CN113052378A - Watershed multi-reservoir combined dispatching method based on water delivery efficiency and ecological benefits - Google Patents
Watershed multi-reservoir combined dispatching method based on water delivery efficiency and ecological benefits Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a watershed multi-reservoir combined scheduling method based on water delivery efficiency and ecological benefits, which comprises the steps of performing reservoir scheduling calculation according to a warehousing flow process, a riverway external water supply process and reservoir capacity constraint conditions to obtain a reservoir ex-warehouse flow process; constructing a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model based on the Horton infiltration principle, calculating the water flow to a downstream water collecting section, and obtaining the flow process of the ecological water quantity control section along the line and the flow process of the water collecting section; accumulating and calculating the water supply amount and the downstream water collection amount of each reservoir according to the outlet flow process and the water collection section flow process of each reservoir; constructing a multi-reservoir combined dispatching model containing a water delivery efficiency objective function and a river ecological benefit objective function and solving; and generating ecological combined dispatching schemes of the reservoirs according to the objective function values obtained by solving. The invention realizes the aim of optimizing ecological benefit from the perspective of the whole watershed, not only can improve the water delivery efficiency, but also can improve the guarantee degree of ecological water quantity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water resource scheduling, in particular to a watershed multi-reservoir combined scheduling method based on water delivery efficiency and ecological benefits.
Background
In recent years, the ecological water quantity of rivers is seriously insufficient due to the shortage of water resources and the unreasonable development and utilization of the water resources. In order to greatly promote ecological civilization construction, all areas, particularly northern water-deficient areas, begin to use large and medium reservoirs or external water transfer in watershed to carry out ecological water replenishing scheduling on water-deficient rivers, and the purpose is to rescue or restore the damaged river ecosystem and promote the self-repairing capability of the river ecosystem to be improved. The common method is to improve the ecological system of the downstream river by researching the water requirement of the ecological environment of the downstream river of large and medium hydraulic engineering, fully considering the reservoir regulation capacity, and reasonably utilizing the regulation performance of the hydraulic engineering.
(1) Because the water resource in China is relatively limited and the water transfer cost is relatively high, the ecological model only considers ecological water demand at present, the aspect of the utilization efficiency of surface water resources is not considered, and the water delivery efficiency and the ecological benefit are not considered. Especially, in the north China, the river basin is permanently determined, water resources are in short supply, the natural river channel is used for conducting long-distance water delivery by guiding yellow ecological water, the water delivery route is long, the difference of the water delivery efficiency of the river channel under different water delivery flow rates in different periods is large, and how to reasonably schedule external water delivery and local water is to improve the water delivery efficiency and ensure more ecological benefits is of great importance.
(2) At present, ecological scheduling is still limited to scheduling of ecological water demand of a river at the downstream of a reservoir in a single reservoir, the ecological water demand does not rise to the view angle of a full watershed, and the ecological benefit maximization of the full watershed is realized by performing unified ecological scheduling on local runoff and external water transfer by utilizing water conservancy projects along a water replenishing line on the basis of recognizing the heterogeneity of ecological water quantity guarantee space of the watershed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a watershed multi-reservoir combined dispatching method based on water delivery efficiency and ecological benefits.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a watershed multi-reservoir combined dispatching method based on water delivery efficiency and ecological benefits comprises the following steps:
s1, performing reservoir dispatching calculation according to the warehousing flow process, the riverway external water supply process and the reservoir capacity constraint conditions to obtain a reservoir ex-warehouse flow process;
s2, constructing a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model based on the Horton infiltration principle, and calculating the water flow to a downstream water collecting section to obtain a flow process of the ecological water quantity control section along the line and a flow process of the water collecting section;
s3, accumulating and calculating the water supply amount and the downstream water collection amount of each reservoir according to the outlet flow process and the water collection section flow process of each reservoir;
s4, constructing a multi-reservoir combined scheduling model containing a water delivery efficiency objective function and a river ecological benefit objective function, and solving the multi-reservoir combined scheduling model according to the water replenishing amount and downstream water collection amount of each reservoir and the flow process of an ecological water amount control section;
and S5, generating ecological joint scheduling schemes of the reservoirs according to the solved objective function values.
Further, the step S2 of constructing a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model based on the Horton infiltration principle includes the following sub-steps:
s21, constructing a Saint-Vietnam equation set considering the infiltration process;
s22, carrying out discrete solution on the Saint-Venum equation set constructed in the step S21 by adopting a Preissmann four-point weighting implicit difference method;
s23, simulating an infiltration process by using an improved Horton infiltration principle;
and S24, calibrating the infiltration parameters according to the historical water supplementing actual measurement flow process.
Further, the saint-wien equation set considering the infiltration process, which is constructed in the step S21, is specifically expressed as:
wherein A is the area of the cross section, Q is the flow, x is the distance of the river from a certain initial cross section along the way, t is the time, Z is the water level, Q is the water leveliThe infiltration flow is shown as alpha, the momentum correction coefficient is shown as alpha, the gravity acceleration is shown as g, and the flow modulus of the cross section is shown as K.
Further, the infiltration process simulated in step S23 is specifically represented as:
f＝α[fc+(f0-fc)e-kt]
wherein f is the infiltration capacity of the river reach at the moment t, f0Maximum infiltration capacity of the riverbed, fcIn order to stabilize the infiltration rate, k is the index of the physical properties of the bed material, and alpha is the adjustment coefficient.
Further, the step S24 of calibrating the infiltration parameter according to the historical water supplement measured flow process specifically includes:
constructing a runoff model of a downstream hydrological station in an ecological water replenishing process;
calculating simulated runoff in the ecological water replenishing process according to the constructed runoff model;
the minimum sum of squares of relative errors of the simulated runoff and the actual measured runoff in the ecological water replenishing process is used as a simulation precision target function;
and solving the simulation precision objective function according to the historical water replenishing actual measurement flow process to obtain the calibrated infiltration parameter.
Further, the simulation precision objective function is specifically expressed as:
wherein min F is a simulation precision objective function, m is the field frequency of a simulation ecological water replenishing process, and Wsim,jSimulation runoff of the ecological water replenishing process of the jth field, Wobs,jAnd the measured runoff of the ecological water replenishing process of the jth field.
Further, the multi-reservoir joint scheduling model in step S4 specifically includes:
a multi-reservoir joint scheduling objective function and constraint conditions; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the multi-reservoir combined dispatching objective function comprises a water delivery efficiency maximization objective function and a river ecological benefit maximization objective function;
the constraint conditions include a water supply available amount constraint condition, a discharge capacity constraint condition and a reservoir capacity constraint condition.
Further, the multi-reservoir joint scheduling objective function is expressed as:
wherein, max f1Maximizing the objective function for water delivery efficiency, max f2Maximizing the objective function for river ecological benefit, Wq, supplementThe water quantity of the q-th reservoir is the centralized water supply quantity or the external water transfer water supply quantity, m is the number of water supply sources, WHarvesting machineTo receive the water volume on the water-receiving section, It,lAnd controlling the section ecological water quantity meeting degree for the t time period l.
Further, the constraint is expressed as:
Wq, supplement≤Wq is available to
Qq,t≤Qmaxq,t
VDq,t≤Vq,t≤VXq,t
Wherein, Wq, supplementMake-up water quantity for downstream target reservoir of q-th reservoir, Wq is available toMaximum water replenishment quantity, Q, for replenishing water from the qth reservoir to the downstream target reservoirq,tThe discharge quantity of the qth reservoir at the t time period, Qmaxq,tThe discharge capacity of the qth reservoir at the t-th period, VDq,tIs the minimum storage capacity limit of the qth period of the qth reservoir, Vq,tThe maximum allowable storage capacity Vx of the qth period of the reservoirq,tThe storage capacity of the qth period of the qth reservoir.
Further, the method further comprises the step of screening the generated ecological joint scheduling schemes of the reservoirs according to a preset optimization strategy to obtain an optimal ecological joint scheduling scheme of the reservoirs.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention comprehensively considers the river water delivery efficiency and the ecological benefits of the river basin level, calculates the infiltration process and the water flow evolution process by constructing a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the Horton infiltration principle on one hand, and calculates the water delivery efficiency target of each scheme by assuming different water discharge flow processes to calculate the water receiving flow process of each scheme, and on the other hand, solves the ecological water quantity process of each ecological water quantity control section by different water discharge flow processes, and solves the ecological water quantity satisfaction degree of each ecological water quantity control section according to the ecological water demand target, thereby calculating the ecological benefit target, realizing the optimization of the ecological benefit target from the full basin angle, not only improving the water delivery efficiency, but also improving the ecological water quantity guarantee degree.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a watershed multi-reservoir combined dispatching method based on water delivery efficiency and ecological benefits;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the water delivery efficiency target and the ecological benefit target according to different schemes in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a watershed multi-reservoir joint scheduling method based on water delivery efficiency and ecological benefits, including the following steps S1 to S5:
s1, performing reservoir dispatching calculation according to the warehousing flow process, the riverway external water supply process and the reservoir capacity constraint conditions to obtain a reservoir ex-warehouse flow process;
in this embodiment, the present invention obtains the constraint conditions such as maximum storage capacity, minimum storage capacity, water supply capacity, etc. of the reservoir, the available water supply of the reservoir, the social and economic water demand outside the river, the ecological water demand process of the river, the river infiltration parameters, the large-section data, the roughness and other original data.
According to the method, reservoir dispatching calculation is carried out by adopting reservoir capacity constraint condition limitation according to the warehousing flow process and the riverway external water supply process, so that the reservoir delivery flow process is obtained.
S2, constructing a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model based on the Horton infiltration principle, and calculating the water flow to a downstream water collecting section to obtain a flow process of the ecological water quantity control section along the line and a flow process of the water collecting section;
in this embodiment, the construction of the one-dimensional hydrodynamic model based on the Horton infiltration principle includes the following sub-steps:
s21, constructing a Saint-Vietnam equation set considering the infiltration process;
in order to accurately reflect the river channel infiltration process and the lower section flow process and improve the simulation precision of river flood evolution, the infiltration process is considered in the holy-Venn equation set, and a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model based on the Horton infiltration principle is established in the river calculation process. Specifically, based on the holy-vern equation set, the water flow motion is described by using a water flow continuity equation and a momentum conservation equation, in the case of considering the infiltration, a resistance term formed by the infiltration water flow is reflected in the momentum conservation equation, but the infiltration speed is neglected because the infiltration speed is much smaller than the average flow velocity of a cross section, so that when the holy-vern equation set of the infiltration process is constructed, only the water flow continuity equation is considered to be adjusted, and the infiltration process is incorporated into the continuity equation according to the water quantity balance principle, and is specifically expressed as:
wherein A is the area of the cross section, Q is the flow, x is the distance of the river from a certain initial cross section along the way, t is the time, Z is the water level, Q is the water leveliThe infiltration flow is shown as alpha, the momentum correction coefficient is shown as alpha, the gravity acceleration is shown as g, and the flow modulus of the cross section is shown as K.
S22, carrying out discrete solution on the Saint-Venum equation set constructed in the step S21 by adopting a Preissmann four-point weighting implicit difference method;
s23, simulating an infiltration process by using an improved Horton infiltration principle;
the river channel infiltration rate is a quantity which changes along with time in a complex way, and is related to geological lithologic conditions of a river bed, the upstream incoming water flow of the river channel, the accumulated infiltration amount of the river channel and other factors. According to the concentrated water supplement data over the years, the river infiltration rate is high in the initial stage of water supplement, but the river infiltration rate is high, the river infiltration rate is reduced rapidly, and then the stable infiltration stage is gradually started. The river infiltration form is very similar to the Hoton saturation infiltration theory, so the infiltration amount in the river flow calculation formula is simulated by adopting an empirical formula of a Hoton infiltration capacity curve, and is expressed as
f＝fc+(f0-fc)e-kt
qi＝fi×Ai
Wherein f is the infiltration capacity of the river reach at the moment t, f0Maximum infiltration capacity of the riverbed, fcIn order to stabilize the infiltration rate, k is an index of the physical properties of the bed.
According to the water replenishing monitoring data, on the premise of equal water replenishing amount, the infiltration amount is mainly influenced by the water delivery flow, the underground water burial depth and the like. The change of the water delivery flow in a local range has little influence on the infiltration rate, and the infiltration amount is mainly influenced by the infiltration area. Horton model by f0、fcAnd the like to reflect the pressure infiltration of the river water to the groundwater. In order to reflect the difference of the buried depth of underground water in different months, the invention introduces an alpha adjustment coefficient to represent the change characteristic of the buried depth of the underground water, which is specifically expressed as:
f＝α[fc+(f0-fc)e-kt]
wherein α is an adjustment coefficient.
S24, calibrating the infiltration parameter according to the historical water supplementing actual measurement flow process, and specifically comprises the following steps:
constructing a runoff model of a downstream hydrological station in an ecological water replenishing process;
calculating simulated runoff in the ecological water replenishing process according to the constructed runoff model;
the minimum sum of squares of relative errors of the simulated runoff and the actual measured runoff in the ecological water replenishing process is used as a simulation precision target function;
and solving the simulation precision objective function according to the historical water replenishing actual measurement flow process to obtain the calibrated infiltration parameter.
The parameters to be calibrated in the invention include f0、fcK and α, fcAnd the k parameter is mainly related to geological lithologic conditions of a riverbed, and the change of different water replenishing fields of the same river section is not large. f. of0Besides being related to the geological conditions of the riverbed, the early-stage dry condition of the riverway is reflected, and related to the early-stage rainfall condition, the hydrological years (the frequency is respectively 50%, 75% and 95%) and f are constructed0By linear interpolation to determine f of the year0. Thus, the parameters to be calibrated include f050％、f075％、f095％、fc、k、α。
Because there is no monitoring data of leakage loss, the invention adopts the measured runoff of upstream and downstream hydrological stations to verifyAnd (4) model parameters. For each ecological water replenishing process, runoff W of downstream hydrological station during water replenishingsimAre all f025％、f050％、f075％、fcK, alpha, etc. as a function of the parameter, i.e.
Wsim＝W(f025％、f050％、f075％、fc、k、α)
The simulation accuracy objective function is specifically expressed as:
wherein min F is a simulation precision objective function, m is the field frequency of a simulation ecological water replenishing process, and Wsim,jSimulation runoff of the ecological water replenishing process of the jth field, Wobs,jAnd the measured runoff of the ecological water replenishing process of the jth field.
And the water flow evolution model considering the infiltration after the parameters are calibrated is used for scheduling the connection between the water flow nodes in the model.
S3, accumulating and calculating the water supply amount and the downstream water collection amount of each reservoir according to the outlet flow process and the water collection section flow process of each reservoir;
in this embodiment, the reservoir water replenishing amount is the accumulated runoff amount of the water replenishing cross section, and the downstream water collection amount is the accumulated runoff amount of the water collecting cross section.
S4, constructing a multi-reservoir combined scheduling model containing a water delivery efficiency objective function and a river ecological benefit objective function, and solving the multi-reservoir combined scheduling model according to the water replenishing amount and downstream water collection amount of each reservoir and the flow process of an ecological water amount control section;
in this embodiment, the multi-reservoir joint scheduling model constructed by the present invention specifically includes:
a multi-reservoir joint scheduling objective function and constraint conditions; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the multi-reservoir joint scheduling objective function comprises a water delivery efficiency maximization objective function and a river ecological benefit maximization objective function;
the constraint conditions include a water supply available amount constraint condition, a discharge capacity constraint condition, and a reservoir capacity constraint condition.
In order to improve the degree of guaranteeing the downstream ecological water quantity in consideration of the current situation of water shortage rivers with shortage of water resources and strong river channel infiltration, the utilization efficiency of surface water resources needs to be improved as much as possible, and the upstream and downstream water delivery efficiency during water delivery is improved. Therefore, the invention sets the water delivery efficiency maximization objective function to be expressed as:
wherein, max f1Maximizing the objective function for water delivery efficiency, Wq, supplementThe water quantity of the q-th reservoir is the centralized water supply quantity or the external water transfer water supply quantity, m is the number of water supply sources, WHarvesting machineThe water collecting section is used for collecting water.
Considering the ecological benefit of rivers, the ecological benefit of water flow is brought into full play by reservoir ecological scheduling. Specifically, the ecological benefit of the river is evaluated by the degree of satisfaction of the hydrological index ecological water amount reflecting the health degree of the river. The invention sets the maximum square and average value of the ecological water quantity satisfaction degree of each control section of the river basin as the maximum target function of the river ecological benefit, and the target function is expressed as follows:
wherein, max f2Maximizing the objective function for river ecological benefits, It，lAnd controlling the section ecological water quantity meeting degree for the t time period l.
The available water supply constraint is expressed as:
Wq, supplement≤Wq is available to
In the formula, Wq, supplementMake-up water quantity for downstream target reservoir of q-th reservoir, Wq is available toThe maximum water replenishing quantity which can replenish water for the qth reservoir to the downstream target reservoir.
The letdown capability constraint is expressed as:
Qq，t≤Qmaxq，t
namely, the drainage capacity of the hydraulic engineering cannot be exceeded. Wherein Q isq，tThe discharge quantity of the qth reservoir at the t time period, Qmaxq，tThe discharge capacity of the qth reservoir at the t period.
The reservoir capacity constraint conditions are expressed as:
VDq，t≤Vq，t≤VXq，t
wherein, VDq，tThe minimum storage capacity limit of the qth period of the qth reservoir; vq，tThe maximum allowed storage capacity of the qth reservoir in the t period corresponds to a prosperous storage capacity in the non-flood season, the storage capacity corresponding to the flood control limit water level in the flood season corresponds to the prosperous storage capacity, and the numerical value is equal to the prosperous storage capacity minus the combined storage capacity; VXq，tThe storage capacity of the qth period of the qth reservoir.
Vq，t＝Vq，t-1+WIq，t-WOq，t-VSq，t-Wq，t
Wherein, Vq,t-1The storage capacity of the qth reservoir in the t-1 th period; WI (Wireless electric appliance)q,tThe water quantity of the qth period of the qth reservoir; WOq,tSupplying water to the outside of the riverway at the t time of the qth reservoir; VSq,tThe water loss amount of the qth reservoir in the tth period; wq,tThe ecological water supplement amount (namely the lower discharge amount) in the t period of the qth reservoir.
According to the invention, the water supply quantity and the downstream water collection quantity of each reservoir are calculated, the water delivery efficiency target is calculated, the process of controlling the flow of the section according to the ecological water quantity is adopted, and the ecological benefit target is calculated; and sequencing the objective function values of all schemes according to the priority. And selecting, crossing and mutating the initial scheme through the set selection probability, and repeating the calculation process until the calculated objective function value meets the precision requirement.
And S5, generating ecological joint scheduling schemes of the reservoirs according to the solved objective function values.
In this embodiment, according to the objective function values obtained by solving, the ecological water replenishing scheme sets of the reservoirs are generated, and the generated ecological water replenishing scheme sets of the reservoirs are screened according to the preset optimization strategy, so that the optimal ecological reservoir combined dispatching scheme is obtained.
By taking 2019 autumn permanently-fixed river basin ecological water replenishing scheme research as an example, the water replenishing scales of the mulberry stem river park reservoir, the ocean river friendship reservoir, the ocean river reservoir and the tunnel of the northwest-lead main line 1# are reasonably determined by combining the ecological water quantity target. Generating reservoir discharge flow of different schemes by adopting a genetic algorithm, and calculating the water collection process of a downstream target reservoir of different schemes by one-dimensional hydrodynamic model calculation based on the Horton infiltration principle, thereby calculating the water delivery efficiency target f of different schemes1And ecological benefit goal f2。
Water delivery efficiency targets f of different schemes1And ecological benefit goal f2The relationship of (a) is shown in FIG. 2. When the ecological benefit is targeted2>0.95 hours, water delivery efficiency target f1The reduction rate is accelerated, the water collection quantity of the downstream target reservoir is obviously reduced, and the utilization efficiency of surface water resources is not improved.
According to the situation of the river channel in the past year, the upstream river channel of the downstream target reservoir begins to freeze in the middle and last 12 months, water delivery in the time period can not only slow down the flow velocity of water flow and be not beneficial to water delivery of the river channel, but also can possibly generate running ice, and possibly damage engineering facilities and human beings. Therefore, the scheduling scheme is selected to avoid the water delivery in the period as much as possible.
Determining a 2019 autumn eternal river ecological water quantity and water regulation scheme by improving water delivery efficiency, ensuring ecological benefits as much as possible and avoiding comprehensive consideration of aspects such as water delivery in the ice sealing period and the irrigation period of a river channel:
(1) the tunnel 1# of the northwest diversion trunk maintains the maximum scale of 12.6m from 9 months to 1 day3And supplementing water per second.
(2) Ecological water supply starts to be concentrated in the field reservoir in 1 month and 9 days, and the water supply flow is 8m3S; after the danger-removing and reinforcing project is finished in 11 months and 1 day, the water replenishing flow is 25m3And/s, 12 days in 12 months and 12 days after the water supplement is expected to be finished.
(3) Ecological water supply starts to be concentrated in the reservoir with the sounding water fort within 9 months and 20 days, and the water supply flow is 10m3And/s, expected to end in 26 days of 9 months.
(4) The friendship reservoir starts to concentrate ecological water replenishing at 9 months and 27 days, and the water replenishing flow is 15m3And/s, expected to end on day 3 of 10 months.
The target value of the concentrated water delivery efficiency of the scheme is f10.559, the ecological benefit target value is f20.836. The water delivery efficiency is obviously improved compared with the current year scheduling scheme, and the ecological benefit along the water replenishing line is ensured.
On the one hand, the infiltration process and the water flow evolution process are calculated by constructing a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the Horton infiltration principle, the water receiving flow process of each scheme is calculated by assuming different water discharge flow processes, so that the water delivery efficiency target of each scheme is accurately calculated, on the other hand, the ecological water quantity process of each ecological water quantity control section is solved through different water discharge flow processes, and the ecological water quantity satisfaction degree of each ecological water quantity control section is solved according to the ecological water demand target, so that the ecological benefit target is calculated, and the ecological water quantity satisfaction degree of each section is balanced on the flow field level.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A watershed multi-reservoir combined dispatching method based on water delivery efficiency and ecological benefits is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, performing reservoir dispatching calculation according to the warehousing flow process, the riverway external water supply process and the reservoir capacity constraint conditions to obtain a reservoir ex-warehouse flow process;
s2, constructing a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model based on the Horton infiltration principle, and calculating the water flow to a downstream water collecting section to obtain a flow process of the ecological water quantity control section along the line and a flow process of the water collecting section;
s3, accumulating and calculating the water supply amount and the downstream water collection amount of each reservoir according to the outlet flow process and the water collection section flow process of each reservoir;
s4, constructing a multi-reservoir combined scheduling model containing a water delivery efficiency objective function and a river ecological benefit objective function, and solving the multi-reservoir combined scheduling model according to the water replenishing amount and downstream water collection amount of each reservoir and the flow process of an ecological water amount control section;
and S5, generating ecological joint scheduling schemes of the reservoirs according to the solved objective function values.
2. The watershed multi-reservoir combined dispatching method based on water delivery efficiency and ecological benefits as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S2 of constructing the one-dimensional hydrodynamic model based on the Horton infiltration principle comprises the following sub-steps:
s21, constructing a Saint-Vietnam equation set considering the infiltration process;
s22, carrying out discrete solution on the Saint-Venum equation set constructed in the step S21 by adopting a Preissmann four-point weighting implicit difference method;
s23, simulating an infiltration process by using an improved Horton infiltration principle;
and S24, calibrating the infiltration parameters according to the historical water supplementing actual measurement flow process.
3. The watershed multi-reservoir joint scheduling method based on water delivery efficiency and ecological benefits according to claim 2, wherein the saint-wien equation set considering the infiltration process constructed in the step S21 is specifically expressed as:
wherein A is the area of the cross section, Q is the flow, x is the distance of the river from a certain initial cross section along the way, t is the time, Z is the water level, Q is the water leveliThe infiltration flow is shown as alpha, the momentum correction coefficient is shown as alpha, the gravity acceleration is shown as g, and the flow modulus of the cross section is shown as K.
4. The watershed multi-reservoir joint scheduling method based on water delivery efficiency and ecological benefits as claimed in claim 2, wherein the infiltration process simulated in step S23 is specifically represented as:
f＝α[fc+(f0-fc)e-kt]
wherein f is the infiltration capacity of the river reach at the moment t, f0Maximum infiltration capacity of the riverbed, fcIn order to stabilize the infiltration rate, k is the index of the physical properties of the bed material, and alpha is the adjustment coefficient.
5. The watershed multi-reservoir joint scheduling method based on water delivery efficiency and ecological benefits as claimed in claim 2, wherein the step S24 of calibrating the infiltration parameter according to the historical water supplement measured flow process specifically comprises:
constructing a runoff model of a downstream hydrological station in an ecological water replenishing process;
calculating simulated runoff in the ecological water replenishing process according to the constructed runoff model;
the minimum sum of squares of relative errors of the simulated runoff and the actual measured runoff in the ecological water replenishing process is used as a simulation precision target function;
and solving the simulation precision objective function according to the historical water replenishing actual measurement flow process to obtain the calibrated infiltration parameter.
6. The watershed multi-reservoir joint scheduling method based on water delivery efficiency and ecological benefits as claimed in claim 5, wherein the simulation precision objective function is specifically expressed as:
wherein minF is an analog precision objective function, m is the field frequency of the analog ecological water replenishing process, and Wsim,jSimulation runoff of the ecological water replenishing process of the jth field, Wobs,jAnd the measured runoff of the ecological water replenishing process of the jth field.
7. The watershed multi-reservoir joint scheduling method based on water delivery efficiency and ecological benefits as claimed in claim 1, wherein the multi-reservoir joint scheduling model in step S4 specifically comprises:
a multi-reservoir joint scheduling objective function and constraint conditions; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the multi-reservoir combined dispatching objective function comprises a water delivery efficiency maximization objective function and a river ecological benefit maximization objective function;
the constraint conditions include a water supply available amount constraint condition, a discharge capacity constraint condition and a reservoir capacity constraint condition.
8. The watershed multi-reservoir joint scheduling method based on water delivery efficiency and ecological benefits according to claim 7, wherein the multi-reservoir joint scheduling objective function is expressed as:
wherein, max f1Maximizing the objective function for water delivery efficiency, max f2Maximizing the objective function for river ecological benefit, Wq, supplementThe water quantity of the q-th reservoir is the centralized water supply quantity or the external water transfer water supply quantity, m is the number of water supply sources, WHarvesting machineTo receive the water volume on the water-receiving section, It,lAnd controlling the section ecological water quantity meeting degree for the t time period l.
9. The watershed multi-reservoir joint scheduling method based on water delivery efficiency and ecological benefits as claimed in claim 7, wherein the constraint condition is expressed as:
Wq, supplement≤Wq is available to
Qq,t≤Qmaxq,t
VDq,t≤Vq,t≤VXq,t
Wherein, Wq, supplementMake-up water quantity for downstream target reservoir of q-th reservoir, Wq is available toMaximum water replenishment quantity, Q, for replenishing water from the qth reservoir to the downstream target reservoirq,tThe discharge quantity of the qth reservoir at the t time period, Qmaxq,tThe discharge capacity of the qth reservoir at the t-th period, VDq,tIs the minimum storage capacity limit of the qth period of the qth reservoir, Vq,tThe maximum allowable storage capacity Vx of the qth period of the reservoirq,tThe storage capacity of the qth period of the qth reservoir.
10. The watershed multi-reservoir combined dispatching method based on water delivery efficiency and ecological benefits as claimed in claim 1, further comprising screening the generated ecological combined dispatching schemes of the reservoirs according to a preset optimization strategy to obtain an optimal ecological combined dispatching scheme of the reservoirs.
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