CN113054889A - System for generating hydrogen by utilizing abandoned wind and abandoned light - Google Patents
System for generating hydrogen by utilizing abandoned wind and abandoned light Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113054889A CN113054889A CN202110445264.8A CN202110445264A CN113054889A CN 113054889 A CN113054889 A CN 113054889A CN 202110445264 A CN202110445264 A CN 202110445264A CN 113054889 A CN113054889 A CN 113054889A
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- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- liquid
- power generation
- anode
- generation system
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 246
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 192
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 136
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910020830 Sn-Bi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018728 Sn—Bi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 37
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 19
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 13
- IOGARICUVYSYGI-UHFFFAOYSA-K azanium (4-oxo-1,3,2-dioxalumetan-2-yl) carbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O IOGARICUVYSYGI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 10
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 5
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 hydroxyl ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- WPUINVXKIPAAHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[K+] WPUINVXKIPAAHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001679 gibbsite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
- UHNWOJJPXCYKCG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium oxalate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O UHNWOJJPXCYKCG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium oxalate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229940039790 sodium oxalate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009461 vacuum packaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910003271 Ni-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-OUBTZVSYSA-N aluminium-28 atom Chemical compound [28Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001632 barium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JWVAUCBYEDDGAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth tin Chemical compound [Sn].[Bi] JWVAUCBYEDDGAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000011221 initial treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
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- LUMVCLJFHCTMCV-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;hydroxide;hydrate Chemical compound O.[OH-].[K+] LUMVCLJFHCTMCV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
- H02S10/10—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power including a supplementary source of electric power, e.g. hybrid diesel-PV energy systems
- H02S10/12—Hybrid wind-PV energy systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
- F03D9/19—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing chemical energy, e.g. using electrolysis
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0656—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by electrochemical means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
Abstract
The invention discloses a system for generating hydrogen by utilizing abandoned wind and abandoned light. The new energy power generation system in the system comprises a wind power generation system, a photovoltaic power generation system and a three-layer liquid energy storage system; electrolyzing in an aluminum electrolytic cell to obtain liquid aluminum and release oxygen; the liquid aluminum is used for preparing an aluminum anode plate or aluminum powder; the aluminum air battery power generation system takes an aluminum anode plate as an anode to generate power, releases hydrogen and generates a byproduct aluminum oxide to be used as a raw material of an aluminum electrolytic cell; the aluminum powder is hydrolyzed to release hydrogen and generate a byproduct of aluminum oxide to be used as a raw material of the aluminum electrolysis cell; the fuel cell power generation system takes oxygen released by the aluminum electrolysis cell, the aluminum-air cell power generation system and hydrogen released by aluminum powder hydrolysis as raw materials to generate power and generates byproduct water as a raw material for aluminum powder hydrolysis; the new energy power generation system is electrically connected with the aluminum electrolytic cell and equipment for preparing the aluminum anode plate or the aluminum powder by preparing liquid aluminum respectively. The invention utilizes the abandoned wind and abandoned light to generate hydrogen, thereby improving the absorption capacity of wind power and photovoltaic power.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of renewable energy application, in particular to a system for generating hydrogen by utilizing abandoned wind and abandoned light.
Background
At present, in western regions such as Xinjiang and inner Mongolia in China, the wind energy and solar energy resources are rich, and the development speed of wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation is extremely high. Wind power is different from thermal power, hydropower and nuclear power, has the characteristics of strong intermittence, large fluctuation and the like, and the grid connection of the wind power and the photovoltaic power has obvious negative influences on the power angle stability, the frequency stability, the voltage stability, the system standby, the electric energy quality and the like of a power grid, so that the influences become main obstacles for the development of the wind power and the photovoltaic power, and the difficulty in the consumption of the wind power and the photovoltaic power is solved. The phenomenon of wind and light abandonment is serious, which causes investment waste.
After wind power and photovoltaic power are on line, because the safety of a national power grid is guaranteed, particularly at midnight, wind energy generates large electric energy, the wind cannot be on line, wind needs to be abandoned, and light needs to be abandoned at daytime, so that the technical problem of how to consume the wind power and the photovoltaic power is needed to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide a system for generating hydrogen by using abandoned wind and abandoned light to improve the capability of absorbing wind power and photovoltaic power.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a system for generating hydrogen by utilizing wind-abandoning and light-abandoning power comprises: the system comprises a new energy power generation system, an aluminum electrolysis cell, an aluminum air cell power generation system and a fuel cell power generation system;
the new energy power generation system comprises a wind power generation system, a photovoltaic power generation system and a three-layer liquid energy storage system;
the aluminum electrolysis cell is used for electrolyzing aluminum oxide serving as a raw material to obtain liquid aluminum and releasing oxygen; the liquid aluminum is used for preparing an aluminum anode plate or aluminum powder;
the aluminum air battery power generation system is used for generating power by taking the aluminum anode plate as an anode, releasing hydrogen and generating a byproduct aluminum oxide as a raw material of the aluminum electrolytic cell;
the aluminum powder is used for hydrolyzing to release hydrogen and generating a byproduct aluminum oxide to be used as a raw material of the aluminum electrolytic cell;
the fuel cell power generation system is used for generating power by taking oxygen released by the aluminum electrolysis cell, hydrogen released by the aluminum air cell power generation system and hydrogen released by hydrolysis of the aluminum powder as raw materials and generating byproduct water serving as a raw material for hydrolysis of the aluminum powder;
the new energy power generation system is electrically connected with the aluminum electrolytic cell, the equipment for preparing the aluminum anode plate by the liquid aluminum and the equipment for preparing the aluminum powder by the liquid aluminum respectively.
Optionally, the system for generating hydrogen by using waste wind and abandoned light power further includes: the DC/DC converter comprises an AC/DC converter, a first DC/DC converter, a second DC/DC converter, a DC bus, a third DC/DC converter and a first DC/AC converter;
the wind power generation system is electrically connected with the DC bus through the AC/DC converter; the photovoltaic power generation system is electrically connected with the DC bus through the first DC/DC converter; the three-layer liquid energy storage system is electrically connected with the DC bus through the second DC/DC converter; the DC bus is electrically connected with the aluminum electrolytic cell through the third DC/DC converter; the DC bus is electrically connected with the equipment for preparing the aluminum anode plate by the liquid aluminum and the equipment for preparing the aluminum powder by the liquid aluminum respectively through the first DC/AC converter.
Optionally, the system for generating hydrogen by using waste wind and abandoned light power further includes: a power supply converter; the aluminum air cell power generation system and the fuel cell power generation system supply power to electric equipment through the power supply converter; the power supply device is at least one of a direct current load, an alternating current load and a national power grid.
Optionally, the power supply converter comprises a fourth DC/DC converter and/or a second DC/AC converter.
Optionally, the three-layer liquid energy storage system is in a vacuum environment, and the three-layer liquid energy storage system includes: the device comprises an energy storage tank, an anode structure, a cathode structure, a refractory structure, an anode liquid metal alloy, a cathode liquid metal and a first electrolyte;
the energy storage tank is divided into a charging area and an energy storage area by the fireproof structure; a discharge port at the bottom of the charging area is communicated with the energy storage area; the energy storage area is sequentially provided with the anode liquid metal alloy, the first electrolyte and the cathode liquid metal from bottom to top; the anode structure is in contact with the anode liquid metal alloy; the cathode structure is in contact with the cathode liquid metal.
Optionally, the anode structure includes an anode lead and an anode graphite block; the cathode structure comprises a cathode lead and a cathode graphite block; the bottom of the anode liquid metal alloy is in contact with the anode graphite block; the bottom of the anode graphite block is provided with an anode lead; the surface of the cathode liquid metal is in contact with the cathode graphite block; the cathode lead is connected with the cathode graphite block.
Optionally, the anode liquid metal alloy is liquid Sn-Bi, the cathode liquid metal is liquid Li, and the first electrolyte is Li-KI electrolyte.
Optionally, the aluminum electrolysis cell comprises a reaction cell, an anode, a cathode and a second electrolyte; the bottom of the reaction tank is inserted into the cathode; the anode is inserted into the side wall of the reaction tank; the second electrolyte is placed in the reaction tank; after alumina enters the reaction tank, liquid aluminum is precipitated in a first set area where the cathode is located, and oxygen is released in a second set area where the anode is located.
Optionally, the anode is Ni-Fe-Al2O3Cermet, the cathode is formed by spraying TiB on the surface of steel2The second electrolyte is NaF-AlF3-BaF2-CaF2And (4) melting the melt.
Optionally, the aluminum-air cell power generation system includes a cell stack main body structure;
the main structure of the cell stack comprises a single cell container, a filter screen, a waste liquid tank, a liquid storage tank and a pumping device; a single cell is placed in the single cell container; a liquid discharge hole is formed in the bottom of the single battery container; the filter screen is arranged at the bottom of the single cell container; the filter screen is of a drawer structure, the upper part of the filter screen is attached to the lower surface of the monocell container, and the lower part of the filter screen is of a metal net structure; the waste liquid tank is arranged below the filter screen; the liquid storage tank is communicated with the single cell container through the pumping device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a system for generating hydrogen by utilizing abandoned wind and abandoned light, wherein a new energy power generation system in the system comprises a wind power generation system, a photovoltaic power generation system and a three-layer liquid energy storage system, and the electricity generated by utilizing the abandoned wind and the abandoned light is stored by an energy storage battery and is then used for electrolyzing an aluminum electrolytic cell to convert into liquid aluminum and discharge oxygen. The liquid aluminum is used for preparing an aluminum anode plate or aluminum powder, the aluminum anode plate is used for an aluminum-air battery power generation system to obtain direct current and hydrogen, aluminum oxide is produced as a byproduct, and the aluminum powder is hydrolyzed to release hydrogen and the aluminum oxide is also produced as the byproduct. The hydrogen gas can be used in fuel cell power generation systems, and can be used in hydrogen vehicles or hydrogen consumers. The byproduct aluminum oxide is returned to the aluminum electrolysis cell to further obtain liquid aluminum and release oxygen. The power generated by the aluminum air battery power generation system and the hydrogen-oxygen fuel battery power generation system can be directly used for direct current loads and alternating current loads, and can also be directly connected to a national power grid after inversion. The invention utilizes the abandoned wind and abandoned light to generate hydrogen, improves the absorption capacity of wind power and photovoltaic power, and is energy-saving and environment-friendly.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a system for generating hydrogen by electricity using wind-abandoning and light-abandoning provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a three-layer fluid energy storage system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of a low-temperature aluminum electrolytic cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of equal channel angular compression provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a cell stack body structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a rear view of a cell stack body structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a connection diagram of an auxiliary system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a reaction flow diagram of an alumina recovery system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a system for generating hydrogen by electricity using wind-abandoning and light-abandoning power according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 1, the system for generating hydrogen by electricity using wind-abandoning and light-abandoning of this embodiment includes: a new energy power generation system, an aluminum electrolysis cell 4, an aluminum air cell power generation system 5 and a fuel cell power generation system 6.
The new energy power generation system comprises a wind power generation system 1, a photovoltaic power generation system 2 and a three-layer liquid energy storage system 3. The aluminum electrolytic cell 4 is used for electrolyzing aluminum oxide serving as a raw material to obtain liquid aluminum and releasing oxygen; the liquid aluminum is used for preparing aluminum anode plates or aluminum powder. The aluminum air battery power generation system 5 is used for generating power by using the aluminum anode plate as an anode, releasing hydrogen, and generating a byproduct aluminum oxide as a raw material of the aluminum electrolytic cell 4. The aluminum powder is used for hydrolyzing to release hydrogen and generate a byproduct of aluminum oxide to be used as a raw material of the aluminum electrolytic cell 4. The fuel cell power generation system 6 is used for generating power by using oxygen released by the aluminum electrolysis cell 4, hydrogen released by the aluminum air cell power generation system 5 and hydrogen released by hydrolysis of the aluminum powder as raw materials, and generating byproduct water as a raw material for hydrolysis of the aluminum powder. The new energy power generation system is respectively and electrically connected with the aluminum electrolytic bath 4, the equipment for preparing the aluminum anode plate by the liquid aluminum and the equipment for preparing the aluminum powder by the liquid aluminum. The aluminum electrolytic tank 4 is a low-temperature aluminum electrolytic tank.
The system for generating hydrogen by utilizing the abandoned wind and abandoned light further comprises: an AC/DC converter 7, a first DC/DC converter 8, a second DC/DC converter 9, a DC bus 10, a third DC/DC converter 11, a first DC/AC converter 12, and a power supply converter 13. The wind power generation system 1 is electrically connected with the DC bus 10 through the AC/DC converter 7; the photovoltaic power generation system 2 is electrically connected with the DC bus 10 through the first DC/DC converter 8; the three-layer liquid energy storage system 3 is electrically connected with the DC bus 10 through the second DC/DC converter 9; the DC bus 10 is electrically connected with the aluminum electrolytic cell 4 through the third DC/DC converter 11; the DC bus 10 is electrically connected to the apparatus for preparing aluminum anode plate from liquid aluminum and the apparatus for preparing aluminum powder from liquid aluminum through the first DC/AC converter 12.
The aluminum air cell power generation system 5 and the fuel cell power generation system 6 both supply power to electric equipment through the power supply converter 13; the power supply device is at least one of a direct current load, an alternating current load and a national power grid. The supply converter 13 comprises a fourth DC/DC converter and/or a second DC/AC converter.
The system for generating hydrogen by utilizing abandoned wind and abandoned light comprises the following implementation processes:
the electricity generated by the wind power generation system 1 is alternating current and is converted into direct current suitable for a DC bus 10 through an AC/DC converter 7; the electricity generated by the photovoltaic power generation system 2 is direct current, and is converted into direct current suitable for a DC direct current bus through the first DC/DC converter 8, the three-layer liquid energy storage system 3 is characterized in that the three-layer liquid energy storage system can be charged and discharged, and the current and the voltage of the DC bus 10 are kept stable through the second DC/DC converter 9 according to the balance of the power generation system and the power utilization system and through continuous charging or discharging. The power utilization end is a low-temperature aluminum electrolytic cell, an aluminum anode plate or aluminum powder preparation equipment, a power supply is from a DC direct current bus, the low-temperature aluminum electrolytic cell is connected with the DC direct current bus through a third DC/DC converter 11, the low-temperature aluminum electrolytic cell has the main function of electrolyzing aluminum oxide from an aluminum air battery power generation system 5 and a byproduct of aluminum powder hydrolysis hydrogen production to generate oxygen so as to obtain liquid aluminum, and the liquid aluminum ingot is an aluminum ingot which is further deeply processed into an aluminum anode plate serving as the anode plate of the aluminum air battery power generation system 5; or atomizing liquid aluminum into aluminum powder, and further hydrolyzing to prepare hydrogen. Wherein, the power supply of the aluminum anode plate preparation equipment and the atomization aluminum powder preparation equipment is also from a DC direct current bus, and the current on the DC direct current bus is converted into alternating current suitable for the DC direct current bus by a first DC/AC converter 12. The aluminum-air battery power generation system 5 is characterized in that an anode plate is manufactured by equal-channel extrusion equipment, crystal grains are in a nanometer level, corrosion inhibitors are not added in the aluminum-air battery power generation system 5, stable discharge and hydrogen release can be realized, a byproduct is aluminum hydroxide, and the aluminum hydroxide is further calcined into aluminum oxide; the aluminum powder and alkaline water react in a hydrolysis device to generate hydrogen and aluminum hydroxide, and the hydrogen and aluminum hydroxide is further calcined into aluminum oxide which is supplied to a low-temperature aluminum electrolysis bath as a raw material. The hydrogen in the fuel cell power generation system 6 comes from the aluminum air cell power generation system 5 and the aluminum powder hydrolysis reactor, the oxygen comes from the low-temperature aluminum electrolysis bath, the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell generates electricity, and the byproduct water is used for aluminum powder hydrolysis. The electricity generated by the aluminum air cell power generation system 5 and the fuel cell power generation system 6 is direct current and can be supplied to a direct current load through a fourth DC/DC converter; the second DC/AC converter can be used for an alternating current load; and the wind-solar power generation stable internet access can also be realized by generating the internet through the second DC/AC converter.
As an optional embodiment, the system for generating hydrogen by using wind abandoning and light abandoning power further comprises an intelligent control system; the intelligent control system is electrically connected with the wind power generation system 1, the photovoltaic power generation system 2, the three-layer liquid energy storage system 3, the aluminum electrolytic tank 4, the aluminum anode plate and the aluminum powder preparation equipment so as to detect the electricity consumption and the electricity generation of the wind power generation system 1, the photovoltaic power generation system 2, the three-layer liquid energy storage system 3, the aluminum electrolytic tank 4, the aluminum anode plate and the aluminum powder preparation equipment and keep the electricity generation and the electricity consumption balance.
As an alternative embodiment, the wind turbine in the wind turbine system 1 may be a doubly-fed or direct-driven wind turbine, the wind turbine has an unloading device, and when the wind is not available, the unloading device can unload the wind, and an alternating current/direct current (AC/DC) converter for wind turbine is connected to the transmission system (DC bus 10); the photovoltaic power generation system 2 is connected with the transmission system by a direct current (DC/DC) converter; the three-layer liquid energy storage battery in the three-layer liquid energy storage system 3 takes lithium as a negative electrode, a bismuth-tin alloy as a positive electrode, the molar ratio of the positive electrode to the negative electrode Li to Bi to Sn of 80:3:4 as an electrode pair, and binary molten salt with the molar ratio of LiI-KI of 58:42 as eutectic electrolyte, and the working temperature is 290 ℃. The balance voltage of the battery is between 0.74 and 0.79, the battery is relatively stable, and the battery can be charged and discharged with large current density. The laminar flow liquid energy storage system is connected into the DC bus 10 through the direct current converter, the laminar flow liquid energy storage system has the functions of stabilizing the volatility and the intermittence of wind power, the wind power is greater than the load, the wind power is less than the load, and the power is transmitted, so that the voltage and the power in the exclusive system are kept stable, and the load requirement is met. In addition, the transmission system adopts a direct current bus, alternating current is converted into direct current through rectification at one end of wind power and photovoltaic power and is transmitted to the direct current bus, and a filter is arranged on the rectification side to filter characteristic harmonic waves.
As an alternative embodiment, the three-layer liquid energy storage system 3 is in a vacuum environment, for example, the three-layer liquid energy storage system 3 may be placed in a vacuum box. As shown in fig. 2, the three-layer fluid energy storage system 3 includes: an energy storage tank, an anode structure, a cathode structure, a refractory structure 22, an anode liquid metal alloy 17, a cathode liquid metal 15, and a first electrolyte 16. The refractory structure 22 divides the energy storage tank into a charging zone and an energy storage zone; a discharge port at the bottom of the charging area is communicated with the energy storage area; the energy storage area is sequentially provided with the anode liquid metal alloy 17, the first electrolyte 16 and the cathode liquid metal 15 from bottom to top; the anode structure is in contact with the anode liquid metal alloy 17; the cathode structure is in contact with the cathode liquid metal 15.
The anode structure comprises an anode lead 18 and an anode graphite block 19; the cathode structure includes a cathode lead 14 and a cathode graphite block 24; the bottom of the anode liquid metal alloy 17 is arranged in contact with the anode graphite block 19; the bottom of the anode graphite block 19 is provided with an anode lead 18; the surface of the cathode liquid metal 15 is contacted with the cathode graphite block 24; the cathode lead 14 is connected to the cathode graphite block 24. The anode graphite block 19 is a high-purity graphite block.
The anodic liquid metal alloy 17 is liquid Sn-Bi, the cathodic liquid metal 15 is liquid metal Li, and the first electrolyte 16 is Li-KI electrolyte. The material of the refractory structure 22 is a magnesia refractory material.
The energy storage tank is provided with a steel shell 20 and an insulating structure 21 from outside to inside in sequence; the material of the insulating structure 21 is a fire-resistant or insulating material. During operation, the anodic liquid metal alloy 17 is continuously fed from the feed port 23 of the feed zone, and the cathodic liquid metal 15 and the first electrolyte 16 are continuously fed from the feed port of the energy storage zone.
As an optional implementation mode, the electrolysis temperature of the low-temperature aluminum liquid electrolysis cell is 700-800 ℃, the electrolyte in the low-temperature aluminum liquid electrolysis cell can be light electrolyte or heavy electrolyte, the density of the light electrolyte is lower than that of the liquid aluminum, and the aluminum liquid is below the electrolyte during electrolysis; the density of the heavy electrolyte is higher than that of liquid aluminum, and the aluminum liquid is on the electrolyte during electrolysis. Different types of cells are designed depending on the density of the electrolyte used. Inert anodes and cathodes are used to obtain aluminum and oxygen during electrolysis. According to different purity of the used alumina, the aluminum with different purity grades is obtained. The aluminum oxide is obtained by roasting aluminum hydroxide which is a byproduct after power generation of the aluminum-air battery.
As shown in fig. 3, the low-temperature aluminum electrolysis cell comprises a reaction cell 31, an anode 25, a cathode 26 and a second electrolyte 27; the cathode 26 is inserted into the bottom of the reaction tank 31; the anode 25 is inserted into the side wall of the reaction tank 31; the second electrolyte is placed in the reaction tank 31; after alumina enters the reaction tank 31, liquid aluminum 28 is precipitated in a first set area where the cathode 26 is located, and oxygen is released in a second set area where the anode 25 is located. The liquid aluminum is collected in an aluminum collection chamber 29, which is an aluminum collection chamber for spraying aluminum oxide on the surface of cast iron.
The anode 25 is an annular inert anode 25, and the anode 25 is Ni-Fe-Al2O3A cermet; the cathode 26 is formed by spraying TiB on the steel surface2Preparing; the second electrolyte 27 is a heavy electrolyte, and the second electrolyte 27 is particularly NaF-AlF3-BaF2-CaF2And (4) melting the melt. The reaction tank 31 is a thermal insulator, and the material of the reaction tank 31 is SiC — BN.
The low-temperature aluminum electrolytic cell also comprises a surface coating TiB2The steel mesh separator 30; one end of the steel mesh separator 30 is fixed to one end of the anode 25, the fixed end is located inside the sidewall of the reaction tank 31, the other end of the anode 25 extends to the outside of the reaction tank 31, and the other end of the steel mesh separator 30 extends into the second electrolyte 27.
The heavy electrolyte adopted in the low-temperature aluminum electrolytic cell can also adopt 30 percent AlF3、20％CaF2、15％MgF2、25％BaF2And 10% KF, the melting point of the electrolyte being 630 ℃.
The working process is as follows: the raw material high-purity aluminum oxide is obtained from a product obtained by calcining aluminum hydroxide of a discharge product of an aluminum-air battery power generation system 5 at the temperature of 1000-1100 ℃, and is dissolved in liquid electrolyte after entering the low-temperature aluminum electrolytic cell, wherein the solubility is 2-3%, and the electrolyte density is 3-3.5 g/cm3The electrolyte is heavy electrolyte, high-purity liquid aluminum is used as a cathode 26, high-purity graphite is connected with the liquid aluminum, Ni-Fe alloy is used as an anode 25, and the working temperature is 700-800 ℃; the metallic aluminum is continuously separated out in the cathode 26 area, taken out periodically, the purity is 99.99 percent, and the oxygen is continuously discharged in the anode area.
Liquid aluminum generated in the low-temperature aluminum electrolytic cell is used for preparing an aluminum anode plate or aluminum powder.
The process of preparing the aluminum anode plate by adopting equal-channel extrusion equipment and rolling equipment comprises the following steps:
(1) processing the nanocrystalline aluminum anode by adopting equal-channel extrusion equipment:
for low-temperature aluminum electrolysisCasting the obtained liquid aluminum (4-6N) into a cylinder with the diameter of 10-20 cm and the length of 20cm, and performing equal-channel angular Extrusion (ECAP) to obtain a nanocrystalline aluminum cylinder; the method is characterized in that psi of equal channel angular extrusion is 30-70 degrees, phi is 90 degrees, extrusion pass is 5-10 times, extrusion pressure is 50-90T, psi is an outer arc angle when a sample passes through an equal channel extrusion device, phi is an intersection angle of an inlet channel and an outlet channel when the sample passes through the equal channel extrusion device, a is a plunger, b is the sample, and c is a die, and is shown in figure 4. The method adopts an equal-channel angular extrusion technology to change the microstructure of a high-purity aluminum sample into a nanocrystalline structure, so that the grain size is reduced, the uniformity of the microstructure is improved on the whole by a fine and uniform grain structure, and the galvanic corrosion among grains is reduced, so that the hydrogen evolution rate is reduced, the discharge efficiency is improved, and the mass energy density of the nanocrystalline aluminum material as the cathode material is greatly improved. Test data show that the nanocrystalline aluminum material prepared by equal channel extrusion has the grain size of 90-220 nm and the hydrogen evolution rate of 0.087 mL/min-1·cm-2Far lower than the hydrogen evolution rate (0.6-2 mL/min) of the aluminum alloy in the prior art-1·cm-2) The open-circuit voltage of the aluminum air dye cell formed by the prepared nanocrystalline pure aluminum material in 4M NaOH solution is 1.882V, while the open-circuit voltage of the aluminum air fuel cell formed by the cast pure aluminum cathode is only 1.591V at 10 mA.cm-2Under the current density, the specific capacity of the nanocrystalline pure aluminum material reaches 2408mAhg-1The specific energy reaches 3725 Wh.kg-1The specific capacity of the cast pure aluminum cathode is only 1631 mA.h.g-1The specific energy is 2267 Wh/kg-1The energy density is improved by 64.3 percent; the specific energy of the negative electrode of the nanocrystalline pure high-purity aluminum material reaches 4200 Wh/kg-1Compared with the cast pure aluminum alloy cathode, the anode is improved by 60 percent.
Table 1 summarizes the average voltage, capacity density, electrode efficiency and energy density of the aluminum air fuel cell at different current densities. The open-circuit voltage of the aluminum-air battery composed of the nanocrystalline aluminum cathode is 1.882V when the pressure is 70 tons and the extrusion is 7 times and psi is 30 degrees, while the open-circuit voltage of the aluminum-air battery composed of the as-cast aluminum cathode is only 1.591V; at 10mA cm-2High purity of the nanocrystal at current densityThe specific capacity of the aluminum cathode reaches 2408 mA.h.g-1The specific energy reaches 3725 Wh.kg-1The specific capacity of the high-purity aluminum cathode is only 1631 mA-hg-1The specific energy is 2267 Wh/kg-1The energy density of the cathode adopting the nanocrystalline aluminum is improved by 64.3 percent, and the hydrogen evolution corrosion rate is reduced to about one fifth of that of the as-cast coarse crystal. The capacity density continued to increase with increasing current density, at 50mA cm-2The capacity density reaches 2900 mA.h.g at the current density-1The electrode efficiency of both the anode and the cathode reaches more than 95 percent. This is because, at a high current density, discharge is a main reaction, the potential of the negative electrode has been lowered more, and hydrogen evolution corrosion of the nanocrystalline aluminum material is suppressed and reduced to a small extent. The energy density increases and then decreases as the current density increases. Under low current density, the corrosion of the negative electrode plays a determining role in the performance of the battery, and the more corrosion-resistant negative electrode has higher energy density; at high current densities, the polarization of the cell controls the cell performance, and the decrease in energy density due to the drop in voltage is quickly manifested. In comparison, the benefits brought by grain refinement gradually weaken along with the increase of current density, and the voltage of the two aluminum cathodes is 30 mA-cm-2The lower value is equivalent, and the capacity density is 50mA cm-2The current density is equivalent. The uniform and fine crystal grains have larger electrochemical activity and can reduce the hydrogen evolution corrosion rate, so the self-discharge rate of the battery is low, and the battery can provide higher energy density under smaller current density.
TABLE 1
(2) Rolling high-purity aluminum anode plate by adopting rolling equipment
After the equal-channel large plastic deformation, rolling on a metal cold rolling mill to obtain the anode with the following dimensions: 17cm × 17.5cm × 0.5cm, aluminumThe electrode area is 296.4cm2。
The anode electric sheet manufacturing process comprises the following steps:
firstly, carrying out cold deformation treatment on a high-purity Al ingot (99.99%), carrying out large plastic deformation on an as-cast sample for 7 times on equal-channel equipment, and then carrying out multi-pass deformation on a double-roller mill to obtain the Al ingot with the thickness of 0.5 cm.
Secondly, preserving the temperature of the as-cast sample in an SX-12-17 type box-type resistance furnace at 480 ℃ for 4 hours, and then carrying out water quenching.
The single cell was formed and tested for discharge using the above-mentioned nanocrystalline aluminum sheet as the negative electrode, the air electrode as the positive electrode, and 6mol/LNaOH as the electrolyte. The discharge characteristics of the aluminum-air power supply monomer are that the open-circuit voltage is higher (1.81V), the output cut-off voltage of the monomer is 0.2V, and the working current density of the monomer is 84.35mA/cm2About, the time for the monomer to stably output 40W is at least 5h, namely the monomer discharges at 25A, the output duration time of 1.6V is more than or equal to 5h, and the discharge 5-hour test is carried out in the embodiment. According to the discharge characteristics of the aluminum-air power supply unit, the following characteristics are found: the area size of the monomer aluminum alloy determines the current magnitude thereof, the thickness of the monomer aluminum alloy determines the capacity magnitude thereof, and the working current density of the monomer is 84.35mA/cm2Left and right. In order to design a monomer with a discharge current of more than or equal to 25A, the reaction area of the aluminum alloy monomer is at least more than or equal to 298cm2. Considering the production process of the monomer air permeable membrane, the effective reaction area of the monomer aluminum alloy can be designed to be 298cm2(170 mm. times.175 mm), the thickness of the single aluminum alloy was designed to be 0.05cm, so that the power per single body was 40W and the capacitance was 100 Ah. The combination of 25 monomers in series is 1 kW.
The preparation process of the aluminum powder comprises the following steps:
sending high-temperature aluminum liquid into a nitrogen atomization device through a liquid guide groove, continuously heating the high-temperature aluminum liquid in the nitrogen atomization device, atomizing the high-temperature aluminum liquid into small liquid drops under the action of a Venturi effect, and quickly solidifying the small liquid drops into aluminum powder under the protection and cooling of environmental nitrogen; specifically, high-temperature aluminum liquid is continuously heated in an atomizing furnace and kept at a certain atomizing temperature, the high-temperature aluminum liquid is sprayed into an atomizing chamber from an atomizing nozzle at the front end of the atomizing furnace to be atomized into small liquid drops under the liquid level pressure and the Venturi effect of atomized nitrogen of an annular atomizer, the small liquid drops are rapidly solidified into aluminum powder under the protection and cooling of environmental nitrogen, the aluminum powder is sucked into an aluminum powder grading unit through a high-pressure fan to be graded, and various aluminum powders with different medium particle sizes are separated and sent into a charging bucket. Respectively sending the powder to an aluminum powder vacuum packaging machine by a dense-phase pneumatic conveying system for vacuum packaging; the atomization, classification, packaging and other production processes of the high-temperature aluminum liquid are carried out in the protection of nitrogen; the temperature of the atomization furnace is controlled to be 850-900 ℃, slag is strictly fished to prevent the nozzle of the atomizer from being blocked; the atomization temperature is controlled to be 720-780 ℃, the pressure of the atomized nitrogen is controlled to be 2.2-2.5 MPa, the flow rate of the atomized nitrogen is controlled to be 350-400 m/s, and the nozzle gap is controlled to be 0.40-0.55 mm.
As an alternative embodiment, the overall structure of the aluminum-air cell power generation system 5 includes two parts, namely a cell stack main body structure and an auxiliary system. The main structure of the cell stack comprises a cell monomer container, a filter screen, a liquid storage tank, a waste liquid tank and the like. The auxiliary system comprises an electrolyte circulating system, a heat exchange system, a gas purification system, an alumina recovery system, an electric control system and the like.
With the increase of the number of the single batteries in series connection, the current of the inner ring of the battery is correspondingly and greatly increased, namely the heat loss is correspondingly and greatly increased. Research tests show that when the number of the monomers connected in series is different, the magnitude of the inner loop current is large. When 5 single cells are connected in series, the output current of the single cell is almost equal to that of the whole battery module, which means that the inner ring current is small, i.e., the loss is low. When 30 single batteries are connected in series, the inner loop current accounts for about 13.6% of the total output current, and the electric quantity loss caused by heat generation of the inner loop current is also acceptable.
In the overall design of the battery, the problem that the inner ring current of different single batteries is different due to the difference of solution concentration, pole plate components, part sizes, environmental temperature and the like needs to be considered. This may result in the aluminum electrode in the cell with the larger inner loop current being consumed first, and therefore, when the number of cells connected in series in a single cell pack is small, the reliability of the cell stack system may be reduced. Therefore, in order to meet the power output requirement, 28 monomers are used as one group and are designed into a two-group structure, the rated output voltage of the battery pack is 48V, the output current is 110A, and the rated power is 5 kW.
The cell stack main body structure is shown in fig. 5 and 6. Referring to fig. 5 and 6, the stack main structure includes a cell container 32, a strainer 33, a waste liquid tank 38, a liquid storage tank 35, and a pumping device 36. The top of the single battery container 32 is a sliding cover plate, and single batteries are placed in the single battery container 32; and a liquid discharge hole is formed in the bottom of the single battery container 32 and corresponds to the electromagnetic switch valve at the bottom of the single battery. The screen 33 is provided at the bottom of the cell container 32; the filter screen 33 is of a drawer structure, the upper part of the filter screen 33 is attached to the lower surface of the single cell container 32, and the lower part of the filter screen 33 is of a metal net structure for filtering and collecting aluminum hydroxide precipitate; the waste liquid tank 38 is arranged below the filter screen 33, and the waste liquid tank 38 is used for collecting the reacted electrolyte; the liquid storage tank 35 communicates with the cell container 32 through the pumping device. The pumping device 36 enables the electrolyte to enter the single cell container 32 through the liquid distributor when in operation, and enables the electrolyte to enter the liquid storage box 35 through the liquid inlet 34 of the liquid storage box 35 when in non-operation. The bottom of the waste liquid tank 38 is provided with a waste liquid outlet 37.
And one side of the main structure of the cell stack is provided with an auxiliary system. As shown in fig. 7, the electronic control system 47 is connected to the stack body structure 40, and the electronic control system 47 is connected to a display on which various data of the battery pack, including voltage, current, etc., are displayed. The electronic control system 47 issues a command to operate or stop the stack body structure 40. The stack body 40 is connected to a liquid pump 43. The electrolyte circulation system is composed of a liquid pump 43, a small lead-acid storage battery, a waste liquid tank 38, a liquid storage and filtration structure (a liquid storage tank and a filter) 45, a connecting pipeline and the like. After the battery pack switch is turned on, the lead-acid storage battery supplies power to the direct-current liquid pump 43, and the electrolyte in the liquid storage tank 35 is equally divided by the liquid divider and is injected into each single battery. Note that the electrolyte should be slightly excessive, or the discharge ports of the respective unit cells should be opened for a certain period of time so that a certain amount of liquid is stored in the waste liquid tank 38 for the subsequent electrolyte circulation operation. After a few minutes, the reaction rate reaches a maximum, after which the reaction rate is maintained at a steady higher level. At this time, the liquid discharge port below each cell is opened to a small extent, and the liquid pump 43 operates to feed the electrolyte in the waste liquid tank 38 into each cell through the liquid separator, at which time the liquid feeding rate is the same as the liquid discharge rate. The liquid pump 43 can be operated at a lower power during this process. In the operation process, when the load of the aluminum-air battery system is small and power redundancy exists, the lead-acid storage battery can be charged. Because the electrolyte is filtered by the filter screen 33, impurities generated by reaction can be effectively removed in the electrolyte circulation process, and the inner space of the battery monomer is also flushed. In addition, a hydroxyl ion concentration sensor is arranged at the liquid discharge port of the single battery, and when the concentration of the electrolyte does not support the rapid progress of the battery reaction, new electrolyte is pumped from the liquid storage tank 35 for replacement.
The heat exchange system is embodied as a coolant circulation system 44. The coolant circulation system 44 is connected to a cooling device provided in the stack main body structure 40. The cooling device is a rectangular aluminum alloy radiating plate with the block size of 700mm 500mm 14mm, and is arranged in the middle of the single battery. The aluminum alloy heat dissipation plate contains a liquid cooling pipe with the inner diameter of 10 mm. Distilled water is selected as a coolant in the cooling water tank and pumped into the cooling pipe through the direct-current water pump, and the liquid outlet of the cooling pipe is connected to the cooling water tank. Because the water tank has a large heat convection area with the outside, no additional cooling device is needed for cooling water in the circulation process. The cooling water tank is also connected with the liquid inlets of the single batteries, when the battery reaction needs to be suspended, after the electrolyte completely flows into the waste liquid tank 38, the cooling water is enabled to scour the electrode plates, the influence of residual hydroxyl ions can be reduced, and the corrosion rate of the battery anode is reduced as much as possible.
The gas purification system is embodied as a carbon dioxide water scrubber 39. The air enters the carbon dioxide water scrubber 39, the carbon dioxide is absorbed by the water, the clean air enters the stack main structure 40, the stack main structure 40 emits hydrogen and water vapor when working, the hydrogen enters the membrane separation device 41, and the hydrogen enters the hydrogen collection device 42 for collection.
The alumina recovery system 46 is connected to the tank 35 filtration system. The alumina recovery system 46 is described in detail below.
The purpose of the alumina recovery system 46 is to recover the high purity alumina product by recovering the reacted precipitate and the remaining electrolyte.
XRD diffraction analysis is carried out on the precipitate on the filter screen 33, and the main component of the precipitate is aluminum hydroxide compared with a standard PDF card of the crystal. Whereas aluminum hydroxide is soluble in strong acids at certain temperatures. This makes the recovery process easier.
Dissolving a certain amount of precipitate with concentrated sulfuric acid, crystallizing to obtain aluminum sulfate, and preparing the prepared aluminum sulfate into 0.2mol/L solution. Preparing 2.0mol/L ammonium carbonate solution, adding a certain amount of dispersant, slowly adding the prepared aluminum sulfate solution, stirring for 1h after the addition is finished, and then aging and filtering. In the suction filtration process, the precipitate is washed with distilled water for several times and then with absolute ethyl alcohol for several times. And (4) putting the filter cake obtained by suction filtration into an oven for drying to obtain an ammonium aluminum carbonate precursor.
Finally, calcining step by step, firstly calcining at low temperature of about 300 ℃, and then heating to 1200 ℃ for high-temperature calcination to obtain the monodisperse alpha-Al2O3。
For the liquid of the aluminum air cell power generation system 5 working for one period (about 30 days), it is known that the liquid mainly contains sodium metaaluminate, which is 160g-320 g/L. Because of the influence of the corrosion inhibitor or the catalyst, the impurity elements mainly comprise silicon, zinc, magnesium, calcium and the like, and the impurity removal process needs to consider the step-by-step precipitation of the impurity ions and the filtration removal. Therefore, the flow of recovering alumina from the liquid circulated out of the aluminum-air cell power generation system 5 is as follows:
firstly, adding excessive calcium oxide into sodium metaaluminate solution, reacting calcium oxide with sodium metaaluminate solution to generate calcium hydroxide, and reacting calcium hydroxide with sodium metaaluminate to generate calcium aluminate hydrate (3 CaO. Al)2O3·6H2O), SiO in solution2(OH)2 2-The ions react on the surface layer of the hydrated calcium aluminate to generate hydrated garnet sediment, and the silicon impurities in the solution are removed; after removing silicon impurities, adding a proper amount of sodium sulfide into the solution, and reacting sulfur ions with zinc ions in the solution to generate zinc sulfide precipitate so as to remove zinc ions; then to the solutionAdding sodium oxalate, stirring, and filtering to remove magnesium oxalate and calcium salt precipitate.
Then, in a magnetic stirring reaction kettle 50, the potassium aluminate solution after impurity removal is heated to a specified temperature, seed crystals are added for mixing and stirring, and CO is introduced at a certain flow rate2、N2To increase the supersaturation degree of the solution and promote the decomposition of the solution into two products, namely aluminum hydroxide and sodium carbonate. Stopping ventilation after the decomposition is finished, and performing solid-liquid separation by adopting a vacuum filtration mode. The aluminum hydroxide filter cake is washed by deionized water and then dried.
Concentrated hydrochloric acid may be used for different types of aluminium hydroxide. This step can also be similar to the previous step of recovering the solid waste produced by aluminum air cells, i.e. dissolution with sulfuric acid to give an aluminum sulfate salt. Al (B) is3+Salt solution is dropped into NH4HCO3The solution can react to generate aluminum ammonium carbonate. After the ammonium aluminum carbonate is precipitated, vacuum drying or drying is carried out, and the dried ammonium aluminum carbonate is pyrolyzed at high temperature to finally generate aluminum oxide particles which do not agglomerate, are uniformly distributed, have refined crystal grains and have the grain diameter of about 50 nm.
And sanding the generated alumina, thinning the granularity, and drying the sanded alumina to obtain the nano alumina finished product.
After the aluminum salt is obtained in the two recycling processes, the operation for preparing the aluminum oxide is very similar, the overall reaction process comprises acid dissolution, vacuum filtration, drying and multi-step calcination, and the recycling processes are overlapped.
Due to the requirements of industrial production and cost saving, a plurality of aluminum-air battery packs can share one set of recycling equipment. Which comprises the following steps: a common reaction tank and a filtering device for primary treatment; an acid dissolution reaction tank and a filtering device, which are used for dissolving the aluminum hydroxide on the filter screen 33 after the reaction and the aluminum hydroxide generated after the precipitation reaction of the waste liquid; a magnetic stirring reaction kettle 50 used for a reaction process that gas is needed to be introduced under a closed condition and the reaction process is fully stirred; the vacuum filtration device is used for obtaining an ammonium aluminum carbonate filter cake through filtration; the drying oven is used for drying the generated ammonium aluminum carbonate cake; the industrial calcining furnace is used for calcining to generate a nano alumina finished product with better dispersity. The devices are common reaction devices in industrial production and are easy to obtain.
As shown in fig. 8, the solid line is the waste liquid route after the reaction of the aluminum-air battery, and the dotted line is the solid product route on the filter screen 33 after the reaction of the aluminum-air battery.
For the route of solid product on the screen 33 after the reaction. First, the reaction solution is introduced into an acid-soluble reaction tank and a filtering device 49, where the reaction is carried out and the reaction product is filtered. In the acid dissolution reaction tank and the filtering device 49, a certain amount of precipitate is dissolved by concentrated sulfuric acid, aluminum sulfate is obtained by crystallization, and then the prepared aluminum sulfate is prepared into 0.2mol/L solution. Preparing 2.0mol/L ammonium carbonate solution, adding a certain amount of dispersant, slowly adding the prepared aluminum sulfate solution, stirring for 1h after the addition is finished, and then aging and filtering. In the suction filtration process, the precipitate is washed with distilled water for several times and then with absolute ethyl alcohol for several times. And (3) putting the filter cake obtained by the vacuum filtration device into an oven 52 for drying to obtain an ammonium aluminum carbonate precursor.
Finally, calcining step by step, firstly calcining at low temperature of about 300 ℃, and then heating to 1200 ℃ for high-temperature calcination to obtain the monodisperse alpha-Al2O3. This step is carried out in an industrial calciner 53.
For the post reaction waste stream route for aluminum air cells.
Firstly, in a common reaction tank and a filtering device 48, excessive calcium oxide is added into sodium metaaluminate solution, the calcium oxide reacts with the sodium metaaluminate solution to generate calcium hydroxide, and the calcium hydroxide reacts with the sodium metaaluminate to generate hydrated calcium aluminate (3 CaO. Al)2O3·6H2O), SiO in solution2(OH)2 2-The ions react on the surface layer of the hydrated calcium aluminate to generate hydrated garnet sediment, and the silicon impurities in the solution are removed; after removing silicon impurities, adding a proper amount of sodium sulfide into the solution, and reacting sulfur ions with zinc ions in the solution to generate zinc sulfide precipitate so as to remove zinc ions; then adding sodium oxalate into the solution, stirring, and filtering to remove magnesium oxalate and calcium salt precipitate.
Then, in the magnetic fieldIn a stirring reaction kettle 50, the potassium aluminate solution after impurity removal is heated to a specified temperature, seed crystals are added for mixing and stirring, and CO is introduced at a certain flow rate2、N2To increase the supersaturation degree of the solution and promote the decomposition of the solution into two products, namely aluminum hydroxide and sodium carbonate. After the decomposition is completed, the aeration is stopped, and solid-liquid separation is performed by using a vacuum filtration apparatus 51. The aluminum hydroxide filter cake is washed by deionized water and then dried.
Concentrated hydrochloric acid may be used for different types of aluminium hydroxide. This step can also be similar to the previous step of recovering the solid waste produced by aluminum air cells, i.e. dissolution with sulfuric acid to give an aluminum sulfate salt. Al (B) is3+Salt solution is dropped into NH4HCO3The solution can react to generate aluminum ammonium carbonate. After the ammonium aluminum carbonate is precipitated, vacuum drying or drying is carried out, and the dried ammonium aluminum carbonate is pyrolyzed at high temperature to finally generate aluminum oxide particles which do not agglomerate, are uniformly distributed, have refined crystal grains and have the grain diameter of about 50 nm.
The aluminum powder hydrogen production process comprises the following steps:
reacting aluminum powder with the aqueous solution added into the aluminum water reactor to prepare hydrogen; or reacting the aluminum powder with an alkaline water solution added into the aluminum water reactor to prepare hydrogen, and outputting the prepared hydrogen to the hydrogenation device. Specifically, the aluminum powder reacts with the aqueous solution added into the aluminum water reactor to prepare hydrogen, and the reaction equation is as follows:
2Al+6H2O→Al(OH)3↓+3H2↑
the water solution is one or more of tap water, pure water and saline water; the saline water is a sodium chloride or potassium chloride aqueous solution with the mass ratio concentration of 5-40%.
The aluminum powder reacts with an alkaline water solution added into an aluminum water reactor to prepare hydrogen, and the reaction equation is as follows:
2Al+6H2O+2NaOH→2NaAl(OH)4+3H2↑
NaAl(OH)4→NaOH+Al(OH)3↓
the alkaline water solution is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide water solution with the mass ratio concentration of 5-60%.
Discharging aluminum hydroxide precipitate generated in the hydrogen preparation process into a rotary sintering furnace for sintering and decomposing to obtain aluminum oxide powder, packaging, conveying back into the aluminum electrolytic cell 4 for re-electrolysis, and entering the next cycle to form a closed cycle. Specifically, the temperature of the rotary sintering furnace in the sintering decomposition process is controlled to be 450-500 ℃.
The hydrogen treatment process comprises the following steps:
during the discharging process of the aluminum-air battery power generation system 5, no corrosion inhibitor is added, the generated hydrogen and the hydrogen containing alkali vapor generated by the hydrolysis of the aluminum powder are converged and enter a hydrogen drying tower for drying, and the pure hydrogen with the purity of 99.9 percent is obtained after purification. The purification utilizes a Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) process, which utilizes the difference in the adsorption characteristics of gas components on an adsorbent and the principle that the amount of adsorption varies with pressure, to effect separation of gases by a periodic pressure variation process. The PSA technology has the characteristics that: the method has the advantages of low energy consumption, high product purity, simple process flow, low pretreatment requirement, convenient and reliable operation, high automation degree and the like, and the recovery rate can reach 96%. Then the hydrogen is pressed into a high-pressure hydrogen storage container for storage through a high-purity oil-free supercharger hydrogen compressor, and then enters a hydrogenation machine through a pressure reducing valve to hydrogenate the fuel cell automobile.
The power generation process of the fuel cell:
the fuel cell power generation system 6 includes a hydrogen and oxygen storage tank, and the hydrogenation apparatus adds qualified hydrogen to the fuel cell hydrogen storage tank. The oxygen produced from low-temperature aluminum electrolysis needs to enter a purifier for purification treatment because of containing impurities and moisture. The purifier consists essentially of three parts: a dehydrator, which mainly functions to eliminate moisture in oxygen; a dryer for further removing water generated by the reaction; the inside of the hydrocarbon remover is provided with a catalyst for removing impurities such as carbon monoxide, methane and the like. Qualified high-purity oxygen is discharged from the purifier, pressurized to 15MPa through a second section of the membrane press, and sent to a qualified fuel cell oxygen storage tank. After the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell works, direct current electric energy is generated, and water is produced as a byproduct. The water is used for supplementing the aluminum powder hydrogen production process.
The intelligent control system comprises:
there are five monitoring points for monitoring wind power output, photovoltaic power output, three-layer liquid energy storage battery output and input, low-temperature aluminum electrolysis input, anode plate and aluminum powder production input. The intelligent control system always keeps balance between the input power and the output power of the balanced transmission system and the output voltage is stable. When the wind power and photovoltaic power are larger than the sum of the load input power, the three-layer liquid battery is charged, and when the wind power and photovoltaic power are smaller than the sum of the load input power, the output power of the three-layer liquid battery makes up for the insufficient part.
The system for generating hydrogen by utilizing the abandoned wind and abandoned light utilizes the electricity generated by the abandoned wind and abandoned light to be stored by the energy storage battery and then used for the low-temperature aluminum electrolysis of the inert electrode to convert the electricity into aluminum energy and discharge oxygen. The aluminum ingot is further processed into a nanocrystalline anode aluminum plate by equal channel extrusion and rolling or aluminum powder is prepared by an atomization method, the nanocrystalline aluminum anode plate is used for an aluminum-air battery power generation system 5 to obtain direct current and hydrogen, and by-product aluminum hydroxide, the aluminum powder and alkaline water are hydrolyzed to release hydrogen and by-product aluminum hydroxide. The pure hydrogen is obtained by drying and removing impurities from the hydrogen, and can be used for a fuel cell power generation system 6 and a hydrogen automobile or a hydrogen customer. And calcining the byproduct aluminum hydroxide at 1100-1200 ℃ to obtain aluminum oxide, returning to low-temperature aluminum electrolysis, further obtaining pure aluminum, and discharging oxygen. The electricity generated by the aluminum air battery generating system 5 and the fuel battery generating system 6 can be directly used for direct current load and alternating current load, and can also be directly accessed to a national power grid after inversion.
The system for generating hydrogen by utilizing the abandoned wind and abandoned light has the following advantages:
(1) the wind power and the photoelectricity of the abandoned wind can be utilized by 100%, the abandoned wind is matched with the three-layer liquid energy storage battery, the output power is stable, the voltage is stable, the requirements of alternating current load and direct current load are met, and the aluminum air battery power generation system 5 and the fuel battery power generation system 6 can be changed into stable alternating current power supply.
(2) Aluminum oxide is subjected to low-temperature aluminum electrolysis to obtain metal aluminum, wind energy and light energy are converted into aluminum energy, the aluminum can be transported, wind power and photoelectricity are generally installed in deserts or western regions of China, water is deficient, and aluminum is more convenient and feasible than hydrogen.
(3) The aluminum powder and the aluminum-air battery are used for producing hydrogen, a byproduct of aluminum oxide is obtained and returns to the low-temperature aluminum electrolysis system, the aluminum is recycled in the low-temperature aluminum electrolysis system, and the aluminum only plays a role of an energy-carrying carrier.
(4) The aluminum powder is used for preparing hydrogen, which is beneficial to the low-cost preparation and use of hydrogen energy and the development of hydrogen energy technology.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A system for generating hydrogen by utilizing wind-abandoning and light-abandoning power is characterized by comprising: the system comprises a new energy power generation system, an aluminum electrolysis cell, an aluminum air cell power generation system and a fuel cell power generation system;
the new energy power generation system comprises a wind power generation system, a photovoltaic power generation system and a three-layer liquid energy storage system;
the aluminum electrolysis cell is used for electrolyzing aluminum oxide serving as a raw material to obtain liquid aluminum and releasing oxygen; the liquid aluminum is used for preparing an aluminum anode plate or aluminum powder;
the aluminum air battery power generation system is used for generating power by taking the aluminum anode plate as an anode, releasing hydrogen and generating a byproduct aluminum oxide as a raw material of the aluminum electrolytic cell;
the aluminum powder is used for hydrolyzing to release hydrogen and generating a byproduct aluminum oxide to be used as a raw material of the aluminum electrolytic cell;
the fuel cell power generation system is used for generating power by taking oxygen released by the aluminum electrolysis cell, hydrogen released by the aluminum air cell power generation system and hydrogen released by hydrolysis of the aluminum powder as raw materials and generating byproduct water serving as a raw material for hydrolysis of the aluminum powder;
the new energy power generation system is electrically connected with the aluminum electrolytic cell, the equipment for preparing the aluminum anode plate by the liquid aluminum and the equipment for preparing the aluminum powder by the liquid aluminum respectively.
2. The system for generating hydrogen by using wind curtailed light power generation according to claim 1, further comprising: the DC/DC converter comprises an AC/DC converter, a first DC/DC converter, a second DC/DC converter, a DC bus, a third DC/DC converter and a first DC/AC converter;
the wind power generation system is electrically connected with the DC bus through the AC/DC converter; the photovoltaic power generation system is electrically connected with the DC bus through the first DC/DC converter; the three-layer liquid energy storage system is electrically connected with the DC bus through the second DC/DC converter; the DC bus is electrically connected with the aluminum electrolytic cell through the third DC/DC converter; the DC bus is electrically connected with the equipment for preparing the aluminum anode plate by the liquid aluminum and the equipment for preparing the aluminum powder by the liquid aluminum respectively through the first DC/AC converter.
3. The system for generating hydrogen by using wind abandoning and light abandoning power as claimed in claim 2, further comprising: a power supply converter; the aluminum air cell power generation system and the fuel cell power generation system supply power to electric equipment through the power supply converter; the power supply device is at least one of a direct current load, an alternating current load and a national power grid.
4. A system for generating hydrogen by wind abandoning and light abandoning power generation according to claim 3, characterized in that, the power supply converter comprises a fourth DC/DC converter and/or a second DC/AC converter.
5. The system for generating hydrogen by utilizing wind abandoning and light abandoning power as claimed in claim 1, wherein the three-layer liquid energy storage system is in a vacuum environment, and comprises: the device comprises an energy storage tank, an anode structure, a cathode structure, a refractory structure, an anode liquid metal alloy, a cathode liquid metal and a first electrolyte;
the energy storage tank is divided into a charging area and an energy storage area by the fireproof structure; a discharge port at the bottom of the charging area is communicated with the energy storage area; the energy storage area is sequentially provided with the anode liquid metal alloy, the first electrolyte and the cathode liquid metal from bottom to top; the anode structure is in contact with the anode liquid metal alloy; the cathode structure is in contact with the cathode liquid metal.
6. The system for generating hydrogen by using wind abandoning and light abandoning power as claimed in claim 5, wherein the anode structure comprises an anode lead and an anode graphite block; the cathode structure comprises a cathode lead and a cathode graphite block; the bottom of the anode liquid metal alloy is in contact with the anode graphite block; the bottom of the anode graphite block is provided with an anode lead; the surface of the cathode liquid metal is in contact with the cathode graphite block; the cathode lead is connected with the cathode graphite block.
7. The system for generating hydrogen by using wind abandoning and light abandoning power as claimed in claim 5, wherein the anode liquid metal alloy is liquid Sn-Bi, the cathode liquid metal is liquid metal Li, and the first electrolyte is LI-KI electrolyte.
8. The system for generating hydrogen by utilizing wind abandoning and light abandoning power as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aluminum electrolysis cell comprises a reaction cell, an anode, a cathode and a second electrolyte; the bottom of the reaction tank is inserted into the cathode; the anode is inserted into the side wall of the reaction tank; the second electrolyte is placed in the reaction tank; after alumina enters the reaction tank, liquid aluminum is precipitated in a first set area where the cathode is located, and oxygen is released in a second set area where the anode is located.
9. According to the claimsThe system for generating hydrogen by utilizing abandoned wind and abandoned light is characterized in that the anode is Ni-Fe-Al2O3Cermet, the cathode is formed by spraying TiB on the surface of steel2The second electrolyte is NaF-AlF3-BaF2-CaF2And (4) melting the melt.
10. A system for generating hydrogen by using wind abandoning and light abandoning power as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aluminum-air cell power generation system comprises a cell stack main body structure;
the main structure of the cell stack comprises a single cell container, a filter screen, a waste liquid tank, a liquid storage tank and a pumping device; a single cell is placed in the single cell container; a liquid discharge hole is formed in the bottom of the single battery container; the filter screen is arranged at the bottom of the single cell container; the filter screen is of a drawer structure, the upper part of the filter screen is attached to the lower surface of the monocell container, and the lower part of the filter screen is of a metal net structure; the waste liquid tank is arranged below the filter screen; the liquid storage tank is communicated with the single cell container through the pumping device.
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| CN115092885A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-09-23 | 济南易航新材料科技有限公司 | System and method for producing hydrogen by using waste aluminum impurities |
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