CN113054442A - Preparation method and superstructure design method of multi-scale three-dimensional graphene-carbon nanotube-nickel-based flexible electromagnetic wave-absorbing composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method and superstructure design method of multi-scale three-dimensional graphene-carbon nanotube-nickel-based flexible electromagnetic wave-absorbing composite material Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
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- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
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- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/158—Carbon nanotubes
- C01B32/16—Preparation
- C01B32/166—Preparation in liquid phase
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
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- H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
- H05K9/0073—Shielding materials
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- H05K9/0088—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding comprising a plurality of shielding layers; combining different shielding material structure
Abstract
The invention provides a 3D nano-structure electromagnetic wave-absorbing material, a preparation method and application thereof, a flexible electromagnetic wave-absorbing film and an electromagnetic wave-absorbing superstructure array, and belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials. According to the invention, the electromagnetic wave-absorbing material with the 3D nano structure is prepared into the electromagnetic wave-absorbing superstructure array, and the microstructure of the wave-absorbing material is combined with the macrostructure of the superstructure array, so that the electromagnetic wave-absorbing material has excellent wave-absorbing performance, and the electromagnetic wave-absorbing property of the flexible film is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials, in particular to a 3D nano-structure electromagnetic wave-absorbing material and a preparation method and application thereof, a flexible electromagnetic wave-absorbing film and a preparation method thereof, and an electromagnetic wave-absorbing superstructure array.
Background
In recent years, with the application of new electronic devices, electromagnetic radiation has become a hidden danger. Electromagnetic radiation not only affects the communication function of high-precision instruments, but also has adverse effects on the health condition of human bodies. In order to reduce the negative effects caused by electromagnetic radiation, electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials and structures are widely concerned by researchers and industries at home and abroad. The traditional metal electromagnetic wave-absorbing material has high density, high hardness and narrow effective absorption wave band, and is not suitable for the current complex use environment. The characteristics of the emerging flexible electromagnetic wave-absorbing composite material such as excellent wave-absorbing performance, high flexibility, low density, low thickness and the like are key technologies for developing the next generation of electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials.
The invention provides a design method of a flexible electromagnetic wave-absorbing composite material structure, which is based on the synthesis of a micro-scale three-dimensional nanostructure electromagnetic material, improves the electromagnetic wave-absorbing performance of the flexible composite material through the design of a macro-scale three-dimensional superstructure array, and successfully prepares the flexible electromagnetic wave-absorbing composite material structure with multiple bands, wide frequency domains, high flexibility and low density. In addition, the flexible electromagnetic wave-absorbing composite material structure can be integrated into a fiber reinforced composite material to realize function-structure integrated design and manufacture, can be used for civil and military fields such as electromagnetic interference resistance, radar wave absorption and the like, and has strong research potential and application value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a 3D nano-structure electromagnetic wave-absorbing material, a preparation method and application thereof, a flexible electromagnetic wave-absorbing film and an electromagnetic wave-absorbing superstructure array.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a preparation method of a 3D nano-structure electromagnetic wave-absorbing material, which comprises the following steps:
dispersing metallocene and graphene into acetonitrile to obtain a dispersion liquid; the metallocene comprises nickelocene, ferrocene or cobaltocene;
and carrying out microwave reaction on the dispersion liquid to obtain the 3D nano-structure electromagnetic wave-absorbing material.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the metallocene to the graphene is (0.5-1.5): 1; the dosage ratio of the graphene to the acetonitrile is 20mg (0.8-1.5) mL; the microwave reaction power is 500-900W, and the time is 180-240 s.
The invention provides a 3D nano-structure electromagnetic wave-absorbing material prepared by the preparation method in the scheme, which comprises graphene, a carbon nano tube and a metal simple substance, wherein the carbon nano tube and the metal simple substance are positioned on a graphene sheet layer; the metal simple substance is Ni, Fe or Co.
The invention provides application of the 3D nano-structure electromagnetic wave-absorbing material in the scheme in preparation of the electromagnetic wave-absorbing material.
The invention provides a flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing film which comprises a flexible substrate and a 3D nano-structure electromagnetic wave absorbing material dispersed in the flexible substrate, wherein the 3D nano-structure electromagnetic wave absorbing material is the 3D nano-structure electromagnetic wave absorbing material in the scheme.
Preferably, the chemical composition of the flexible substrate comprises PVDF, PEDOT: PSS or Triton.
The invention provides a preparation method of the flexible electromagnetic wave-absorbing film, which comprises the following steps: dispersing the 3D nanostructure electromagnetic wave-absorbing material of claim 3 into a flexible substrate, and making the obtained dispersion into a film to obtain the flexible electromagnetic wave-absorbing film.
The invention provides an electromagnetic wave absorbing superstructure array, which consists of a plurality of periodic units, wherein each periodic unit consists of five layers of flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing films; the sizes of two adjacent layers of flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing films are different; each layer of flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing film is the flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing film or the flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing film prepared by the preparation method.
Preferably, in each period unit, the thickness of each layer of flexible electromagnetic wave-absorbing film is 1 mm; from the bottom up, the length and the width of first layer are 20mm, and the length and the width of second layer independently are 8.6 ~ 9.2mm, and the length and the width of third layer independently are 9.6 ~ 9.8mm, and the length and the width of fourth layer independently are 15.6 ~ 15.9mm, and the length and the width of fifth layer independently are 18.1 ~ 18.5 mm.
Preferably, in each period unit, the thickness of each layer of flexible electromagnetic wave-absorbing film is 1 mm; from the bottom up, the length and the width of first layer are 20mm, and the length and the width of second layer are independently 15.8 ~ 16.6mm, and the length and the width of third layer are independently 10.4 ~ 11.4mm, and the length and the width of fourth layer are independently 13.4 ~ 13.9mm, and the length and the width of fifth layer are independently 10.8 ~ 11.5 mm.
The invention provides a preparation method of a 3D nano-structure electromagnetic wave-absorbing material, which comprises the following steps: dispersing metallocene and graphene into acetonitrile to obtain a dispersion liquid; the metallocene comprises nickelocene, ferrocene or cobaltocene; and carrying out microwave reaction on the dispersion liquid to obtain the 3D nano-structure electromagnetic wave-absorbing material.
According to the invention, the metallocene is decomposed to generate metal particles through microwave heating, and under the catalytic action of the metal particles, the decomposition product of acetonitrile is used as a carbon source to grow into the carbon nano tube on the graphene sheet layer. The wave-absorbing material mainly comprises carbon materials (carbon nano tubes and graphene), has low density, and is favorable for obtaining an effective absorption waveband of a wide frequency domain due to a generated microstructure.
The wave-absorbing material is used for preparing the flexible electromagnetic wave-absorbing film, and the obtained film has the characteristics of low density, high flexibility and wide frequency domain.
The wave-absorbing material is used for preparing an electromagnetic wave-absorbing superstructure array, and the wave-absorbing material with specific performance can be prepared through the synergistic effect of a microstructure and a macrostructure. Specifically, the invention can respectively obtain the maximum effective absorption bandwidth and the minimum electromagnetic wave reflection value by designing two different macrostructures.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of the 3D nano-structured electromagnetic wave-absorbing material prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic superstructure I array;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic superstructure II array;
fig. 4 is a graph of electromagnetic wave reflection intensity of the electromagnetic superstructure I array and the electromagnetic superstructure II array.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of a 3D nano-structure electromagnetic wave-absorbing material, which comprises the following steps:
dispersing metallocene and graphene into acetonitrile to obtain a dispersion liquid; the metallocene comprises nickelocene, ferrocene or cobaltocene;
and carrying out microwave reaction on the dispersion liquid to obtain the 3D nano-structure electromagnetic wave-absorbing material.
In the present invention, the starting materials used are all commercially available products well known in the art, unless otherwise specified.
The method comprises the step of dispersing the metallocene and the graphene into acetonitrile to obtain a dispersion liquid.
In the present invention, the metallocene comprises a nickelocene, ferrocene or cobaltocene, preferably a nickelocene.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the metallocene to the graphene is preferably (0.5-1.5) to 1, and more preferably 1 to 1; the dosage ratio of the graphene to the acetonitrile is preferably 20mg (0.8-1.5) mL, and more preferably 20mg to 1 mL.
The invention preferably uses ultrasound to perform the dispersion. In the invention, the time of the ultrasonic treatment is preferably 30-60 min, and more preferably 40-50 min.
After the dispersion liquid is obtained, the invention carries out microwave reaction on the dispersion liquid to obtain the 3D nano-structure electromagnetic wave-absorbing material.
According to the invention, the dispersion is preferably placed in a quartz tube and placed in a microwave heating device for microwave reaction. In the invention, the power of the microwave reaction is preferably 500-900W, more preferably 600-800W, and further preferably 700W; the time is preferably 180 to 240 seconds, and more preferably 200 to 220 seconds.
In the microwave reaction process, acetonitrile is decomposed, metallocene is decomposed to generate metal particles, and under the catalytic action of the metal particles, the decomposition products of the acetonitrile are used as carbon sources to grow into carbon nano tubes on graphene sheets.
The wave-absorbing material provided by the invention mainly comprises a carbon material, has low density, and the generated microstructure is favorable for obtaining an effective absorption waveband of a wide frequency domain.
The invention provides a 3D nano-structure electromagnetic wave-absorbing material prepared by the preparation method in the scheme, which comprises graphene, a carbon nano tube and a metal simple substance, wherein the carbon nano tube and the metal simple substance are positioned on a graphene sheet layer; the metal simple substance is Ni, Fe or Co.
The invention provides a flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing film which comprises a flexible substrate and a 3D nano-structure electromagnetic wave absorbing material dispersed in the flexible substrate, wherein the 3D nano-structure electromagnetic wave absorbing material is the 3D nano-structure electromagnetic wave absorbing material in the scheme.
In the present invention, the flexible substrate preferably comprises PVDF, PEDOT: PSS or Triton, more preferably PVDF.
The thickness of the flexible electromagnetic wave-absorbing film has no special requirement and can be determined according to actual requirements. In the embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing film for performance detection is 5 mm. The film of the invention adopts a flexible substrate, so that the flexibility is good.
The invention provides a preparation method of the flexible electromagnetic wave-absorbing film, which comprises the following steps: and dispersing the 3D nano-structure electromagnetic wave-absorbing material in the scheme into a flexible substrate, and preparing the obtained dispersion into a film to obtain the flexible electromagnetic wave-absorbing film.
In the present invention, the flexible substrate is preferably PVDF, PEDOT: PSS or Triton, more preferably PVDF. In the invention, the mass ratio of the flexible substrate to the 3D nano-structure electromagnetic wave-absorbing material is preferably (7-9): 1, more preferably 9: 1. In the invention, the dispersion is preferably carried out under the ultrasonic condition, and the ultrasonic temperature is preferably 60-80 ℃, more preferably 65-75 ℃; the time of the ultrasonic treatment is preferably 10-20 min, and more preferably 12-18 min. The power of the ultrasound is not particularly required by the present invention and may be any known in the art.
In the present invention, the film formation is preferably performed in the following manner: and pouring the dispersion into a mould, and curing for 12 hours at 40 ℃ to obtain the flexible electromagnetic wave-absorbing film.
The invention provides an electromagnetic wave absorbing superstructure array, which consists of a plurality of periodic units, wherein each periodic unit consists of five layers of flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing films; the sizes of two adjacent layers of flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing films are different; the flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing film is the flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing film or the flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing film prepared by the preparation method.
In the invention, the thickness of each layer of flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing film in each period unit is preferably the same.
The electromagnetic wave-absorbing superstructure array is preferably an electromagnetic superstructure I array or an electromagnetic superstructure II array.
The electromagnetic superstructure I array of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 2.
As shown in fig. 2, the electromagnetic superstructure I array is composed of a number of periodic units; all the periodic units are distributed at equal intervals, and are distributed in a rectangular shape as a whole. In the invention, the distance between the lowest layer of the flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing film of the adjacent periodic units is preferably 0, namely the lowest layer of the adjacent periodic units is continuously distributed.
Each period unit consists of five layers of flexible electromagnetic wave-absorbing films. In the invention, the thickness of each layer of flexible electromagnetic wave-absorbing film is preferably 1 mm; from bottom to top, the length and width of the first layer are preferably 20mm, the length and width of the second layer are independently preferably 8.6-9.2 mm, the length and width of the third layer are independently preferably 9.6-9.8 mm, the length and width of the fourth layer are independently preferably 15.6-15.9 mm, and the length and width of the fifth layer are independently preferably 18.1-18.5 mm. In the invention, the length and the width of each layer of the flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing film are preferably equal. In the invention, the centers of the flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing films are preferably overlapped in each period unit.
In the invention, the macroscopic structure of the electromagnetic superstructure I array is matched with the microscopic structure of the electromagnetic wave-absorbing material, so that the electromagnetic superstructure I array has the maximum effective absorption bandwidth.
The electromagnetic superstructure II array of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 3.
As shown in fig. 3, the electromagnetic superstructure II array is composed of several periodic units; all the periodic units are distributed at equal intervals, and are distributed in a rectangular shape as a whole. In the invention, the distance between the lowest layer of the flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing film of the adjacent periodic units is preferably 0, namely the lowest layer of the adjacent periodic units is continuously distributed.
In the electromagnetic superstructure II array, each periodic unit consists of five layers of flexible electromagnetic wave-absorbing films. In the invention, the thickness of each layer of flexible electromagnetic wave-absorbing film is preferably 1 mm; from bottom to top, the length and width of the first layer are preferably 20mm, the length and width of the second layer are independently preferably 15.8-16.6 mm, the length and width of the third layer are independently preferably 10.4-11.4 mm, the length and width of the fourth layer are independently preferably 13.4-13.9 mm, and the length and width of the fifth layer are independently preferably 10.8-11.5 mm.
In the invention, the length and the width of each layer of the flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing film are preferably equal. In the invention, the centers of the flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing films are preferably overlapped in each period unit.
In the invention, the macroscopic structure of the electromagnetic superstructure II array is matched with the microscopic structure of the electromagnetic wave-absorbing material, so that the electromagnetic superstructure II array has the minimum electromagnetic wave reflection value.
The invention has no special requirements on the preparation of the electromagnetic wave-absorbing superstructure array, and the structure can be obtained.
In the embodiment of the invention, the specific preparation process is as follows:
designing a mould according to the electromagnetic wave-absorbing superstructure array;
dispersing the 3D nano-structure electromagnetic wave-absorbing material into a flexible substrate, injecting the obtained dispersion into a mold coated with a demolding material, and curing to obtain the electromagnetic wave-absorbing superstructure array.
In the invention, the curing temperature is preferably 60 ℃, and the curing time is preferably 5-8 hours.
The following describes in detail the 3D nanostructure electromagnetic wave absorbing material, the preparation method and the application thereof, the flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing film, and the electromagnetic wave absorbing superstructure array provided by the present invention with reference to the examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Dispersing 300mg of graphene and 300mg of nickelocene into 15mL of acetonitrile, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min to obtain a dispersion liquid;
and putting the dispersion liquid into a quartz tube, and putting the quartz tube into a microwave heating device to heat for 180s at the power of 700W to obtain black fluffy powder which is marked as nano 3D Graphene/CNT/Ni.
Example 2
PVDF solution was prepared by dissolving 4g of PVDF powder in 20ml of a solution of PVDF and subjecting the solution to ultrasonic treatment at 70 ℃ for 15 minutes.
Dispersing the nano 3D Graphene/CNT/Ni prepared in the example 1 into a PVDF solution (mass ratio of 1:9), and performing ultrasonic treatment at 60 ℃ for 10min to obtain a dispersion liquid;
and pouring the dispersion into a mould, and curing for 12 hours at 40 ℃ to obtain the flexible electromagnetic wave-absorbing film.
Example 3
Dispersing the nano 3D Graphene/CNT/Ni prepared in the example 1 into PVDF (mass ratio of 1:9), and performing ultrasonic treatment for 10min at 60 ℃ to obtain a dispersion liquid;
designing a mould structure according to the structure shown in FIG. 2;
injecting the dispersion into a mold, and curing for 5 hours at 60 ℃ to obtain an electromagnetic superstructure I array; wherein, the first layers of adjacent periodic units are seamlessly connected and continuously distributed; in each period unit, the thickness of each layer of flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing film is 1 mm; from the bottom up, the length and width of first layer are 20mm, the length and width of second layer are 8.8mm, the length and width of third layer are 9.73mm, the length and width of fourth layer are 15.87mm, the length and width of fifth layer are 18.32mm, the center coincidence of every layer of flexible electromagnetism wave absorbing film in every period unit.
Example 4
Dispersing the nano 3D Graphene/CNT/Ni prepared in the example 1 into PVDF (mass ratio of 1:9), and performing ultrasonic treatment for 10min at 60 ℃ to obtain a dispersion liquid;
designing a mould structure according to the structure shown in FIG. 3;
injecting the dispersion into a mold, and curing for 5 hours at 60 ℃ to obtain an electromagnetic superstructure II array; wherein, the seamless connection of the first layer of the adjacent periodic units is continuously distributed; in each period unit, the thickness of each layer of flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing film is 1 mm; from the bottom up, the length and the width of first layer are 20mm, the length and the width of second layer are 16.4mm, the length and the width of third layer are 10.8mm, the length and the width of fourth layer are 13.8mm, the length and the width of fifth layer are 11mm, the center coincidence of every layer of flexible electromagnetism wave absorbing film in every period unit.
And (3) testing structure and performance:
1. scanning electron microscope observation is carried out on the nano 3D Graphene/CNT/Ni prepared in example 1, and the result is shown in figure 1. As shown in figure 1, the wave-absorbing material prepared by the invention is of a three-dimensional nano structure.
2. Theoretical simulations were performed on the electromagnetic superstructure I array prepared in example 3 and the electromagnetic superstructure II array prepared in example 4, with the results shown in fig. 4. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the effective absorption bandwidth (the reflection intensity of the electromagnetic wave is less than or equal to-10 dB) of the superstructure I array is 13.18GHz, and the minimum reflection intensity is-17 dB; the effective absorption bandwidth (the reflection intensity of electromagnetic waves is less than or equal to minus 10dB) of the electromagnetic superstructure II array is 8.5GHz, and the minimum reflection intensity is minus 50 dB.
According to the embodiments, the flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing film and the electromagnetic wave absorbing superstructure array prepared by the 3D nano-structure electromagnetic wave absorbing material have excellent electromagnetic wave absorbing performance.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a 3D nano-structure electromagnetic wave-absorbing material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
dispersing metallocene and graphene into acetonitrile to obtain a dispersion liquid; the metallocene comprises nickelocene, ferrocene or cobaltocene;
and carrying out microwave reaction on the dispersion liquid to obtain the 3D nano-structure electromagnetic wave-absorbing material.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the metallocene to the graphene is (0.5-1.5): 1; the dosage ratio of the graphene to the acetonitrile is 20mg (0.8-1.5) mL; the microwave reaction power is 500-900W, and the time is 180-240 s.
3. The 3D nano-structure electromagnetic wave-absorbing material prepared by the preparation method of claim 1 or 2, which comprises graphene, carbon nanotubes and metal simple substances, wherein the carbon nanotubes and the metal simple substances are positioned on a graphene sheet layer; the metal simple substance is Ni, Fe or Co.
4. The 3D nano-structured electromagnetic wave absorbing material according to claim 3, for use in the preparation of electromagnetic wave absorbing materials.
5. A flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing film comprises a flexible substrate and a 3D nano-structure electromagnetic wave absorbing material dispersed in the flexible substrate, wherein the 3D nano-structure electromagnetic wave absorbing material is the 3D nano-structure electromagnetic wave absorbing material in claim 3.
6. The flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing film according to claim 5, wherein the chemical composition of the flexible substrate comprises PVDF, PEDOT: PSS or Triton.
7. The preparation method of the flexible electromagnetic wave-absorbing film of claim 5 or 6, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: dispersing the 3D nanostructure electromagnetic wave-absorbing material of claim 3 into a flexible substrate, and making the obtained dispersion into a film to obtain the flexible electromagnetic wave-absorbing film.
8. An electromagnetic wave absorbing superstructure array is composed of a plurality of periodic units, wherein each periodic unit is composed of five layers of flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing films; the sizes of two adjacent layers of flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing films are different; each layer of flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing film is the flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing film in claim 5 or 6 or the flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing film prepared by the preparation method in claim 7.
9. The electromagnetic wave absorbing superstructure array of claim 8, wherein in each periodic unit, the thickness of each layer of flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing film is 1 mm; from the bottom up, the length and the width of first layer are 20mm, and the length and the width of second layer independently are 8.6 ~ 9.2mm, and the length and the width of third layer independently are 9.6 ~ 9.8mm, and the length and the width of fourth layer independently are 15.6 ~ 15.9mm, and the length and the width of fifth layer independently are 18.1 ~ 18.5 mm.
10. The electromagnetic wave absorbing superstructure array of claim 8, wherein in each periodic unit, the thickness of each layer of flexible electromagnetic wave absorbing film is 1 mm; from the bottom up, the length and the width of first layer are 20mm, and the length and the width of second layer are independently 15.8 ~ 16.6mm, and the length and the width of third layer are independently 10.4 ~ 11.4mm, and the length and the width of fourth layer are independently 13.4 ~ 13.9mm, and the length and the width of fifth layer are independently 10.8 ~ 11.5 mm.
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