CN113053342B - Underwater acoustic collimator breaking through diffraction limit - Google Patents
Underwater acoustic collimator breaking through diffraction limit Download PDFInfo
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- CN113053342B CN113053342B CN202110330023.9A CN202110330023A CN113053342B CN 113053342 B CN113053342 B CN 113053342B CN 202110330023 A CN202110330023 A CN 202110330023A CN 113053342 B CN113053342 B CN 113053342B
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- 230000026683 transduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 238000010361 transduction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K9/00—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers
- G10K9/12—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated
- G10K9/122—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated using piezoelectric driving means
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an underwater acoustic collimator breaking through diffraction limit, which is coupled in corresponding transmitting transducer by signal, wherein the underwater acoustic collimator comprises a first transduction mechanism and a second transduction mechanism which are made of gradient super-structural materials; the first transduction mechanism comprises a solid square base, the square base is provided with a transduction array, the transduction array comprises a plurality of transduction pieces arranged in a rectangular array, the transduction pieces are of conical solid structures, the radiuses of the bottom circular surfaces of all the transduction pieces are the same, and the heights of all the transduction pieces are the same; the second transduction mechanism has the same structure as the first transduction mechanism, and is arranged symmetrically up and down with the second transduction mechanism, and the transduction pieces corresponding up and down are arranged in a propping way.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of underwater acoustic transduction, in particular to an underwater acoustic collimator which breaks through the diffraction limit.
Background
The underwater acoustic transducer is a device capable of mutually converting acoustic energy and electric energy (or two different forms of energy), and can be used in the fields of underwater target detection, underwater communication and the like.
However, practical underwater acoustic transducers have the following disadvantages: (1) Conventional hydroacoustic transducers typically employ a quarter-wavelength matching layer in order to match the impedance between the piezoelectric material and the working medium water, resulting in a narrowband effect. And due to the discontinuity and unity of acoustic impedance of the single layer matching layer material, total transmission of sound waves is often not achieved, and a portion of the acoustic energy is reflected resulting in attenuation of the sound intensity of the transmitted sound waves. (2) Since θ=arcsin (1.22λ/D) indicates that the transducer has a diffraction limit, and the object resolution d=θ in the case of unit distance, the underwater detection resolution of the transducer is inversely proportional to the mechanical size (i.e. the diameter of the radiation surface) and the emission frequency, so that the existing transducer has a limitation in both size and acoustic frequency. The conventional transducer breaks through the diffraction limit, and a large number of active phased arrays are required to be introduced, so that the structural design becomes very complex.
The invention aims at solving the problems existing in the prior art and designing an underwater acoustic collimator which breaks through the diffraction limit.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the underwater acoustic collimator which breaks through the diffraction limit and can effectively solve the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an underwater acoustic collimator breaking through diffraction limit, signal-coupled in a corresponding transmitting transducer, the underwater acoustic collimator comprising a first transduction mechanism and a second transduction mechanism made of a gradient super-structured material;
the first transduction mechanism comprises a solid square base, the square base is provided with a transduction array, the transduction array comprises a plurality of transduction pieces arranged in a rectangular array, the transduction pieces are of conical solid structures, the radiuses of the bottom circular surfaces of all the transduction pieces are the same, and the heights of all the transduction pieces are the same;
the second transduction mechanism has the same structure as the first transduction mechanism, and is arranged symmetrically up and down with the second transduction mechanism, and the transduction pieces corresponding up and down are arranged in a propping way.
Further, the wavelength of the radiated sound wave of the transmitting transducer in water is defined as λ, and the lattice constant a of the transducer array is 0.2λ -0.3λ.
Further, the height of the transducer is 200 mm-220 mm.
Further, the radius of the bottom circular surface of the transducer is 4.7-mm-4.9 mm.
Further, the square base is provided with a transduction array placement area, the length of the transduction array placement area is 420mm-460mm, the width of the transduction array placement area is 240 mm-280 mm, and the transduction array is arranged in the transduction array placement area.
Further, the width of the square base is 35-45mm larger than the width of the transduction array placement area, and the length of the square base is 35-45mm larger than the length of the transduction array placement area.
Further, a supporting rod is arranged between the upper square base and the lower square base.
Further, the first transduction mechanism and the second transduction mechanism are made of ABS materials.
Further, the first transduction mechanism and the second transduction mechanism are made of an ABS material with acoustic impedance of 3.1 Mrayl-3.2 Mrayl.
Further, the center frequency of the radiation sound wave of the transmitting transducer is 36kHz-40kHz.
Accordingly, the present invention provides the following effects and/or advantages:
1. according to the invention, the specific structure of the underwater acoustic collimator is provided with the first transduction mechanism and the second transduction mechanism which are vertically symmetrical, all transduction pieces are identical in structure, the transduction pieces which are vertically corresponding are mutually abutted, the wave front is modulated by the phase of the underwater acoustic collimator, and the acoustic wave can simultaneously reduce the acoustic beam width and increase the acoustic energy of the main shaft after passing through the underwater acoustic collimator. By designing the linear sound velocity gradient, the propagation time at two ends of the collimator can be effectively shortened, so that the effect of phase control is achieved, and the original sound wave which is not subjected to phase modulation passes through the phase advance effect of the underwater sound collimator, and finally an underwater undiffracted beam is formed.
2. The beam widths of the underwater signals received at the circular arcs with the radii of 700mm, 500mm, 300mm, 100mm and 50mm are respectively about 8.36 degrees, 7.05 degrees, 7.72 degrees and 8.81 degrees, and are smaller than the beam width of an echo sound der per se with a sound elimination plate by 9.04 degrees.
3. Compared with the underwater transduction emitter, the underwater transduction emitter can be gained, the gain is about 20%, and therefore the object resolution under the condition of unit distance is improved.
4. The invention can effectively reduce the wave beam width of the transducer, thereby ensuring that the underwater acoustic detector can reduce the reflected wave interference of the water surface and the water bottom, and can also increase the energy of the main lobe so as to realize the underwater acoustic detection and detection function of longer distance.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description of the present invention are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first transducer according to the first embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a transducer according to the first embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a beam angle table according to the first embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of directivity experiment.
Fig. 6 is an actual photograph of the directivity test.
Fig. 7 is a graph of experimental results of underwater directivity measurement.
Fig. 8 is a graph of experimental results of underwater directivity measurement.
Detailed Description
For the convenience of understanding by those skilled in the art, the structure of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:
an underwater acoustic collimator breaking through diffraction limit, signal-coupled in a corresponding transmitting transducer, the underwater acoustic collimator comprising a first transduction mechanism and a second transduction mechanism made of a gradient super-structured material;
the first transduction mechanism comprises a solid square base, the square base is provided with a transduction array, the transduction array comprises a plurality of transduction pieces arranged in a rectangular array, the transduction pieces are of conical solid structures, the radiuses of the bottom circular surfaces of all the transduction pieces are the same, and the heights of all the transduction pieces are the same;
the second transduction mechanism has the same structure as the first transduction mechanism, and is arranged symmetrically up and down with the second transduction mechanism, and the transduction pieces corresponding up and down are arranged in a propping way.
Further, the wavelength of the radiated sound wave of the transmitting transducer in water is defined as λ, and the lattice constant a of the transducer array is 0.2λ -0.3λ.
Further, the height of the transducer is 200 mm-220 mm.
Further, the radius of the bottom circular surface of the transducer is 4.7-mm-4.9 mm.
Further, the square base is provided with a transduction array placement area, the length of the transduction array placement area is 420mm-460mm, the width of the transduction array placement area is 240 mm-280 mm, and the transduction array is arranged in the transduction array placement area.
Further, the width of the square base is 35-45mm larger than the width of the transduction array placement area, and the length of the square base is 35-45mm larger than the length of the transduction array placement area.
Further, a supporting rod is arranged between the upper square base and the lower square base.
Further, the first transduction mechanism and the second transduction mechanism are made of ABS materials.
Further, the first transduction mechanism and the second transduction mechanism are made of an ABS material with acoustic impedance of 3.1 Mrayl-3.2 Mrayl.
Further, the center frequency of the radiation sound wave of the transmitting transducer is 36kHz-40kHz.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-3, an underwater acoustic collimator breaking through diffraction limit is printed through 3D integral molding, and the underwater acoustic collimator is coupled with a corresponding echo sound transmitter transducer, the radius of a radiation surface of the echo sound transmitter transducer is 130mm, the central frequency of a radiation sound wave of the transmitter transducer is 38kHz, and the underwater acoustic collimator comprises a first transduction mechanism 1 and a second transduction mechanism 2 which are made of gradient super-structural materials;
the first transduction mechanism 1 comprises a solid square base 3, the square base 3 is provided with a transduction array, the transduction array comprises a plurality of transduction pieces 4 arranged in a rectangular array, the transduction pieces 4 are of conical solid structures, the radiuses of the bottom circular surfaces of all the transduction pieces 4 are the same, and the heights of all the transduction pieces 4 are the same;
the second transduction mechanism 2 has the same structure as the first transduction mechanism 1, and the second transduction mechanism 1 and the second transduction mechanism 2 are arranged symmetrically up and down, and the transduction pieces 4 corresponding up and down are arranged in a butt joint manner.
Further, the wavelength of the radiated sound wave of the transmitting transducer in water is defined as λ, and the lattice constant a of the transducer array is 0.2λ -0.3λ. In this embodiment, the lattice constant a of the transducer array is specifically 0.25λ. From the lattice constant a=0.25λ and the center frequency 38kHz of the underwater transmitting transducer, it is known that the lattice constant is set to 12mm, that is, the distance between the centers of the bottom surfaces of adjacent transducers is 12mm. In other embodiments, the lattice constant a of the transduction array may also be 0.2λ or 0.3λ.
Further, the height of the transducer 4 is 210mm.
Further, the radius of the bottom circular surface of the transducer 4 is 4.8396mm.
Further, the square base 3 is provided with a transducer array placement area 301, the length of the transducer array placement area 301 is 420mm, the width of the transducer array placement area 301 is 240mm, and the transducer array is disposed in the transducer array placement area 301.
Further, the width of the square base 3 is 280mm, and the length of the square base 3 is 460mm. In the present embodiment, the number of transducers 4 is 35×20.
Further, a supporting rod (not shown) is disposed between the upper and lower square bases 1. In this embodiment, connect through the bracing piece upper and lower square base 1, more specifically, four corners of square base 1 are provided with the locking hole, and the bracing piece is the bolt, sets up between square base 1 from top to bottom through the bolt locking, plays the supporting role.
Further, the first transduction mechanism 1 and the second transduction mechanism 2 are made of ABS material having acoustic impedance of 3.1 Mrayl-3.2 Mrayl. In this example, the ink was printed using an ABS material having an acoustic impedance of 3.0475 Mrayl, which has a small difference from that of water, 1.48 Mrayl. By designing the decreasing trend of the acoustic impedance distribution from ABS material to water to be linear gradient.
Working principle:
by the principle of integration, the transducer is regarded as a conical structure composed of a large enough number of sheets, and the sound velocity is the firstLayer (/ ->) The propagation time of (2) is:
。
setting the sound velocity value of the upper end of the collimator asThe sound velocity value in the center of the collimator is +.>The sound velocity at the lower end of the collimator is +.>The function of the change in sound velocity in the layer is:
。
wherein the sound velocity gradient:
。
the propagation time of each layer is:
。
by designing the linear sound velocity gradient, the propagation time at two ends of the collimator can be effectively shortened, so that the effect of phase control is achieved, and the original sound wave which is not subjected to phase modulation passes through the phase advance effect of the underwater sound collimator, and finally an underwater undiffracted beam is formed.
In addition, since the acoustic velocity distribution of the underwater collimator is linear gradient change, the acoustic characteristics of the underwater collimator are broadband and are not classical single-layer narrow-band transmission. By solving the sound field spatial distribution of the underwater echo radiation surface, the beam angle can be obtained as follows:
。
wherein,,is the wavelength of sound waves in the background medium (e.g. in water),>is the radiation surface diameter of echo. The echo beam angle simulated and measured by the above equation is shown in the table of fig. 4.
When the frequency of the incident wave is 38kHz, the wave front is subjected to phase modulation of the underwater collimator, and the sound wave can simultaneously reduce the width of the sound beam and increase the sound energy of the main shaft after passing through the underwater collimator, so that the two effects are difficult to achieve simultaneously in the traditional structural design.
Experimental data
And (3) carrying out directivity experiments on the underwater acoustic collimator of the first embodiment, and measuring and counting data of the underwater acoustic collimator.
The directivity experiment is shown in fig. 5-6, the underwater transmitting transducer works at 38kHz frequency, and in order to adapt to the receiving range of the hydrophone, the experiment adds a sound attenuation plate to the underwater transmitting transducer, the distance between the hydrophone and the underwater transmitting transducer is set to be 1m, and the distances between the underwater transmitting transducer and the underwater acoustic collimator are respectively 700mm, 500mm, 300mm, 100mm and 50mm.
The sound pressure amplitude measured for the underwater acoustic collimator is plotted to obtain the resulting graphs shown in fig. 7-8. The distances between the underwater transmitting transducer and the underwater acoustic collimator are 700mm, 500mm, 300mm, 100mm and 50mm, and the beam widths of corresponding received underwater signals are respectively about 8.36 degrees, 7.05 degrees, 7.72 degrees and 8.81 degrees, which are smaller than the beam width of the echo sound absorber with the sound elimination plate by 9.04 degrees. The amplitude of the echo sound absorber with the sound elimination plate and the underwater acoustic collimator is larger than that of the acoustic collimator without the structure, and the gain is about 20%. The double-sided directivity acute angle of the echo sound absorber with the sound-damping plate is about 21 degrees, the object resolution is about 36.6cm in unit distance, the double-sided directivity acute angles of the echo sound absorber with the sound-damping plate are different at different distances, the object resolutions are about 17.07%, 15.72%, 14.22%, 15.31 degrees and 16.39 degrees respectively in the conditions of 700mm, 500mm, 300mm, 100mm and 50mm, and the object resolutions are about 29.8cm, 27.4cm, 24.8cm, 26.7cm and 28.6cm respectively in the corresponding unit distance, and the object resolutions are improved by about 18.58%, 25.14%, 32.24%, 27.05% and 21.86% respectively. The underwater acoustic collimator has the advantages that the beam width of the transducer can be effectively reduced, so that the reflected wave interference of the water surface and the water bottom can be reduced, the main lobe energy can be increased, and the longer-distance underwater acoustic detection and detection function can be realized.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the invention, and all changes and modifications that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (10)
1. An underwater acoustic collimator breaking through diffraction limit, signal coupling in a corresponding transmitting transducer, characterized in that: the underwater acoustic collimator comprises a first transduction mechanism and a second transduction mechanism which are made of gradient super-structure materials;
the first transduction mechanism comprises a solid square base, the square base is provided with a transduction array, the transduction array comprises a plurality of transduction pieces arranged in a rectangular array, the transduction pieces are of conical solid structures, the radiuses of the bottom circular surfaces of all the transduction pieces are the same, and the heights of all the transduction pieces are the same;
the second transduction mechanism has the same structure as the first transduction mechanism, and is arranged symmetrically up and down with the second transduction mechanism, and the transduction pieces corresponding up and down are arranged in a propping way.
2. An underwater acoustic collimator breaking through diffraction limit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the wavelength of the radiation sound wave of the transmitting transducer in water is defined as lambda, and the lattice constant a of the transducer array is 0.2lambda-0.3lambda.
3. An underwater acoustic collimator breaking through diffraction limit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the height of the transduction piece is 200 mm-220 mm.
4. An underwater acoustic collimator breaking through diffraction limit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the radius of the bottom circular surface of the transducer is 4.8396mm.
5. An underwater acoustic collimator breaking through diffraction limit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the square base is provided with a transduction array placement area, the length of the transduction array placement area is 420mm-460mm, the width of the transduction array placement area is 240 mm-280 mm, and the transduction array is arranged in the transduction array placement area.
6. An underwater acoustic collimator breaking through diffraction limit as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the width of the square base is 35-45mm larger than the width of the transduction array placement area, and the length of the square base is 35-45mm larger than the length of the transduction array placement area.
7. An underwater acoustic collimator breaking through diffraction limit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: a supporting rod is arranged between the upper square base and the lower square base.
8. An underwater acoustic collimator breaking through diffraction limit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the first transduction mechanism and the second transduction mechanism are made of ABS materials.
9. An underwater acoustic collimator breaking through diffraction limit as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the first transduction mechanism and the second transduction mechanism are made of ABS materials with acoustic impedances of 3.1 Mrayl-3.2 Mrayl.
10. An underwater acoustic collimator breaking through diffraction limit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the center frequency of the radiation sound wave of the transmitting transducer is 36kHz-40kHz.
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