CN113051717B - Method for determining maximum single-shot dose during blasting - Google Patents

Method for determining maximum single-shot dose during blasting Download PDF

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CN113051717B
CN113051717B CN202110246520.0A CN202110246520A CN113051717B CN 113051717 B CN113051717 B CN 113051717B CN 202110246520 A CN202110246520 A CN 202110246520A CN 113051717 B CN113051717 B CN 113051717B
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王建国
陶子豪
张智宇
左庭
杨长辉
赵泽虎
***
方程
周青莲
姚永鑫
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for determining the maximum single-shot dosage during blasting, and belongs to the technical field of blasting engineering. According to the invention, a cemented filling body test piece is manufactured according to the mine filling condition, and the maximum dynamic compressive strength sigma of the elastic deformation stage of the graded tailing cemented filling body points is obtained by adopting an SHPB impact testemaxAnd maximum dynamic compressive strength sigma when the graded tailing cemented filling body points are completely destroyedpmaxAnd determining the maximum section same-response doses corresponding to the stable region, the damaged region and the damaged region of the filling body with different strengths based on the combination of a one-dimensional stress wave propagation formula and a Sadow-fusi formula of on-site monitoring regression.

Description

Method for determining maximum single-shot dose during blasting
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for determining maximum single-shot dosage during blasting, belonging to the technical field of materials.
Background
The control of the amount of blasting charge is important for downhole blasting operations. The parameters of blasting operation are usually determined through a series of blasting funnel experiments and empirical formulas, so that great errors and randomness exist, and control cannot be performed according to actual lithology and field conditions, so that great errors exist, the maximum single-shot explosive quantity of field blasting is inaccurate, over-excavation and under-excavation phenomena occur, even the stability of a peripheral cemented filling body is influenced, the filling body is loosened and collapsed, and the like, and the excavation operation is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for determining the maximum single-sound dosage during blasting aiming at the problem of damage of blasting vibration to an adjacent cemented filling body in the prior artemaxAnd maximum dynamic compressive strength sigma when the graded tailing cemented filling body points are completely destroyedpmaxAnd determining the maximum section same-response doses corresponding to the stable region, the damaged region and the damaged region of the filling body with different strengths based on the combination of a one-dimensional stress wave propagation formula and a Sadow-fusi formula of on-site monitoring regression.
A method for determining the maximum single explosive quantity during blasting comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the theory of one-dimensional longitudinal wave propagation of the slender rod, the relation between the particle stress and the particle speed
σ＝-ρc0v (1)
In the formula: the negative sign indicates that the stress and velocity directions are opposite during propagation of the stress wave, ρ c0The wave impedance of the propagation medium, ρ is the density of the medium, kgm-3，c0Is one-dimensional longitudinal wave propagation velocity in medium, ms-1；
Derivation of formula (1)
Figure BDA0002964287460000011
σemax＝-ρc0vemax (3)
σpmax＝-ρc0vpmax (4)
In the formula: rho is the density of the medium, kgm-3，c0Is one-dimensional longitudinal wave propagation velocity in medium, ms-1；σemaxThe maximum dynamic compressive strength of the classified tailing cemented filling physique point elastic deformation stage is MPa; sigmapmaxThe maximum dynamic compressive strength is MPa when the volume points of the graded tailing cemented filling are completely damaged; v. ofemaxThe maximum speed of particle motion at the elastic deformation stage of the tailing cemented filling body is m/s; v. ofpmaxThe maximum velocity of particle motion at the plastic deformation stage of the tailing cemented filling body, namely the particle velocity when the filling material reaches the dynamic peak intensity, m/s;
(2) manufacturing a cemented filling body test piece according to the mine filling condition, and obtaining the maximum dynamic compressive strength sigma of the graded tailing cemented filling body points in the elastic deformation stage by adopting an SHPB impact testemaxAnd maximum dynamic compressive strength sigma when the graded tailing cemented filling body points are completely destroyedpmaxCalculating the maximum velocity v of particle motion at the elastic deformation stage of the tailing cemented filling bodyemaxAnd the maximum velocity v of particle motion in the plastic deformation stage of the tailing cemented filling bodypmax；
(3) According to the formula of Sadow-fusi
Figure BDA0002964287460000021
In the formula: v is the vibration speed of the mass point peak value, cm/s; q is the maximum single-sound-segment dose, kg; r is the distance between the explosion center and the explosion source, namely the distance between a measuring point and the explosion source, m; k is a coefficient related to medium and blasting condition factors, and alpha is a vibration attenuation coefficient;
the formula (5) is derived
Figure BDA0002964287460000022
Figure BDA0002964287460000023
In the formula: qemaxThe maximum allowable single-shot explosive quantity, kg, of the filling body stable region can bear; qpmaxKg is the maximum single-shot explosive quantity at one time when the filling body is completely damaged;
derived from (2) and (5)
Figure BDA0002964287460000024
Converted into a relational expression of the distance between the centers of implosion R and the dynamic compressive strength sigma
Figure BDA0002964287460000025
(4) Monitoring the vibration speed of the underground field blasting process by using a blasting vibration recorder, performing least square regression analysis on the critical vibration speed collected by a filling body in underground blasting, and processing by using software originPro data after eliminating error measuring points to obtain a K value and an alpha value; according to the maximum velocity v of particle motion in the elastic deformation stage of the tailing cemented filling bodyemaxAnd the maximum velocity v of particle motion in the plastic deformation stage of the tailing cemented filling bodypmaxK value and alpha value, calculating QwmaxAnd Qpmax；
(5) According to the specific criterion of the damage range of the tailing cemented filling body around the blasting area:
filling body point speed criterion
0＜v＜vemaxStabilization (10)
vemax＜v＜vpmaxInjury (11)
v＞vpmaxComplete destruction of (12)
In the formula: v. ofemaxThe maximum speed of particle motion at the elastic deformation stage of the tailing cemented filling body is m/s; v. ofpmaxThe maximum velocity of particle motion at the plastic deformation stage of the tailing cemented filling body, namely the particle velocity when the filling material reaches the dynamic peak intensity, m/s;
obtaining the graded tailing cemented filling body around the near-explosion area for damage range division
Figure BDA0002964287460000031
Figure BDA0002964287460000032
Figure BDA0002964287460000033
In the formula: rwThe distance m between the target mass point of the filling body in the stable area and the blasting center; r issThe distance m between the target mass point of the filling body and the blasting center in the damage area; rpThe distance m between the target mass point of the filling body in the damage area and the blasting center;
therefore, the maximum explosive quantity required to be controlled for stabilizing the grading tailing cemented filling body from different positions of the explosive core is as follows:
Figure BDA0002964287460000034
Figure BDA0002964287460000035
Figure BDA0002964287460000036
in the formula: qwmaxThe maximum allowable single-shot explosive quantity, kg, of the filling body stable region can bear; qsThe maximum allowable single-shot explosive quantity range, kg, which can be borne by a damaged area before the filling body is completely damaged; qpThe maximum single-shot explosive amount at one time when the filling body is completely destroyed is kg.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method for estimating the on-site K and a values by using a blasting model test has the advantages that the value range of the K and a values is large when the blasting safety distance is calculated, so that the error of the selected single-section maximum charge amount is large, the vibration speed of the underground on-site blasting process is monitored by using a blasting vibration recorder, the least square regression analysis is carried out on the critical vibration speed collected by a filling body in underground blasting, after error measuring points are removed, the K value and the alpha value are obtained by processing the OriginPro data through software, the value range of the K and a values can be effectively reduced, and the selection precision of the single-section maximum charge amount is improved;
(2) the method for determining the maximum single-shot explosive quantity during blasting effectively prevents and treats the condition that the peripheral filling body is damaged due to overlarge explosive vibration during blasting;
(3) the dynamic property of the underground cemented filling body material is fully mastered by using an SHPB test technology, and sufficient technical support is provided for underground filling work and blasting operation;
(4) the invention effectively controls the mine excavation cost, reduces the danger caused by the underground blasting operation and simultaneously improves the safety of underground operation personnel and equipment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the description.
Example 1: a method for determining the maximum single explosive quantity during blasting specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the theory of one-dimensional longitudinal wave propagation of the slender rod, the relation between the particle stress and the particle speed
σ＝-ρc0v (1)
In the formula: the negative sign indicates the strain wave in the propagation processForce and velocity in opposite directions, ρ c0The wave impedance of the propagation medium, ρ is the density of the medium, kgm-3，c0Is one-dimensional longitudinal wave propagation velocity in medium, ms-1；
The formula (1) derives
Figure BDA0002964287460000041
σemax＝-ρc0vemax (3)
σpmax＝-ρc0vpmax (4)
In the formula: rho is the density of the medium, kgm-3，c0Is one-dimensional longitudinal wave propagation velocity in medium, ms-1；σemaxThe maximum dynamic compressive strength of the classified tailing cemented filling physique point elastic deformation stage is MPa; sigmapmaxThe maximum dynamic compressive strength is MPa when the volume points of the graded tailing cemented filling are completely damaged; v. ofemaxThe maximum speed of particle motion at the elastic deformation stage of the tailing cemented filling body is m/s; v. ofpmaxThe maximum velocity of particle motion at the plastic deformation stage of the tailing cemented filling body, namely the particle velocity when the filling material reaches the dynamic peak intensity, m/s;
(2) manufacturing a cemented filling body test piece according to the mine filling condition, and obtaining the maximum dynamic compressive strength sigma of the graded tailing cemented filling body points in the elastic deformation stage by adopting an SHPB impact testemaxAnd maximum dynamic compressive strength sigma when the graded tailing cemented filling body points are completely destroyedpmaxCalculating the maximum velocity v of particle motion at the elastic deformation stage of the tailing cemented filling bodyemaxAnd the maximum velocity v of particle motion in the plastic deformation stage of the tailing cemented filling bodypmax；
(3) According to the formula of Sadow-fusi
Figure BDA0002964287460000051
In the formula: v is the peak vibration speed of mass points, cm/s; q is the maximum single-sound section dose, kg; r is the distance between the explosion center and the explosion source, namely the distance between a measuring point and the explosion source, m; k is a coefficient related to medium and blasting condition factors, and alpha is a vibration attenuation coefficient;
the formula (5) is derived
Figure BDA0002964287460000052
Figure BDA0002964287460000053
In the formula: qemaxThe maximum allowable single-shot explosive quantity, kg, of the filling body stable region can bear; qpmaxThe maximum single-response explosive amount at one time when the filling body is completely damaged is kg;
derived from (2) and (5)
Figure BDA0002964287460000054
Converted into a relational expression of the distance between the centers of implosion R and the dynamic compressive strength sigma
Figure BDA0002964287460000055
(4) Monitoring the vibration speed of the underground field blasting process by using a blasting vibration recorder, performing least square regression analysis on the critical vibration speed collected by a filling body in underground blasting, and processing by using software originPro data after eliminating error measuring points to obtain a K value and an alpha value; according to the maximum velocity v of particle motion in the elastic deformation stage of the tailing cemented filling bodyemaxAnd the maximum velocity v of particle motion in the plastic deformation stage of the tailing cemented filling bodypmaxK value and alpha value, calculating QwmaxAnd Qpmax；
(5) According to the specific criterion of the damage range of the tailing cemented filling body around the blasting area:
filling body point speed criterion
0＜v＜vemaxStable (10)
vemax＜v＜vpmaxInjury (11)
v＞vpmaxComplete destruction (12)
In the formula: v. ofemaxThe maximum speed of particle motion at the elastic deformation stage of the tailing cemented filling body is m/s; v. ofpmaxThe maximum velocity of particle motion at the plastic deformation stage of the tailing cemented filling body, namely the particle velocity when the filling material reaches the dynamic peak intensity, m/s;
obtaining the graded tailing cemented filling body around the near-explosion area for damage range division
Figure BDA0002964287460000061
Figure BDA0002964287460000062
Figure BDA0002964287460000063
In the formula: rwThe distance m between the target mass point of the filling body in the stable area and the blasting center; rsThe distance m between the target mass point of the filling body and the blasting center in the damage area; r ispThe distance between the target mass point of the filling body in the damage area and the blasting center, m;
therefore, the maximum explosive quantity required to be controlled for stabilizing the grading tailing cemented filling body from different positions of the explosive core is as follows:
Figure BDA0002964287460000064
Figure BDA0002964287460000065
Figure BDA0002964287460000066
in the formula: qwmaxKg of a one-time maximum allowable single-shot explosive amount which can be borne by a stable region of a filling body; qsThe maximum allowable single-shot explosive quantity range, kg, which can be borne by a damaged area before the filling body is completely damaged; qpThe maximum single-shot explosive amount at one time when the filling body is completely destroyed is kg.
Example 2: in the embodiment, a blasting field of the Dahongshan copper mine is taken as an example;
a method for determining the maximum single-explosive quantity during blasting specifically comprises the following steps:
according to the proportioning parameters of the B10-15 line cemented ore pillar in 285 middle section, the strength of the cemented filling body of the current layered filling is 1.75Mpa and 2.34Mpa respectively, therefore, only the results of the two strengths are listed in table 1,
according to the selected Sadawski empirical formula, the maximum single-shot dosage required when the positions of different explosive centers of the fillers with different strengths are stable (the maximum section dosage equivalent explosive center distance calculation of the first stope blasting design is verified) is calculated by combining the formula 14-28 and the table 1, and the specific dosage control range is shown in the table 2;
TABLE 1 mechanical parameters of two-strength filling body test pieces under dynamic load
Figure BDA0002964287460000071
TABLE 2 maximum single-shot dosage for 11.24m core-burst distance and different stable regions of cemented filling bodies of different strengths
Figure BDA0002964287460000072
Table 2 lists the once maximum single-shot doses to be controlled when the two filling body materials with strength ratios are still in a stable state at the equivalent centre-of-burst distance of 11.24m, and specifically the maximum single-shot dose of once detonation of deep hole large blasting is controlled according to the strength distribution of the on-site filling body by referring to the calculation results in the table; correspondingly, if the blasting scheme and the maximum single-shot dosage are determined, the stable region ranges of the fillers with different proportions can be calculated reversely according to the position of the blasting center; however, the loading rate of the indoor SHPB impact experiment is far smaller than the actual blasting load, the actual explosive can be used for applying the blasting dynamic load, the maximum vibration speed which can be borne by the filling material under the action of the blasting dynamic load is searched, and then the blasting parameters are optimized and adjusted according to the actual structural condition of the underground filling body, so that the production requirement of safely and efficiently mining the II-step chamber is met.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.

Claims (1)

1. A method for determining the maximum single-shot dosage during blasting is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the theory of one-dimensional longitudinal wave propagation of the slender rod, the relation between the particle stress and the particle speed
σ＝-ρc0v (1)
In the formula: the negative sign indicates that the stress and velocity directions are opposite during propagation of the stress wave, ρ c0The wave impedance of the propagation medium, ρ is the density of the medium, kgm-3，c0Is one-dimensional longitudinal wave propagation velocity in medium, ms-1；
The formula (1) derives
Figure FDA0002964287450000011
σemax＝-ρc0vemax (3)
σpmax＝-ρc0vpmax (4)
In the formula: rho is the density of the medium, kgm-3，c0Is a one-dimensional longitudinal wave in a mediumPropagation velocity, ms-1；σemaxThe maximum dynamic compressive strength of the classified tailing cemented filling physique point elastic deformation stage is MPa; sigmapmaxThe maximum dynamic compressive strength is MPa when the volume points of the graded tailing cemented filling are completely damaged; v. ofemaxThe maximum speed of particle motion at the elastic deformation stage of the tailing cemented filling body is m/s; v. ofpmaxThe maximum velocity of particle motion at the plastic deformation stage of the tailing cemented filling body, namely the particle velocity when the filling material reaches the dynamic peak intensity, m/s;
(2) manufacturing a cemented filling body test piece according to the mine filling condition, and obtaining the maximum dynamic compressive strength sigma of the graded tailing cemented filling body points in the elastic deformation stage by adopting an SHPB impact testemaxAnd maximum dynamic compressive strength sigma when the graded tailing cemented filling body points are completely destroyedpmaxCalculating the maximum velocity v of particle motion at the elastic deformation stage of the tailing cemented filling bodyemaxAnd the maximum velocity v of particle motion in the plastic deformation stage of the tailing cemented filling bodypmax；
(3) According to the formula of Savosky
Figure FDA0002964287450000012
In the formula: v is the peak vibration speed of mass points, cm/s; q is the maximum single-sound section dose, kg; r is the distance between the explosion center and the explosion source, namely the distance between a measuring point and the explosion source, m; k is a coefficient related to medium and blasting condition factors, and alpha is a vibration attenuation coefficient;
the formula (5) is derived
Figure FDA0002964287450000021
Figure FDA0002964287450000022
In the formula: qemaxFor the stable region of the filling bodyThe maximum allowable single-shot explosive amount at one time is kg; qpmaxThe maximum single-response explosive amount at one time when the filling body is completely damaged is kg;
derived from (2) and (5)
Figure FDA0002964287450000023
Converted into a relational expression of the distance between the centers of implosion R and the dynamic compressive strength sigma
Figure FDA0002964287450000024
(4) Monitoring the vibration speed of the underground field blasting process by using a blasting vibration recorder, performing least square regression analysis on the critical vibration speed collected by a filling body in underground blasting, and processing by using software originPro data after eliminating error measuring points to obtain a K value and an alpha value; according to the maximum velocity v of particle motion at the elastic deformation stage of the tailing cemented filling bodyemaxAnd the maximum velocity v of particle motion in the plastic deformation stage of the tailing cemented filling bodypmaxK value and alpha value, calculating QwmaxAnd Qpmax；
(5) According to the specific criterion of the damage range of the tailing cemented filling body around the blasting area:
filling body point speed criterion
0＜v＜vemaxStable (10)
vemax＜v＜vpmaxInjury (11)
v＞vpmaxComplete destruction (12)
In the formula: v. ofemaxThe maximum speed of particle motion at the elastic deformation stage of the tailing cemented filling body is m/s; v. ofpmaxThe maximum velocity of particle motion at the plastic deformation stage of the tailing cemented filling body, namely the particle velocity when the filling material reaches the dynamic peak intensity, m/s;
obtaining the graded tailing cemented filling body around the near-explosion area for damage range division
Figure FDA0002964287450000025
Figure FDA0002964287450000026
Figure FDA0002964287450000031
In the formula: rwThe distance m between the target mass point of the filler in the stable area and the blasting center; rsThe distance m between the target mass point of the filling body and the blasting center in the damage area; rpThe distance m between the target mass point of the filling body in the damage area and the blasting center;
therefore, the maximum explosive quantity required to be controlled for stabilizing the grading tailing cemented filling body from different positions of the explosive core is as follows:
Figure FDA0002964287450000032
Figure FDA0002964287450000033
Figure FDA0002964287450000034
in the formula: qwmaxKg of a one-time maximum allowable single-shot explosive amount which can be borne by a stable region of a filling body; qsThe maximum allowable single-shot explosive quantity range, kg, which can be borne by a damaged area before the filling body is completely damaged; qpThe maximum single-shot explosive amount at one time when the filling body is completely destroyed is kg.
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