CN113051652A - Engineering reconstruction and extension method based on BIM and three-dimensional scanning reverse modeling technology - Google Patents
Engineering reconstruction and extension method based on BIM and three-dimensional scanning reverse modeling technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an engineering reconstruction and extension method based on a BIM and three-dimensional scanning reverse modeling technology, which comprises the following steps: preliminarily establishing a design model by using SketchUp according to a historical drawing, and importing Revit software to convert the design model into a design BIM model; carrying out digital scanning on an entity target in a building structure to obtain a point cloud model; importing the point cloud model into Realworks to carry out three-dimensional scanning point cloud processing; importing the processed point cloud model into 3ds-max software for lightweight processing, and correcting the precision of the point cloud model by using a recap; establishing a reverse BIM model through PointSense for Revit, carrying out comparative analysis on the reverse BIM model and a design BIM model, automatically analyzing unqualified points and deviation, and dynamically calibrating the design BIM model; and (4) reconstructing and designing based on the calibrated design BIM model, and deriving a national standard blueprint through Revit software. The technical problem of drawing restoration is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of BIM and three-dimensional scanning, in particular to an engineering reconstruction and extension method based on a reverse modeling technology of BIM and three-dimensional scanning.
Background
At present, related technologies for rebuilding and expanding stadium drawings relate to a small number, and the conventional technology is that a distance meter is manually held, the distance from the bottom of a beam and a plate of each floor to the ground is measured and recorded, and then the measured data is marked on the drawings after calculation and processing and is checked with the drawings. The method has the disadvantages of long time consumption, large error, high labor cost, and many places (such as high-altitude component size) which cannot be reached by manpower, and the actual situation of the site cannot be accurately restored. The reference has few cases and limited reference significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides an engineering reconstruction and extension method based on a BIM and three-dimensional scanning reverse modeling technology, wherein a point cloud model obtained by three-dimensional laser scanning is subjected to lightweight processing to establish a reverse BIM model, the point cloud model is compared and analyzed with a design BIM model established in the forward direction of a drawing, the design BIM model is dynamically calibrated, and the design in the aspect of structure reconstruction is implemented based on an accurate design BIM blueprint.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an engineering reconstruction and extension method based on a BIM and three-dimensional scanning reverse modeling technology comprises the following steps:
primarily establishing a design model by using SketchUp software according to the historical drawing of the building structure, and importing Revit software to convert the design model into a design BIM (building information modeling);
using a three-dimensional laser scanner to digitally scan an entity target in a building structure to obtain a point cloud model;
importing the point cloud model into Realworks software to carry out three-dimensional scanning point cloud processing;
importing the processed point cloud model into 3ds-max software for lightweight processing, and checking the precision of the point cloud model by using recap software;
establishing a reverse BIM model through PointSense for Revit reverse modeling software, performing comparative analysis on the reverse BIM model and a design BIM model, automatically analyzing unqualified points and deviation, and dynamically calibrating the design BIM model;
and (4) reconstructing and designing based on the calibrated design BIM model, and deriving a national standard blueprint through Revit software.
In some embodiments of the method of the present invention, before the step of digitally scanning the solid target inside the building structure with the three-dimensional laser scanner to obtain the point cloud model, the method further includes the steps of:
calculating the scanning area according to the design BIM model, detecting the edge of the scanned building, and extracting a field;
and extracting by utilizing the calculated scanning area and scanning field to select the type of the scanner.
In some embodiments of the method of the present invention, before the step of digitally scanning the solid target inside the building structure with the three-dimensional laser scanner to obtain the point cloud model, the method further includes the steps of:
arranging measuring stations indoors according to the floor area of the reconstructed building structure, wherein the measuring stations comprise the positions and the number of the three-dimensional laser scanner targets;
and the scanning parameter setting is optimized, and the scanning parameters are set to ensure that the set target can be accurately identified by the three-dimensional laser scanner.
In some embodiments of the method of the present invention, the point cloud model obtained by digital scanning using the three-dimensional laser scanner is integrated from models measured by each measurement station, and the key coordinates of the point cloud model are aligned with the original design elevation axis network during processing.
In some embodiments of the method of the present invention, the step of importing the point cloud model into Realworks software to perform three-dimensional scanning point cloud processing includes:
importing the point cloud data into Realworks three-dimensional scanning processing software for point cloud coverage evaluation, and when the point cloud data is lower than a threshold value, rearranging the stations;
and when the point cloud coverage is higher than the threshold value, importing the point cloud data into Realworks three-dimensional scanning processing software, carrying out splicing, denoising and coloring processing, and finally generating a complete point cloud model comprising the axis size of the building structure, the elevation of each layer of the building structure and the size of the component.
In some embodiments of the method of the present invention, after generating the complete point cloud model, the method further comprises the steps of:
and analyzing the ratio of the point cloud noise points, and removing the invalid point cloud points when the ratio does not meet the requirements until the requirements are met.
In some embodiments of the method, the step of importing the processed point cloud model into 3ds-max software for lightweight processing, and the step of checking the accuracy of the point cloud model by using the recap software comprises:
performing point cloud model lightweight processing, namely performing visual optimization by using a 3ds-max software complete point cloud model, performing lightweight processing on useless point clouds and straight region point clouds, and performing proofreading processing by using recap software to finish the lightweight processing of the point cloud model;
and (3) precision analysis, namely, carrying out precision analysis on the point cloud processing result of the straight area, and when the precision does not meet the requirement, carrying out point cloud processing on the straight section again until the precision meets the requirement.
In some embodiments of the method, in the process of creating the reverse BIM through PointSense for Revit reverse modeling software, the format of the reverse BIM is converted into a file format matched with a design BIM after the reverse BIM is imported into the Revit software.
In some embodiments of the method of the present invention, in the step of performing comparative analysis on the reverse BIM model and the design BIM model, the reverse BIM model arranges point locations based on a three-dimensional coordinate axis, and converts point locations on the same boundary of the design BIM model and the reverse BIM model to satisfy the consistency of the two models.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. in reconstruction engineering, the problems of unclear drawings, missing drawings and inconsistent design drawings with field conditions exist in part of historical design drawings of the structure, a three-dimensional scanning technology is combined with reverse BIM modeling, a reverse BIM model and a design BIM model are compared and analyzed, deviation can be clearly found, and adjustment is convenient;
2. building data are reversely acquired through three-dimensional laser scanning, non-contact measurement is achieved, and manpower use in the prior art is reduced;
3. the point cloud model lightweight technology can reduce the size of each observation station model by more than 95%, the file capacity optimization rate of the integrated point cloud model is obviously improved, and the operability of the model is greatly improved;
4. according to the invention, the BIM model is used for informatization expression of the building structure, so that the drawing-die integration in the design stage can be realized, the BIM model can directly derive the national standard drawing, and the drawing line type, line width, style, proportion, filling, symbol and the like of the drawing are consistent with the national standard blueprint;
5. the building designer and the structural designer can derive professional drawings such as planes, facades and section detailed drawings from the same model, the BIM model can represent the two-dimensional relationship of the traditional drawings and can clearly show the complex spatial section relationship, and therefore errors caused by inconsistent traditional multi-drawing descriptions are avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a general flowchart of the engineering reconstruction and extension method based on the reverse modeling technology of BIM and three-dimensional scanning according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a specific implementation of the engineering reconstruction and extension method based on the BIM and three-dimensional scanning reverse modeling technology.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating another preferred embodiment of the engineering reconstruction and extension method based on the reverse modeling technique of BIM and three-dimensional scanning according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1 and 2, the invention provides an application of a BIM and three-dimensional scanning-based reverse modeling method in reconstruction engineering design, which comprises the steps of designing BIM model building, station arrangement, scanning parameter setting, three-dimensional laser scanning, point cloud lightweight processing, reverse BIM model checking and designing BIM model, BIM reduction national standard drawing technology and BIM blueprint technology, and comprises the following steps:
designing BIM model building, performing model building in a design preliminary stage through SketchUp according to historical drawings, then importing Revit software to convert the BIM model into a BIM model, and finishing preliminary building of a three-dimensional building and structural design BIM model;
step two, arranging measuring stations, namely reasonably arranging the measuring stations indoors according to the floor area of the reconstructed building, wherein the measuring stations comprise the positions and the number of the three-dimensional laser scanner targets;
setting scanning parameters to ensure that the target set in the step two can be accurately identified by the three-dimensional laser scanner;
step four, three-dimensional laser scanning, namely scanning the reconstructed building in real time through a plurality of observation stations, receiving three-dimensional point cloud data by a receiver on a three-dimensional laser scanner to obtain comprehensive and complete space three-dimensional information, importing the point cloud data into Realworks three-dimensional scanning processing software, splicing, denoising and coloring to finally generate a complete point cloud model comprising the axis size of the building structure, the elevation of each layer of the building structure and the size of a component;
step five, carrying out lightweight processing on the point cloud model, carrying out visual optimization on the complete point cloud model generated in the step four by using 3ds-max software, carrying out lightweight processing on useless point clouds and straight region point clouds, and carrying out proofreading processing by using recap software to finish the lightweight processing on the point cloud model;
checking a design BIM model by using a reverse BIM model, reversely creating the reverse BIM model by using PointSense for Revit software based on the point cloud model subjected to lightweight processing in the step five, obtaining the specific sizes and accurate coordinate positioning of all components, comparing and analyzing the reverse BIM model with the design BIM model in the step one to judge the size deviation of the structure, dynamically calibrating the model, and performing deviation adjustment on the design BIM model in the step one to obtain an accurate design BIM model;
step seven, the BIM restores the national standard drawing, and the accurate design BIM model obtained in the step six is reversely output to derive the national standard drawing;
and step eight, building a BIM blueprint, finishing reconstruction design on the accurate design BIM model obtained in the step six, and outputting the blueprint meeting the national standard.
Specifically, the point cloud model in the fourth step is formed by integrating models measured by each measuring station, and key coordinates of the point cloud model need to be aligned with an original design elevation axis network during processing.
Specifically, the useless point clouds in the fifth step include outdoor flying points, miscellaneous points generated by indoor personnel walking, miscellaneous points generated by indoor article stacking and uniform dense points of a large flat surface, and are deleted; the automatic processing can greatly reduce the straight point cloud, but not the point cloud is evenly distributed.
Specifically, the reverse BIM model in the sixth step is converted into a file format matched with the design BIM model after being imported into Revit software; the reverse BIM model arranges point locations based on three-dimensional coordinate axes, and converts the point locations with the same boundary of the designed BIM model and the reverse BIM model, so that the consistency of the two models is met.
Specifically, the drawing line type, line width, style, proportion, filling, symbol and the like of the national standard drawing in the step seven are consistent with the national standard blueprint.
Specifically, a building plan, a detailed drawing and a structural drawing can be derived from the same part of the model in the blueprint in the step eight, and all output drawings meet the national standard.
When the three-dimensional laser scanning technology is used in a building structure, the three-dimensional laser scanner emits directional laser beams to the periphery, the laser beams are reflected when the laser beams touch the surface of an object, the laser beams are reflected to a receiver on the three-dimensional laser scanner so as to determine the distance information of a certain point, when the number of the points is large enough, comprehensive and complete three-dimensional information can be obtained, particularly for obtaining the three-dimensional information in the large building structure, the three-dimensional laser scanning technology has high efficiency, and the manpower use can be greatly reduced.
When the method is used for processing the data of the three-dimensional laser scanner, the processes of point cloud data splicing, denoising, coloring and the like are included, the processed data are exported to be in a common point cloud data format to be checked in software and further processed, the space attribute of point locations is set, useless points are eliminated, the point cloud arrangement number of straight areas is reduced, and the like, so that the light weight processing of a point cloud model is realized, the occupied capacity of a model file is obviously reduced, and the operability of the model is greatly improved.
Example 2:
the application of a reverse modeling method based on BIM and three-dimensional scanning in reconstruction engineering design, wherein a certain place sports hall reconstruction project comprises the steps of using SketchUp software to initially establish a design model according to a historical drawing of a building structure and importing Revit software; digitally scanning an internal entity target of the building structure by using a three-dimensional laser scanner; importing the point cloud model into Realworks software to perform three-dimensional scanning point cloud pumping treatment; importing the processed point cloud model into 3ds-max software for lightweight processing; correcting the precision of the point cloud model by utilizing recap software; previewing the derived lightweight model through Navisvarks; establishing a reverse BIM model through PointSense for Revit reverse modeling software, performing comparative analysis on the reverse BIM model and a design BIM model, automatically analyzing unqualified points and deviation, and dynamically calibrating the design model; and (4) reconstructing and designing based on the calibrated model, and directly deriving a national standard blueprint through Revit software.
The steps of the improved method of the present invention are further described below with reference to fig. 3 and the specific examples, and the specific steps are as follows:
1. sorting original data and carding historical drawings;
2. designing BIM model reconstruction, performing model establishment in a design preliminary stage through SketchUp according to historical drawings, then introducing Revit software to convert the BIM model into a BIM model, and finishing preliminary establishment of a three-dimensional building and structural design BIM model;
3. calculating a scanning area according to the BIM model, detecting the edge of a scanned building, extracting a field, and performing scanner model selection by using the calculated scanning area and the scanning field;
4. the method comprises the following steps of (1) arranging measuring stations which are reasonably arranged indoors according to the floor area of a reconstructed and expanded venue, wherein the measuring stations comprise the positions and the number of the three-dimensional laser scanner targets;
5. optimizing the scanning parameter setting, wherein the scanning parameter is set to ensure that the target in the step 2 can be accurately identified by the three-dimensional laser scanner;
6. three-dimensional laser scanning, namely scanning the reconstructed venue in real time through a plurality of measuring stations, and receiving three-dimensional point cloud data by a receiver on a three-dimensional laser scanner to acquire comprehensive and complete space three-dimensional information;
7. and (4) point cloud coverage evaluation, namely importing the point cloud data into Realworks three-dimensional scanning processing software for point cloud coverage evaluation, and returning to the step 4 to carry out station survey arrangement again when the point cloud data is lower than a threshold value.
8. Generating complete point cloud, when the point cloud coverage is higher than a threshold value, importing point cloud data into Realworks three-dimensional scanning processing software, carrying out splicing, denoising and coloring processing, and finally generating a complete point cloud model comprising the axis size of the building structure, the elevation of each layer of the building structure and the size of a component;
9. analyzing the proportion of the point cloud noise points, analyzing the proportion of the point cloud noise points by using analysis software, and removing invalid point cloud points again when the proportion does not meet the requirements until the proportion meets the requirements;
10. performing point cloud model lightweight processing, performing visual optimization on the complete point cloud model in the step 8 by using 3ds-max software, performing lightweight processing on useless point clouds and straight region point clouds, and performing proofreading processing by using recap software to finish the lightweight processing of the point cloud model;
11. performing precision analysis, namely performing precision analysis on the point cloud processing result of the straight area, and returning to the step 10 to perform point cloud processing of the straight section again until the precision meets the requirement when the precision does not meet the requirement;
12. creating a reverse model, namely reversely creating a reverse BIM (building information modeling) model by using PointSense for Revit software based on the point cloud model which is subjected to the lightweight processing in the step 10 to obtain the specific sizes and accurate coordinate positioning of all components;
13. performing deviation analysis, namely checking the design BIM by using the reverse BIM, and performing deviation analysis and dynamic calibration on the design BIM in the step 2 to obtain an accurate design BIM;
14. outputting a two-dimensional drawing, namely reversely outputting the accurately designed BIM model in the step 13 to derive a national standard drawing;
15. building a BIM blueprint, finishing reconstruction design on the accurate BIM model in the step 6, and outputting the blueprint meeting the national standard;
further, the point cloud model of step 6 is formed by integrating models measured by each measuring station, and the key coordinates of the point cloud model need to be aligned with the original design elevation axis network during processing;
further, the useless point cloud in the step 9 comprises outdoor flying points, miscellaneous points generated by indoor personnel walking, miscellaneous points generated by indoor article stacking and uniform dense points of a large flat surface, and the useless point cloud is deleted; the automatic processing can greatly reduce the point clouds of straight sections, but not the point clouds are evenly distributed;
further, the reverse BIM model in the step 12 is converted into a file format matched with the BIM design model after being imported into Revit software;
further, the reverse BIM model in the step 12 arranges point locations based on a three-dimensional coordinate axis, and converts point locations with the same boundary between the designed BIM model and the reverse BIM model to meet the consistency between the two models;
further, the drawing lines, line widths, styles, proportions, fillings, symbols and the like of the national standard drawing in the step 14 are consistent with the national standard blueprint;
further, a building plan, a detailed drawing and a structural drawing can be derived from the same part of the model in the blueprint of the step 15, and all output drawings meet the national standard.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. in reconstruction engineering, the problems of unclear drawings, missing drawings and inconsistent design drawings with field conditions exist in part of historical design drawings of the structure, a three-dimensional scanning technology is combined with reverse BIM modeling, a reverse BIM model and a design BIM model are compared and analyzed, deviation can be clearly found, and adjustment is convenient;
2. building data are reversely acquired through three-dimensional laser scanning, non-contact measurement is achieved, and manpower use in the prior art is reduced;
3. the point cloud model lightweight technology can reduce the size of each observation station model by more than 95%, the file capacity optimization rate of the integrated point cloud model is obviously improved, and the operability of the model is greatly improved;
4. according to the invention, the BIM model is used for informatization expression of the building structure, so that the drawing-die integration in the design stage can be realized, the BIM model can directly derive the national standard drawing, and the drawing line type, line width, style, proportion, filling, symbol and the like of the drawing are consistent with the national standard blueprint;
5. the building designer and the structural designer can derive professional drawings such as planes, facades and section detailed drawings from the same model, the BIM model can represent the two-dimensional relationship of the traditional drawings and can clearly show the complex spatial section relationship, and therefore errors caused by inconsistent traditional multi-drawing descriptions are avoided.
It should be noted that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings attached to the present specification are only used for matching the disclosure of the present specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions of the present invention, so that the present invention has no technical essence, and any structural modification, ratio relationship change, or size adjustment should still fall within the scope of the technical content of the present disclosure without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present invention. In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not to be construed as a scope of the present invention.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. An engineering reconstruction and extension method based on a BIM and three-dimensional scanning reverse modeling technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
primarily establishing a design model by using SketchUp software according to the historical drawing of the building structure, and importing Revit software to convert the design model into a design BIM (building information modeling);
using a three-dimensional laser scanner to digitally scan an entity target in a building structure to obtain a point cloud model;
importing the point cloud model into Realworks software to carry out three-dimensional scanning point cloud processing;
importing the processed point cloud model into 3ds-max software for lightweight processing, and checking the precision of the point cloud model by using recap software;
establishing a reverse BIM model through PointSense for Revit reverse modeling software, performing comparative analysis on the reverse BIM model and a design BIM model, automatically analyzing unqualified points and deviation, and dynamically calibrating the design BIM model;
and (4) reconstructing and designing based on the calibrated design BIM model, and deriving a national standard blueprint through Revit software.
2. The engineering reconstruction and extension method based on BIM and three-dimensional scanning reverse modeling technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein before the step of digitally scanning the solid object inside the building structure with the three-dimensional laser scanner to obtain the point cloud model, the method further comprises the steps of:
calculating the scanning area according to the design BIM model, detecting the edge of the scanned building, and extracting a field;
and extracting by utilizing the calculated scanning area and scanning field to select the type of the scanner.
3. The engineering reconstruction and extension method based on BIM and three-dimensional scanning reverse modeling technology as claimed in claim 2, wherein before the step of digitally scanning the solid object inside the building structure with the three-dimensional laser scanner to obtain the point cloud model, the method further comprises the steps of:
arranging measuring stations indoors according to the floor area of the reconstructed building structure, wherein the measuring stations comprise the positions and the number of the three-dimensional laser scanner targets;
and the scanning parameter setting is optimized, and the scanning parameters are set to ensure that the set target can be accurately identified by the three-dimensional laser scanner.
4. The BIM and three-dimensional scanning based reverse modeling engineering reconstruction method according to claim 3, wherein the point cloud model obtained by digital scanning with the three-dimensional laser scanner is integrated by models measured by each measuring station, and the key coordinates of the point cloud model are aligned with the original designed elevation axis network during processing.
5. The engineering reconstruction method based on BIM and three-dimensional scanning reverse modeling technology as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step of importing the point cloud model into Realworks software for three-dimensional scanning point cloud processing comprises:
importing the point cloud data into Realworks three-dimensional scanning processing software for point cloud coverage evaluation, and when the point cloud data is lower than a threshold value, rearranging the stations;
and when the point cloud coverage is higher than the threshold value, importing the point cloud data into Realworks three-dimensional scanning processing software, carrying out splicing, denoising and coloring processing, and finally generating a complete point cloud model comprising the axis size of the building structure, the elevation of each layer of the building structure and the size of the component.
6. The engineering reconstruction and expansion method based on BIM and three-dimensional scanning reverse modeling technology as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that after generating the complete point cloud model, it further comprises the steps of:
and analyzing the ratio of the point cloud noise points, and removing the invalid point cloud points when the ratio does not meet the requirements until the requirements are met.
7. The engineering reconstruction and expansion method based on BIM and three-dimensional scanning reverse modeling technology as claimed in claim 6, wherein the step of importing the processed point cloud model into 3ds-max software for lightweight processing, and the step of checking the accuracy of the point cloud model by using recap software comprises:
performing point cloud model lightweight processing, namely performing visual optimization by using a 3ds-max software complete point cloud model, performing lightweight processing on useless point clouds and straight region point clouds, and performing proofreading processing by using recap software to finish the lightweight processing of the point cloud model;
and (3) precision analysis, namely, carrying out precision analysis on the point cloud processing result of the straight area, and when the precision does not meet the requirement, carrying out point cloud processing on the straight section again until the precision meets the requirement.
8. The engineering reconstruction method of BIM and three-dimensional scanning based reverse modeling technology as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the process of creating reverse BIM model through PointSense for Revit reverse modeling software, the format of reverse BIM model is converted into a file format matched with design BIM model after being imported into Revit software.
9. The engineering reconstruction and extension method based on the BIM and three-dimensional scanning reverse modeling technology of claim 8, wherein in the step of performing the comparative analysis on the reverse BIM model and the design BIM model, the reverse BIM model arranges the point locations based on the three-dimensional coordinate axis, and converts the point locations on the same boundary of the design BIM model and the reverse BIM model to meet the consistency of the two models.
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| CN113516772A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-10-19 | 同济大学 | Three-dimensional scene reconstruction method and device and BIM model optimization method and device |
| CN113888712A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2022-01-04 | 上海建工集团股份有限公司 | Building structure construction deviation analysis method |
| CN114351957A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-04-15 | 中建八局第二建设有限公司 | Construction method of double-curved-surface dome metal roof |
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