nitrogen removal rate is 86.1 +/-4.4% within the range of the domestic sewage inlet water temperature of 20-23 ℃; the ammonia nitrogen removal rate is 91.3 +/-2.6% within the range of the domestic sewage inlet water temperature of 24-28 ℃.
Claims (9)
1. The starting method of the domestic sewage biological denitrification treatment system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, placing the denitrification granular sludge in an EGSB reactor reaction zone, introducing manual water inflow operation with the pH value of 7.8-8.0, the temperature of 30 +/-2 ℃ and the NLR of 0.24kg N/(mth. d) +/-0.01 kg N/(mth. d), wherein DO control is less than 0.3mg/L in the operation process, and gradually increasing the NLR stage by stage; until the ammonia nitrogen removal rate and the total nitrogen removal rate of effluent reach more than 90 percent and 80 percent respectively, the ratio of the ammonia nitrogen removal amount to the total nitrogen removal amount is more than or equal to 0.88, the ratio of the nitrate nitrogen generation amount to the ammonia nitrogen removal amount is less than or equal to 0.11, and the relative abundance of NOB is less than 1 percent;
secondly, introducing simulated sewage with the pH value of 7.8-8.0 and the NLR of 0.24kg N/(m-d) + -0.01 kg N/(m-d) into the EGSB reactor for operation, wherein DO is controlled to be less than 0.3mg/L in the operation process, and if the nitrate nitrogen production amount/ammonia nitrogen removal amount is higher than 0.11 in the operation process, the DO is reduced until the relative abundance of NOB is less than 1%;
thirdly, under the condition of not changing the temperature of the actual domestic sewage, introducing the actual domestic sewage into the EGSB reactor to operate for 3 +/-0.2 months, and realizing the stable operation of the complete autotrophic nitrogen removal process through conventional regulation and control, namely completing the system start;
step one, gradually increasing NLR in stages by adopting a method of reducing DO;
in the step one, the artificial inflow is tap water mixed with nitrogen source pollutants, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the artificial inflow is 30-50 mg/L;
and step two, the simulated sewage is artificial influent water added with organic matters, and the concentration of the organic matters in the simulated sewage is 40 mg/L.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the denitrification granular sludge is a granular sludge that can be stably operated in a completely autotrophic denitrification process with high ammonia nitrogen concentration (NH)4 +-N≥140mg/L。
3. The starting method of the biological denitrification treatment system for domestic sewage according to claim 1, wherein the HRT is controlled to be 2-6 hours in the operation process of the first step and the second step.
4. The method for starting a biological sewage denitrification system according to claim 1, wherein the NLR is gradually promoted in the first step in a split-stage manner to have a magnitude of 0.12kg N/(mStent-d).
5. The starting method of the biological denitrification treatment system for domestic sewage according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the actual domestic sewage in the third step is 10-30 ℃.
6. The starting method of the biological denitrification treatment system for domestic sewage according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, if DO is reduced and the ammonia nitrogen removal rate and the total nitrogen removal rate of the effluent cannot be respectively over 90% and 80%, and the ratio of the ammonia nitrogen removal amount/the total nitrogen removal amount is not less than 0.88, the ratio of the nitrate nitrogen production amount/the ammonia nitrogen removal amount is not more than 0.11, and the relative abundance of NOB is less than 1%, a biological inhibitor is added; the biological inhibitor is hydrazine.
7. The method for starting a biological nitrogen removal treatment system for domestic sewage according to claim 1, wherein after DO is reduced in the second step, if the production amount/ammonia nitrogen removal amount of nitrate nitrogen is higher than 0.11 and the relative abundance of NOB is more than 1%, a biological inhibitor is added; the biological inhibitor is hydrazine.
8. The method for biologically denitrifying domestic sewage by using the treatment system started by the starting method of claim 1, which is characterized in that the domestic sewage is introduced into the started biological denitrification treatment system for denitrifying treatment; DO control is less than 0.5mg/L in the denitrification treatment operation process.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the HRT for denitrification treatment is 2-6 h.
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